JP2015530525A - Method of manufacturing an assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to techniques for manufacturing large fiber reinforced structural elements (208), and more particularly to techniques for securing bolt fasteners or bolts (10) within fiber reinforced structural elements.

Description

  The present invention relates generally to techniques for manufacturing large fiber reinforced structural elements, and more particularly to techniques for securing bolt fasteners or bolts within fiber reinforced structural elements.

  In the context of the present invention, the term fiber reinforced structural element refers to structural elements reinforced with glass fibers, carbon fibers or Kevlar fibers made from resin materials such as polyester, vinyl ester, phenol, epoxy or polyurethane, etc. Interpreted as a generic term (generic term) that includes any structural element made from a resin- or plastic-based material reinforced with fibers. Furthermore, the structural elements themselves may constitute load bearing elements or supporting elements, for example, building structural elements, facade elements, bridges, wind turbine components, deck components, etc. is there.

  In the context of the present invention, the terms bolt fastener, bolt and fixture include, for example, bolts, bolt shafts, nuts, hooks, pins with male threads, restraining elements (eg, press-fit or snap-fit closure elements), etc. Said bolt fastener, one that serves the purpose of cooperating with another fixing element (eg matching or mating fixing element) to fix the structural element that supports the bolt or fixture, a fixture including female threads, a protrusion It should be construed as a generic term (generic term) that includes any element, such as a differently configured body that includes a male thread or a female thread for receiving a bolt thread.

  Within the industry, the use of fiber reinforced structural elements has increased rapidly in recent decades, inspired by the successful use of such elements, essentially in the windmill industry. Apart from windmill components such as windmill blades, fiber reinforced structural elements have been successful in the home and shipbuilding industries, as well as in several technical fields where metal structures have been used previously. As an example in the chemical industry or in the galvanizing and zinc coating industries, conventional metal structures tend to have a much shorter life due to the effects of excessive corrosion, while including containers, stairs, support elements, etc. Fiber reinforced structural elements can withstand exposure to corrosive atmospheres without degradation or destruction over any substantial range.

  Examples of techniques for securing structural elements and various components within the structural elements are described in the following referenced patent applications and patent documents, which are hereby incorporated by reference. The cited references are European Patent No. 0170886, European Patent No. 1147553, U.S. Patent No. 4892462, U.S. Pat.No. 4,339,230, U.S. Pat. Specification, French Published Patent No. 2670956, U.S. Patent No. 5664820, U.S. Patent No. 373073, U.S. Patent No. 7377725, British Patent Application No. 2119472, and Germany Including published Patent No. 19625426.

  Techniques for embedding and securing bolt fasteners, bolts and / or fixtures within fiber reinforced elements impose certain problems, particularly as long as the proper and precise location of the bolt fasteners, bolts or fixtures is concerned Applicants understand that there is. While conventional techniques involve simply positioning bolt fasteners, bolts or fasteners into fiber reinforced structural elements that are to be machined, extruded and pulled out during the manufacturing process, this conventional simple The technique is a prerequisite for the bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings to be positioned with the requisite accuracy required in the industry and for further commercial use of fiber reinforced techniques for the manufacture of structural elements. Applicants have suggested that this is not possible.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention and Means for Solving the Problems

  It is an object of the present invention to provide an accuracy that is acceptable in a given location or location in industries including house building, ship building and windmill industries (eg, ± 1 mm variation in the location of specific bolts, bolt fixtures or fixtures, To provide a novel technique that allows a bolt, bolt fixture or fixture to be simply and accurately positioned within a fiber reinforced structural element, with even less variation, such as ± 0.5 mm) It is.

  A feature of the present invention is that the novel technique according to the present invention improves the transmission of forces and impacts to and from fiber reinforced structural elements through bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings. Enabling and thereby reducing the size of the fiber reinforced structure, i.e. reducing the weight of the fiber reinforced structure or alternatively reducing the material used for the fiber reinforced structure element Is to make it possible.

  A further feature of the present invention is that the method and technique according to the present invention allows a bolt fastener, bolt or fixture to be located in a specific location and secured within a fiber reinforced structural element within a sturdy, high load bearing casing. Is to make it possible.

  A particular advantage of the present invention is that the new technique for positioning and securing a bolt fixture, bolt or fixture within a fiber reinforced structural element provides a high load bearing casing for positioning the bolt fixture, bolt or fixture. Bolt fasteners, bolts or fixtures in a specific geometric configuration or shape that can be used and produced by specially constructing a high load bearing casing that supports the bolt fixtures, bolts or fixtures Is easy to position.

  In connection with known bolt fixture assemblies and bolt assemblies comprising a core, a bolt or bolt fixture attached to the core, and a casing of fiber reinforced material covering the core and bolt or bolt fixture, the core and bolt or The Applicant notes that very strong stresses are produced at the outermost radial contact surface with the bolt fixture. Therefore, it is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel technique for manufacturing a fiber reinforced bolt fastener assembly with increased structural strength at the point of highest stress.

  Further, Applicant is a manufacturer of bolt fastener assemblies or bolt assemblies for a wide variety of applications in several different industries, some of which are described above. Often, each different application requires a large number of bolt fastener assemblies that form a fixation assembly with a unique shape in order to fit a particular profile of the fiber reinforced structural element that will receive the bolt fixture, e.g. Wind turbine generator wings may require a fixed assembly having a wing shape. Such non-standard shapes necessitate frequent replacement of very expensive extruder heads and the like. Therefore, it is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel technique for allowing a specific non-standard fixed assembly to be constructed using multiple standard assemblies.

The above object, the above features and the above advantages, together with a number of other objects, advantages and features which will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, in a fiber reinforced structural element according to the first aspect of the invention. Obtained by a method of manufacturing an assembly for use. This method
i) providing an elongated core element;
Wherein the elongated core element is made from an inner core made of a first material and a second material that is a fiber reinforced material surrounding the inner core and compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element. The elongate core element has an end, the end has a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape, and the end exposes the inner core Defining a central end surface and a peripheral end surface surrounding the central end surface and exposing the cover;
ii) providing a bolt fixture or bolt with an end recess having a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape;
Wherein the end recess coincides with the end of the elongated core element;
iii) manufacturing a subassembly by placing an end of the core element in the bolt fastener or bolt end recess, and centering the bolt fixture or bolt end recess;
iv) pulling the subassembly through a puller, coating the periphery of the subassembly with reinforcing fibers and resin, and providing the casing with the resin surrounding the subassembly with the reinforcing fibers By fixing and fixing the bolt fasteners or bolts to the ends of the core elements in the drawing process by heating and curing, or by adhering to the casing manufactured in a separate drawing process. Fixing step;
v) machining a surrounding subassembly within the casing of the reinforcing fiber and cured resin to provide an assembly comprising the elongated core element and the bolt fastener or bolt. .

  The assembly may be a bolt fixture assembly or a bolt assembly and is typically used to connect a fiber reinforced structural element to another structural element, for example, a fiber reinforced wing to a wind generator hub. . According to the basic teachings of the present invention, the elongated core element comprises an inner core, preferably composed of a flexible and lightweight material, which is composed of a fiber reinforced material, preferably made in a drawing process. Pre-positioned in the cover. Individual bolt fasteners or bolts are positioned within the casing within the bolt fastener assembly or bolt assembly. The assembly itself consists of an elongated core element that is precisely positioned relative to the bolt fixture or bolt and is secured to the bolt fixture or bolt in a drawing process in a separate manufacturing process step. Alternatively, the casing may be a separate part that is bonded to the elongated core element and the bolt or bolt fixture in a separate step. The casing and cover are preferably both composed of the same second material that is a fiber reinforced material. As described in more detail below, by using a drawing process to manufacture a bolt fixture, bolt or fixture assembly, the bolt fixture, bolt or fixture assembly is moved into the final fiber reinforced structural element. It can be manufactured in a specific metering configuration that facilitates or guarantees the intentional positioning of individual bolt fasteners, bolts or fixtures. Due to the drawing process used to secure the bolt fastener, bolt or fixture to the core element within the individual bolt fixture, bolt or fixture assembly by manufacturing the bolt fixture, bolt or fixture assembly The required load bearing capacity of the individual bolt fixtures, bolts or fixtures is also ensured. Further, the assembly is generally preferably matched and thereby within the corresponding cavity of the fiber reinforced element using a resin that is matched to achieve a strong bond between the assembly and the fiber reinforced element. Molded.

