JP2016010305A - Short circuit device for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve three-phase short circuit without depending on control of a switching element on an inverter.SOLUTION: A short circuit device for a vehicle is applied to a vehicle which comprises: MG1, MG2 formed of a three-phase AC motor for generating travel drive force; inverters 17, 18 for controlling switching elements 38, 39 to convert DC power from a power storage device 20 into AC power and then output the AC power to the MG1, MG2, and for converting AC power generated on the MG1, MG2 into DC power to charge the power storage device 20; and capacitors 31, 37 disposed between the power storage device 20 and the inverters 17, 18, respectively. The short circuit device for a vehicle has a conductive short circuit member 41, and has a short circuit mechanism 40 by which the short circuit member 41 is made to wait at a standby position separated from three connection lines 42, 43, 44 for connecting the inverters 17, 18 and the MG1, MG2, and during abnormality, the short circuit member 41 is made to move to a short circuit position where contacting the connection lines 42, 43, 44 simultaneously.

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle short-circuit device that is applied to a vehicle that is driven by driving a three-phase AC motor and that shorts the three phases to stop rotation of the three-phase AC motor when an abnormality such as a collision occurs.

  In recent years, for example, in vehicles such as hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles, the DC power of the power storage device is converted into AC power by an inverter and supplied to a three-phase AC motor (motor generator). At the time of power generation, conversely to such a flow of power, AC power generated by a three-phase AC motor (motor generator) is converted into DC power by an inverter to charge the power storage device. Furthermore, in the process of such power conversion, the voltage may be boosted or lowered, and a DC / DC converter may be used for such step-up / step-down (transformation).

Further, for example, a capacitor is provided between the power storage device and the inverter to suppress a fluctuation in voltage supplied from the power storage device and input to the inverter.
When a collision or the like occurs in a vehicle equipped with an electric circuit having such a high-voltage power storage mechanism, it is necessary to eliminate the adverse effects of the high voltage.

Therefore, a discharge relay is used, and when the vehicle collides, the discharge relay is turned on to discharge the charge accumulated in the capacitor.
Furthermore, when the vehicle is stopped in a state where it floats from the ground due to a collision or the like, the driving wheel rotates idly, and the three-phase AC motor continues to rotate to generate power, the electric charge is accumulated in the capacitor. For this, it is considered to short-circuit the three phases by controlling the switching elements in the inverter. This utilizes a phenomenon in which brake torque is generated when the three phases are short-circuited, and the three-phase AC motor is stopped by the brake torque to stop power generation. In addition, the technique which short-circuits three phases by controlling a switching element is described in patent document 1, for example.

JP 2010-47083 A

  However, the above control realizes a three-phase short-circuit state by controlling the switching element on the assumption that the inverter is operating normally. Therefore, when the inverter is damaged due to a collision, a failure, or the like, the above control may not be performed properly. In this case, there is a concern that the three-phase AC motor continues to rotate and generates power, and charges are accumulated in the capacitor.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The objective is providing the short circuit apparatus for vehicles which can implement | achieve a three-phase short circuit without depending on control of the switching element in an inverter. It is in.

  A short circuit device for a vehicle that solves the above problem converts a three-phase AC motor for generating a driving force and a switching element to convert DC power from a power storage device into AC power, thereby controlling the three-phase AC. A vehicle including an inverter that outputs AC power to the motor, converts AC power generated by the three-phase AC motor into DC power, and charges the power storage device, and a capacitor provided between the power storage device and the inverter And having a conductive short-circuit member, and causing the short-circuit member to stand by at a standby position separated from three connection lines connecting the inverter and the three-phase AC motor, and in the event of an abnormality, the short circuit A short-circuit mechanism is provided that moves the member to a short-circuit position that simultaneously contacts the three connection lines.

  According to said structure, when the electroconductive short circuit member is made to stand by in a standby position, the short circuit member is spaced apart from the three connection lines. When the short-circuit member is moved from the standby position to the short-circuit position at the time of abnormality, the short-circuit member is simultaneously brought into contact with the three connection wires, and the three connection wires are short-circuited (three-phase short-circuit state). It becomes. Thus, the three-phase short circuit of the three-phase AC motor is realized without depending on the control of the switching element in the inverter.

  On the other hand, the three-phase AC motor has a characteristic of generating brake torque when the three phases are short-circuited. Therefore, when the three-phase short-circuit state occurs as described above, the brake torque acts on the three-phase AC motor, and the three-phase AC motor stops rotating. By stopping the rotation, the three-phase AC motor stops power generation, so that accumulation of electric charge in the capacitor is suppressed.

  In the above vehicle short-circuit device, each connection line is connected to the inverter and the three-phase AC motor at plate-like connection terminals provided at both ends of the connection line, and the short-circuit position Is set at a location where the short-circuit member contacts one of the three connection terminals connected to the inverter and the three connection terminals connected to the three-phase AC motor, and the standby position is It is preferable that it is set at a location close to the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member.

  According to said structure, the location in which the three connection terminals were provided is each edge part of three connection wires, and is a location connected to an inverter or a three-phase AC motor. The three connection terminals are clearly separated from each other while being closer to each other than the other part of the connection line, that is, the intermediate part.

  On the other hand, the standby position where the short-circuit member is made to stand by is a location that is close to the three pieces of connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member. Moreover, the short circuit position to which a short circuit member is moved is a location where the short circuit member contacts the three connection terminals.

Therefore, in addition to easy installation of the short-circuit mechanism, it is possible to wait at the standby position and contact the connection terminal at the short-circuit position without making the short-circuit member complicated.
In the vehicle short-circuit device, the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member extend in the same direction in a state of being separated from each other, and the standby position and the short-circuit position are directions in which the connection terminals extend. It is preferable that they are set at locations spaced apart from each other.

