JP2016009063A - Image forming apparatus, control method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus configured to prevent deterioration of developer and reduce preparation period (improve throughput of an image forming job) in a balanced manner, a control method and a program.SOLUTION: An image forming apparatus acquires a first value (N1) corresponding to consumption of toner stored in a housing of a developing unit, and a second value (N2) corresponding to cumulative operation time of a supply roller. When a division value (N2/N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) is less than a predetermined value, the supply roller is controlled so that operation time of the supply roller may be relatively longer. When the division value (N2/N1) is equal to or larger than the predetermined value, the supply roller is controlled so that the operation time of the supply roller may be relatively shorter.

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, a control method executed by the image forming apparatus, and a program installed in a computer of the image forming apparatus.

  In an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an image to be formed on a sheet is formed on the surface of a photosensitive drum. The electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image by supplying toner from a developing roller. Then, the toner image is transferred from the photosensitive drum to the paper, and the transferred toner image is fixed on the paper, thereby forming an image on the paper.

  The developing roller is provided in a developing device (developing unit). In the developing device, a toner is accommodated, and a rotating member that is rotated to frictionally charge the toner is provided. The frictionally charged toner is carried as a thin layer on the surface of the developing roller as the developing roller rotates. When the electrostatic latent image and the developing roller face each other due to the rotation of the photosensitive drum and the developing roller, the charged toner is transferred from the surface of the developing roller to the electrostatic latent image, and the electrostatic latent image is developed into the toner image.

  As the image is formed, toner is consumed, and the remaining amount of toner in the developing device decreases. If the remaining amount of toner is less than or equal to a predetermined amount, the quality of the image formed on the paper may be degraded, such as the image formed on the paper being faint. Further, the toner in the developing device deteriorates with the rotation of the developing roller and the rotating member. As toner deterioration progresses, the toner charge amount decreases, so the amount of toner transferred from the developing roller to the photosensitive drum decreases, and the quality of the image formed on the paper may decrease. Therefore, it has been proposed to output a notification for prompting the user to replace the developing device when the remaining amount of toner or the degree of deterioration reaches a reference.

  If the rotation of the developing roller and the rotating member is stopped during a period in which no image is formed on the paper, the deterioration of the toner due to the rotation can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to prevent the toner deterioration from progressing faster than the toner consumption in the developing unit, and when the toner remains in the developing unit, the degree of toner deterioration reaches the reference for replacement of the developing unit. Can be suppressed.

JP 2001-235985 A JP 2010-2667 A

  However, for example, after an image forming job (print job) is input to the image forming apparatus and image forming data is created based on the input image forming job, rotation of the developing roller and the rotating member is started. In the configuration, since the developing roller and the rotating member are not rotated during the period in which the image forming data is created, the charging of the toner by the rotation of the developing roller and the rotating member is completed from the start of the creation of the image forming data. The time will be longer. That is, the preparation period that must be waited from when the image forming job is input to when the image forming operation is started becomes longer, and the throughput of the image forming job is reduced. As in this example, if only the suppression of the deterioration of the developer is pursued, the preparation period necessary for starting the image formation becomes long, and the throughput of the image forming job may decrease.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an image forming apparatus, a control method, and a program capable of balancing the suppression of developer deterioration and the shortening of the preparation period (improving the throughput of an image forming job) in a balanced manner. .

  In order to achieve the above object, an image forming apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a photoconductor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developer container that contains a developer, and a developer container. A charging operation unit that operates to charge the developer stored therein, a developing unit that supplies the charged developer to the photosensitive member, and develops the electrostatic latent image into a developer image by the developer, and a charging operation And a control unit that controls the developing unit. The control unit includes a first value corresponding to the consumption amount of the developer stored in the developer storage unit and a second value corresponding to the cumulative operation time of the charging operation unit. When the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than the predetermined value (the developer consumption is large or the cumulative operation time is short), the third value is predetermined. Charging operation more than the value (consumption of developer is low or cumulative operation time is long) As the amount of operation increases, executes a control process for controlling the charging operation portion.

  According to this configuration, the first value corresponding to the consumption amount of the developer stored in the developer storage unit and the second value corresponding to the cumulative operation time of the charging operation unit are acquired.

  When the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than the predetermined value, that is, when the cumulative operation time of the charging operation unit is relatively small with respect to the developer consumption, the charging operation unit The charging operation unit is controlled so that the operation amount of the first and second operations becomes relatively large. Thereby, the charging of the developer can be completed quickly before the development operation by the developing unit is started. As a result, the preparation period before the start of the image forming job including the developing operation can be shortened, and the throughput of the image forming job can be improved. Further, when the cumulative operation time of the charging operation unit is relatively short, the degree of deterioration of the developer is small. Therefore, even if the charging operation unit is controlled so that the operation amount of the charging operation unit is relatively large, the degree of deterioration of the developer is less likely to reach the reference for replacement of the developer storage unit.

  On the contrary, when the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, that is, when the cumulative operation time of the charging operation unit is relatively long with respect to the consumption of the developer. The charging operation unit is controlled so that the operation amount of the charging operation unit is relatively small. Thereby, the deterioration of the developer can be suppressed.

  Therefore, it is possible to balance the suppression of the deterioration of the developer and the shortening of the preparation period in a balanced manner.

  When the third value is less than the predetermined value in the control process, the control unit charges the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit more than when the third value is the predetermined value or more. The operation of the operation unit may be started early.

  According to this configuration, when the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than the predetermined value, the operation of the charging operation unit is started earlier with respect to the input of the image forming job. The charging of the developer can be completed at an early stage. As a result, the preparation period before the start of the image forming job including the developing operation can be shortened.