  For example, the inner core element may be pre-fabricated by casting, machining, etc. from a material that is compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, as well as the material used for the inner core, as well as the casing of the subassembly. Means that the fibers and resins used in the drawing process are mechanically, structurally and chemically compatible with the material of the fiber-reinforced structural element. The bolt fastener assembly or bolt assembly should be manufactured from a material that is compatible with the casing and inner core, and in addition should exhibit improved strength and load bearing capabilities. Advantageously, the same material may be used for the manufacture of the bolt fastener assembly or bolt assembly as well as the rest of the fiber reinforced structural element.

  Provided that a non-pre-molded inner core element is used, the method according to the present invention preferably includes the step of providing a continuous elongated inner core element body. The cover may then preferably be applied in a separate drawing process, so that the resulting elongated core element can be cut to an appropriate length and machined to present a conical end. The length of the elongated core element should be sufficient to allow greater contact with the structural element and the interface.

  Since the load bearing properties of the elongated core element are provided in most parts of the cover, the conical shape at the end of the elongated core element may be a partial cone, such as a truncated cone. Thus, the central end face can be substantially flat. As a result, the inner surface of the bolt fastener or bolt end recess should contact the peripheral end surface so that any bending force applied to the subassembly will be absorbed by the cover rather than the inner core. It is understood that the peripheral end surface also constitutes the end surface of the cover. Therefore, the outermost radial contact surface between the elongated core and the bolt or bolt fixture, which is the place where the stress is highest, is located at the peripheral end surface, and therefore the high stress that the cover applies to the outermost radial contact surface. Makes it possible to absorb.

  A technique for centering and mounting a single bolt fixture or bolt on one end of an elongated core element, such as a fixture in which the elongated core element is configured to receive a bolt fixture or bolt, etc. It can be easily achieved on condition that it is configured to include a conical end. In this context, the terms bolt fixture and bolt are otherwise configured to include the shaft of the bolt itself, a fitting that includes a female thread, or a female thread for receiving a protruding male thread or bolt thread. It should be understood that it is used as a general term (general term) including elements such as a body. The bolt fastener or bolt has a conical recess that corresponds to or coincides with the conical end of the elongated core, so that the bolt fastener of the bolt is centered and received in a stable and reliable manner at the conical end. Can be.

  The subassembly, understood to include the elongate core and bolt or bolt fixture, is guided through a drawing process as described above to permanently fix the elongate core and bolt or bolt fixture.

  According to a further embodiment of the first aspect, the end defines an axial distance and a radial distance, the axial distance being less than the radial distance. By using an end that defines an axial distance that is greater than the radial distance, the conical end assumes a flat shape by using a partial conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape, for example. become. Thus, the inner core is less exposed compared to using a large axial distance that, on the other hand, becomes very fragile, with a very sharp angle at the outermost axial position of the core.

  According to a further embodiment of the first embodiment, the first material is softer and / or lighter than the second material, and the first material is preferably balsa or foamed PU (Polyurethane), foamed polymer material such as foamed PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or foamed PE (polyethylene). In order to reduce the weight of the assembly, the first material of the inner core should preferably be lightweight. Since the structural strength of the assembly, ie in particular the transmission of load forces between the bolt or bolt fixture and the structural element, is performed by the cover and the casing, the second material may also be flexible. A common material that meets the above requirements and that is compatible with many fibers and resins is balsa.

The above object, the above features and the above advantages, together with a number of other objects, advantages and features which will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, in a fiber reinforced structural element according to the second aspect of the invention. Obtained by a method of manufacturing a fixed assembly for use. This method
i) providing an elongated core element made of a material compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a fiber reinforced material, more preferably a material made by drawing;
Wherein the core element has an end for attaching and fixing a bolt fixture or bolt;
ii) providing a bolt fixture or bolt for securing the structural element to another structural element;
iii) manufacturing a subassembly by attaching the bolt fastener or bolt to the end of the core element;
iv) pulling the subassembly through a puller, coating the periphery of the subassembly with reinforcing fibers and resin, and providing the casing with the resin surrounding the subassembly with the reinforcing fibers By heating and curing the resin, fixing the bolt fastener or bolt to the end of the core element in the drawing process, or alternatively by bonding to a casing manufactured in a separate drawing process Fixing the subassembly; and
v) manufacturing the first assembly including the core element and the bolt fastener or bolt by machining the subassembly surrounded by a casing made of the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin. When,
Wherein the first assembly defines a first convex surface along its longitudinal axis;
vi) repeating steps i) to v) above to produce a second assembly defining a second convex surface along its longitudinal axis;
vii) manufacturing a spacer made of a material compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a sturdy material, more preferably a fiber reinforced material, most preferably a material made by drawing;
Here, the spacer has a first concave surface corresponding to the first convex surface of the first assembly, and a second concave surface corresponding to the second convex surface of the second assembly,
viii) so that the first concave surface is in contact with the first convex surface, preferably adhering, and the second concave surface is in contact with the second convex surface, preferably in adhering. Manufacturing a stationary assembly by positioning the spacer between the first assembly and the second assembly, preferably by gluing.

  A method of manufacturing a stationary assembly according to the second aspect includes manufacturing at least two assemblies. Each assembly may preferably be manufactured by using the method according to the first aspect, but alternatively an integral core made entirely of fiber reinforced material or a softer and lighter material May be used. Techniques for centering and attaching a single bolt fixture or bolt on one end of the elongate core element can be readily accomplished as described above in connection with the first aspect.

  The first assembly is preferably made with a standardized shape including at least one convex surface that extends in the entire axial direction of the assembly and a portion of the circumferential distance of the assembly. Preferably, the first assembly and the second assembly include only convex surfaces, for example, a cylindrical shape, or a similar shape, for example, a shape having a cross section of a circle, an ellipse, a square, a polygon, or a combination thereof. Including. Preferably any concave surface on the assembly is avoided. Concave surfaces typically include protruding edges that are less durable and more fragile than convex or round surfaces, and therefore, the fixed assemblies, i.e., load bearing parts of the first and second assemblies, have a concave surface. Should be avoided.

  Such assemblies described above (first assembly and second assembly) may preferably be made in a continuous process as described in connection with the first aspect. Thereby, a large number of assemblies can be manufactured. Thus, the second assembly can be manufactured in the same continuous process as the first assembly.

  The spacer may be made from any rigid material that is capable of filling the space between the two assemblies (the first assembly and the second assembly). Thus, the spacer will have a respective concave surface coinciding with the convex surface of the assembly. Preferably, strong and lightweight materials such as plastic materials or fiber reinforced materials are used. The concave surface of the spacer should correspond to the respective convex surface of the first assembly and the second assembly, i.e. the concave surface and the convex surface should coincide at least in a substantial part in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. The spacer does not contain any bolts or bolt fasteners and can therefore be very rigid. Furthermore, since the spacer is non-bearing, it is unlikely to experience excessive loading forces comparable to the forces that follow the load-bearing first and second assemblies. Still further, even if the spacer suffers limited stress-related damage, this is not critical because the spacer is not itself load bearing.

  By diversifying the shape of the spacers, it is possible to produce a fixed assembly having a shape that is entirely accidental. By combining several assemblies with the same shape and spacers with different shapes, the final fixed assembly shape is optionally selected to accommodate, for example, the windfoil type of a wind turbine blade be able to.

  To accept and center a bolt fixture or bolt having a conical or partly conical end recess, such as a truncated cone shape, coincident with the end, the end is a truncated cone shape, etc. It is further contemplated that it can be machined into a conical or partially conical shape.

  In the context of the present invention, the expression “bolt fixture” should be understood as including a fixture comprising a hole or screw shaft. Alternatively, the bolt fixture may comprise a plurality of holes and a plurality of screw shafts. The bolt fastener is preferably made from steel or any other extremely rigid material.

  According to a further embodiment of the second aspect, the convex surface and the concave surface define an arc. By defining the convex and concave surfaces as arcs in the transverse direction, the bolt fixture assembly and spacer allow the user to define multiple different angles between the spacer and the bolt fixture assembly. And can have a common center of rotation that allows the contact surface between the bolt fixture and the spacer to shift.

  According to a further embodiment of the second aspect, the method repeats steps i) to v) above to produce a third assembly that defines a third convex surface along its longitudinal axis. The spacer further comprises a third concave surface corresponding to the third convex surface of the third assembly, and the step viii) contacts the third convex surface with the third convex surface. Providing, preferably gluing, providing the first assembly, the second assembly, and the third assembly in a triangular configuration within the securing assembly.

