JP2015502748A - オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤に対する癌細胞薬剤感受性の決定方法 - Google Patents
オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤に対する癌細胞薬剤感受性の決定方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤に対する癌細胞薬剤感受性(すなわち癌細胞が感受性または耐性であるか)の決定方法、および、耐性を克服するために用いることができる化合物に関する。
化学療法は悪性癌患者の主要な治療形態の一つである。癌患者が特定の薬剤に対して最初は応答するにも関わらず、長期に渡る治療中に再発がよくある。癌細胞に対する淘汰圧によって、癌細胞は試薬誘発性細胞死を逃れるより良い遺伝子型に自身を進化させる。癌化学療法では薬剤耐性が主要な障害の一つである(Gottesman M.M. et al., Annual Review of Medicine 2002; 53, 615-27)。薬剤耐性の問題に対処するため、特定の試薬に対する癌細胞耐性機構を同定しかつ理解することが必要である。いくつかのよくある薬剤耐性機構は、薬剤輸送体の上方制御(Parekh M. et al., Biomedical Pharmacology 1997; 56, 461-70)、薬剤標的の変異(Gorre M.E. Science 2001; 293, 876-70)、CYP450の上方制御(McFayden M.C.E. et al., British Journal of Cancer 2004; 91, 966-71)、および薬剤標的の増幅(Gorre M.E. et al., Science 2001; 293, 876-70)および他にも多くのものを含む。癌薬剤耐性機構は非常に複雑であり、かつ複数の耐性機構が特定の薬剤に関わりうる。薬剤耐性は1つの遺伝子によってもたらされるものではない;むしろそれは多くの遺伝子の影響の結果である。前臨床研究に並行した薬剤耐性機構の研究によって、応答を予測する初期臨床治験研究に適用可能な多くの情報が得られる。
発明の目的は、癌病に冒された患者のオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤治療に対する感受性を決定する方法であって、患者から得た癌細胞において、CYP24A1、EHF、KRT7、PRKACB、およびANXA10を有するグループから選択される少なくとも1つの遺伝子の発現変化またはコピー数変化をインビトロにて決定する工程を有する方法である。
図1:原発腫瘍サンプルにおける耐性クローン遺伝子発現条件(実施例を参照)と比べて、いくつかの遺伝子に対するCt値(表8を参照)を、薬剤感受性患者腫瘍対薬剤耐性患者腫瘍における相対的遺伝子発現を示すチャートを構築するために用いた。
(実施例1)
(はじめに)
我々は耐性クローンを選択するために2つの株細胞(HCT116 p53+/+およびHCT116 p53−/−)および2つのオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤(CYC116およびZM447439)を用いた。各株細胞を別々に1μM濃度でCYC116またはZM447439に曝し、4〜5週間後にコロニーが現れた。コロニーを単離し、さらなる研究のために拡大させた。
チトクロムP450、ファミリー1、サブファミリー、ポリペプチド1(CYP1A1)が、全てのCYC116耐性クローンにおいて高度に過剰発現することが見出された。CYP1A1は多環芳香族炭化水素(PAH)の代謝に関与する。喫煙者ではCYP1A1はPAHを前発癌物質に変換する。CYP1A1発現は肺がんにおいて報告されており、かつ多くの肺腫瘍において発現は変化した(McLemore T.L. et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1990; 82, 1333-39)。HCT116およびHCT116 p53−/−をCYC116で48時間処理すると、CYC116の上方制御は観察されなかった。しかし全てのCYC116クローンが高レベルのCYP1A1を示した。CYP1A1はCYC116応答を予測するのに高度に適しており、その機能に基づき、CYP1A1阻害は代謝安定性を増加しかつCYC116に対する薬剤耐性を低減することに使えると予測できる。
