JP2016010716A - Dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an implant capable of obtaining an abutment at a low cost, which allows a prosthetic crown to be attached to an ideal position of an implant fixture disposed in the alveolar bone.SOLUTION: A dental implant incudes: an implant fixture 12 buried in the alveolar bone of a patient; a base 14 of an abutment which is ready-made and fixed to the tip end of the fixture 12; an upper part 16 of the abutment which is manufactured using a CAD/CAM device and fixed to the base 14 of the abutment; and a dental prosthetic 18 fixed to the upper part 16 of the abutment.

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement of an abutment that is fixed to a distal end portion of an implant fixture inserted into an alveolar bone and constitutes an artificial tooth root together with the fixture. More particularly, the present invention relates to a dental implant in which the upper part of the abutment is made using CAD-CAM technology.

  As shown in FIG. 3, an implant fixture 4 inserted into an insertion hole 3 a formed in an alveolar bone 3 of a missing tooth portion as an artificial tooth root 2 conventionally used for dental treatment, and the fixture 4 One having an abutment 5 installed at the tip and a male screw 6 for fixing the abutment 5 to the fixture 4 is known.

  An engagement hole 4a having a non-circular cross section is formed at the distal end portion of the implant fixture 4, and a female screw hole 4b is formed along the central axis from the distal end portion.

  The abutment 5 is configured to be installed at the distal end portion of the implant fixture 4, and a base portion 5 a that abuts against the gingiva 7 and a dental prosthetic crown 8 that is formed so as to protrude integrally with the base portion 5 a. And an upper portion 5b to be worn.

  The base portion 5a has a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the engagement hole 4a of the fixture 4 and when the abutment 5 is inserted into the engagement hole, An engaged portion that prevents rotation is formed.

  The abutment 5 is formed with a through hole 5d for a male screw, and the distal end of the implant fixture 4 is formed by passing the male screw 6 through the abutment 5 and screwing into the screw hole 4b from the distal end portion of the implant fixture 4. The abutment 5 is fixed to the part.

  A dental prosthetic crown 8 is fitted to the upper part 5b of the abutment 5 and fixed with a dental cement for resin bonding (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  By the way, the abutment 5 has an implant fixture other than that formed so that the central axis of the upper part 5b on which the dental prosthetic crown 8 is fitted coincides with the central axis of the implant fixture 4. There is one in which the central axis of the upper portion 5b is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the central axis 4 (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  That is, when the treatment target is an anterior tooth, the central axis of the dental prosthetic crown 8 does not necessarily coincide with the central axis of the implant fixture 4 inserted into the alveolar bone 3.

  In such a case, when attaching the abutment, an abutment in which the central axis of the upper portion 5b is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the central axis of the implant fixture 4 is prepared, and the dentist who performs the treatment is prepared. Select one of a plurality of abutments prepared in advance so that the central axis of the upper part 5b is inclined at the optimum angle, or order the abutment 5 in which the central axis of the upper part 5b is inclined at the optimum angle. And is being used. Therefore, it takes time to prepare the abutment and the cost is high.

  Further, the abutment 5 itself is made of a metal having a relatively high hardness, and it is difficult to cut the upper portion 5b of the abutment 5 itself. . Furthermore, in order to make the production of artificial teeth based on experience and intuition more accurate, casting by a lost wax molding method has been proposed, but it takes time and costs.

JP 2004-337190 A JP-A-9-234210

  An object of the present invention is to provide an implant capable of obtaining an abutment capable of attaching a dental prosthetic crown in an ideal position to an implant fixture inserted into an alveolar bone at a low cost. .

  The dental implant of the present invention includes an implant fixture that is implanted in the alveolar bone of a patient, a base of an abutment that is a ready-made product fixed to the distal end of the fixture, and a CAD that is fixed to the base of the abutment. A dental prosthetic crown secured to the upper part of the abutment manufactured using the / CAM device and the upper part of the abutment, whereby the above object is achieved.

  In one embodiment, the base of the abutment is made of titanium.

  In one embodiment, the upper part of the abutment is made of zirconium oxide.