  The image forming apparatus further includes a data processing unit that processes the image data. In the control process, when the third value is less than the predetermined value, the control unit determines that an execution command for the image forming job has been input. In response, the operation of the charging operation unit is started, and when the third value is equal to or larger than the predetermined value, the image forming job execution command is input and the image data related to the image forming job is processed by data processing. The operation of the charging operation unit may be started in response to being processed by the unit.

  According to this configuration, when the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than the predetermined value, the charging is performed with respect to the input of the image forming job more than when the third value is equal to or greater than the third value. Since the operation of the operation unit is started at an early stage, the charging of the developer can be completed at an early stage.

  When the third value is less than the predetermined value in the control process, the control unit charges the end of the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit more than when the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. You may stop operation | movement of an operation | movement part late.

  According to this configuration, when the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than the predetermined value, the operation of the charging operation unit is stopped late with respect to the end of the image forming job. The state in which the developer is charged can be maintained for a long time. As a result, the input of the next image forming job is often received while the developer is being charged. In this case, the image forming job can be executed immediately after the image forming job is input. As a result, the throughput of the image forming job can be further improved.

  In the control process, the control unit may increase the operating speed of the charging operation unit when the third value is less than the predetermined value than when the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value.

  According to this configuration, when the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than the predetermined value, the charging speed of the charging operation unit is increased, so that charging of the developer is completed early. Can be made. As a result, the preparation period before the start of the image forming job including the developing operation can be shortened.

  The image forming apparatus may further include a driving source that generates a driving force and a driving force transmission mechanism that transmits the driving force generated by the driving source to the charging operation unit and the developing unit.

  According to this configuration, since the drive source for the charging operation unit and the developing unit is common, the configuration for driving the charging operation unit and the developing unit is simple. As a result, the cost can be reduced and the degree of freedom in layout can be improved by simplifying the configuration.

  The control unit may execute the control process when the remaining amount of the developer stored in the developer storage unit is less than a predetermined amount.

  In a state where the remaining amount of developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion is a predetermined amount or more, the remaining amount of developer is sufficient and the deterioration of the developer has not progressed. It is not necessary to execute the control process for balancing the shortening of the preparation period with a good balance.

  The control unit may continue the operation of the charging operation unit during the execution of the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit.

  When an image formed by one image forming job covers a plurality of pages, the time interval from the end of image formation on one page to the start of image formation on the next page is short. Therefore, during the execution of the image forming job, by continuing the operation of the charging operation unit without stopping, the operation for image formation of each page is started early without greatly deteriorating the developer, The time required to execute the image forming job can be shortened.

  The image forming apparatus further includes an agitating member that agitates the developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion and feeds the developer toward the developing portion, and the controller is configured to maintain the remaining amount of the developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion. You may control operation | movement of a stirring member so that there are few, and the operation amount of a stirring member becomes large.

  According to this configuration, when the remaining amount of the developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion is small, the small amount of developer can be sent more to the developing portion by the operation of the stirring member. As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality (image fading) due to lack of developer.

  A photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image is formed, a developer container that contains developer, a charging operation unit that operates to charge the developer contained in the developer container, and charged development A developing unit that supplies the developer to the photosensitive member and develops the electrostatic latent image into a developer image by the developer, and a control unit that controls the charging operation unit and the developing unit. If the second value corresponding to the accumulated operation time of the charging operation unit and the second value corresponding to the consumption amount of the developer stored in the charging unit are greater than or equal to a predetermined time threshold, If the next image forming job is not input after the end of the image forming job including the developing operation, the charging operation unit is stopped, the second value is less than the time threshold value, and the first value is equal to or greater than the predetermined consumption threshold value. In some cases, after the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit is completed, Even when the image forming job is not input, the operation of the charging operation portion may be continued.

  According to this configuration, the first value corresponding to the consumption amount of the developer stored in the developer storage unit and the second value corresponding to the cumulative operation time of the charging operation unit are acquired.

  When the second value is equal to or greater than the predetermined time threshold, the charging operation unit is stopped when the next image forming job is not input after the image forming job is completed. Thereby, the deterioration of the developer can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, when the second value is less than the time threshold and the first value is equal to or greater than the predetermined consumption threshold, the charging is performed even when the next image forming job is not input after the image forming job is finished. The operation of the operation unit is continued. As a result, the input of the next image forming job can be received while the developer is being charged, and the image forming job can be immediately executed. As a result, the throughput of the image forming job can be improved.

  Therefore, it is possible to achieve both the suppression of the deterioration of the developer and the improvement of the throughput of the image forming job in a balanced manner.

  The present invention can be realized not only in the form of an image forming apparatus but also in the form of a control method executed by the image forming apparatus and a program installed in the computer of the image forming apparatus, for example. .

  According to the present invention, in the image forming apparatus, it is possible to achieve both the suppression of the deterioration of the developer and the improvement of the throughput of the image forming job in a balanced manner.

1 is a cross-sectional view of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the driving force transmission mechanism of the developing unit. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the image forming apparatus. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a control selection process. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of a normal control process. It is a flowchart (the 1) which shows the flow of a special control process. It is a flowchart (the 2) which shows the flow of a special control process. 6 is a graph showing a ratio of a roller rotation speed to a toner consumption amount. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the special control process which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the stop process which concerns on 3rd Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

<Mechanical configuration>

  As shown in FIG. 1, a laser printer 1 as an example of an image forming apparatus includes a main body casing 2.

  A cartridge attaching / detaching port 3 is formed on one side wall of the main body casing 2, and a front cover 4 for opening and closing the cartridge attaching / detaching port 3 is provided.

  In the following description, the side on which the front cover 4 is provided is the front side of the laser printer 1. With respect to the top, bottom, left and right of the laser printer 1, the laser printer 1 is viewed from the front side.