EHFのノックダウンは、細胞増殖を阻害しかつ老化を増加させた(Park C. et al., Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 2006; 5, 3191-96)。同じ研究ではテロメアーゼはEHFの存在下で上方制御することが示された。
Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrayによる特定遺伝子の倍率変化は、十分な量および質のRNAがあれば任意の癌株細胞から便利に行うことができる。RANを全ての健康な分裂中の耐性クローンおよびコントロールから3回の生物学的な繰り返し実験において単離した。RNA単離のために10×106個の細胞を用いた。細胞を1mlのTRI試薬を用いてリンスした。200μlのクロロホルムをTRI試薬に加え、室温で10分間インキュベートし、その後40℃かつ12000gで15分間遠心分離した。溶液は3つの相に分かれる。上部のRNA部分を注意深く集めて500μlのイソプロパノールを用いてRNA沈殿させた。続いて遠心分離し75%のエタノールで洗浄するとRNAペレットが得られた。RNAペレットの大きさに応じてDEPC水を加えた。
耐性クローンの各グループから、減少したp値に基づき上位100個の遺伝子を一覧にした。生物学的関連に基づき、関連するグループ間において共通する遺伝子、高度に上方制御または下方制御される遺伝子、およびいくつかを、qRT−PCR確認試験のために選択した(全部で42遺伝子)。初期耐性細胞からの42個の遺伝子のうち12個の遺伝子を原発腫瘍サンプルにおける比較および確認のために選択した(qRT−PCR)。以前に我々は96時間MTTアッセイを用いて様々な原発腫瘍におけるCYC116の感受性を試験した。13個のCYC116感受性原発腫瘍および14個のCYC116耐性腫瘍をqRT−PCRを用いた選択遺伝子発現試験のために選択した。良く凍結保存された任意の原発腫瘍サンプルが高品質RNAの単離に適している。RNAを原発腫瘍サンプルから上述したように耐性株細胞のために単離した。cDNAを調製するために、全量45μlの反応混合物において4.5μgのRNAを用いた。4.5μgのRNA、0.45μgのヘキサマーの混合物に水を加えて最終的に19.5μlにし、サーモサイクラーにおいて70℃で5分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション後、サンプルを氷の上に1分間置いた。9μlの5×RTバッファー、4.5μlの10mM dNTP、および1.125μl(30U)のRNAsinのマスター混合物を各サンプルに加えた。最後に150Uの逆転写酵素を加え、混合し、室温で10分間インキュベートした。この後サンプルを勾配サーモサイクラーにおいて42℃で60分間、それから70℃で10分間インキュベートした。インキュベーション時間後にサンプルを−20℃で保存した。
染色体遺伝子の構造的および数的変化を決定することにaCGH解析を効果的に用いることができる。この方法は高品質のDNAを有する任意のタイプの細胞から便利に実行することができる。DNAは100万個の細胞からDNeasy Blood&Tissue kit(キアゲン)を用いて抽出した。任意の癌株細胞および原発腫瘍サンプルからの高品質DNAがこの試験には必要である。抽出したゲノムDNAを製造者のプロトコル(アフィメトリクス、Santa Clara、CA)に従い正確に処理した。100ngのDNAを全ゲノム増幅によって増幅した。磁気ビーズを用いた産物精製の後、DNAを定量化し、断片化し、標識し、かつCytogenetics Whole−Genome 2.7Mアレイにハイブリダイズした。アレイを洗浄し、染色し、そしてスキャンした。我々はCGHアレイを解析するためにソフトウェアPartek Genomics Suiteを用いた(Grayson B.L. et al., BioData Mining 2011; 4, 5-11)。我々は薬剤耐性株細胞サンプルおよびコントロール薬剤感受性株細胞サンプルにおける顕著なコピー数の変化の領域を同定し遺伝子一覧を作成した。
タンパク質は他のパートナーと相互作用することによってまたは酵素活性を通じてその機能を発揮する究極の生物学的分子である。差動的タンパク質発現は高品質な結果を達成するために用いることができるもう1つの側面である。二次元電気泳動に基づくプロテオミクス法は差動的タンパク質発現を研究するために選択される技術として好ましかった。差動的に発現されるタンパク質を同定するためにゲルのスポットを質量分析同定に掛けた。タンパク質抽出物は任意の無処置の生物学的材料から継続して調製できる。
