JP2016015559A - Image processing apparatus and image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To selectively apply a spatial filter having a size in accordance with features, such as the character size and number of dot lines of image data, so as to convert pixel data into an image with high reproducibility.SOLUTION: An image processing part 100 includes: a feature amount extraction part 111 that extracts the amount of features, such as the character size and number of dot lines constituting image data; a filter storage part 112 that stores a plurality of spatial filters having different sizes corresponding to feature information; a selection part 113 that selects a spatial filter having a size corresponding to the extracted amount of features; and a spatial filter processing part 106 that applies the selected spatial filter to convert pixel data that constitutes the image data.

Description

  The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus and an image forming apparatus that perform spatial filter processing according to image characteristics.

  Conventionally, document image data has been subjected to region separation processing and separated into character regions, halftone dot regions, other photographic regions, etc., and a suitable spatial filter is applied to each region to produce highly reproducible images. A technique for printing out is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a halftone dot shape, the number of halftone dots, a halftone dot area ratio, and a halftone dot angle are detected from image data of a determined halftone dot region, and an optimum spatial filter is based on these information. Describes an image processing apparatus that eliminates the need for control on the exposure side by selecting and applying. Patent Document 2 includes a first image data processing device and a second data processing device, and the first image data processing device is based on image characteristics of characters / non-characters and halftone dots / non-halftones in input image data. Using the characteristics of the first filter with character filter coefficients, halftone filter coefficients, and photographic filter coefficients, image data with uniform image quality that combines the image quality of the character area and halftone area is converted. The second small-scale second image data processing device generates a second image data based on character / non-character image features, which are part of the image features, so that an image according to the purpose for printing or the like can be obtained. An image processing apparatus that performs conversion processing using a filter is described.

JP 2006-120019 A JP 2007-336074 A

  The characters and halftone dots that make up the image data have differences in size (thickness / thinness) of the character size and the number of lines indicating the roughness of the halftone dots. Is not reflected. In general, when an image has periodicity, the size of the spatial filter is at least twice the period, and the intended filter effect is obtained (Nyquist theorem). In other words, applying a spatial filter that is smaller than the character size may not provide the intended effect, that is, a sufficiently reproducible output image. If is applied, information on pixels other than the intended location may be picked up, and the intended effect may not be obtained. In addition, since a rough halftone dot image composed of a low number of lines such as newspapers and magazines has a long period, a sufficient effect may not be obtained unless the size of the spatial filter is large according to the period. On the contrary, if a spatial filter having a size that is too large compared to the period is applied to a fine halftone dot, information on pixels at unrelated places may be picked up, and the intended effect may not be obtained.

  Regarding the correspondence to the difference between the character size and the number of halftone lines, the image processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1 only illustrates a spatial filter for 5 × 5 pixels, and the filter matrix for switching the spatial filter. Only the mode of switching the coefficients is described, and the application of a spatial filter having a size corresponding to the feature of the image is not suggested. In addition, the image processing apparatus described in Patent Document 2 is prepared as a first filter for characters, halftone dots, and photographs. However, they are the same size, and are used for characters and halftone dots. In particular, there is no suggestion that different sizes are applied in accordance with image characteristics.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides an image processing apparatus and an image forming apparatus that selectively apply a spatial filter having a size according to the characteristics of image data to convert the image into a highly reproducible image. Is.

  An image processing apparatus according to the present invention includes a storage unit storing a plurality of spatial filters having different sizes corresponding to feature information of image data, feature information extraction means for extracting feature information of image data, and the feature information A selecting unit that selects from the storage unit a spatial filter corresponding to the feature information of the image data detected by the extracting unit; and a spatial filter that applies a spatial filter process to pixel data constituting the image data by the selected spatial filter. And a processing means.

  According to the present invention, the storage unit stores in advance a plurality of spatial filters having different sizes corresponding to the feature information of the image data. Then, when the feature information of the image data of the target image is extracted by the feature information extraction unit, the selection unit selects a spatial filter corresponding to the feature information of the image data extracted by the feature information extraction unit, Spatial filter processing means performs spatial filter processing on the pixel data constituting the image data with the selected spatial filter. Accordingly, since the size of the spatial filter to be applied is changed in accordance with the feature amount of the image data, for example, the size of the character size or the number of halftone lines, information on a suitable pixel range can always be used for the filter conversion process. Therefore, the reproducibility of the image is maintained at a high level.