  The fixation assembly is not limited to a “2D” structure. In fact, as described above, the use of spacers having any shape makes the shape of the fixation assembly accidental. Preferably, a spacer having three concave surfaces is contemplated where a layered “3D” or box structure is desired. Even more complex spacers with four, five, six or more surfaces are possible.

The above objectives, features and advantages described above, together with numerous other objectives, advantages and features which will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, provide a fiber reinforced structural element according to the third aspect of the invention. Obtained by a method of manufacturing the above fiber reinforced structural element comprising a plurality of bolt fasteners or bolts for fixing to another structural element. The method includes manufacturing a fixation assembly according to the second aspect;
ix) positioning the fixation assembly according to the intended position of the fixation assembly in the final structural element;
and x) producing the fiber reinforced structural element comprising the securing assembly by extrusion, drawing or fiber reinforced manufacturing techniques.

  The fixation assembly is typically joined to the fiber reinforced structural element by fiber reinforcement techniques such as molding. By using a polymer material (resin or plastic) that is the same or at least compatible with the fixing assembly for the fiber reinforced structural element, a very strong bond can be achieved.

  According to further embodiments of any of the aforementioned aspects, step i) of providing an elongated core element comprises cutting the elongated core element from the continuous elongated core element body, the continuous elongated core element body comprising: Preferably, it has a circular cross-sectional configuration.

  As mentioned above, the elongated core element may be cut from a continuous elongated core element body, preferably having a circular cross-sectional configuration, in order to achieve a robust and robust assembly.

  According to a further embodiment of any of the aforementioned aspects, the elongate core element has a respective bolt fixture or respective end for receiving a bolt, and the steps ii) to iv) include two A step of attaching and fixing a bolt fixture or bolt to each end of the core element of the subassembly, wherein step v) is surrounded by a casing of the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin; Machining the subassembly into two halves, each comprising the assembly.

  It is contemplated that a plurality of such bolt fastener assemblies are withdrawn one after the other and then cut to use two continuous bolt fasteners or bolt elements as described above. Preferably, a small block corresponding to the width of the cut is placed between the bolt fixtures or bolts to avoid damage to the bolt fixtures or bolts.

  According to a further embodiment of any of the aforementioned aspects, the casing produced in step iv) has a circular, square, polygonal or elliptical cross-sectional configuration, preferably a circular cross-sectional configuration.

  A circular cross-section is most common because it allows a very simple extrusion head and a finished product with excellent stiffness. Alternatively, an elliptical cross-section or other unusual cross-section may be used, for example to include additional bolts or bolt fasteners, ie holes or screw rods, within the same assembly.

  According to a further embodiment of any of the aforementioned aspects, step v) further comprises machining the casing to a circular or elliptical cross-sectional configuration, preferably a circular cross-sectional configuration.

  Circular or elliptical cross-sections can also be achieved by machining the casing in a separate step after the casing is manufactured.

  According to further embodiments of any of the foregoing aspects, step v) machining the assembly such that the bolt fastener or the opposite end face portion of the bolt defines an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the assembly. Including the steps of:

  If the bolt fixture or the opposite end face portion of the bolt is flat, i.e., defines an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis instead of being parallel to the longitudinal axis, the total surface area of the assembly will increase. . This makes it possible to improve the joint between the fixing assembly and the structural element.

  According to further embodiments of any of the aforementioned aspects, the bolt fastener or bolt has a corrugated outer surface.

  By using the corrugated outer surface of the bolt or bolt fixture, the fixation between the bolt fixture or bolt and the casing will be improved in the longitudinal direction compared to a completely smooth outer surface.

The above object, the above features and the above advantages, together with a number of other objects, advantages and features which will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, are provided in the fiber reinforced structural element according to the fourth aspect of the present invention. Obtained by a fixed assembly for use. This fixing assembly is
Comprising a first assembly and a second assembly;
Each of the first assembly and the second assembly is:
An elongated core element made of a material having an end and compatible with a fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a fiber reinforced material, more preferably a material made by drawing;
A bolt fixture or bolt for securing the structural element to another structural element;
Including
The bolt fixing device or bolt is attached and fixed to an end of the core element, and the elongated core and the bolt fixing device or bolt are covered with a casing made of a reinforcing fiber and a cured resin so as to surround the periphery.
The first assembly and the second assembly each define a first convex surface and a second convex surface along their respective longitudinal axes;
Also comprising a spacer made of a material compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a sturdy material, more preferably a fiber reinforced material, most preferably a material made by pulling,
The spacer is
A first concave surface corresponding to the first convex surface of the first assembly, and a second concave surface corresponding to the second convex surface of the second assembly,
A first bolt fixture assembly, such that the first concave surface is in contact with, preferably adheres to, the first convex surface, and the second concave surface is in contact with, preferably, the second convex surface; Positioned between and preferably glued to the second bolt fastener assembly.

  The fixation assembly according to the fourth aspect is preferably manufactured using the method according to the second aspect.

  The above objects, features and advantages described above, together with numerous other objects, advantages and features which will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, are extruded, drawn or fiber according to the fifth aspect of the invention. Obtained by a fiber reinforced structural element manufactured in a reinforced manufacturing technique. The fiber reinforced structural element comprises a fixation assembly according to a fourth side positioned within the structural element.

  The fixation assembly according to the fifth aspect is preferably manufactured using the method according to the third aspect.

The above object, the above features and the above advantages, together with a number of other objects, advantages and features which will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, in a fiber reinforced structural element according to the sixth aspect of the invention. Obtained by assembly for use. This assembly is
An elongate core element comprising an inner core made of a first material and a cover made from a second material that is a fiber reinforced material surrounding the inner core and compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element ,
The elongated core element has an end, the end has a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated conical shape, and the end is a center where the inner core is exposed. Defining an end face and a peripheral end face surrounding the central end face and exposing the cover;
In addition, a bolt fixture or bolt for fixing the structural element to another structural element,
The bolt fixture or bolt has a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape, with an end recess that coincides with the end of the elongated core element;
The end of the core element is placed in the end recess of the bolt fixture or bolt, and is positioned centrally relative to the end recess of the bolt fixture or bolt;
The elongated core and the bolt fixture or bolt are covered with a shape reinforcing fiber and a casing of a cured resin so as to be surrounded.

  The fixation assembly according to the sixth aspect is preferably manufactured using the method according to the first aspect.