  According to said structure, the location spaced apart from the connection terminal along the extending direction of each connection terminal is made into a standby position, and here, a short circuit member is made to wait. The short-circuit member reaches the short-circuit position by being moved in the extending direction of the connection terminal, and contacts the three connection terminals simultaneously.

  In the vehicle short-circuit device, each one end of the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member is covered with an insulating connector, and the short-circuit member is in contact with the connector only at the standby position. It is preferable that it is set in the place to be.

According to said structure, it becomes possible to install a short circuit mechanism compactly in a standby position because the position where a short circuit member contacts only an insulating connector is made into a standby position.
In the vehicle short-circuit device, the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member extend in the same direction in a state of being separated from each other on the same plane, and the standby position and the short-circuit position are It is preferable that they are set at locations separated from each other along a direction orthogonal to the plane.

  According to said structure, the location spaced apart from the connection terminal along the direction orthogonal to the plane where three connection terminals extend is made into a stand-by position, and a short circuit member is made to wait here. This short-circuit member reaches the short-circuit position by being moved in the direction orthogonal to the plane from the standby position, and simultaneously contacts the three connection terminals.

  In the above vehicle short-circuit device, the short-circuit member has a base portion arranged in a state of being separated from each other and a connecting terminal adjacent to the base portion protruding from between adjacent base portions in a direction perpendicular to the plane and moved to the short-circuit position. It is preferable to include a protruding portion that enters the space and contacts the side surface facing the adjacent connection terminal among the connection terminals.

  According to said structure, in the stand-by position, the base part and protrusion part of a short circuit member are spaced apart from each connection terminal along the direction orthogonal to a plane. In the process in which the short-circuit member is moved from the standby position toward the short-circuit position, the protruding portion enters between adjacent connection terminals. In the short-circuit position, the protruding portion contacts a side surface facing the adjacent connection terminal among the connection terminals.

  In the above vehicle short circuit device, it is preferable that the base is formed in parallel to the plane, and is in contact with a general surface along the plane of the connection terminals at the short circuit position.

  According to said structure, if a short circuit member is moved to a short circuit position, a base will contact the general surface which follows a plane in a connection terminal. In the short-circuit position, the short-circuit member contacts the connection terminal at the protrusion and the base. Therefore, the reliability of the contact of the short-circuit member to the connection terminal is increased as compared with the case where the short-circuit member contacts the connection terminal only at the protruding portion.

  In the above vehicle short-circuit device, each of the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member has a through hole, and the short-circuit member protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the plane from the base portion. And it is preferable to provide the pin part penetrated in the state which contacted the inner wall face of the through-hole with respect to the said through-hole for every said connection terminal by being moved to the said short circuit position.

  According to said structure, in a stand-by position, the base part and pin part of a short circuit member are spaced apart from each connection terminal along the direction orthogonal to a plane. When the short-circuit member is moved from the standby position toward the short-circuit position, the pin portion is inserted into the through hole of the connection terminal. In the short circuit position, the pin portion contacts the inner wall surface of the through hole.

  In the above vehicle short-circuit device, the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member are arranged on the same plane in a state of being separated from each other, and the standby position and the short-circuit position are three pieces. It is preferable that the connection terminals are set at locations separated from each other in the arrangement direction.

  According to the above configuration, the position in the arrangement direction of the three connection terminals and separated from the connection terminals is set as the standby position, and the short-circuit member is made to wait here. The short-circuit member reaches the short-circuit position by being moved in the arrangement direction from the standby position, and simultaneously contacts the three connection terminals.

  In the above vehicle short-circuit device, the short-circuit member protrudes in a direction orthogonal to the plane from the base, the base being located at a location spaced from the three connection terminals in a direction orthogonal to the plane, and the base It is preferable that the standby position includes a protruding portion that is spaced apart from the side surface orthogonal to the plane among the connection terminals in the arrangement direction and that contacts the side surface at the short-circuit position.

  According to said structure, in the stand-by position, the protrusion part of a short circuit member is spaced apart from the side surface of a connection terminal in the sequence direction of three connection terminals. When the short-circuit member is moved from the standby position to the short-circuit position, the projecting portion contacts the side surface of the connection terminal.

  According to the vehicle short circuit device, a three-phase short circuit can be realized without depending on the control of the switching element in the inverter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows 1st Embodiment of the short circuit apparatus for vehicles, and is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the vehicle to which the short circuit apparatus for vehicles is applied. The circuit diagram which shows the electric circuit which drives the vehicle of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the short circuit mechanism by which the short circuit member of 1st Embodiment was made to wait at the standby position, (a) is a top view, (b) is a sectional side view. It is a figure which shows the short circuit mechanism by which the short circuit member of 1st Embodiment was moved to the short circuit position, (a) is a top view, (b) is a sectional side view. The characteristic view which shows the relationship between the rotational speed of a three-phase alternating current motor (MG1, MG2), and brake torque. The top view which shows the short circuit mechanism in 2nd Embodiment of the short circuit apparatus for vehicles. The front view which shows a mode that the short circuit member is moved from a standby position to a short circuit position in the short circuit device for vehicles of 2nd Embodiment. The top view which shows the short circuit mechanism in 3rd Embodiment of the short circuit apparatus for vehicles. In the vehicle short circuit device of 3rd Embodiment, the front sectional view which shows a mode that a short circuit member is moved from a standby position to a short circuit position. The top view which shows the short circuit mechanism in 4th Embodiment of the short circuit apparatus for vehicles. It is a figure which shows the short circuit mechanism in the short circuit device for vehicles of 4th Embodiment, (a) is a front view of the short circuit mechanism with which the short circuit member was made to wait in a standby position, (b) moved a short circuit member to a short circuit position. The front view of the made short circuit mechanism.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, 1st Embodiment of the short circuit device for vehicles is described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of a hybrid vehicle (hereinafter simply referred to as “vehicle”) 10 to which the vehicle short-circuit device of the first embodiment is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, a vehicle 10 includes an internal combustion engine 11, a first motor generator (hereinafter referred to as “MG1”), a power split mechanism 12, and a second motor generator as driving devices for generating the traveling driving force. (Hereinafter referred to as “MG2”). As MG1 and MG2, a three-phase AC motor including a rotor in which a permanent magnet is embedded and a stator having a three-phase coil Y-connected at a neutral point is used. The power split mechanism 12 includes a planetary gear mechanism, and splits the power generated in the internal combustion engine 11 into the MG 1 and the drive wheels 13. The MG 2 mainly functions as an electric motor, and generates auxiliary power for driving the drive wheels 13 separately from the power of the internal combustion engine 11.