  A process cartridge 5 is mounted at a position slightly ahead of the center in the main casing 2. The process cartridge 5 is mounted in the main body casing 2 via the cartridge attaching / detaching port 3 with the front cover 4 opened, and is detached from the main body casing 2.

  The process cartridge 5 includes a drum cartridge 6 and a developing unit 7 that is detachably attached to the drum cartridge 6.

  The drum cartridge 6 includes a drum frame 8. A photosensitive drum 9 as an example of a photosensitive member is rotatably held at the rear end portion of the drum frame 8. The drum frame 8 holds a charger 10 and a transfer roller 11. The charger 10 and the transfer roller 11 are disposed above and below the photosensitive drum 9, respectively.

  A portion of the drum frame 8 in front of the photosensitive drum 9 is formed as a developing cartridge mounting portion 12. The developing unit 7 is mounted on the developing cartridge mounting portion 12.

  The developing unit 7 includes a housing 13 as an example of a developer storage unit that stores toner as an example of a developer. The toner is, for example, a nonmagnetic one-component toner. Inside the housing 13, a toner storage chamber 14 and a developing chamber 15 that are in communication with each other are formed adjacent to each other in the front-rear direction.

  In the toner storage chamber 14, an agitator 16 as an example of a charging operation unit and a stirring member is provided to be rotatable around an agitator rotating shaft 17 extending in the left-right direction. As the agitator 16 rotates, the toner stored in the toner storage chamber 14 is agitated and sent from the toner storage chamber 14 to the developing chamber 15.

  A developing roller 18 as an example of a developing unit is provided in the developing chamber 15 so as to be rotatable around a developing roller shaft 19 extending in the left-right direction. The developing roller 18 is disposed so that a part of the peripheral surface thereof is exposed from the rear end portion of the housing 13. The developing unit 7 is mounted on the drum cartridge 6 so that the peripheral surface of the developing roller 18 is in contact with the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 9.

  The developing chamber 15 is provided with a supply roller 20 as an example of a charging operation unit so as to be rotatable about a supply roller shaft 21 extending in the left-right direction. The supply roller 20 is disposed such that the peripheral surface thereof is in contact with the peripheral surface of the developing roller 18 from the front lower side. Due to the rotation of the supply roller 20, the toner enters between the peripheral surface of the developing roller 18 and the peripheral surface of the supply roller 20 and is charged positively by friction between them. The positively charged toner is carried on the peripheral surface of the developing roller 18 in a thin layer state.

  In the main body casing 2, an exposure device 22 including a laser or the like is disposed above the process cartridge 5.

  At the time of image formation, the photosensitive drum 9 is rotated at a constant speed clockwise as viewed from the left side. As the photosensitive drum 9 rotates, the peripheral surface (surface) of the photosensitive drum 9 is uniformly charged by the discharge from the charger 10. On the other hand, a laser beam is emitted from the exposure device 22 based on image data received from a personal computer (not shown) connected to the laser printer 1. The laser beam passes between the charger 10 and the developing unit 7 and is irradiated onto the circumferential surface of the uniformly positively charged photosensitive drum 9 to selectively expose the circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum 9. As a result, charges are selectively removed from the exposed portion of the photosensitive drum 9, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 9. When the electrostatic latent image faces the developing roller 18 by the rotation of the photosensitive drum 9, toner is supplied from the developing roller 18 to the electrostatic latent image. As a result, a toner image is formed on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 9.

  A paper feed cassette 23 that accommodates the paper P is disposed at the bottom of the main casing 2. A paper feed roller 24 for feeding paper from the paper feed cassette 23 is provided above the paper feed cassette 23.

  Further, a conveyance path 25 having an S-shape in side view is formed in the main body casing 2. The conveyance path 25 reaches from the paper feed cassette 23 to the paper discharge tray 26 formed on the upper surface of the main body casing 2 via the space between the photosensitive drum 9 and the transfer roller 11. The paper P sent out from the paper feed cassette 23 is transported along the transport path 25 between the photosensitive drum 9 and the transfer roller 11.

  The toner image on the circumferential surface of the photosensitive drum 9 is electrically attracted by the transfer roller 11 when the photosensitive drum 9 rotates and faces the paper P passing between the photosensitive drum 9 and the transfer roller 11. And transferred to the paper P.

  On the conveyance path 25, a fixing device 27 is provided on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the paper P with respect to the transfer roller 11. The paper P on which the toner image has been transferred is transported through the transport path 25 and passes through the fixing device 27. In the fixing device 27, the toner image becomes an image and is fixed on the paper P by heating and pressing. The sheet P on which the image is formed in this way is further transported through the transport path 25 and discharged onto the discharge tray 26.

<Development unit>

  A gear train 31 as an example of a driving force transmission mechanism that transmits a driving force for rotating the agitator 16, the developing roller 18, and the supply roller 20 is provided on the left outer surface of the housing 13 of the developing unit 7. . As shown in FIG. 2, the gear train 31 includes an input gear 32, a developing gear 33, a supply gear 34, an intermediate gear 35, and an agitator gear 36.

  The input gear 32 is provided to be rotatable around an input gear rotation shaft 37 extending in the left-right direction. The input gear rotation shaft 37 is held in the housing 13 so as not to rotate.

  The input gear 32 has a large-diameter gear portion 38 and a small-diameter gear portion 39 integrally.

  The large-diameter gear portion 38 is formed in a disc shape whose center axis coincides with the input gear rotation shaft 37. Gear teeth are formed on the peripheral surface of the large-diameter gear portion 38.

  The small-diameter gear portion 39 has a disk shape whose center axis coincides with the input gear rotation shaft 37 and has a smaller diameter than the large-diameter gear portion 38. Gear teeth are formed on the peripheral surface of the small-diameter gear portion 39.