  Further, the plurality of spatial filters are characterized in that peak values of gain characteristics with respect to a spatial frequency coincide with each other. According to this configuration, a constant image reproducibility can be obtained regardless of the size of the applied spatial filter.

  The feature information includes the size of the character data constituting the image data, and the spatial filter includes at least two types of edge enhancement filters corresponding to the size of the character data. According to this configuration, it is possible to always apply constant edge enhancement to a character image stably regardless of the size of the character.

  Further, the feature information includes a level of the number of halftone dots in the halftone area of the image data, and the spatial filter includes at least two types of smoothing filters according to the number of lines of the halftone dot. . According to this configuration, it is possible to apply a certain smoothing process to an image composed of halftone dots in a stable manner regardless of the number of halftone lines.

  The image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes the image processing apparatus and an image forming unit that forms an image for printing from the image data subjected to the spatial filter processing. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an image forming apparatus capable of forming an image for printing from image data with higher reproducibility.

According to the present invention, an image with high reproducibility can be converted by selectively applying a spatial filter having a size corresponding to the characteristics of image data.
it can.

1 is a front sectional view of an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. It is a circuit block diagram of an image processing part. It is a circuit block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of a feature-value extraction part. It is a figure which shows the filter coefficient of a smoothing spatial filter, and its gain characteristic, (a) (b) is a figure of 3x3 size, (c) (d) is a figure of a size of 5x5. It is a figure which shows the filter coefficient of the spatial filter of edge emphasis, and its gain characteristic, (a) (b) is a figure of a 3x3 size, (c) (d) is a figure of a size of 5x5.

  The image forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes an image forming unit 10, an intermediate transfer unit 20, a secondary transfer unit 30, a fixing unit 40, a paper feeding unit 50, a paper conveyance path 60, and a reading unit 70, and an upper portion of the apparatus main body. Is equipped with an automatic document feeder 80. The image forming apparatus performs multi-color or single-color image forming processing on image data read from a document via the reading unit 70 or image data input from an external device (not shown). The reading unit 70 includes at least a light source and a photoline sensor arranged in the main scanning direction as is well-known, and performs original line-by-line reading operations in the main scanning direction on the original to repeat the original image. Is to read.

  The image forming unit 10 includes the light beam scanning unit 1 and image forming units 10 </ b> A to 10 </ b> D for each color having the same structure. The light beam scanning unit 1 has a housing, and necessary optical components for each color are arranged therein. The light beam scanning unit 1 converts R, G, and B color image data read by the reading unit 70 into black (K), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) colors. The surface of the photosensitive drums 2A to 2D of the image forming units 10A to 10D is exposed and scanned along the axial direction (main scanning direction) with laser light that is converted into information and modulated by the image data of each color after conversion, Each electrostatic latent image is formed. The image forming unit 10A, which is representatively described, includes a photosensitive drum 2A, and includes a charger 3A, a developing unit 4A, and a cleaner unit 5A along the rotation direction (sub-scanning direction).

  The intermediate transfer unit 20 includes an intermediate transfer belt 21, a driving roller 22, a driven roller 23, and primary transfer rollers 24 </ b> A to 24 </ b> D, and transfers toner images formed on the peripheral surfaces of the photosensitive drums 2 </ b> A to 2 </ b> D to the intermediate transfer belt 21. Primary transfer to the surface. The secondary transfer unit 30 secondarily transfers the toner image on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 21 to a recording sheet. The fixing unit 40 heats and fixes the toner image transferred to the recording paper, and discharges it to a paper discharge tray. The paper feed unit 50 includes a paper feed cassette and a manual feed tray, and feeds the selected recording paper from the corresponding paper feed cassette to the paper transport path 60.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the image processing unit 100 is provided between a reading unit 70 that functions as an image input unit and an image forming unit 10 that functions as an image output unit. The image processing unit 100 includes an A / D conversion processing unit 101, a shading correction unit 102, a region separation processing unit 103, an input tone correction unit 104, a color correction unit 105, a spatial filter processing unit 106, an output A gradation correction unit 107 and a halftone processing unit 108 are provided. In addition, the image processing unit 100 includes a feature amount extraction unit 111, a filter storage unit 112, and a selection unit 113.

The A / D conversion processing unit 101 converts the RGB analog signal output from the reading unit 70 into a digital RGB signal. Shading correction section 102, A / D against digital RGB signals output from the conversion processing unit 101, lighting system comprising a reader 70 light source, various distortions the signal level of the generated by imaging system and an imaging system Execute the process to remove by adjusting.