  A power control unit (Power Control Unit, abbreviated as “PCU”) 14 for driving and controlling MG 1 and MG 2 is mounted on the vehicle 10 in a state of being housed in a case (not shown). The PCU 14 includes in-vehicle electric devices such as a converter 16 and inverters 17 and 18. Converter 16 boosts the power input from power storage device 20 and outputs the boosted power to inverters 17 and 18. The power storage device 20 is a power storage element configured to be chargeable / dischargeable. The power storage device 20 includes, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead storage battery, and a power storage element such as an electric double layer capacitor. Inverters 17 and 18 convert the input DC power into AC power suitable for driving MG1 and MG2, and then output the AC power to MG1 and MG2.

  In addition, the vehicle 10 is provided with an electronic control device 21 mainly composed of a microcomputer, and various sensors are connected to the electronic control device 21. The various sensors include, for example, an accelerator sensor 22 for detecting the amount of depression of an accelerator pedal (not shown), a speed sensor 23 for detecting the traveling speed of the vehicle 10, and a presence / absence of a collision of the vehicle 10. A collision sensor 24 and the like are provided.

  The electronic control device 21 takes in the output signals of the various sensors 22 to 24, performs various calculations based on the signals, and performs various controls related to the operation of the vehicle 10 based on the calculation results, for example, the internal combustion engine 11. And the control of the PCU 14 (operation control of the converter 16 and operation control of the inverters 17 and 18) are executed.

Such various controls are basically executed based on the following ideas.
For example, the internal combustion engine 11 is started by the MG 1 that is driven by receiving power supplied from the power storage device 20.

  In a situation where the operating efficiency of the internal combustion engine 11 is low, such as when the vehicle 10 is starting or running at a light load, the internal combustion engine 11 is stopped and the MG 2 is driven by the power supply from the power storage device 20. The vehicle 10 is driven by the generated torque, thereby reducing fuel consumption.

  In a situation where the internal combustion engine 11 can be operated with high efficiency, such as during steady running of the vehicle 10, the power of the internal combustion engine 11 is divided into two paths by the power split mechanism 12. One of the divided powers is transmitted as driving force to the driving wheel 13 and the driving wheel 13 is rotated. Further, the other of the divided power is transmitted to MG1, and the MG1 functions as a generator. Driving the MG2 with the electric power generated by the MG1 assists the power of the internal combustion engine 11, thereby reducing fuel consumption.

  When the vehicle 10 is accelerated, the output of the internal combustion engine 11 is increased and transmitted to the drive wheels 13, and the power of the internal combustion engine 11 is transmitted to the MG 1 via the power split mechanism 12, and the MG 1 generates power. Done. The MG 2 is driven by the generated power and the power from the power storage device 20, and the driving force of the MG 2 is added to the power from the internal combustion engine 11 to accelerate the vehicle 10.

When the vehicle 10 is decelerated, the MG 2 is rotated by the power applied from the drive wheels 13 to generate power. The generated power is collected by the power storage device 20.
FIG. 2 shows an electrical configuration (electric circuit) of the PCU 14 and the like. As shown in FIG. 2, the power storage device 20 is connected to the converter 16. In addition, a capacitor 31 to which an input voltage of a converter circuit described later is applied is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power storage device 20. The capacitor 31 suppresses fluctuations in the voltage input from the power storage device 20 to the converter 16.

  The converter 16 includes two switching elements (specifically, insulated gate bipolar transistors) 32 and 33 connected in series. One diode 32a, 33a is connected in parallel to each switching element 32, 33, respectively. The voltage (for example, 200 volts) of the power storage device 20 is applied to one of the switching elements 32 and 33 (specifically, between the drain terminal and the source terminal of the switching element 33). The positive electrode of power storage device 20 and switching element 33 (specifically, a drain terminal) are connected via a reactor 36. A capacitor 37 is connected between both ends of the switching elements 32 and 33 connected in series (specifically, between the drain terminal of the switching element 32 and the source terminal of the switching element 33).

  When the operation of the converter 16 is controlled, the operations of the switching elements 32 and 33 are controlled. By this control, a voltage (for example, 650 volts) higher than the voltage of the power storage device 20 is output between both ends of the switching elements 32 and 33 connected in series using the characteristics of the reactor 36. Note that the fluctuation of the output voltage of the converter 16 is suppressed by the capacitor 37. And the circuit comprised by the switching elements 32 and 33, the diodes 32a and 33a, and the reactor 36 functions as a converter circuit.

  The output voltage of the converter 16 is input to the inverters 17 and 18. The inverters 17 and 18 incorporate a three-phase bridge rectifier circuit constituted by six switching elements (specifically, insulated gate bipolar transistors) 38 and 39, respectively. The inverters 17 and 18 are connected to MG1 and MG2. Each switching element 38, 39 is connected in parallel with one diode 38a, 39a.