  The developing gear 33 is attached to the developing roller shaft 19 so as not to be relatively rotatable. The developing roller shaft 19 is provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the housing 13. Gear teeth are formed on the peripheral surface of the developing gear 33. The gear teeth mesh with the gear teeth of the large-diameter gear portion 38 of the input gear 32.

  The supply gear 34 is attached to the supply roller shaft 21 so as not to be relatively rotatable. The supply roller shaft 21 is provided to be rotatable with respect to the housing 13. Gear teeth are formed on the peripheral surface of the supply gear 34. The gear teeth mesh with the gear teeth of the large-diameter gear portion 38 of the input gear 32.

  The intermediate gear 35 is disposed on the front upper side of the input gear 32. The intermediate gear 35 is provided to be rotatable about the central axis of the intermediate gear rotation shaft 40 extending in the left-right direction. The intermediate gear rotation shaft 40 is held by the housing 13 so as not to rotate. Gear teeth are formed on the circumferential surface of the intermediate gear 35 over the entire circumference. The gear teeth mesh with the gear teeth of the small diameter gear portion 39 of the input gear 32.

  The agitator gear 36 is attached to the agitator rotating shaft 17 so as not to be relatively rotatable. The agitator rotating shaft 17 is rotatably held by the housing 13. Gear teeth are formed on the peripheral surface of the agitator gear 36. The gear teeth mesh with the gear teeth of the intermediate gear 35.

  In the main body casing 2, a motor M is provided as an example of a drive source that generates a drive force for rotating the agitator 16, the developing roller 18, and the supply roller 20. The driving force generated by the motor M is input to the input gear 32 and rotates the input gear 32. The rotation (driving force) of the input gear 32 is transmitted from the large diameter gear portion 38 of the input gear 32 to the developing gear 33 and the supply gear 34. As a result, the developing gear 33 rotates, and the developing roller 18 and the developing roller shaft 19 rotate integrally with the developing gear 33. Further, the supply gear 34 rotates in the same direction as the developing gear 33, and the supply roller 20 and the supply roller shaft 21 rotate integrally with the supply gear 34. As a result, the peripheral surface of the developing roller 18 and the peripheral surface of the supply roller 20 move in directions opposite to each other at their contact portions. The rotation of the input gear 32 is transmitted from the small-diameter gear portion 39 of the input gear 32 to the intermediate gear 35 and from the intermediate gear 35 to the agitator gear 36. As a result, the agitator gear 36 rotates in the opposite direction to the developing gear 33 and the supply gear 34, and the agitator 16 and the agitator rotating shaft 17 rotate integrally with the agitator gear 36.

<Electrical configuration>

  As shown in FIG. 3, the laser printer 1 includes a communication interface (I / F) 51, an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) 52, a ROM 53, a RAM 54, and an NVRAM 55.

  The communication interface 51 is an interface for communication with an external device such as a PC (personal computer) 100 connected to a LAN (Local Area Network). The communication method may be a wireless communication method or a wired communication method.

  Image data transmitted from an external device is input to the ASIC 52 via the communication interface 51. Further, the ASIC 52 is connected to each part of the laser printer 1 such as the motor M as a control target.

  The ASIC 52 includes a CPU 56 as an example of a control unit and a data processing unit. The CPU 56 stores image data input to the ASIC 52 in the RAM 54. In addition, the CPU 56 controls the operation of each unit of the laser printer 1 by executing programs for various processes based on signals input to the ASIC 52, and controls communication via the communication interface 51. . Further, for example, every time a print job to be described later is executed, the CPU 56 acquires the accumulated toner consumption amount after the development unit 7 is replaced, and stores it in the NVRAM 55. The toner consumption amount is calculated using, for example, the toner amount used for printing one dot and the number of printing dots. Further, for example, every time a print job is executed, the CPU 56 acquires the cumulative rotation speed of the developing roller 18 after the development unit 7 is replaced, and stores it in the NVRAM 55, for example.

  The ROM 53 stores programs executed by the CPU 56 and various data.

  The RAM 54 is used as a work area when the CPU 56 executes a program.

<Print job processing>

  While the laser printer 1 is powered on, the ASIC CPU repeatedly executes the print job process shown in FIG.

  In the print job processing, the CPU 56 determines whether or not the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 (housing 13) shown in FIG. 1 is less than a predetermined amount, for example, half of the initial amount ( S1). The remaining amount of toner is calculated by subtracting the accumulated toner consumption amount stored in the NVRAM 55 from the initial toner amount of the developing unit 7.

  When the remaining amount of toner is equal to or greater than the predetermined amount (S1: NO), the CPU 56 executes normal control processing (S2). The normal control process is a print job process that does not perform the “rolling” control according to the remaining amount of toner and the degree of toner deterioration. Details of the normal control process will be described later.

  Curling is a preparatory operation for image formation, and the agitator 16, the developing roller 18 and the supply roller 20 of the developing unit 7 are rotated to stir and charge the toner contained in the housing 13. Thus, the charged toner is carried on the surface of the developing roller 18.

  When the remaining amount of toner is less than the predetermined amount (S1: YES), the CPU 56 executes a special control process (S3). The special control process is a print job process for performing “garbage rotation” control in accordance with the remaining amount of toner and the degree of toner deterioration. Details of the special control process will be described later.

<Normal control processing>

  The flow of normal control processing executed in step S2 of FIG. 4 is shown in FIG.

  In the normal control process, the CPU 56 determines whether a print job execution command has been input to the ASIC 52 (S201). The print job is a job for forming (printing) one or a plurality of pages of images on the paper P. For example, the print job execution command may be input from the PC 100 to the ASIC 52 through the communication interface 51 together with the print job, or after the print job transmitted from the PC 100 is input to the ASIC 52, the user instructs the laser printer 1. It may be input by operating a provided operation unit (not shown).