最初に3×106個の細胞をペトリ皿に植えつけると、耐性クローンおよびコントロールは近い培養密度まで増殖する。単層を氷冷却PBSによって3回洗浄した。それから500μlのリシスバッファー(7Mの尿素、2Mのチオ尿素、3%w/vのCHAPS、2%v/vのノニデット40、5mM TCEP、プロテアーゼ阻害剤およびフォスファターゼ阻害剤のカクテル)を単層の上部に加えて、タンパク質抽出を最適化するために室温で30分間放置した。溶解物を4℃、20000gで1時間遠心分離し、清澄な上清を−80℃で保存した。
Protean IEF Cell およびProtean II xi細胞を、一次元目および二次元目にそれぞれ用いた。4〜7および6〜11のIPGを有するポリアクリルアミド条片をIEF分離に用いて、pH範囲が4〜7の100μgのタンパク質およびpH範囲が6〜11の70μgのタンパク質をIPG条片にロードした。4〜7のpH範囲では110μlの溶解物を230μlの再水和バッファー(7Mの尿素、2Mのチオ尿素、2%のCHAPS、200mM DeStreak試薬、2%かつpH4〜7のIPGバッファー、プロテアーゼ阻害剤およびフォスファターゼ阻害剤のカクテル、極微量のブロモフェノールブルー)に希釈した。50Vで一晩続くゲル中再水和を用いて、タンパク質をIPG条片4〜7にロードした。IEFを次のように行った:200Vを10時間、600Vを30分、1000Vを30分、そして、5000Vを全部で50000Vhに達するのに必要な時間。この後、IPG条片を、pH6.8の50mM Tris−HCl、6Mの尿素、30%グリセロール、4%SDS、および100mM DeStreak試薬に25分間平衡化した。pH範囲6〜11では、IPG条片は、340μlの再水和バッファー(7Mの尿素、2Mのチオ尿素、4%のCHAPS、30mM DTT、pH6〜11かつ0.5%のIPGバッファー、プロテアーゼ阻害剤およびフォスファターゼ阻害剤のカクテル、極微量のブロモフェノールブルー)においてサンプル無しで一晩中、受動的に再水和した。15時間後、65mM DTTを含むリシスバッファーおよび0.5%のIPGバッファーによって溶解物を150μlに希釈した。15分後、30mMヨードアセトアミドを遊離チオール基のアルカリ化に用い、その後、極微量のブロモフェノールを加え、最後にカップローディングを適用した。IEFを、150Vを12時間、1000Vを1時間、8000Vを3時間、そして8000Vを全部で20000Vhに達するまで、行った。IPG条片をpH6.8かつ50mM Tris−HCl、6Mの尿素、30%グリセロール、8%SDSで20分間平衡化した。
亜鉛で染色した調製用ゲルから切除したタンパク質スポットを小片に切った。亜鉛塩を除去するために、ゲル片を、200μlかつpH8.3の50mM Tris−HCL、20mMグリセリン、および30%のアセトニトリルで数分間インキュベートした。完全な脱染色後、ゲルをpH8.3の50mM Tris−Hclで2回洗浄した。それからゲルを水で洗浄し、MeCNにおける脱水によって収縮させ、さらにこの工程を2回繰り返した。最後に、上清を除いて、ゲルをSpeedVac濃縮器を用いて部分的に乾燥させた。開裂バッファー(25mM 4−エチルモルフォリン酢酸塩、5%のMeCN、3.3ng/μlのトリプシン)において再水和を37℃で一晩中行った。MeCNにおけるトリフルオロ酢酸を用いて消化を停止させ、結果として得たペプチド混合物を、Poros Ologo R3材料が入ったGELoaderμカラムを用いて脱塩した。精製しかつ濃縮したペプチドを、いくつかの液滴におけるマクロカラムから、1μlのα−シアノ−ヒドロキシケイ皮酸マトリックス溶液(50%のMeCNにおいて5mg/mL、0.1%のトリフルオロ酢酸)を用いてMALDIプレートに直接溶出させた。