  In controlling the operation of each inverter 17, 18, the operation of each switching element 38, 39 is controlled. By these controls, the DC power input from the converter 16 is converted into AC power suitable for driving the MG1 and MG2, and supplied to the MG1 and MG2. Through such operation control of the inverters 17 and 18, the MG 1 and MG 2 are driven in a manner suitable for the driving state of the vehicle 10.

  By the way, when the vehicle 10 is damaged due to a collision or the like, there is a risk of causing a leakage from the electric circuit of the PCU 14. In the hybrid vehicle in which the internal combustion engine 11 and the MG1 and MG2 are mounted as a vehicle drive source as described above, the voltage applied to the electric circuit of the PCU 14 tends to be high, so that leakage from the electric circuit is suppressed. Requests are likely to be high. Therefore, in order to suppress such a leakage, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a circuit breaker 25 is provided for cutting off the connection between the power storage device 20 and the electric circuit of the PCU 14 when the vehicle 10 collides. And when the collision of the vehicle 10 is detected based on the output signal of the collision sensor 24, the circuit breaker 25 is operated, so that the power supply from the power storage device 20 to the electric circuit of the PCU 14 is stopped. .

  Furthermore, for example, when the vehicle 10 stops in a state where it floats from the ground due to a collision or the like, the drive wheel 13 rotates idly (continues to rotate by inertial force), and accordingly, MG1 and MG2 continue to rotate and power generation continues. Charge is accumulated in the capacitors 31 and 37. For this, the three phases are short-circuited by controlling the switching elements 38 and 39 in the inverters 17 and 18. This utilizes a phenomenon in which braking torque (braking torque against the force that moves the vehicle 10) is generated when the three phases are short-circuited.

  That is, as shown by the characteristic line L1 in FIG. 5, there is no magnetic field when all the switching elements 38 and 39 of the inverters 17 and 18 are set non-conductive and both MG1 and MG2 are opened. Therefore, no rotation resistance (brake torque) is generated. On the other hand, as shown by the characteristic line L2, when one phase of each of MG1 and MG2 is short-circuited, the brake torque is small in the low rotational speed region and increases as the rotational speed increases. Furthermore, as indicated by the characteristic line L3, when the three phases of MG1 and MG2 are short-circuited, the brake torque is large in the low rotational speed region and decreases as the rotational speed increases. Considering the above characteristics, by setting the switching elements 38 and 39 of each phase to the conducting state and short-circuiting the three phases, the brake torque is generated in the low rotation speed range, and MG1 and MG2 are stopped to stop the power generation I try to let them.

  In addition, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the three phases of MG1 and MG2 are physically short-circuited without depending on the control of the switching elements 38 and 39 in the inverters 17 and 18. Therefore, a short-circuit mechanism 40 is provided for each of the combination of the inverter 17 and MG1 and the combination of the inverter 18 and MG2. Each short-circuit mechanism 40 includes a conductive short-circuit member 41 and an actuator 53 that moves the short-circuit member 41.

  The inverter 17 and MG1 are connected by three connection lines 42, 43, and 44. Similarly, the inverter 18 and MG2 are connected by three connection lines 42, 43, and 44.

  As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3A, the connection lines 42 to 44 are connected to the inverters 17 (18) and MG1 (MG1) at the plate-like connection terminals 45, 46, and 47 provided at both ends thereof. MG2). In other words, the three connection lines 42 to 44 are connected to the inverters 17 and 18 by a total of three connection terminals 45 to 47 constituting one end portion thereof. Similarly, the three connection lines 42 to 44 are connected to MG1 and MG2 by a total of three connection terminals 45 to 47 constituting the other end portion thereof.

  As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and FIGS. 4A and 4B, the three pieces of connection terminals 45 to 47 connected to the inverters 17 and 18 are separated from each other while approaching each other. It extends in the same direction. One end of each of the three connection terminals 45 to 47 is covered with a connector 48 formed using an insulating material such as resin. The connector 48 has one common covering portion 48a covering all the base portions of the three connection terminals 45 to 47, and an individual covering a part of each connection terminal 45 to 47 in a state of being connected to the common covering portion 48a. And a covering portion 48b.

  Each short-circuit member 41 is formed by bending a plate material made of conductive spring steel. In the first embodiment, each short-circuit member 41 includes the same number of sets (three sets) as the connection terminals 45 to 47 of the clamping portions 51 that form a pair. These clamping parts 51 are connected to each other through the connecting part 52.

Although not shown, the three connection terminals 45 to 47 connected to MG1 and MG2 have the same configuration as described above.
Each short-circuit member 41 has a standby position (FIGS. 3A and 3B) separated from the three connection terminals 45 to 47, and a short-circuit position simultaneously contacting the connection terminals 45 to 47 (FIG. 4A). , (B)). These standby positions and short-circuit positions are set at locations separated along the direction in which the connection terminals 45 to 47 extend.

  Each short-circuit member 41 contacts only the connector 48 at the standby position, and does not contact the connection terminals 45 to 47. Moreover, each short circuit member 41 contacts the three connection terminals 45 to 47 at the short circuit position.

  As each actuator 53, for example, a solenoid that converts electric energy into mechanical motion using electromagnetic force can be used. Each actuator 53 is connected to each short-circuit member 41 and causes each short-circuit member 41 to stand by at a standby position in a normal time when no collision or the like occurs. In addition, each actuator 53 moves the short-circuit member 41 to the short-circuit position when an abnormality occurs such as a collision. The operation of each actuator 53 is controlled by the electronic control device 21 described above. Each short-circuit mechanism 40 and the electronic control device 21 constitute a vehicle short-circuit device.

Next, the operation of the vehicle short-circuit device according to the first embodiment will be described.
In this vehicle short-circuit device, each short-circuit mechanism 40 operates as follows according to the detection result (the presence or absence of a collision of the vehicle 10) by the collision sensor 24.