When the print job execution command is input (S201: YES), the CPU 56 determines whether or not the print job is being rotated (S202).

  When the curling is being performed (S202: YES), the CPU 56 stops the curling (S203). Thereafter, the CPU 56 determines whether or not the development of the image data that is the target of the print job into the RAM 54 has been completed (S204).

  If the development of the image data has not been completed (S204: NO), the CPU 56 waits for the completion. When the development of the image data is completed (S204: YES), the CPU 56 starts turning (S205). When a predetermined wrapping time has elapsed since the start of wrapping, the CPU 56 determines that wrapping before the image forming operation has been completed (S206: YES). Thereafter, the CPU 56 executes an operation (image forming operation) for forming an image related to the image data developed in the RAM 54 on the paper P (S207).

  When the image forming operation is completed, the CPU 56 determines whether or not printing of all pages included in the print job being executed has been completed (S208).

  If printing of all pages included in the print job being executed has not been completed (S208: NO), the CPU 56 executes the image forming operation for printing the next page again (S207).

  When printing of all pages included in the print job being executed is completed (S208: YES), the CPU 56 determines that the print job is completed, and a predetermined time (for example, from the end of the print job to the completion of paper discharge) It is determined whether or not (5 seconds) has elapsed (S209).

  When a predetermined time elapses after the print job ends (S209: YES), the CPU 56 stops turning (S211) and ends the normal control process.

  Until a predetermined time elapses after the print job ends (S209: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a new print job execution command has been input without stopping the curling (S210). ). When a new print job execution command is input (S210: YES), the CPU 56 executes the processing after step S202 described above.

  When the print job execution command is input, if no curling is performed (S202: NO), the CPU 56 executes the process of step S204 described above.

<Special control processing>

  The flow of the special control process executed in step S3 in FIG. 4 is shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.

  In the special control process, the CPU 56 determines whether a print job execution command has been input to the ASIC 52 (S301).

  When a print job execution command is input (S301: YES), the CPU 56 acquires the cumulative toner consumption stored in the NVRAM 55 as the first value (N1) (S302).

  Further, the CPU 56 obtains the cumulative rotation speed of the developing roller 18 stored in the NVRAM 55 as the second value (N2) (S303). In the laser printer 1 of the present embodiment, the developing roller 18, the supply roller 20, and the agitator 16 rotate in conjunction with each other. Therefore, the cumulative rotational speed of the developing roller 18 is synonymous with the cumulative operation time of the supply roller 20 and the agitator 16. It is.

  Thereafter, the CPU 56 determines whether or not it is turning (S304).

  If the rotation is in progress (S304: YES), the CPU 56 calculates a division value (N2 / N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1). It is determined whether it is less than a predetermined value (S305). The division value (N2 / N1) is an example of a third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value (N2) to the first value (N1).

  If the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is less than or equal to a predetermined remaining amount threshold value, the quality of the image formed on the paper P may be degraded, such as the image formed on the paper P being faint. Further, if the toner deteriorates due to the rotation of the agitator 16, the developing roller 18, and the supply roller 20, and the deterioration of the toner proceeds, the quality of the image formed on the paper may be deteriorated. For this reason, when the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is less than or equal to a predetermined remaining amount threshold value, or when the cumulative number of rotations of the developing roller 18 reaches a predetermined rotation number threshold value, the developing unit 7 is It is desirable to replace it with a new one. The predetermined value used in the determination in step S305 is the rotation speed threshold for the consumption upper limit value, with the cumulative toner consumption amount until the remaining amount of toner accommodated in the housing 13 reaches the remaining amount threshold value. The ratio is set.

  Therefore, as shown by a solid line in FIG. 7, when the division value (N2 / N1) is less than a predetermined value, the laser printer 1 frequently performs character printing with a relatively small amount of toner consumption. If the normal control process shown in FIG. 5 is continued, it is assumed that the replacement time of the developing unit 7 is reached when the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 falls below the remaining amount threshold value. . On the other hand, when the division value (N2 / N1) is larger than the predetermined value, the laser printer 1 frequently performs image printing that consumes a relatively large amount of toner, and the normal control process shown in FIG. 5 is continued. If the cumulative rotation speed of the developing roller 18 exceeds the rotation speed threshold, it is assumed that the replacement time of the developing unit 7 is reached.

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value (S305: YES), the CPU 56 determines whether or not the development of the image data that is the target of the print job is completed in the RAM 54 (S307).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or larger than the predetermined value (S305: NO), the CPU 56 stops turning (S306), and the development of the image data to be printed on the RAM 54 is completed. It is determined whether or not there is (S307).

  If the development of the image data has not been completed (S307: NO), the CPU 56 waits for the completion.

  When the development of the image data is completed (S307: YES), when the paper is being rotated (S308: YES), the CPU 56 removes the paper before the image forming operation when a predetermined rotation time elapses from the start of the rotation. It is determined that the rotation has been completed (S310: YES).

  When the development of the image data is completed (S307: YES) and not being curled (S308: NO), the CPU 56 starts curling (S309), and when a predetermined curling time has elapsed from the start of curling. Then, it is determined that the curling before the image forming operation is completed (S310: YES).

  After determining that the curling before the image forming operation is completed, the CPU 56 executes an image forming operation for printing the image data developed in the RAM 54 (S311).

  When the image forming operation is completed, the CPU 56 determines whether or not printing of all pages included in the print job being executed has been completed (S312).

  If printing of all pages included in the print job being executed has not been completed (S312: NO), the CPU 56 executes the image forming operation for printing the next page again (S311).

  When printing of all pages included in the print job being executed is completed (S312: YES), the CPU 56 divides the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) (N2). / N1) is calculated, and it is determined whether or not the division value is less than a predetermined value (S313).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value (S313: YES), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a first time (for example, 10 seconds) has elapsed since the print job ended (S314). ).