MALDI質量スペクトルを、スマートビーム固体レーザーおよびMS/MS解析用のLIFTを備えたUltraflex III MALDI−TOF/TOF機器(Bruker Daltonics)において測定した。質量範囲700〜4000DaにおいてPFMスペクトルを得て、トリプシン自己タンパク質分解断片(842.5Daおよび2211.1Da)のモノアイソトピック[M+H]+イオンを用いて内部的に較正した。PMFデータベースサーチのために、XMLデータフォーマットにおけるピークリストを、SNAPピーク検出アルゴリズムを含むflexAnalysis3.0プログラムを用いて作成した。スムージングは適用せず割り当てピークの最大数を50にセットした。ピーク標識化の後、全ての既知の汚染信号を除去した。ピーク一覧を、ヒトタンパク質のSwiss−Prot2010_09データベースサブセットに対する社内のMASCOT検索エンジンを用いて、以下の検索設定で検索した:30ppmのペプチド誤差、1に設定した未消化部位、可変のシステインのカルバミドメチル化、メチオニンの酸化、およびタンパク質N末端アセチル化。タンパク質分子量およびpI値に対して制限はしなかった。Mascotスコアが閾値56を超えるタンパク質を固定パラメータのもとで同定したと見做した。スコアが閾値よりも小さいかわずかに大きい場合、タンパク質候補の同一性をMS/MS解析によって確かめた。上述したMASCOT設定に加えて、0.6Daの断片質量誤差および機器タイプMALDI−TOF/TPFをMS/MSスペクトル検索に適用した。
(全般的遺伝子発現の決定)
全体的に我々は耐性クローンを選択するために2つの株細胞(HCT116 p53+/+およびHCT116 p53−/−)および2つのオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤(CYC116およびZM447439)を用いた。各株細胞を別々にCYC116またはZM447439に1μMの濃度で曝すと4〜5週間後にコロニーが現れた。コロニーを単離して、さらなる試験のために拡大した。各グループの耐性クローンを次のように表記した。[1]HCT116:CYC116(R1.1、R1.2、R1.3)[2]HCT116 p53−/−:CYC116(R2.1、R2.2、R2.3)HCT116:ZM447439(R3.1、R3.2、R3.3)[4]HCT116 p53−/−:ZM447439(R4.1、R4.2、R4.3)。
各グループに対してヒットした上位100個の遺伝子を、p値が減少する順に一覧にした。高度に上方制御または下方制御された、関連グループ間の共通遺伝子、および、生物学的関連性に基づくいくつかを、qRT−PCR検証研究のために選択した(全部で42遺伝子)。発現パターンにおけるほぼ100%の合致が、マクイロアレイ遺伝子発現データとqRT−PCR検証との間に見られた。たとえば表7は、CYC116感受性原発腫瘍対CYC116耐性原発腫瘍の検証研究のためにさらに選択された全般的遺伝子発現対12個の遺伝子のqRT−PCRからの比較的データを示す。
我々の研究所は様々なタイプの原発腫瘍生検を収集し、MTT細胞増殖アッセイを用いてCYC116のために試験した(Sargent J.M. et al., British Journal of Cancer 1989; 60, 206-10)。いくつかのサンプルはCYC116に感受性であり、いくつかは耐性であった。13個の感受性サンプル(平均IC50≦4.42μM)および14個の耐性サンプル(平均IC50≧95μM)を、耐性原発細胞におけるCYC116に対する遺伝子発現を比較するために選択した。我々は、組織形成の起源が異なる任意抽出の癌、たとえば血液腫瘍(急性リンパ性白血病、急性骨髄性白血病、不特定リンパ性白血病、非ホジキンリンパ腫)および固形腫瘍(卵巣、肺、乳房、およびメラノーマ)を用いた。
この研究は、CYC116耐性クローンおよびZM447439耐性クローンにおける染色体の任意の構造的および数的変化を検証するために行った。アフィメトリクスWhole−genome 2.7M Arrayをこの研究に用いた。特定の染色体領域の開示された遺伝子リスト中の140個の遺伝子に対する増幅または欠損を見出した。増幅および欠損は遺伝子発現変化を反映しており、それゆえオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤に耐性のある患者の診断に用いることができる。
コントロールと比べた差動的タンパク質レベルを決定するために、各グループ由来の2つのクローンを選択した。溶解物を、4つの独立した2DE電気泳動およびそれに続く質量分析によるタンパク質特定のための繰り返し実験に調製した。一次元目においてタンパク質を分離するために、4〜7および6〜11を含む2つのpH勾配を等電点電気泳動中に用いた。差動的に発現したタンパク質をMALDI−TOF/TOFによって同定した。ZM447439クローン(R3.1:p53+/+、R3.2:p53+/+、R4.2:p53−/−、R4.3:p53−/−)では、77種類のタンパク質候補が差動発現を示した。CYC116クローン(R1.2:p53+/+、R1.3:p53+/+、R2.1:p53−/−、R2.2:p53−/−)では、73種類のタンパク質候補が差動発現を示した。1.2よりも大きい倍率変化および0.05よりも小さいp値(ANOVA)を有する差動スポットは、プロテオミクス解析において顕著であると見做した。