  The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an assembly from which two bolt fasteners, bolts or fixture assemblies are manufactured; FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view illustrating a first step of a method of manufacturing the assembly shown in FIG. 1 including machining the drawn body into a plurality of core elements. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a second step of the method of manufacturing the assembly shown in FIG. 1, including attaching a bolt fastener to the opposite end of the core element manufactured in the step shown in FIG. As shown in the right hand portion of FIG. 4, the third step of the method of manufacturing the assembly shown in FIG. 1 comprises the step of providing a body from which the assembly shown in FIG. It is the whole general | schematic perspective view shown. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the steps of cutting the assembly shown in the right hand portion of FIGS. 1 and 4 into two bolt fastener assemblies. FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a bolt fastener assembly manufactured from the assembly shown in FIG. 1 and the assembly shown in FIG. The purpose of the bolt fastener assembly shown in Figures 5 and 6 for the manufacture of key fiber reinforced structures such as windmill elements, bridge parts, building elements, etc., where the bolt fasteners are positioned along an arc. It is the schematic which shows application. FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view similar to the view of FIG. 7 showing a slightly modified embodiment of a bolt fastener assembly used in the manufacture of fiber reinforced elements, where the bolt fastener is positioned along a linear track. . FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a section of a structural element manufactured from the assembly shown in FIG. 8, showing the fixation of the fiber reinforced structural element to the I-beam with bolts and knots. FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing the fixation of a fiber reinforced structural element manufactured from the assembly shown in FIG. 7 with a bolt fixture positioned along an arc. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view showing one of three alternative embodiments for improving the fixation of a bolt fixture in a drawing process. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view showing one of three alternative embodiments for improving the fixation of a bolt fixture in a drawing process. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view showing one of three alternative embodiments for improving the fixation of a bolt fixture in a drawing process. It is a schematic perspective view which shows a separation element. It is a schematic perspective view which shows use of the separation element in a drawing-out process. FIG. 5 is an overall schematic perspective view similar to the view of FIG. 4 illustrating a method of manufacturing a presently preferred assembly having a square cross-sectional configuration. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view showing a differently configured bolt fixture that is secured within the withdrawal end casing. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view showing a differently configured bolt fixture that is secured within the withdrawal end casing. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view of two adjacent parts of an assembly from which two assemblies having protruding bolt pins from their ends are manufactured. FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view similar to the view of FIG. 15 of a further embodiment of an assembly according to the present invention in which a fixture is embedded in the drawing casing to create an internal thread in the drawing casing. FIG. 16 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view similar to the view of FIG. 15 of a further embodiment of an assembly according to the present invention in which a fixture is embedded in the drawing casing to create an internal thread in the drawing casing. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view of a further application of the assembly according to the invention used as a roller of a roller belt. FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a differently constructed assembly manufactured according to the method as shown in FIG. 13 and molded into an H-beam configuration. FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the use of a technique for manufacturing a load bearing assembly according to the teachings of the present invention for use as a load sensor. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an electronic circuit of a load sensor portion of the assembly shown in FIG. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of the assembly shown in FIG. 19 as, for example, a load bearing sensor in a bridge. FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating different applications of a load support assembly including parallel links to the PC-based measurement station shown in FIG. 19 in the bridge. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of an assembly according to the present invention configured as an insulator for a high voltage cable. FIG. 24 is a schematic perspective view showing intentional application of the insulator shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view similar to the view of FIG. 3, showing components of a further embodiment of a bolt fastener assembly or subassembly of a presently preferred embodiment of a bolt assembly according to the present invention. FIG. 25B is a vertical sectional view of the subassembly shown in FIG. 25A. FIG. 25B is a perspective view similar to the view of FIG. 25A, showing the subassembly of FIGS. 25A and 25B with the components joined together. FIG. 26B is a vertical cross-sectional view similar to the view of FIG. 25B of the subassembly shown in FIG. 26A. FIG. 27B is a perspective view similar to the view of FIGS. 25A and 26A of a presently preferred embodiment of a bolt fastener assembly or bolt assembly according to the present invention. FIG. 27B is a vertical cross-sectional view of the bolt fixture assembly or bolt assembly shown in FIG. 27A. FIG. 27B is a perspective view of the bolt fixture assembly or bolt assembly shown in FIG. 27A after being cut as shown in FIG. FIG. 28B is a vertical cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 28A. FIG. 28B is a vertical cross-sectional view of the assembly shown in FIG. 28B with a threaded rod secured thereto. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fixation assembly including a plurality of bolt fastener assemblies and a concave spacer. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a curved fixation assembly including a plurality of bolt fastener assemblies and a concave spacer. FIG. 6 is a top view of a curved fixation assembly. FIG. 6 is a top view of a linear fixation assembly. FIG. 4 is a top view of a box-shaped fixation assembly. FIG. 6 is a top view of a fixation assembly including a plurality of elliptical bolt fastener assemblies and a concave spacer. It is a perspective view of a wind power generator. FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a joint between a hub and a blade of the wind power generator of FIG.

  The present invention constitutes an improvement and improvement of the techniques described in the referenced European Patent Nos. 1 467 253 and US 7377725.

  According to the method of manufacturing an assembly including a bolt fixture of bolts for use in a fiber reinforced structural element, the core element is first manufactured. The core element may be manufactured from any related material including plastic-based materials, wood or metal materials, or composite materials that are compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, i.e. the material of the core element is a technique of the present invention. Like all other materials used in accordance with the rest of the materials, i.e. they do not react with each other in the chemical process and are mechanically bondable or connectable, i.e. They are joined together and preferably may exhibit substantially the same mechanical properties as far as expansion coefficient and mechanical strength such as tear and shear strength are concerned. According to the presently preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, preferably a drawn core body as shown in FIG. 2 is used.

  In FIG. 2, the drawing machine is designated by the reference numeral 30 in its entirety, and from its output a drawing rod 32, ie a polyester, vinyl ester, in which reinforcing fibers such as glass fiber, carbon fiber or Kevlar fiber are embedded. Alternatively, a rod having a cylindrical cross-section made of a resin such as phenol or epoxy resin is supplied. The draw bar or body 32 is cut into individual elements by a cutter schematically shown as a saw 34, one of which is designated by reference numeral 12. At opposite ends of the body or rod 12, a conical end is generated by a machining device such as the cutter 36 schematically shown in FIG. The cutter 36 generates conical end portions designated by reference numeral 20 at opposite ends of the core body 12.

  In a further step of the method of manufacturing the assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1, bolt fixtures 22 are positioned at opposite ends of the core element 20, as shown in FIG.

  Like the core element 12, the bolt fixture 22 preferably comprises a cylindrical cross-sectional configuration with a conical recess 20 ′ configured at one end to coincide with the conical end 20 of the core element 12. As shown in the lower left part of FIG. 3, each of the bolt fixing members 22 further communicates with the conical recess 20 ′, communicates with the narrow central cylindrical hole portion 25, and the outside, and has a screw shaft. A through hole is provided that defines a wider cavity 24 that is intended to cooperate with 28. When the bolt fastener may consist of a generally conical configuration, for example, tapering from one end to the other, for example from the outer end to the inner end, or from the inner end to the outer end The bolt fixture may be configured differently. Alternatively, the bolt fixture 22 may be provided with an outward pulling flange. Further alternatively, the bolt fastener may have a differently configured through hole in which the screw hole communicates with the conical recess without an intermediate narrow cylindrical hole. Still alternatively, the screw holes may be omitted when the bolt fixture can be provided as a fixture having an outwardly drawn screw shaft that constitutes the bolt.

  By providing a conical recess 20 ′ for each of the cooperating conical end and bolt fixture 22, the bolt fixture 22 is cylindrical due to the cooperation between the conical end 20 and the conical recess 20 ′. Self-centering and self-aligning features are obtained because the bolt fixture 22 tends to be maintained in an intentionally aligned orientation that forms a continuous cylinder with the center of the core element 12. It is done.

  The sub-assembly comprising the core body and the two bolt fasteners 22 shown in FIG. 3 is introduced into an extraction device 40 comprising a receiving section 46, as shown in FIG. Together with the constituting sub-assemblies, together with the web of fiber reinforced material, it is introduced into the receiving section 46 of the drawing device 40. The web is shown in the left hand portion of FIG. 4, two of which are designated with reference numerals 42 and 44. Resin heating in which string 48, including aligned subassemblies, surrounded by fiber reinforced material, from receiving compartment 46 is in communication with resin applicator and resin reservoir 52 to supply resin thereto It is introduced into the curing device 50. The output die of the device 50 is designated by the reference numeral 54 and results in a specially configured forming of the drawn string 56 fed from the die 54 of the device 50, the string 56 being the drawn string of the device 50. It is introduced into a drawer device 58 for drawing out from 54.

  From the drawer 58, the string 56 is fed to a cutter 60, which separates the string 56 into separate compartments that make up the assembly 10 also shown in FIG. This is because the cutting of the string 56 into multiple compartments or assembly 10 is synchronized with the subassembly comprising the core body 12 provided with an end covering the bolt fixture 20 entering the inlet end of the extraction device 40. It is to be done. In an alternative process of manufacturing the subassembly from which the assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured, the bolt fixture 20 and the core element 12 are preferably manufactured by drawing to form a casing 26 as described above. It is fixed by being adhered to. It is contemplated that the fixing by adhering to the casing 26 produced by drawing and the technique of fixing the bolt fixture 22 and the core element 12 to the casing by the drawing process are equally technical in nature.

  In FIG. 1, the core element 12 is shown with a bolt fixture 22, which discloses a screw hole 24 that communicates with a hole 25, further tapering the core element 12. A conical end 20 is disclosed.

  In FIG. 1, the outer casing produced in the drawing process described above with reference to FIG. 4 is also disclosed, and the casing is designated with reference numeral 26. FIG. 1 further discloses a configuration of assembly 10 that defines a concave top surface 14, an opposite convex or cylindrical bottom surface 18 and an opposite parallel plane 18. The convex / concave configuration shown in FIG. 1 juxtaposes the convex outer surface 16 or one bolt fixture assembly with the concave surface 14 of an adjacent bolt fixture assembly, as described below in connection with FIGS. Positioning the bolt fastener assembly manufactured from the assembly 10 by positioning it partially within the lever.