  When the first time has elapsed from the end of the print job (S314: YES), the CPU 56 stops turning (S315) and ends the special control process.

  Until the first time elapses after the print job ends (S314: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a new print job execution command has been input without stopping the curling (S314: NO). S316). When a new print job execution command is input (S316: YES), the CPU 56 executes the processing from step S302 described above.

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or larger than the predetermined value (S313: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a second time (for example, 5 seconds) shorter than the first time has elapsed since the print job ended. Is determined (S317).

  When the second time has elapsed from the end of the print job (S317: YES), the CPU 56 stops turning (S315) and ends the special control process.

  Until the second time elapses after the print job ends (S317: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a new print job execution command has been input without stopping the curling ( S318). When a new print job execution command is input (S318: YES), the CPU 56 executes the processing from step S302 described above.

  When the print job execution command is input, if no curling is performed (S304: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not the division value (N2 / N1) is less than a predetermined value. (S319).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value (S319: YES), the CPU 56 starts turning without waiting for completion of the development of the image data (S320).

  If the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S319: NO), the CPU 56 waits for the completion of the development of the image data that is the target of the print job to the RAM 54, and the development of the image data is completed. (S307: YES), it is determined whether or not the curling is being performed (S308). If the curling is not being performed (S308: NO), the CPU 56 starts the curling (S311).

  When a predetermined wrapping time has elapsed from the start of wrapping, the CPU 56 determines that wrapping before the image forming operation has been completed (S310: YES). Then, the CPU 56 executes the processes after step S311 described above.

  During the execution of the special control process, when the remaining amount of toner accommodated in the developing unit 7 has reached a predetermined remaining amount threshold value, or the cumulative rotation number of the developing roller 18 has reached a predetermined rotation number threshold value. In this case, for example, the CPU 56 turns on a toner empty lamp provided in the operation unit of the laser printer 1 to notify that it is time to replace the developing unit 7.

<Effect>

  As described above, in the special control process, the first value (N1) corresponding to the consumption amount of the toner stored in the developing unit 7 and the second value (N2) corresponding to the cumulative operation time of the supply roller 20 Is acquired.

  When the division value (N2 / N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) is less than a predetermined value, that is, the cumulative operation time of the supply roller 20 with respect to the toner consumption amount. When the number is relatively small, the operation of the supply roller 20 is controlled so that the operation time of the supply roller 20 becomes relatively long. That is, when the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value, the CPU 56 starts the operation of the supply roller 20 in response to the input of the print job execution command. Thereby, the charging of the toner can be completed quickly before the developing operation by the developing roller 18 is started. As a result, the preparation period before the start of the print job (image forming job) including the developing operation can be shortened, and the print job throughput can be improved. Further, when the cumulative operation time of the supply roller 20 is relatively short, the degree of toner deterioration is small. For this reason, even if the operation of the supply roller 20 during the winding is controlled so that the operation time of the supply roller 20 is relatively long, the possibility that the degree of toner deterioration reaches the reference for replacement of the developing unit 7 is small.

  On the contrary, when the divided value (N2 / N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) is equal to or larger than a predetermined value, that is, the supply roller with respect to the toner consumption amount. When the cumulative operation time of 20 is relatively long, the operation of the supply roller 20 in the curling is controlled so that the operation time of the supply roller 20 is relatively short. That is, when the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or larger than the predetermined value, after the execution command of the print job is input and the image data related to the print job is developed in the RAM 54, the supply roller 20 Start operation. Thereby, deterioration of the toner can be suppressed.

  Therefore, it is possible to achieve both balance between suppression of toner deterioration and shortening of the preparation period.

  In addition, when the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value, the CPU 56 ends the print job including the developing operation by the developing unit 7 as compared with the case where the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. In contrast, the operation of the supply roller 20 is stopped late. That is, when the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value, the CPU 56 stops the operation of the supply roller 20 at the first time when the first time has elapsed from the end of the print job, and the division value ( If N2 / N1) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value, the operation of the supply roller 20 is stopped at a second time when a second time shorter than the first time has elapsed since the end of the print job.

  As a result, when the divided value (N2 / N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) is less than a predetermined value, the supply roller 20 performs the end of the print job. By stopping the operation late, the charged state of the toner can be maintained for a long time. As a result, the next print job is frequently input while the toner is being charged. In this case, the print job can be executed immediately after the print job is input. As a result, the throughput of the print job can be further improved.

  The laser printer 1 includes a motor M that generates a driving force, and a gear train 31 that transmits the driving force generated by the motor M to the developing roller 18 and the supply roller 20.

  Thereby, since the driving source of the developing roller 18 and the supply roller 20 is common, the configuration for driving the developing roller 18 and the supply roller 20 is simple. As a result, the cost can be reduced and the degree of freedom in layout can be improved by simplifying the configuration.

  The special control process is executed when the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is less than a predetermined amount.

  When the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount, the remaining amount of toner is sufficient and toner deterioration has not progressed. It is not necessary to execute a special control process for achieving both in a balanced manner.

  The CPU 56 continues the operation of the supply roller 20 during the execution of the print job including the developing operation by the developing roller 18.

  When an image formed by one print job covers a plurality of pages, the time interval from the end of printing of one page to the start of printing of the next page is short. For this reason, during the execution of the print job, the operation of the supply roller 20 is continued without stopping, so that the operation for printing each page is started early without greatly deteriorating the toner. The time required for execution can be shortened.

<Second Embodiment>

  When the configuration in which the developing roller 18 and the supply roller 20 are driven independently of each other is adopted, the special control process shown in FIG. 8 may be executed in step S3 of FIG.