マクロアレイベースの遺伝子発現解析によって、HCT116 p53+/+耐性クローンおよびHCT116 p53−/−耐性クローンにおけるCYC116に対するBcl−xL(BCL2L1)の上方制御が明らかになった。CYC116耐性クローンにおけるBcl−xLの上方制御は統計的に顕著であり(p<0.001)かつ2倍近くあった。CYC116耐性クローンにおけるBcl−xLの顕著な上方制御は細胞増殖アッセイにおいてABT−263 siRNAおよび抗Bcl−xL siRNAを試験することの強力な根拠になった。RNAレベルに加えて、Bcl−xL上方制御はまた、ウェスタンブロットによってタンパク質レベルでも確かめられた(図3)。
この方法は、生存細胞が黄色のMTT(3−(4,5−ジメチルチアゾル−2−イル)−2,5ジフェニルテトラゾリウム臭化物)塩を紫色のホルマザンに還元できるという原理に基づいて行われる。紫色の産物の強度は、生存細胞の数に直接比例しており、このことは熱量測定法によって測定できる。任意の医学的試薬の半阻害濃度(IC50)を決定するために、MTTアッセイは非常に信頼できかつ良く受け入れられる。ABT−263のIC50値を決定するために、80μlの培養培地内の3000個の細胞を96ウェルプレートに撒いた。5倍濃度ストックから調整した20μlの各濃度のABT−263(1:3、10μMの最高濃度から0.01μMの最低濃度の連続希釈によって調整)の化合物を、細胞に加えた。このアッセイを、各濃度に対する2つの技術的繰り返し実験と、3つの生物学的繰り返し実験とにおいて行った。ブランクおよびコントロールを並べて含めかつ96時間インキュベートした。アッセイの終了時点において、10μlのMTT/ウェル(Sigma)(10mg/ml)を加え、すみれ色のホルマザン結晶が現れるまでインキュベートした。プレートを37℃で一晩中インキュベートすることによって、ホルマザンを10ml/ウェルの10%水溶性SDSに溶解した。Labsystem IMSリーダを用いて光学濃度を540nmで測定し、IC50値をChemorezistソフトウェアを用いて決定した。
細胞溶解物を、RIPAバッファー(pH8.0、15mM NaCl、50mM Tris−Cl、1%のNP−40、0.1%のSDS、0.5%のデオキシコール酸)を用いて調製した。8%のSDS−PAGEを用いてタンパク質を分離しニトロセルロース膜に移した。5%の非脂肪乾燥ミルクパウダーおよび0.05%のTween20を含むPBCにおいて膜をブロックした。一次抗体をブロッキング溶液において調整し、膜を一晩中インキュベートした。洗浄後、膜を二次抗体において1時間インキュベートした。ECLプラス試薬を用いて化学発光シグナルを検知した。
0.1×106個の細胞を6ウェルプレート内の2mlの培地に植えた。Bcl−xL siRNAを加える前に、細胞を24時間インキュベートした。細胞をPBSで洗浄し、抗生物質を含まない2mlの新鮮な培地を加えた。Origeneから購入したBcl−xL siRNAおよびクローンsiRNAを、10μMの濃度にするために、RNaseを含まない二重鎖バッファーに希釈した。二重鎖を形成するために、希釈したsiRNAを94℃で2分間熱した。2.2μlの希釈siRNAを200μlのjetPRIMEバッファー(PolyPlus transfection)に加え、その後、4μlのjetPRIME形質移入試薬を加え、混合し、室温で15分間インキュベートした。混合物を一滴ごとに2mlの培地に加え、最終siRNA濃度は10nMであった。プレートを24時間インキュベートし、培地を除いて、siRNAを含まない新鮮な培地を加えた。Bcl−xL下方制御をウェスタンブロットによって決定するために、細胞溶解物を72時間および96時間調製した。特に、2つのタイプのBcl−xLのsiRNA下方制御が96時間まで存在した。ネガティブコントロールsiRNAおよび形質移入試薬は、Bcl−xL発現に影響しない。オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤に対する薬剤耐性の遺伝的な誘発におけるBcl−xLの重要性を証明するために、Bcl−xLを高度に過剰発現している1つのp53野生型CYC116耐性クローンを最適化のために利用した。抗Bcl−xL siRNAが24時間形質移入された細胞を、Bcl−xLノックダウンおよびCYC116組み合わせの、CYC116単独またはコントロールsiRNAと比べて有効性を決定するために、MTTアッセイに用いた。データは、阻害剤に対するCYC116耐性細胞の感受性がBcl−xL発現の遺伝的抑制によって回復することを明白に示している。