  In one embodiment, the base portion of the abutment includes a fixing tool having a screw portion fixed to the distal end portion of the fixture, and a fitting portion made of an alloy that is fitted to the fixing tool.

  In one embodiment, the fastener is made of titanium, and the alloy is an alloy of gold and platinum.

  The abutment of the present invention is an abutment used for the dental implant according to claim 1, and is a ready-made abutment base fixed to a distal end portion of the fixture, and the abutment. Having the upper part of the abutment made using a CAD / CAM device fixed to the base of the ment, whereby the above object is achieved.

  In one embodiment, the base portion of the abutment includes a fixing portion having a screw portion fixed to the distal end portion of the fixture, and a fitting portion made of an alloy to be fitted to the fixing tool.

  In one embodiment, the alloy is an alloy of gold and platinum.

  According to the dental implant of the present invention, the implant fixture to be embedded in the alveolar bone of the patient, the base of the abutment which is an off-the-shelf product fixed to the distal end of the fixture, and fixed to the base of the abutment And a dental prosthetic crown secured to the top of the abutment made using a CAD / CAM device.

  Therefore, off-the-shelf products are used as the base of the abutment, and the upper part of the abutment is manufactured by a CAD / CAM apparatus by metal cutting such as polishing or milling. Therefore, the base of the abutment can be manufactured at a relatively low cost, and the upper part of the abutment can be manufactured in a shape suitable for each patient's teeth.

  The abutment is usually made of an alloy or zirconia, and is fixed to the fixture with screws. However, there is a drawback that the abutment and the fixture are slightly moved by use, and a member having low hardness is worn at that time.

  However, as in the present invention, the base portion of the abutment is constituted by a fixing device having a screw portion fixed to the distal end portion of the fixture and a fitting portion made of an alloy that is fitted to the fixing device. While allowing the abutment and fixture to move finely, the fixture and fixture can be made of almost the same hard material (for example, made of titanium) to prevent wear of one member. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the screws from loosening.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an implant according to the present invention. The perspective view of the state which inclined the upper part of the abutment. The exploded perspective view of a prior art example.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an artificial dental root 10 is inserted into an alveolar bone 11 and fixed to an implant fixture 12 formed in a substantially columnar shape, and is installed at a distal end portion of the implant fixture 12 to surround it. Abutments 14 and 16 with which the gingiva 13 abuts.

  The implant fixture 12 is inserted and fixed in an insertion hole 11a formed in the alveolar bone 11 of the missing tooth portion.

  The implant fixture 12 is made of a titanium metal having good biocompatibility and relatively high hardness.

  An engagement hole 12a having a non-circular cross section is formed at the distal end portion of the fixture 12, and a screw hole 12b is formed along the central axis from the distal end portion.

  The abutment has a base portion 14 configured to be installed at a distal end portion of the implant fixture 12 and an upper portion 16 to which a dental prosthetic crown 18 is fitted.

  The base portion 14 is formed with a flange 14 a whose lower surface abuts on the end surface of the implant fixture 12 and an engaged portion 14 b that is inserted into the engagement hole 12 a of the implant fixture 12.

The outer diameter of the lower surface of the flange 14 a is formed to be the same as the outer diameter of the end surface of the implant fixture 12. As shown in FIG. 1, the periphery of the flange 14c follows the gingiva 13 around the insertion hole 11a.

  The base 14 of the abutment is an off-the-shelf product that can be manufactured together with the implant fixture 12 for each manufacturer. For example, a titanium material can be used.

  The upper part 16 of the abutment is made of metal, ceramic material, glass, plastic or the like. Particularly preferred materials are zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, titanium alloy, and PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate). As these materials, materials that can be processed by a processing apparatus in which CAM processing is performed are used.

The upper part 16 of the abutment is manufactured using a CAD / CAM device. Here, the CAD / CAM apparatus can be implemented using a conventionally known method. For example, using a special camera that captures the patient's oral cavity from various angles and directly inputs the intraoral data to the CAD / CAM system, and uses a system that represents the impression type on the computer display be able to. Alternatively, the shape can be measured with a plaster mold or the like, and the data can be input to a CAD / CAM system and created on a computer.