  In the special control process shown in FIG. 8, the CPU 56 determines whether a print job execution command has been input to the ASIC 52 (S501).

  When the print job execution command is input (S501: YES), the CPU 56 determines whether or not the printing job is being rotated (S502).

  In the case where the rotation is in progress (S502: YES), the CPU 56 determines whether the division value (N2 / N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) is less than a predetermined value. It is determined whether or not (S503).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value (S503: YES), the CPU 56 sets the rotation speed of the supply roller 20 in the scooping to a first speed higher than normal (S504).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or larger than the predetermined value (S503: NO), the CPU 56 stops the curling (S505), and then starts the feeding roller in the curling for the next curling. The rotational speed of 20 is set to the second speed, which is a normal speed (S511).

  Then, the CPU 56 determines whether or not the image data that is the target of the print job has been developed in the RAM 54 (S507).

  If the development of the image data has not been completed (S507: NO), the CPU 56 waits for the completion. When the development of the image data is completed (S507: YES), when the paper is being rotated (S508: YES), the CPU 56 removes the paper before the image forming operation after a predetermined rotation time has elapsed since the start of the rotation. It is determined that the rotation has been completed (S509: YES).

  When the development of the image data is completed (S507: YES) and not being curled (S508: NO), the CPU 56 starts curling (S510), and when a predetermined curling time has elapsed from the start of curling. Then, it is determined that the curling before the image forming operation is completed (S509: YES).

  After determining that the curling before the image forming operation is completed, the CPU 56 executes the processing after step S311 shown in FIG. 6B described above. When a new job execution command is input in step S316 (S316: YES), and when a new job execution command is input in step S318 (S318: YES), the processing after step S502 described above is performed. Execute.

  When the print job execution command is input, if no curling is performed (S502: NO), the CPU 56 obtains the second value (N2) by dividing it by the first value (N1). It is determined whether the division value (N2 / N1) is less than a predetermined value (S513).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value (S513: YES), the CPU 56 sets the rotation speed of the supply roller 20 in the scooping to the first speed higher than usual so that the scooping ends quickly. After setting (S514), the curling is started (S515).

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S513: NO), the CPU 56 sets the rotation speed of the supply roller 20 in the scooping to the normal speed for the next starting scooping. The second speed is set (S516).

  Then, the CPU 56 determines whether or not the image data that is the target of the print job has been developed in the RAM 54 (S507). If the development of the image data has not been completed (S507: NO), the CPU 56 waits for the completion. Then, when the development of the image data is completed (S507: YES), the processing after step S508 described above is executed.

<Effect>

  When the division value (N2 / N1) is less than the predetermined value, the CPU 56 increases the rotation speed of the supply roller 20 as compared with the case where the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value.

  Thereby, when the division value (N2 / N1) obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1) is less than a predetermined value, the rotation speed of the supply roller 20 is increased, The charging of the toner can be completed at an early stage. As a result, the preparation period before the start of the print job including the developing operation can be shortened.

<Third Embodiment>

  In the first embodiment, when the division value (N2 / N1) is less than a predetermined value, after the print job is finished, a new print job execution command is not input and the first time elapses. It was assumed that the rattling was stopped. If the division value (N2 / N1) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, a second time shorter than the first time has elapsed after the print job has ended without entering a new print job execution command. Then, it was said that the spinning was stopped. Alternatively, the stop process shown in FIG. 9 may be executed after the print job is completed.

  In the stop process shown in FIG. 9, the CPU 56 determines whether or not the second value (N2) is equal to or greater than a predetermined time threshold (S601).

  If the second value (N2) is equal to or greater than the time threshold (S601: YES), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a new print job execution command has been input (S602).

  If a new print job execution command has not been input (S602: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the end of the print job (S603).

  If a new print job execution command is input before the predetermined time has elapsed from the end of the print job (S602: YES), the CPU 56 continues the curling without stopping the curling, End the termination process.

  If a predetermined time has passed without a new print job execution command being input after the print job has ended (S603: YES), the CPU 56 stops turning (S604) and ends the end process. To do. Thereby, deterioration of the toner can be suppressed.

  On the other hand, when the second value (N2) is less than the time threshold value (S601: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not the first value (N1) is equal to or greater than a predetermined consumption threshold value (S605). .

  When the first value (N1) is equal to or greater than the consumption threshold (S605: YES), the CPU 56 ends the end process while continuing the curling without stopping the curling. Therefore, the next print job can be input while the toner is being charged, and the print job can be immediately executed. As a result, the throughput of the print job can be improved.

  If the first value (N1) is less than the consumption threshold (S605: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a new print job execution command has been input (S602). And the process after the above-mentioned step S603 is performed. That is, if a new print job execution command has not been input (S602: NO), the CPU 56 determines whether or not a predetermined time has elapsed since the end of the print job (S603). If a new print job execution command is input before the predetermined time has elapsed from the end of the print job (S602: YES), the CPU 56 continues the curling without stopping the curling, End the termination process.

  Therefore, it is possible to balance the suppression of toner deterioration and the improvement of the throughput of a print job in a balanced manner.

<Modification>

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention can also be implemented with another form.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value (N2) to the first value (N1) is obtained by dividing the second value (N2) by the first value (N1). The division value (N2 / N1) is used, but another value, for example, the second value for the first value (N1), corresponds to the ratio of the second value (N2) to the first value (N1). A value expressing the ratio of (N2) in percentage may be used as the third value.

  Further, as an example of the developer, the non-magnetic one-component toner is taken up, but the developer may be a two-component toner including a toner and a carrier. In this case, the toner and the carrier are agitated by the rotation of the agitator 16 to charge the toner.