<When no collision is detected>
At this time, the command signal for operating these is not output from the electronic control unit 21 to each actuator 53. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the short-circuit member 41 for each short-circuit mechanism 40 is set at a location separated from the connection terminals 45 to 47 along the extending direction of the connection terminals 45 to 47. It is made to wait at the standby position. In the standby position, the connecting portion 52 is located at a location where it contacts the common covering portion 48a. Moreover, it is located in the location which straddles the common coating | coated part 48a and the individual coating | coated part 48b in the state by which the clamping part 51 of each group was elastically deformed. In this way, each short-circuit member 41 contacts only the insulating connector 48 at the standby position and does not contact the connection terminals 45 to 47. Therefore, the short-circuit mechanism 40 has little influence on the characteristics of the electric circuit (see FIG. 2) of the PCU 14.

<When collision is detected>
At this time, a command signal for operating these is output from the electronic control unit 21 to each actuator 53. In response to this signal, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, each actuator 53 is operated to move the short-circuit member 41 for each short-circuit mechanism 40 from the standby position in the extending direction of the connection terminals 45 to 47. Thus, the short circuit position is reached. In the short-circuit position, each pair of sandwiching portions 51 comes into contact with the corresponding connection terminals 45 to 47 from both sides in the thickness direction by its own elastic restoring force. When this contact is made with respect to each pair of holding portions 51, each short-circuit member 41 is simultaneously brought into contact with the three connection terminals 45 to 47, and the three connection lines 42 to 44 are short-circuited (three Phase short circuit).

  On the other hand, as described above, MG1 and MG2 composed of a three-phase AC motor have characteristics that generate brake torque when the three phases are short-circuited (see characteristic line L3 in FIG. 5). Therefore, when a three-phase short circuit state is generated by the short circuit member 41 as described above, the brake torque acts on the MG1 and MG2, and the MG1 and MG2 stop rotating. Due to this rotation stop, MG1 and MG2 stop power generation, so that charges are not easily accumulated in the capacitors 31 and 37.

According to the first embodiment described in detail above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) The conductive short-circuit member 41 is provided, and the short-circuit member 41 is made to stand by at a standby position separated from the three connection lines 42 to 44 that connect the inverters 17 and 18 and MG1 and MG2. In some cases, a short-circuit mechanism 40 that moves the short-circuit member 41 to a short-circuit position that simultaneously contacts the connection lines 42 to 44 is provided (FIG. 2).

  Therefore, the three phases of MG1 and MG2 can be short-circuited without depending on the control of switching elements 38 and 39 in inverters 17 and 18. It is possible to stop the rotation of MG1 and MG2 to stop the power generation and to prevent the electric charges from being accumulated in the capacitors 31 and 37.

  Further, since each short-circuit mechanism 40 has a simple structure, it is possible to easily replace the short-circuit mechanism 40 by removing the short-circuit member 41 and the actuator 53 and attaching a new one.

  (2) The short-circuit position is set at a location where each short-circuit member 41 contacts the three connection terminals 45 to 47 connected to the inverters 17 and 18 (FIGS. 4A and 4B). Further, the standby position is set at a location approaching the connection terminals 45 to 47 (FIGS. 3A and 3B).

  As described above, among the three connection lines 42 to 44, the three connection terminals 45 to 47 that are clearly separated from each other in the state of being close to each other are targeted, and the contact point is set as the short-circuit position, and is separated from this. The place that has been set as the standby position. Therefore, it is easy to install the short-circuit mechanism 40, and even if each short-circuit member 41 does not have a complicated shape, the short-circuit member 41 is allowed to stand by at the standby position and contacted with the connection terminals 45 to 47 at the short-circuit position. it can.

  (3) The three connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted with the short-circuit member 41 extend in the same direction in a state of being separated from each other, and the standby position and the short-circuit position are set to the connection terminals 45 to 47. They are set at locations spaced apart from each other along the extending direction (FIGS. 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B).

  For this reason, each short-circuit member 41 can be moved from the standby position in the direction in which the connection terminals 45 to 47 extend to reach the short-circuit position, and can be brought into contact with the three connection terminals 45 to 47 simultaneously.

  (4) The three connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the respective short-circuit members 41 are covered with the insulating connector 48 at one end of each, and the standby position is set to the short-circuit member 41. Is set at a location that contacts only the connector 48 (FIGS. 3A and 3B).

  Therefore, in the standby position, it is possible to prevent each short-circuit member 41 from contacting the connection terminals 45 to 47. Further, since the position where each short-circuit member 41 contacts only the connector 48 is set as the standby position, each short-circuit mechanism 40 can be compactly installed at the standby position.

  (5) As each short-circuit member 41, a pair of holding portions 51 that form a pair is provided with the same number of sets (three sets) as the connection terminals 45 to 47. The clamping part 51 is made to contact from both sides (FIGS. 4A and 4B).

  Therefore, compared with the case where the short-circuit member 41 is brought into contact with each connection terminal 45 to 47 only from one side in the thickness direction, the contact of each short-circuit member 41 with respect to the connection terminals 45 to 47 can be accurately performed.

  (6) Each short-circuit member 41 is formed by bending a plate made of spring steel. At the short-circuit position, the short-circuit member 41 (holding portion 51) that tries to return to its original shape by elastic restoring force is connected to the connection terminal 45. ... To 47 are elastically contacted (FIGS. 4A and 4B).

Therefore, the phenomenon that the short-circuit member 41 is separated from the connection terminals 45 to 47 at the short-circuit position can be suppressed.
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the vehicle short-circuit device will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

  In the second embodiment, a short-circuit member 55 having a form different from that of the first embodiment is used. The three plate-like connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the short-circuit member 55 extend in the same direction while being separated from each other on the same plane P1.