  From the assembly 10 shown in FIG. 1, two bolt fastener assemblies are manufactured by cutting the assembly 10 into two parts along the line indicated by the dashed line by reference numeral 64 as shown in FIG. Is done. The cutter is shown schematically by saw 62. The assembly 10 cut into two halves is shown in a vertical cross-sectional view in FIG. 6, which is a separation 64 that provides opposing inclined surfaces 66 for each of the two bolt fastener assemblies manufactured from the assembly 10. The line is disclosed. Each bolt fixture assembly that constitutes one half of the assembly 10 comprises a tapered cut portion of the core element 12 and a bolt fixture 22 secured to the core element 12 by a withdrawal casing 26. By providing an inclined surface 66, a variable speed shaped bolt fixture assembly is manufactured, increasing the ability to secure the bolt fixture assembly within the final fiber reinforced structure, and the central core element 12 and final fiber reinforcement. The primary contact surface between the structures is provided.

  It can be seen in FIG. 7 that the individual bolt fixture assemblies can be positioned in a different orientation than the linear orientation, where three individual bolt fixture assemblies are designated generally by the reference numeral 70. Three bolt fasteners, wherein the concave surface 14 of one bolt fastener assembly is received within the convex surface 16 of an adjacent bolt fastener assembly in a generally curved orientation. Includes assembly. The fiber reinforced structure casing the composite structure shown in FIG.

  FIG. 8 shows a slightly modified configuration of the bolt fastener assembly, in which the circular concave surface 14 and convex surface 16 are replaced with concave and convex outer surfaces having planar elements. Due to the planar element configuration of the convex surface 14 ′ having a configuration corresponding to the configuration of the convex surface 16 ′ of the bolt fastener assembly, the individual bolt fastener assemblies can be configured with corresponding convex and concave surfaces of the bolt fastener assembly, as shown in FIG. Can be combined into a structure that ensures and maintains proper linear positioning of the individual bolt fastener assemblies. A total of four bolt fastener assembly combinations in FIG. 8 are designated generally by reference numeral 70 ′. From the composite structure shown in FIG. 8, in a further extrusion, drawing, or manual or automated fiber reinforced manufacturing process, the reinforcing fibers and resin are applied to the combination of fixed assemblies and the structural elements are applied according to the intended geometry of the final product. By constructing, a fiber reinforced structural element is produced.

  The final product is used, for example, with a load bearing carrier I-beam 76, as shown in FIG. 9, and the bolt shaft 28 received within the bolt fixture of the bolt fixture assembly shown in FIG. Is fixed to the I-shaped beam 76.

  The curved structure shown in FIG. 7 may alternatively be used, for example, for fixing to a flat plate element 78 as shown in FIG.

  As mentioned above, the bolt fastener 22 described above in connection with FIGS. 1-6 is advantageously configured in a conical or elliptical shape to improve the fastening of the bolt fastener within the withdrawal casing 26. Also good. In FIGS. 11a-11c, a number of different techniques are shown to enhance the fastening of the bolt fasteners within the draw casing. Generally throughout this specification, a component or element that is identical to a component or element already described is designated the same reference numeral as previously specified, while serving the same purpose as the component or element already described. However, components or elements that differ in geometry from those already described are designated with the same reference numerals, but with markings added to indicate geometric differences.

  In FIG. 11a, the bolt fastener 22 'is of a rough or undulating structure that provides a non-uniform outer surface that improves the fixation of the bolt fixture 22' to the extraction casing 26 '. The fixture 22 ′ is different from the bolt fixture 22 of FIG. 3 described above. In FIG. 11a, the rough or undulating outer surface of the bolt fixture 22 ′ is somewhat exaggerated compared to the actual rough or undulating surface for clarity.

  In FIG. 11b, a different technique is shown to enhance the fastening of the bolt fixture 22 ′ to the pulling casing 26 '', where the bolt fixture 22 '' is provided with a plurality of male threads in a left and right facing configuration. A defining outer ridge is provided and serves the purpose of providing a robust embedding of the ridge within the polymeric material of the outer draw casing 26 ''.

  In FIG. 11c, a further alternative technique for improving the adhesion between the bolt fixture 22 ′ ″ and the withdrawal casing 26 ′ ″ is shown. In FIG. 11c, the outer end of the bolt fixture 22 '' 'is provided with an outer shallow male screw 23' '', in which the bolt fixture 22 '' 'together with the core body 12' '' Reinforcing fibers and resin are received before being moved through a drawing machine, such as the drawing machine further shown in FIG.

In order to facilitate the cutting of the string from which the assembly according to the present invention is cut, such as the string 56 shown in FIG. 4, a separator such as the separator 80 shown in FIG. 12a may be used. At the center of the separating body 80, a cylindrical disk 82 is provided in which two coaxially extending pins 84 project from opposite sides. Separation body 80 generally leaves adjacent ends of bolt fixture 22 ^IV spaced apart, with a cutter not shown in FIG. 12b through the outer extraction casing, and preferably PE body, PP body or the like It is used with a bolt fixture such as the two bolt fixtures 22 ^IV shown in FIG. 12b to allow it to be easily moved through a separating body 80 which is a precast plastic body such as a plastic material body.

In FIG. 14a, a technique for using a carbon reinforced fixture with a nut is shown. Nut 22 ^V in FIG. 14a is a casing the withdrawal casing 26 ^V at the outer end of the core body 12 ^V. Aligned with the nut 22 ^V , the carbon fiber reinforced cylindrical bushing or fixture 27 is rigid by providing the carbon fiber reinforced bush 27 while keeping the nut 22 ^V spaced from the outer end of the assembly 10 ^V. in order to be able to provide an assembly, it is sealed pulling casing 26 ^V.

In FIG. 14b, a different technique for centering the bolt fastener with respect to the core body is shown, wherein the core body 12 ^VI has a bolt fixture or nut 22 ^VI attached thereon. A coaxially arranged outer pin 20 ^VI is provided.

In FIG. 13, an extraction device 40 ^IV is shown, which basically corresponds to the extraction device 40 described above in connection with FIG. 4, but in the receiving section 46 the core body 12 ^IV and the bolt fixture 22. ^{The IV} string is different from the apparatus described above in that it further includes a spacer 42 to produce a string 48 ^IV that includes a bolt fixture 22 ^IV that is held in a spaced relationship by the spacer 82. .

The curing device 50 provides a string 56 ^IV having a square cross-section or configuration that differs from the above-described configuration of the assembly 10.

The technique of providing a spacing member 80 for maintaining the outer end of the bolt fixture 22 ^IV described above with reference to FIG. 12b maintains the outer ends of the bolt pins received within the bolt fixture in a spaced relationship. Can be modified for.

In FIG. 15, a precast plastic body 80 ^VII is provided which has an outer diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the bolt fixture 22 ^VII and constitutes a cylindrical configuration having a screw hole for receiving the outer end of the bolt pin 28 ^VII . After finishing the drawing process by a drawing device such as the device shown in FIG. 4 or alternatively in FIG. 13, the drawing string is cut by, for example, a cutter 10 as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. It is moved into the space between the two outer ends of the bolt pins 28 ^VII received in the separator 80 ^VII .

  The integral pulling technique according to the present invention is also integrated into the assembly according to the present invention to be used as a former for forming an internal thread in a pulling casing, for example as shown in FIGS. 16a and 16b. This makes it possible to use fixtures that are pulled out automatically.

In Figure 16a, there is shown an end portion of the assembly 10 ^IX according to the invention comprising a pulling casing 26 ^IX, in the pull-out casing 26 ^IX, are casing with the core body 12 ^IX is formed body 12 ^IX, formed vessel body is composed of the shaft 25 ^IX extending from the outer end of the assembly 10 ^IX, including coarse threads 24 ^IX embedded in pulling casing 26 ^IX. Former fixture 22 ^IX thread 24 The outer surface of ^IX has a slip coating, such as PTFE coating, powder coating or grease-like surface coating, as shown in Figure 16b. ^IX can be removed from the outer end of the assembly 10 ^IX , and in FIG. 16b, the former fixture 22 ^IX is removed from the rest of the assembly 10 ^IX , originally male of the former 10 ^IX . The female screw of the extraction casing 26 ^IX formed by the screw 24 ^IX is exposed.