  In the first embodiment described above, in the normal control process, after the development of the image data is completed, the CPU 56 completes the wrapping before the image forming operation when a predetermined wrapping time has elapsed from the start of the wrapping. However, the turning time may be changed dynamically. For example, when the curling is being performed in step S202, the curling time may be set shorter than when the curling is not being performed. If the toner is being swept in step S202, the toner accommodated in the housing 13 has been charged to some extent. Therefore, even if the swirling time is shortened after the development of the image data is completed, Charge is made sufficiently.

  In the first embodiment described above, in step S310 of the special control process, the CPU 56 determines that the curling before the image forming operation has been completed when a predetermined curving time has elapsed since the start of the curling. The turning time may be dynamically changed. For example, when the division value (N2 / N1) is less than a predetermined value in step S305 or step S319, the CPU 56 increases the amount of time for which the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is smaller. You may make it set to. Thus, under specific conditions, the CPU 56 controls the operation of the agitator 16 so that the operation time of the agitator 16 increases as the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 decreases. Thereby, when the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is small, the small amount of toner can be sent to the developing roller 18 by the operation of the agitator 16. As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration in image quality (image fading) due to toner shortage.

  Similarly, in step S314 of the special control process in the first embodiment described above, the CPU 56 may set the first time to a longer time as the remaining amount of toner stored in the developing unit 7 is smaller. Good. The function and effect are the same as described above.

  In addition, various design changes can be made to the above-described configuration within the scope of the matters described in the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laser printer 7 Developing unit 9 Photosensitive drum 16 Agitator 18 Developing roller 20 Supply roller 31 Gear train 54 RAM
55 CPU
M motor

Claims (12)

A photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed;
A developer accommodating portion for accommodating the developer;
A charging operation unit that operates to charge the developer contained in the developer containing unit;
A developing unit that supplies a charged developer to the photosensitive member and develops the electrostatic latent image into a developer image by the developer;
A controller that controls the charging operation unit and the developing unit;
The controller is
Obtaining a first value corresponding to a consumption amount of developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion and a second value corresponding to an accumulated operation time of the charging operation portion;
When the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than a predetermined value, the operation amount of the charging operation unit is larger than when the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. An image forming apparatus that executes control processing for controlling the charging operation unit. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.
The control unit, in the control process,
When the third value is less than the predetermined value, the charging operation unit is more sensitive to input of an image forming job including a developing operation by the developing unit than when the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. Image forming apparatus which starts the operation of The image forming apparatus according to claim 2.
A data processing unit for processing image data;
The control unit, in the control process,
When the third value is less than the predetermined value, in response to the execution command of the image forming job being input, the operation of the charging operation unit is started,
When the third value is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the image processing job is input after the execution command of the image forming job is input and in response to the processing of the image data related to the image forming job by the data processing unit. An image forming apparatus for starting the operation of the charging operation unit. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1,
The control unit, in the control process,
When the third value is less than the predetermined value, the charging operation unit is more sensitive to the end of the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit than when the third value is not less than the predetermined value. An image forming apparatus that stops the operation of the apparatus late. In the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The control unit, in the control process,
The image forming apparatus, wherein when the third value is less than the predetermined value, the operation speed of the charging operation unit is increased as compared with the case where the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. In the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A driving source for generating a driving force;
An image forming apparatus, further comprising: a driving force transmission mechanism that transmits a driving force generated by the driving source to the charging operation unit and the developing unit. In the image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The controller is
An image forming apparatus that executes the control process when a remaining amount of developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion is less than a predetermined amount. The image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The controller is
An image forming apparatus that continues the operation of the charging operation unit during execution of an image forming job including a developing operation by the developing unit. The image forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
A stirring member that feeds the developer contained in the developer containing portion toward the developing portion while stirring;
The controller is
An image forming apparatus that controls the operation of the stirring member so that the operation amount of the stirring member increases as the remaining amount of the developer stored in the developer storage portion decreases. A photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed;
A developer accommodating portion for accommodating the developer;
A charging operation unit that operates to charge the developer contained in the developer containing unit;
A developing unit that supplies a charged developer to the photosensitive member and develops the electrostatic latent image into a developer image by the developer;
A controller that controls the charging operation unit and the developing unit;
The controller is
Obtaining a first value corresponding to a consumption amount of developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion and a second value corresponding to an accumulated operation time of the charging operation portion;
When the second value is equal to or greater than a predetermined time threshold, when the next image forming job is not input after the end of the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit, the charging operation unit is stopped,
When the second value is less than the time threshold value and the first value is greater than or equal to a predetermined consumption threshold value, the next image forming job is input after the end of the image forming job including the developing operation by the developing unit. An image forming apparatus that continues the operation of the charging operation unit even when the charging operation is not performed. A photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed;
A developer accommodating portion for accommodating the developer;
A charging operation unit that operates to charge the developer contained in the developer containing unit;
A control method executed by an image forming apparatus including: a charged developer supplied to the photosensitive member; and a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image into a developer image by the developer,
Obtaining a first value corresponding to the remaining amount of developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion and a second value corresponding to the cumulative operation time of the charging operation portion;
When the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than a predetermined value, the operation amount of the charging operation unit is larger than when the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. A control method for controlling the charging operation unit. A photoreceptor on which an electrostatic latent image is formed;
A developer accommodating portion for accommodating the developer;
A charging operation unit that operates to charge the developer contained in the developer containing unit;
A program installed in a computer of an image forming apparatus including a charged developer supplied to the photoreceptor and a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image into a developer image by the developer;
In the computer,
Obtaining a first value corresponding to the remaining amount of developer accommodated in the developer accommodating portion and a second value corresponding to the cumulative operation time of the charging operation portion;
When the third value corresponding to the ratio of the second value to the first value is less than a predetermined value, the operation amount of the charging operation unit is larger than when the third value is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. A program for executing a control process for controlling the charging operation unit.

Images