  Each short-circuit member 55 has three base portions 56 that are parallel to the plane P1 in a state of being separated from each other, and a direction perpendicular to the plane P1 from between adjacent base portions 56 (downward in FIG. 7). Two projecting portions 57 projecting in the direction toward ˜47. The width W1 of each protrusion 57 is set to be approximately the same as the distance D1 between the adjacent connection terminals 45 to 47. Moreover, the protrusion length L4 from the base part 56 of each protrusion part 57 is set larger than the thickness T1 of each connection terminal 45-47. The short-circuit member 55 having the above configuration is formed by bending a conductive metal plate.

  The standby position and the short-circuit position are set at locations separated from each other along a direction orthogonal to the plane P1. As shown by a solid line in FIG. 7, the standby position is set at a location separated from the connection terminals 45 to 47 in the direction orthogonal to the plane P1. As shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 7, the short circuit position is such that each projecting portion 57 contacts the side surface 61 facing the adjacent connection terminal 45 to 47 among the connection terminals 45 to 47 and the base portion 56 is connected. It is set in the location which contacts the general surface 62 in alignment with the plane P1 among the terminals 45-47.

The short-circuit member 55 is drivingly connected to an actuator 53 that moves the short-circuit member 55 from the standby position in a direction orthogonal to the plane P1.
Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. For this reason, the same elements as those described in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

The short-circuit mechanism 40 operates as follows according to the detection result of the collision sensor 24 (the presence or absence of a collision of the vehicle 10).
When no collision is detected, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 7, each actuator 53 does not operate, and the short-circuit member 55 is set at a location separated from the connection terminals 45 to 47 along the direction orthogonal to the plane P <b> 1. It is made to wait at the standby position. Each base 56 of each short-circuit member 55 is parallel to each connection terminal 45 to 47. Therefore, each short-circuit mechanism 40 has little influence on the characteristics of the electric circuit (see FIG. 2) of the PCU 14.

  At the time of collision detection, each actuator 53 is operated to move each short-circuit member 55 from the standby position in a direction orthogonal to the plane P1, as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. In the process in which each short-circuit member 55 is moved from the standby position toward the short-circuit position, each protrusion 57 enters between the adjacent connection terminals 45 to 47 and contacts the side surface 61 of the connection terminals 45 to 47. When each short-circuit member 55 is moved to the short-circuit position, each base portion 56 comes into contact with the general surface 62 of the connection terminals 45 to 47, and the three connection lines 42 to 44 are short-circuited (three-phase short circuit). State).

Therefore, according to the second embodiment, in addition to the same effects as the above (1) and (2), the following effects can be obtained.
(7) The three connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the respective short-circuit members 55 extend in the same direction while being separated from each other on the same plane P1, and the standby position and the short-circuit position are set. And are set at locations separated from each other along the direction orthogonal to the plane P1 (FIG. 7).

  Therefore, each short-circuit member 55 can be moved from the standby position in a direction orthogonal to the plane P1 to reach the short-circuit position, and can be brought into contact with the three connection terminals 45 to 47 simultaneously.

  (8) As each short-circuit member 55, one having three base portions 56 arranged in a state of being separated from each other and two protrusion portions 57 protruding in a direction perpendicular to the plane P <b> 1 from between adjacent base portions 56 is used. (Fig. 7).

  Therefore, in the process of moving each short-circuit member 55 from the standby position to the short-circuit position, each protrusion 57 is inserted between the adjacent connection terminals 45 to 47 so that each protrusion 57 is connected to each connection terminal at the short-circuit position. The side surface 61 of 45-47 can be made to contact.

  (9) Each base 56 of each short-circuit member 55 is formed parallel to the plane P1. And in the short circuit position, each base 56 is made to contact the general surface 62 along the plane P1 in the connection terminals 45-47 (FIG. 7).

  Therefore, the reliability of contact of the short-circuit member 55 with respect to the connection terminals 45 to 47 can be increased as compared with the case where each short-circuit member 55 contacts the connection terminals 45 to 47 only at the protrusions 57.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the vehicle short-circuit device will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.
In the third embodiment, a short-circuit member 65 having a different form from that of the second embodiment is used. The three pieces of connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the short-circuit member 65 are each formed with a through hole 63 formed of a round hole.

  Each short-circuit member 65 is parallel to the plane P1 and extends in the direction in which the connection terminals 45 to 47 are arranged (each in the left-right direction in FIGS. 8 and 9). There are provided three pin portions 67 that project in a direction (downward in FIG. 9) that is orthogonal to the plane P <b> 1 from the locations separated in the arrangement direction and toward the connection terminals 45 to 47. Most of each pin portion 67 has a cylindrical shape having a diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of each through-hole 63. The distal end portion of each pin portion 67 is formed in a taper shape that decreases in diameter as it approaches the connection terminals 45 to 47.

Each short-circuit member 65 is drivingly connected to an actuator 53 that moves the short-circuit member 65 from the standby position in a direction orthogonal to the plane P1.
The configuration other than the above is the same as that of the second embodiment. For this reason, the same elements as those described in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  Each short-circuit mechanism 40 including the short-circuit member 65 and the actuator 53 is the second embodiment in terms of the contact mode of each short-circuit member 65 with respect to each connection terminal 45 to 47 when each short-circuit member 65 is moved to the short-circuit position. Is different.

  That is, when each short-circuit member 65 is moved from the standby position toward the short-circuit position, each pin portion 67 is inserted into the corresponding through hole 63 of the connection terminals 45 to 47. At this time, since the tip portion of each pin portion 67 is formed in a tapered shape, each pin portion 67 is easily inserted into the through hole 63. And in the short circuit position, each pin part 67 contacts the inner wall face of the through-hole 63.