  A region separation processing unit 103 separates image data of a document from the RGB signal output from the shading correction unit 102 into other regions such as a character region, a halftone dot region, and a photographic region for each pixel. The region separation processing unit 103 generates a region separation signal for identifying an image of a document as a pixel region, for example, a character region, a halftone dot region, or other region using each threshold value for region separation determination as is well known. To do.

  The input tone correction unit 104 adjusts the color balance of the RGB signal output from the region separation processing unit 103, and at the same time, uses the density signal or the like as necessary in the color image forming apparatus. Performs conversion to a signal that is easy to handle for the system. The color correction unit 105 removes the color turbidity based on the spectral characteristics of the CMY color material including unnecessary absorption components from the RGB signal output from the input tone correction unit 104 in order to realize faithful color reproduction. Processing is performed to output CMY three-color signals after color correction. That is, the color space is changed from RGB to CMY (K).

  The spatial filter processing unit 106 outputs the region separation result by the region separation processing unit 103 and the extracted feature amount information described later to the image data of the CMYK signal as the color space output from the color correction unit 105. Based on this, spatial filter processing using a digital filter is performed, and processing is performed to prevent blurring of the output image and deterioration of graininess by correcting the spatial frequency characteristics. The spatial filter processing unit 106 performs edge enhancement processing on the character region with a spatial filter having a filter coefficient that increases the enhancement amount of the high frequency in order to improve the reproducibility of the character. On the other hand, for the halftone dot region, the spatial filter processing unit 106 performs a smoothing process with a spatial filter having a filter coefficient that suppresses the input halftone dot component and can prevent the occurrence of moire. The selection of the spatial filter will be described later.

  The output tone correction unit 107 converts the CMYK signal output from the spatial filter processing unit 106 into a halftone dot area ratio that is a characteristic value for the image forming apparatus, and outputs the halftone area ratio to the halftone processing unit 108. The halftone processing unit 108 processes the input CMYK data so that it can be reproduced with each gradation corresponding to a print format for output, for example, a dither expression format. The CMYK data output from the halftone processing unit 108 is guided to the image forming unit 10 for image formation.

  The feature quantity extraction unit 111 uses the processing information and the area separation signal from the area separation processing unit 103 to detect feature quantities related to halftone dots and characters in predetermined local block units. Specifically, the number of lines constituting the halftone dot is determined, and the character size is determined. The number of lines of halftone dots is a predetermined type, for example, 65 lines / inch, 85 lines / inch,... 175 lines / inch, 200 lines / inch, etc. Adopted. It is determined which number of lines the halftone dot is, and spatial filter processing is performed with a corresponding size according to the number of lines. Similarly, with respect to characters, it is desirable from the viewpoint of image reproducibility to apply edge enhancement by applying a spatial filter of a corresponding size depending on the size. The determination of the number of halftone lines and the determination of the character size will be described with reference to FIG. Note that the feature quantity extraction unit 111 may adopt a mode in which the feature quantity is calculated in a predetermined local block unit based on the RGB signal output from the shading correction unit 102.

  The filter storage unit 112 stores a plurality of spatial filters having different sizes corresponding to the feature amounts. The spatial filter includes a plurality of smoothing spatial filters of different sizes applied to pixels in the halftone dot region and a plurality of edge enhancement spatial filters of different sizes applied to pixels of the character region. Including.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of a spatial filter for smoothing, and FIG. 5 shows an example of a spatial filter for edge enhancement. The horizontal axis represents the spatial frequency (dpi: dot per inch), and the vertical axis represents the power (gain). FIG. 4A shows a spatial filter applied to a certain value (or a certain range) in which the number of lines of a halftone dot is high, and is composed of filter coefficients having a size of 3 × 3. FIG. 4C is a spatial filter applied to a certain value (or a certain range) in which the number of lines of halftone dots is low, and is composed of 5 × 5 size filter coefficients. Referring to the filter characteristics of FIGS. 4B and 4D, the peak (minimum value) of the gain characteristic line obtained by the Fourier transform with respect to the spatial frequency is a predetermined value in the same spatial frequency band, here It is almost equal to 0.2. Therefore, the degree of smoothing is fixed even if the applied filter size is different.