  It can be implemented as follows.

  The patient's jaw region is recorded by a three-dimensional recording device, preferably a scanner. The value measured by the scanning operation is converted into basic data by the EDP device. The EDP device can also be integrated into a CAD device, a CAM device, or a CAD / CAM device. These basic data are used for all subsequent calculations and automatic processing operations. From the basic data, the tilt, implant depth, and position of the implant can be determined.

  Abutment data for determining the shape and position of the abutment can be obtained from the implant data. Thereafter, individual abutments are manufactured with CAD / CAM equipment by metal cutting, such as grinding or milling. Automated manufacturing in the Abutment CAD / CAM device ensures a geometrically accurate fit.

  Next, a specific treatment method using the implant of the present invention will be described.

  First, the insertion hole 11a is formed in the alveolar bone 11 of the missing tooth portion of the patient, and the implant fixture 12 is inserted into the insertion hole 11a.

  Next, the base 14 of the abutment is bonded to the distal end portion of the fixture 12. Adhesion of the base 14 of the abutment is performed by filling the female screw hole 12b of the fixture 12 with dental cement as an adhesive, or by applying the cement to the adhesive pin of the abutment 14 and attaching the adhesive pin to the fixture 12. Is inserted into the female screw hole 12b from the base end. Then, the engaged portion 14 b is inserted into the engaging hole 12 a, and the base portion 14 is further disposed at the base end portion of the fixture 12.

  Thereafter, the upper portion 16 of the abutment is fixed with an adhesive (adhesive cement) on the base portion 14 of the abutment, and the prosthetic crown 18 fitted to the upper portion 16 of the abutment is manufactured. 16, the prosthetic crown 18 is fitted with cement.

  When the central axis of the dental prosthetic crown 18 is inclined with respect to the central axis of the fixture 12 inserted into the alveolar bone 11, the fixture 12 manufactured using a CAD / CAM device is used. The upper part 16 of the abutment in which the central axis of the upper part 16 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the central axis is used.

  Thereafter, the dental prosthetic crown 18 is adhesively fixed to the upper portion 16 of the abutment.

  In FIG. 2, (A) is for a case with thick gingiva. The height of the lower part 20 of the abutment 16 is 1-4 mm, the outer diameter of the lower part 20 is 2.5-7.5 mm, The height is 8-12 mm, and the upper end 21 of the abutment 16 has an inclination of about 2 °. Moreover, the upper part 16 of the abutment shown in FIG. 2 (B) is used in the case of a thin gingiva, and the upper part 16 of the abutment shown in FIG. 2 (C) has an inclination angle of 15-25 °. Used for cases with thick gingiva. Further, the upper portion 16 of the abutment shown in FIG. 2D is used in the case of a thin gingival case whose inclination angle is 15-25 °.

  In addition, you may comprise the base of an abutment from the fixing tool which has the thread part fixed to the front-end | tip part of a fixture, and the fitting part which consists of an alloy fitted to this fixing tool. In this case, the fixing tool is made of titanium, and the alloy is an alloy of gold and platinum.

10 Artificial root 12 Implant fixture 13 Gingival 14 Abutment base 16 Abutment top 18 Dental prosthetic crown

Claims (5)

A dental implant having an implant fixture to be implanted in a patient's alveolar bone and a superstructure fixed to the distal end of the implant fixture,
The superstructure includes a coaxial member fixed to the implant fixture, and an inclined member fixed to the coaxial member;
The central axis of the coaxial member coincides with the central axis of the implant fixture;
The dental implant includes a portion having a central axis that is inclined with respect to a central axis of the implant fixture. The dental implant according to claim 1 , wherein the coaxial member and the inclined member are made of materials having different hardnesses. The dental implant according to claim 2 , wherein the coaxial member and the implant fixture are made of a material having the same hardness. The coaxial member includes a fixture having a screw portion fixed to a distal end portion of the implant fixture,
The dental implant according to claim 3 , wherein the fixture is made of a material having the same hardness as the implant fixture. The dental implant according to claim 4 , wherein a constituent material of the coaxial member, the implant fixture, and the fixture is titanium.

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