Therefore, according to the third embodiment, the same effect as the above (1), (2), (7) can be obtained, and the following effect can be obtained instead of the above (8).
(10) As the three connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the respective short-circuit members 65, those having the through holes 63 are used. Each short-circuit member 65 includes a common base portion 66 and three pin portions 67 projecting toward the connection terminals 45 to 47 from locations spaced apart from each other in the arrangement direction of the connection terminals 45 to 47 in the base portion 66. A thing is used (FIG. 9).

  Therefore, in the process of moving each short-circuit member 65 from the standby position to the short-circuit position, each pin portion 67 is inserted into the through hole 63 of the corresponding connection terminal 45 to 47, and the outer peripheral surface of each pin portion 67 is inserted at the short-circuit position. The inner wall surface of the through hole 63 can be contacted.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the vehicle short-circuit device will be described with reference to FIGS. 10 and 11 (a) and 11 (b).

  In 4th Embodiment, the short circuit member 71 of the form different from 1st-3rd embodiment is used. The plate-like three connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the respective short-circuit members 71 are arranged on the same plane P1 in a state of being spaced apart from each other in parallel. The three connection terminals 45 to 47 extend in the same direction (downward in FIG. 10).

  Each short-circuit member 71 includes one base 72, three protrusions 73, and a bent portion 74 for each protrusion 73. The base 72 is disposed in parallel to the plane P1 at a location away from the connection terminals 45 to 47 in a direction orthogonal to the plane P1 (downward in FIGS. 11A and 11B). Each base 72 has a long shape extending along the arrangement direction of the connection terminals 45 to 47. Each projecting portion 73 projects from the base portion 72 in a direction orthogonal to the plane P1 and toward the connection terminals 45 to 47 (upward in FIGS. 11A and 11B). Each bent portion 74 extends in parallel to the base portion 72 from each protruding portion 73. The short-circuit member 71 having the above configuration is formed of a conductive metal plate material.

  The standby position and the short-circuit position are set at locations separated from each other along the arrangement direction. As shown in FIG. 11A, the standby position is set at a position where each protruding portion 73 is separated from the side surface 61 orthogonal to the plane P <b> 1 in the connection direction among the connection terminals 45 to 47. Moreover, as shown in FIG.11 (b), the short circuit position is set to the location where each protrusion 73 contacts the side surface 61 of each connection terminal 45-47.

Each short-circuit member 71 is drivingly connected to an actuator 53 that moves the short-circuit member 71 from the standby position in the arrangement direction.
Configurations other than those described above are the same as those in the first to third embodiments. For this reason, the same elements as those described in the first to third embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

Each of the short-circuit mechanisms 40 operates as follows according to the detection result of the collision sensor 24 (the presence or absence of a collision of the vehicle 10).
When no collision is detected, each actuator 53 does not operate, and each short-circuit member 71 is made to wait at the standby position as shown in FIG. In the standby position, the protruding portions 73 of the respective short-circuit members 71 are separated from the side surfaces 61 of the connection terminals 45 to 47 in the arrangement direction of the connection terminals 45 to 47. Therefore, the short-circuit mechanism 40 has little influence on the characteristics of the electric circuit (see FIG. 2) of the PCU 14.

  At the time of collision detection, each actuator 53 operates to move each short-circuit member 71 from the standby position in the arrangement direction of the connection terminals 45 to 47 as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11B. When each short-circuit member 71 is moved from the standby position to the short-circuit position, it contacts the side surface 61 of the corresponding connection terminal 45 to 47.

Therefore, according to the fourth embodiment, the same effects as the above (1) and (2) can be obtained, and the following effects can be obtained.
(11) Three connection terminals 45 to 47 to be contacted by the respective short-circuit members 71 are arranged on the same plane P1 in a state of being separated from each other, and the standby position and the short-circuit position are connected. The terminals 45 to 47 are set at locations separated from each other in the arrangement direction (FIGS. 11A and 11B).

Therefore, each short-circuit member 71 can be moved from the standby position in the arrangement direction to reach the short-circuit position, and can be brought into contact with the three connection terminals 45 to 47 simultaneously.
(12) As each short-circuit member 71, what is provided with the one base 72 and the three protrusions 73 which protrude in the direction orthogonal to the plane P1 from the location mutually spaced apart in the said array direction in the base 72 is used. (FIG. 11 (a), (b)).

  Therefore, in the standby position, each protrusion 73 can be separated from the side surface 61 of each connection terminal 45 to 47. Further, by moving each protrusion 73 from the standby position to the short-circuit position, the protrusion 73 can be brought into contact with the side surfaces 61 of the connection terminals 45 to 47 simultaneously.

In addition, said each embodiment can also be implemented as a modification which changed this as follows.
-In 3rd Embodiment, the whole of each pin part 67 may be formed in the column shape which has a uniform diameter. That is, the tapered portion at the tip may be omitted.

-In 3rd Embodiment, each connection terminal 45-47 may be formed thickly, and those through-holes 63 may be formed in the taper shape which diameter reduces as it distances from each short circuit member 65. FIG.
When each pin portion 67 is formed in a cylindrical shape having a uniform diameter, the diameter of each pin portion 67 is the inner diameter at the narrowest portion and the widest portion in the tapered through hole 63. It is desirable to set it to a size intermediate to the inner diameter of the. If it does in this way, each pin part 67 will contact the taper-shaped inner wall face of the corresponding through-hole 63 exactly.

  In the third embodiment in which the tip portion of each pin portion 67 is formed in a tapered shape and the through hole 63 has a uniform inner diameter, the inner diameter of the through hole 63 is the largest in the tapered portion of the pin portion 67. It is desirable that the size is set between the diameter at the narrow part and the diameter at the thickest part. If it does in this way, each pin part 67 will contact the taper-shaped inner wall face of the corresponding through-hole 63 exactly.