Pulling the casing 26 ^IX is, for example, in the illustrated assembly 10 ^IX pulling casing 26 ^IX in Figure 17, for example whether the accepted by threads shown in Figures 16a and 16b, or, alternatively, originally former Fitting 22 accepts a part of a roller bearing, such as roller bearing 60, fixed to the inner wall of the extraction casing 26 ^IX by an adhesive filling the internal thread cavity of the extraction casing 26 ^IX as formed by ^IX May be used. A roller bearing 60 is fixed to the outer end of the assembly 10 ^IX as described above and is connected through a shaft 64 to a roller reel 66 supported on, for example, a stand or similar support. Is provided. A similar roller bearing 60 is provided at the opposite end of assembly 10 ^IX . The structure shown in FIG. 17 may be used, for example, in a manufacturing plant where a roller band is used, which can withstand, on the one hand, aggressive liquid or gas exposure, and on the other hand separate from one position. A lightweight structure can be provided that is easily moved to the position of.

Integrally pulling fabrication techniques described above also permits the manufacturing of precisely configured structural elements 10 ^X such as H-shaped structural elements shown in FIG. 18, this element is described above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 13 It is discharged from the curing device 50 of the drawing device similar to the device. Within the H-shaped assembly shown in FIG. 18, each includes an integrally included bolt fastener, bolt or fixture that allows the H-shaped element to be secured to another building structure. Two vertical bars with are included. Each of the vertical bars of the assembly 10 ^X is designated with reference numeral 11 ^X, and the horizontal web interconnecting the two vertical bars in the H configuration is designated with reference numeral 13 ^X.

Techniques for providing a load bearing assembly having fixtures, bolt fasteners or bolts positioned at opposite ends to allow the element or assembly to be used as a load bearing element according to the teachings of the present invention further include: Sensors such as strain gauges or similar impact detection sensors may be combined with techniques for measuring the load carrying capacity of an element by integrating it into an assembly according to the present invention. In FIG. 19, an assembly 10 ^XI is shown having two threaded pins 28 ^XI extending from opposite ends of the cylindrical pulling casing 26 ^XI . Within the withdrawal casing 26 ^XI , two bushings 22 ^XI are casing for receiving the screw pins 28 ^XI . A load detection sensor unit 90 is received in the center of the extraction casing 26 ^XI . The load detection sensor 90 may include a strain gauge or similar impact detection element and may be implemented as shown in FIG. The load detection sensor unit 90 is connected to the bush 22 ^XI by two pins 92 in order to transmit the load from the bush 22 ^XI to the load detection unit 90. Each of the load transmission pins 92 is casing in a cylindrical casing as indicated by a broken line in FIG.

  The load detection sensor unit may be implemented as shown in FIG. 20 and includes an inductive loop 100 for receiving inductive power from an external excitation source, the inductive loop 100 being connected to the electronic circuit blocks 104 and 106. It is connected to a power supply unit 102 for supplying power. Block 104 constitutes an input amplification stage that receives an input signal from a sensor element, such as a strain gauge 108, and delivers its output signal to a transmitter stage 106, which transmits a radio wave signal remotely via an antenna 110. Release to the receiver. It will be appreciated that the circuitry included in the load detection sensor unit 90 described above in connection with FIG. 20 may include any conventional signal shaping or signal conversion element such as a non-linear amplification stage, an A / D converter stage, etc. I want to be. Since techniques for providing remote data lock units are known in the art and the implementation of the load detection sensor unit 90 itself is not part of the present invention, a detailed description of the electronic circuitry of the load detection sensor element is given. Absent.

In FIG. 21, two different applications of the load detection sensor unit containing assembly 10 ^XI are shown. In FIG. 21, one application of assembly 10 ^XI is as a structural element for interconnecting two sections of a bridge, and an alternative application is to support the wires of a bridge support structure. Using the assembly 10 ^XI as a load bearing element. In FIG. 21, a load detection sensor comprising a receiving antenna 112 connected to a receiving stage 114 for delivering an analog or alternatively a digital signal to a measuring device constituted by a PC designated at its output by the reference numeral 116 A receiving station for receiving data from unit 90 is also shown.

In FIG. 22, the use of multiple assemblies 10 ^XI as in FIG. 22 is shown, and a total of five assemblies 10 ^XI are used to suspend the bridge 120 from the wire 122. In FIG. 22, the data record is shown as a hard wire connection from each of the assemblies 10 ^XI to the data record PC 116 with a total of five parallel inputs, where the wireless transmission technique shown in FIG. Included in assembly 10 ^XI at the same time using proximity detection techniques by using a receiving unit positioned in juxtaposition with each of the assemblies 10 ^XI to receive data or signals output from the sensor unit It is contemplated that the unit 90 can be easily changed to a semi-hard wire connection by exciting the unit 90 by supplying an excitation current to each induction loop 100 of the unit 90.

The high load bearing capability of the assembly according to the present invention also allows the technique to be used in alternative applications such as in high voltage insulators as shown in FIGS. In FIG. 23, the assembly described above with reference to FIG. 19 omits the load detection sensor unit 90, and includes a high-insulation gas such as SF _{6 and} includes a high-voltage insulator core body configured by a sealed hollow casing. 12 Changed by introducing ^XII . The insulating core body 12 ^XII serves the same purpose as the core body 12 described above in connection with FIGS. In FIG. 23, the assembly 10 ^XII includes an outer extraction casing 26 ^XII that casings the insulating core body 12 ^XII , and further includes two insulating bushings 94 ^XII surrounding and casing the bushing 22 ^{XII in} which the screw pins 118 ^XII are received and fixed. Prepare. In FIG. 23, there are three bell-shaped outer insulating elements 118 ^XII that serve the purpose of preventing water or moisture from creating a short circuit path on the outer surface of the drawn casing 26 ^XII as is essentially known in the art. Further shown.

In Figure 24, and deliberate application of high voltage insulating assembly 10 ^XII it is shown shown in FIG. 23, wherein the high voltage insulation assembly 10 ^XII has one outer of the threaded pin 18 ^XII assembly 10 ^XII Suspended from a beam 127 to support a high voltage wire 126 suspended at and supported by a cross-shaped fixture 128 secured to the end.

FIG. 25A shows a perspective view of a further presently preferred embodiment of the subassembly and FIG. 25B shows a cross-sectional view thereof. The subassembly comprises an elongated core 12 ^XIII and two bolt fixtures 22 ^XIII . The elongate core 12 ^XIII is an inner core 130 made of a flexible and lightweight material such as balsa material, or a fiber reinforced, preferably manufactured by drawing, covering the inner core 130 with a foam core made of polyurethane, for example. And a cover 132 of material. The bolt fixture 22 ^XIII is made from steel and is positioned adjacent to the opposite ends of the elongated core element 12 ^XIII . The end of the elongated core 12 ^XIII has a truncated conical shape and is divided into a central end surface 134 that exposes the inner core 130 and a peripheral end surface 136 that exposes the cover 132. A further extension core 12 ^XIII and a part of a further bolt fixture 22 ^XIII are shown in the right hand part of FIGS. 25A and 25B, and bolted at the right hand end of the first mentioned subassembly by means of a spacer or spacer 80 ′. Separated from ingredient 22 ^XIII .

FIGS. 26A and 26B are views similar to the views of FIGS. 25A and 25B, respectively, showing the elements and components of FIGS. 25A and 25B assembled, with the bolt fixture 22 ^XIII being an elongated core element. ^Bonded to opposite ends of 12 ^XIII .

In connection with FIG. 26B, an enlarged portion of the outermost radial contact surface that defines the highest stress point 138 is also shown. The point 138 with the highest stress is located at the contact surface between the cover 132 and the bolt fixture 22 ^XIII , so that two rigid materials, namely fiber reinforced material and steel, transmit the force and are flexible inside The core 130 is not involved.

FIG. 27A shows a perspective view of the final bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII , and FIG. 27B shows a cross-sectional view thereof. At this point, the assembly 10 ^XIII is completely sealed by the cylindrical casing 140 of fiber reinforced material. Therefore, the point with the highest stress is also completely sealed by the fiber reinforced material at this point. Preferably, a drawing technique as shown above is used to produce a series of opposing bolt fastener assemblies 10 ^XIII .

FIG. 28A shows a perspective view of the set of bolt fastener assembly 10 ^XIII and FIG. 28B shows a cross-sectional view thereof. A series of opposing bolt fastener assemblies 10 ^XIII produce two corresponding bolt fastener assemblies in the first step and then machined to an acute angle using a saw 62 'as shown in FIG. They are separated from each other as shown in FIGS. 4 and 13 by cutting through a spacer or spacer to provide two separate assemblies 10 ′.