  FIG. 5A shows a spatial filter applied to a small character size (or a certain range) having a small character size, and is composed of 3 × 3 size filter coefficients. FIG. 5C is a spatial filter applied to a certain large size (or a certain range) having a large character size, and is composed of filter coefficients having a size of 5 × 5. Referring to the filter characteristics of FIGS. 5B and 5D, the peak (maximum value) of the gain characteristic line obtained by Fourier transform with respect to the spatial frequency is a predetermined value in the same spatial frequency band, here It almost agrees with 2.0. Therefore, the degree of edge enhancement is fixed even if the applied filter size is different. In FIGS. 4 and 5, two types of filter sizes for the halftone dot region and the character region are shown. However, the present invention is not limited to two types, and three or more different sizes of spaces are used. A filter may be provided. Further, although the filter storage unit 112 stores the spatial filter of each size for convenience of explanation, it actually stores the fill coefficient of each size. Further, as described above, since the number of halftone lines and the character size are automatically detected, the present invention can be applied to enlarged and reduced originals. That is, a filter having a size corresponding to each feature amount may be set, or a filter having a size corresponding to each certain range of feature amounts may be set.

  The selection unit 113 is associated with each spatial filter corresponding to the region separation signal and the feature amount (or for each range of the feature amount), and receives the region separation signal and the feature amount, and responds thereto. The spatial filter (or filter coefficient) is read out and set in the spatial filter processing unit 106.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the feature quantity extraction unit 111 includes a known halftone line number determination unit 1111 and a character size determination unit 1112. A halftone line number determination unit 1111 is an extraction unit that extracts density distribution information for each local block composed of a plurality of predetermined pixels with respect to a halftone dot region that has been divided into regions, and a flat that has a small density change based on the density distribution information. An identification unit that identifies whether each pixel is a halftone dot region, and an extraction unit that extracts the maximum average number of inversions indicating the density change (inversion) between pixels for a local block identified as a flat halftone region And a determination unit that determines the number of halftone lines based on the extracted maximum average number of inversions. Thereby, the number of halftone lines is determined based on the average value of the maximum number of inversions of the local block.

  The character size determination unit 1112 detects a pair of rising edges and rising edges in at least one of the row direction and the column direction in the separated character area, and determines the number of pixels (generally black pixels) between them. Count as character width (thickness / thinness). Note that an average value of each counted character width may be calculated, and this average value may be employed to improve accuracy. Since the character width and the character size have a correlation, the character size can be indirectly determined.

  By executing such processing, even if there is a difference in the size of the character size (thickness / thinness) and the number of lines indicating the roughness of the halftone dot, a more suitable size corresponding to such difference By applying the spatial filter, it is possible to always maintain high reproducibility.

  In addition, regarding the detection of the character size, the width of the character is handled as the character size, but instead of this, a mode of directly detecting the character size may be adopted as the second embodiment. In this case, in the case of electronic image data, the character size may be extracted by reading character size information as text data from the image data.

  In the first embodiment, the spatial filter for smoothing and the spatial filter for edge enhancement having different sizes are provided. However, as a third embodiment, the spatial filter on at least one side has a different size. Good.

  In addition to the square matrix, the spatial filter may employ a rectangular matrix shape such as 3 × 5 or 5 × 3 as the second embodiment.

  In addition, regarding the photographic area, the degree of fineness of the photographic image may be detected to vary the size of the applied spatial filter.

  In addition, the description of the above-described embodiment is an example in all respects, and should be considered not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above embodiments but by the claims. Furthermore, the scope of the present invention is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Image formation part 100 Image processing part (image processing apparatus)
103 Region separation processing unit 106 Spatial filter processing unit (spatial filter processing means)
111 Feature Extraction Unit (Feature Information Extraction Unit)
1111 Halftone Line Number Determination Unit 1112 Character Size Determination Unit 112 Filter Storage Unit (Storage Unit)
113 Selection part (selection means)

Claims (5)

A storage unit storing a plurality of spatial filters of different sizes corresponding to the feature information of the image data;
Feature information extraction means for extracting feature information of image data;
Selecting means for selecting from the storage unit a spatial filter corresponding to the feature information of the image data detected by the feature information extracting means;
An image processing apparatus comprising: spatial filter processing means for performing spatial filter processing on pixel data constituting the image data with a selected spatial filter.   The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of spatial filters have the same peak value of gain characteristics with respect to a spatial frequency. The feature information includes the size of character data constituting the image data,
The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spatial filter includes at least two types of edge enhancement filters corresponding to the size of the character data. The feature information includes the number of lines of halftone dots in the halftone area of the image data,
The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spatial filter includes at least two types of smoothing filters corresponding to the number of lines of the halftone dots. An image forming apparatus comprising: the image processing apparatus according to claim 1; and an image forming unit that forms an image for printing from the image data subjected to the spatial filter processing.

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