The tapered portion is not limited to the tip portion of the pin portion 67, and may be formed in a wide region in the length direction of the pin portion 67.
In the fourth embodiment, the bent portion 74 may be omitted from the short-circuit member 71.

  In each of the above embodiments, an actuator different from the solenoid may be used as the actuator that moves the short-circuit members 41, 55, 65, 71 from the standby position to the short-circuit position.

In each of the above embodiments, the short-circuit members 41, 55, 65, 71 may be moved from the standby position to the short-circuit position by using deformation of the vehicle 10 due to external force applied in the event of a collision or the like.
In each of the above embodiments, a location different from the ends of the connection lines 42 to 44, that is, an intermediate portion in the length direction is set as a short-circuit position, and the short-circuit members 41, 55, 65, 71 are brought into contact therewith. May be.

  In the above embodiments, when the short-circuit members 41, 55, 65, 71 are moved to the short-circuit position, they are brought into contact with the connection terminals 45-47 connected to the MG1, MG2 among the connection lines 42-44. Also good.

In each of the above embodiments, the converter 16 is not essential, and the output voltage from the power storage device 20 may be changed directly to the inverters 17 and 18.
In each of the above embodiments, the time when the collision of the vehicle 10 is detected by the collision sensor 24 is set as the time of abnormality detection, but the time when the vehicle collision is predicted may be set as the time of abnormality detection. The prediction of the collision is performed as follows, for example. The collision speed between the obstacle and the vehicle (relative speed between the obstacle and the host vehicle) and the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle are detected by the radar sensor. As the radar sensor, for example, a radar cruise millimeter wave radar or the like can be used. The pre-crash control device determines the possibility of collision based on these detection signals. The time when the collision is determined to be unavoidable by the pre-crash control device is regarded as an abnormality detection time.

The vehicle short-circuit device can be applied to a vehicle in which only one motor generator (MG) composed of a three-phase AC motor is used.
-The short circuit device for vehicles is applicable to vehicles, such as an electric vehicle and a fuel cell vehicle, besides a hybrid vehicle.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Vehicle, 17, 18 ... Inverter, 20 ... Power storage device, 31, 37 ... Capacitor, 32, 33, 38, 39 ... Switching element, 40 ... Short-circuit mechanism, 41, 55, 65, 71 ... Short-circuit member, 42, 43, 44 ... connecting wire, 45, 46, 47 ... connecting terminal, 48 ... connector, 56, 66, 72 ... base, 57, 73 ... projecting part, 61 ... side, 62 ... general surface, 63 ... through hole, 67 ... Pin part, MG1... First motor generator (three-phase AC motor), MG2. Second motor generator (three-phase AC motor), P1.

Claims (10)

A three-phase AC motor for generating travel driving force;
By controlling the switching element, the DC power from the power storage device is converted to AC power and output to the three-phase AC motor, and the AC power generated by the three-phase AC motor is converted to DC power to Applied to a vehicle comprising an inverter for charging a power storage device, and a capacitor provided between the power storage device and the inverter,
It has a conductive short-circuit member, and the short-circuit member is made to stand by at a standby position separated from three connection lines connecting the inverter and the three-phase AC motor. A vehicle short-circuit device provided with a short-circuit mechanism for moving to a short-circuit position that simultaneously contacts three connection lines. Each connection line is connected to the inverter and the three-phase AC motor at plate-like connection terminals provided at both ends of the connection line,
The short-circuit position is set at a location where the short-circuit member contacts one of three connection terminals connected to the inverter and three connection terminals connected to the three-phase AC motor,
The vehicle short-circuit device according to claim 1, wherein the standby position is set at a location close to the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member. The three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member extend in the same direction in a state of being separated from each other,
The vehicle short-circuit device according to claim 2, wherein the standby position and the short-circuit position are set at locations separated from each other along a direction in which the connection terminal extends. One end of each of the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member is covered with an insulating connector,
The short circuit device for a vehicle according to claim 3, wherein the standby position is set at a location where the short circuit member contacts only the connector. The three pieces of connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member extend in the same direction in a state of being separated from each other on the same plane,
The vehicle short-circuit device according to claim 2, wherein the standby position and the short-circuit position are set at locations separated from each other along a direction orthogonal to the plane. The short-circuit member protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the plane from the base portion arranged in a state of being separated from each other and between the adjacent base portions, and moves into the short-circuit position so as to enter between the adjacent connection terminals and connect each connection. The vehicle short-circuit device according to claim 5, further comprising a protruding portion that contacts a side surface facing the adjacent connection terminal among the terminals. The vehicle short-circuit device according to claim 6, wherein the base portion is formed in parallel to the plane, and is in contact with a general surface along the plane among the connection terminals at the short-circuit position. Each of the three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member has a through hole,
The short-circuit member is in contact with the inner wall surface of the through-hole with respect to the through-hole of each connection terminal by projecting in a direction orthogonal to the plane from the base and the base and being moved to the short-circuit position. The short circuit device for vehicles according to claim 5 provided with a pin part which penetrates in a state. The three connection terminals to be contacted by the short-circuit member are arranged on the same plane in a state of being separated from each other,
The short circuit device for vehicles according to claim 2, wherein the standby position and the short circuit position are set at locations separated from each other in the arrangement direction of the three pieces of the connection terminals. The short-circuit member protrudes in a direction perpendicular to the plane from the base, the base being located at a position spaced from the three connection terminals in a direction perpendicular to the plane, and in the standby position, the connection terminal The vehicle short-circuit device according to claim 9, further comprising: a protrusion that is spaced apart from a side surface orthogonal to the plane in the arrangement direction and that contacts the side surface at the short-circuit position.