FIG. 29 shows the bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII in an enlarged scale compared to FIG. 28B. It can be clearly seen that the outer peripheral surface of the bolt fixture 22 ^XIII is completely sealed by the fiber reinforced material. The bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII is a threaded rod 28 ^XIII which has been introduced into the screw hole 24 ^XIII of the bolt fixture 22 ^XIII is provided.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the fixation assembly 70 ′. Fixing assembly 70 'includes a plurality of bolt fastener assemblies ^10XIII , all designated with the same reference number. Located between each bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII is a spacer, all designated with reference numeral 142. Each spacer 142 is bonded to an adjacent bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII in a linear array. In order to form an intimately fitting contact surface between the bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII and the spacer 142, each bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII defines two oppositely located convex surfaces 144 and each spacer 142 defines two opposingly located concave surfaces 146 corresponding to and corresponding to the convex surface 144. In the present case, the convex surface 144 and the concave surface 146 define an arc.

FIG. 31 shows a perspective view of a curved fixation assembly 70 ″. The spacer 142 is rotated about the axis of the bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII to generate curvature, after which the convex surface 144 is glued to the corresponding concave surface 146 using a compatible resin or adhesive. Yes.

FIG. 32A shows a top view of the linear fixation assembly 70 ′ ″. In order to form the elongated linear fixation assembly 70 ''', the contact surface of the bolt fixture assembly ^10XIII and the spacer 142 and the concave surface 146 should face each other.

FIG. 32B shows a top view of the curved fixation assembly 70 ^IV . Curved fixation assembly 70 ^IV is similar to fixation assembly 70 '' in FIG. 31, but the first three bolt fastener assemblies 10a, 10b, 10c form a curve while the remaining bolt fixation The difference is that the tool assembly 10 ^XIII defines a straight line. In this configuration, the contact surfaces between each of the three bolt fastener assemblies 10a, 10b, 10c and the corresponding spacers 142A, 142B are not facing each other to form a bend or curve. Since the convex and concave surfaces coincide to form a cylindrical joint, it is contemplated that a bolt fixture and spacer can be used to perform a bend of about 120-180 degrees as shown. Yes. By using a smaller spacer, a smaller contact surface, and thus a smaller angle, such as 90 degrees, can be implemented.

Figure 32C shows a top view of a box-shaped fixing assembly 70 ^V. Box-shaped fixation assembly 70 ^V includes a spacer 142 ′ that defines three concave surfaces 146 that define a mutual angle of about 120 degrees. Each of the three concave surfaces 146 defines a contact surface for the convex surface of the adjacent bolt fastener assembly 10 ^XIII .

FIG. 33 shows a top view of a fixation assembly 70 ^VI that includes a plurality of double bolt fastener assemblies 10 ^XVI . The double bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XVI is not entirely circular, but defines two oppositely located convex surfaces 146 '', both of which define an arc in the transverse direction. A spacer 142 is located between each bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XVI . The double bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XVI includes two holes 28 ^XVI .

  In the above context, and with reference to FIGS. 30-33, the convex and concave surfaces preferably define an arc so that the contact surface defined between the bolt fixture and the spacer slides along a circular path. can do.

  FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the wind power generator 200. FIG. The wind generator includes a tower 202, a generator housing 204 above the tower 202, a rotating hub 206 connected to the housing 204, and three wings 208 fixed to the hub 206 at a 120 degree mutual angle. With.

FIG. 35 shows an enlarged perspective view of the wind power generator hub 206 and wings 208. A fixing assembly 70 ^II shown in FIG. 31 is molded into the wing 208 of the wind power generator 200 so that the holes of the bolt fixture 22 ^XIII are exposed and the casing 140 of the bolt fixture assembly 10 ^XIII . Are bonded to a compatible fiber reinforced polymer material of the wing 208. Thereafter, the wing 208 is bolted to the hub 206 by a threaded rod 28 ^XIII, threaded rod 28 ^XIII extends in the hub 206, for example, it is rigidly fastened to the hub by using a suitable nut 210 . In an alternative application of the fixation technique described above, the technique is used to join together two parts of a larger wing in an assembled wing structure.

  As used herein, the terms pultrusion and pultruding are used to cover techniques for providing and manufacturing core elements and subassemblies. However, the terms drawing and drawing should be construed as broadly covering any combination technique for producing fiber reinforced products, including techniques known as pultrusion and drawing and the like. As a result, any technique or equivalent technique covered by the above terms, including continuous, semi-continuous, or intermittent manufacture of elements such as core elements and subassemblies is described herein. It should be understood that this should be construed as equivalent to the extraction technique.

  Although the present invention has been described above with reference to certain presently preferred embodiments, many variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and such changes or modifications limit the scope of the invention to the embodiments described above. Without being considered, it should be considered part of the present invention. Rather, the present invention should be construed in terms of the appended claims.

  The scope of protection defined in the appended claims does not cover the geometric configuration of the assembly 10 shown in FIGS. 1-6, i.e. the geometrical profile of the “cedar plank” element itself. Rather, an otherwise configured assembly having a specially configured outer surface, such as an assembly that together forms the structure shown in FIG. 8, is part of the scope of protection defined in the appended claims. It should be understood that this is intended.

[point]
1. A method of manufacturing a fiber reinforced structural element, wherein the fiber reinforced structural element includes a plurality of bolt fasteners, bolts or fixtures for fixing the structural element to another structural element,
i) a material having an end for attaching or securing one of the bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings, preferably made by drawing, preferably compatible with the material of the fiber-reinforced structural element Providing an elongated core element comprising a reinforcing material;
ii) attaching the one bolt fixture, bolt or fixture to the end of the core element to produce a subassembly;
iii) Pulling out the subassembly through a puller and coating the periphery of the subassembly with reinforcing fibers and resin to provide a casing that surrounds the periphery of the subassembly with the reinforcing fibers. , By heating and curing the resin, fixing the one bolt fixture, bolt or fixture to the end of the core element in the drawing process, or alternatively in a separate drawing process Securing the subassembly by gluing to the casing
iv) in the casing of the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin to provide the core element and the one bolt fixture, bolt or fixture and a bolt fixture, bolt assembly or fixture assembly comprising the core element; Machining the subassembly surrounded by
v) repeating steps i to v to produce a plurality of the bolt fasteners, bolt assemblies or fixture assemblies;
vi) positioning the plurality of assemblies according to an intended position of the plurality of bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings in the final fiber reinforced structural element;
vii) manufacturing the fiber reinforced structural element comprising the plurality of bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings, constituted by the plurality of assemblies in an extrusion, drawing or fiber reinforced manufacturing technique.
2. The method of point 1, wherein step i) of providing the elongated core element comprises cutting the elongated core element from a continuous elongated core element body.
3. The elongate core element has its respective end for receiving a respective bolt fastener, bolt or fixture at each end, and the steps ii) and iii) are two bolt fasteners Attaching and fixing bolts or fixtures to the respective ends of the core elements of the subassembly, wherein step iv) is surrounded by the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin within the casing. 3. A method according to any of points 1 and 2, comprising the step of machining said subassembly into two halves, each comprising a bolt fixture, bolt or fixture assembly.
4. Step i) includes the end to the special configuration for receiving and center aligning the bolt fastener, bolt or fixture having an end recess that matches the special configuration of the end of the core element. The method according to any of points 1 to 3, further comprising the step of machining the part.
5. The casing is manufactured in step iii) with a specific cross-sectional configuration, for example a cross-sectional configuration such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, in particular a hexagon or a square, or a combination of the cross-sections described above, The method according to any one of points 1 to 4.
6. Step iv) comprises machining the casing to a specific cross-sectional configuration, for example a cross-sectional configuration such as a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, in particular a hexagon or a square, or a combination of the cross-sectional configurations described above. The method according to any one of points 1 to 5, further comprising:
7. The step iv) includes providing the bolt fastener, bolt assembly or fixture assembly having an end surface portion defining an acute angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bolt fastener or bolt assembly. The method in any one of -6.
8. A method of manufacturing a bolt fastener, bolt assembly or fixture assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element, the fiber reinforced structural element comprising a plurality of elements for securing the structural element to another structural element Including bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings,
i) a material having an end for attaching or securing one of the bolt fasteners, bolts or fittings, preferably made by drawing, preferably compatible with the material of the fiber-reinforced structural element Providing an elongated core element comprising a reinforcing material;
ii) attaching the one bolt fixture, bolt or fixture to the end of the core element to produce a subassembly;
iii) Pulling out the subassembly through a puller and coating the periphery of the subassembly with reinforcing fibers and resin to provide a casing that surrounds the periphery of the subassembly with the reinforcing fibers. Fixing the one bolt fixture, bolt or fixture to the end of the core element in the drawing process by heating and curing the resin, or alternatively, producing in a separate drawing process Securing the subassembly by gluing to the casing
iv) in the casing of the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin to provide the core element and the one bolt fixture, bolt or fixture and a bolt fixture, bolt assembly or fixture assembly comprising the core element; Machining the sub-assembly that is surrounded by the method.
9. A method of manufacturing a bolt fastener, bolt assembly or fixture assembly according to point 8, further comprising any of the features of the method of manufacturing a fiber reinforced structural element according to any of points 2-7.
10. A fiber reinforced structural element comprising a plurality of bolt fasteners, bolts or fixtures for securing the structural element to another structural element, wherein the fiber reinforced structural element is any of points 1-7 A fiber reinforced structural element manufactured according to the method of claim 1 and comprising a plurality of bolt fasteners, bolt assemblies or fixture assemblies manufactured according to the method of point 8 or 9.
11. A bolt fixture, bolt assembly or fixture assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element manufactured according to the method of either point 8 or 9.

Claims (15)

A method of manufacturing an assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element comprising:
i) providing an elongate core element, the elongate core element comprising an inner core made of a first material and a fiber reinforced material surrounding the inner core and compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element A cover made from a second material, the elongated core element having an end, the end having a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape, and the end The portion defines a central end surface that exposes the inner core, and a peripheral end surface that surrounds the central end surface and exposes the cover,
ii) providing a bolt fixture or bolt with an end recess having a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape, the end recess coinciding with the end of the elongated core element;
iii) manufacturing a subassembly by placing an end of the core element in the bolt fastener or bolt end recess, and centering the bolt fixture or bolt end recess;
iv) pulling the subassembly through a puller, coating the periphery of the subassembly with reinforcing fibers and resin, and providing the casing with the resin surrounding the subassembly with the reinforcing fibers By fixing and fixing the bolt fastener or bolt to the end of the core element in the drawing process by heating and curing, or alternatively by adhering to a casing manufactured in a separate drawing process, Fixing the subassembly;
v) machining a sub-assembly surrounded by the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin within the casing to provide an assembly comprising the elongated core element and the bolt fastener or bolt. A method characterized by comprising. The method of claim 1, wherein
The method wherein the ends define an axial distance and a radial distance, the axial distance being less than the radial distance. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
The first material is softer and / or lighter than the second material, and the first material is preferably balsa or foamed PU (polyurethane), foamed PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or foamed PE A method characterized by being a foamed polymer material such as (polyethylene). A method of manufacturing a fixation assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element comprising:
i) providing an elongated core element made of a material compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a fiber reinforced material, more preferably a material made by drawing;
Wherein the core element has an end for attaching and fixing a bolt fixture or bolt;
ii) providing a bolt fixture or bolt for securing the structural element to another structural element;
iii) manufacturing a subassembly by attaching the bolt fastener or bolt to the end of the core element;
iv) pulling the subassembly through a puller, coating the periphery of the subassembly with reinforcing fibers and resin, and providing the casing with the resin surrounding the subassembly with the reinforcing fibers By heating and curing the resin, fixing the bolt fastener or bolt to the end of the core element in the drawing process, or alternatively by bonding to a casing manufactured in a separate drawing process Fixing the subassembly; and
v) manufacturing the first assembly including the core element and the bolt fastener or bolt by machining the subassembly surrounded by a casing made of the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin. When,
Wherein the first assembly defines a first convex surface along its longitudinal axis;
vi) repeating steps i) to v) above to produce a second assembly defining a second convex surface along its longitudinal axis;
vii) manufacturing a spacer made of a material compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a sturdy material, more preferably a fiber reinforced material, most preferably a material made by drawing;
Here, the spacer has a first concave surface corresponding to the first convex surface of the first assembly, and a second concave surface corresponding to the second convex surface of the second assembly,
viii) so that the first concave surface is in contact with the first convex surface, preferably adhering, and the second concave surface is in contact with the second convex surface, preferably in adhering. Manufacturing a stationary assembly by positioning the spacer between the first assembly and the second assembly, preferably by gluing. The method of claim 4, wherein
The method wherein the convex surface and the concave surface define an arc. The liquid evaporator according to claim 4 or 5,
Further comprising repeating steps i) to v) above to produce a third assembly defining a third convex surface along its longitudinal axis;
The spacer has a third concave surface corresponding to the third convex surface of the third assembly;
The step viii) brings the third concave surface into contact with the third convex surface, preferably by bonding, whereby the first assembly, the second assembly, and the Providing a third assembly. A method of manufacturing a fiber reinforced structural element comprising a plurality of bolt fasteners or bolts for securing a fiber reinforced structural element to another structural element comprising:
Comprising the steps of a method of manufacturing a fixation assembly according to any one of claims 4-6,
ix) positioning the fixation assembly according to the intended position of the fixation assembly in the final structural element;
and x) manufacturing the fiber reinforced structural element including the securing assembly by extrusion, drawing or fiber reinforced manufacturing techniques. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Providing an elongated core element i) includes cutting the elongated core element from a continuous elongated core element body;
The continuous elongated core element body preferably has a circular cross-sectional configuration. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The elongate core element has a respective bolt fixture or respective end for receiving a bolt, and the steps ii) to iv) attach two bolt fixtures or bolts to the core element of the subassembly. The step v) includes machining the sub-assemblies surrounded by the reinforcing fiber and the cured resin casing, each of which constitutes an assembly. A method comprising the step of halving two halves. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9,
The method characterized in that the casing produced in step iv) has a circular, square, polygonal or elliptical cross-sectional configuration, preferably a circular cross-sectional configuration. In the method of any one of Claims 1-10,
Step v) further comprising machining the casing into a circular or elliptical cross-sectional configuration, preferably a circular cross-sectional configuration. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein
The bolt fixture or bolt has a corrugated outer surface. A fixing assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element comprising:
Comprising a first assembly and a second assembly;
Each of the first assembly and the second assembly is:
An elongated core element made of a material having an end and compatible with a fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a fiber reinforced material, more preferably a material made by drawing;
A bolt fixture or bolt for securing the structural element to another structural element,
The bolt fixing device or bolt is attached and fixed to an end of the core element, and the elongated core and the bolt fixing device or bolt are covered with a casing made of a reinforcing fiber and a cured resin so as to surround the periphery.
The first assembly and the second assembly each define a first convex surface and a second convex surface along their respective longitudinal axes;
Also comprising a spacer made of a material compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element, preferably a sturdy material, more preferably a fiber reinforced material, most preferably a material made by pulling,
The spacer is
A first concave surface corresponding to the first convex surface of the first assembly, and a second concave surface corresponding to the second convex surface of the second assembly,
A first bolt fixture assembly, such that the first concave surface is in contact with, preferably adheres to, the first convex surface, and the second concave surface is in contact with, preferably, the second convex surface; A fixing assembly positioned between and preferably bonded to the second bolt fastener assembly. A fiber reinforced structural element manufactured by extrusion, drawing or fiber reinforced manufacturing techniques,
14. A fiber reinforced structural element comprising the anchoring assembly of claim 13, wherein the fiber reinforced structural element is positioned within the structural element. An assembly for use in a fiber reinforced structural element comprising:
An elongate core element comprising an inner core made of a first material and a cover made from a second material that is a fiber reinforced material surrounding the inner core and compatible with the material of the fiber reinforced structural element ,
The elongated core element has an end, the end has a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated conical shape, and the end is a center where the inner core is exposed. Defining an end face and a peripheral end face surrounding the central end face and exposing the cover;
In addition, a bolt fixture or bolt for fixing the structural element to another structural element,
The bolt fixture or bolt has a conical or partially conical shape, such as a truncated cone shape, with an end recess that coincides with the end of the elongated core element;
The end of the core element is placed in the end recess of the bolt fixture or bolt, and is positioned centrally relative to the end recess of the bolt fixture or bolt;
3. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein the elongated core and the bolt fixing member or the bolt are covered with a casing of a shape reinforcing fiber and a cured resin so as to be surrounded.

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