本発明において同定した遺伝子およびタンパク質は、臨床上設定においてオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤に対する応答をモニターすること、オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤治療の有効性をモニターすること、これらの遺伝子の発現に基づき患者を階層化すること、などに用いることができる。アストラゼネカのAZD1152(オーロラB特異的)は、現在、フェーズII臨床治験にある。ZM447439およびAZD1152の双方は、癌細胞に対してほぼ同一の作用様式を有する。ZM447439耐性クローンおよびCYC116耐性クローンは、ZM447439(アストラゼネカのオーロラB特異的阻害剤)、MLN8054(MillenniumのオーロラA特異的阻害剤)、およびVX−680(Vertexのpan−オーロラ阻害剤)に対して高度に交差耐性である(表1)。これは、これらの化合物に対する腫瘍細胞耐性の類似した機構を強力に示す。それゆえ、ZM447439遺伝子発現データおよびプロテオミクスデータは、AZD1152長期間応答を予測することに用いることに適している。CYC116クローンがAZD1152、VX−680、およびMLN8054に高度に交差耐性である事実に基づき、CYC116データもまた、AZD1152および他のオーロラキナーゼ阻害剤応答を予測することに用いることができる。
Claims (10)
- 上記遺伝子のうちの少なくとも2つ、3つ、4つ、または5つの組み合わせの発現を決定する請求項1に記載の方法。
- CYP24A1、EHF、KRT7、PRKACB、およびANXA10の全遺伝子の組み合わせの発現を決定する請求項1に記載の方法。
- CYP24A1、EHF、KRT7、PRKACB、ANXA10、MID1、ARHGAP29、A4GALT、CYP1A1、GJC1、BCL2L1、FAM122B、INPP4B、BDNF、PPAP2B、ERI1、SERINC2、CAMK2D、HTR7、TBX3、およびTSPAN1の全遺伝子の組み合わせの発現を決定する請求項4に記載の方法。
- 上記オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤は、好ましくは、CYC116(4−メチル−5−(2−(4−モルフォリノフェニルアミノ)ピリミジン4−イル)チアゾール−2−アミン)、ZM447439(N−[4−[[6−メトキシ−7−3−(4−モルフォリニル)プロポキシ]4キアゾリニル]アミノ]フェニル]−ベンズアミド)、AZD1152(2−[エチル−[3−[4−[[5−[2−(3−フルオロアニリノ)−2−オキソエチル]−1Hピラゾル3イル]アミノ]キナゾリン7−イル]オキシプロピル]アミノ]エチル二水素リン酸塩)、VX−680(N−[4−[4−(4−メチルピペラジン−1−イル)−6−[(5−メチル−1Hピラゾル−3−イル)アミノ]ピリミジン2−イル]スルファニルフェニル]シクロプロパンカルボキサミド)、MLN8054(4−[[9−クロロ−7−(2,6−ジフルオロフェニル)−5H−ピリミド[5,4−d][2]ベンザゼピン−2−イル]アミノ]安息香酸)、PHA−739358(N−[5−[(2R)−2−メトキシ−2−フェニルアセチル]−4,6−ジヒドロ−1H−ピロロ[3,4−c]ピラゾル−3−イル]−4−(4−メチルピペラジン−1−)ベンズアミド)、MLN8237(4−[[9−クロロ−7−(2−フルオロ−6−メトキシフェニル)−5H−ピリミド[5,4−d][2]ベンザゼピン−2−イル]アミノ]−2−メトキシ安息香酸)、AT−9283(1−シクロプロピル−3−[(3Z)−3−[5−(モルフォリン−4−イルメチル)ベンズイミダゾール−2−イリデン]−1,2−ジヒドロピラゾル−4−イル]尿素)から選択される請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 上記癌病は、肉腫癌、結腸直腸癌、メラノーマ、皮膚がん、乳がん、甲状腺癌、グリオブラストーマ、肺がん、前立腺癌、卵巣癌、頸椎癌、子宮癌、頭頸部癌、血液癌、胃がん、食道癌、神経癌、すい臓癌、および腎臓癌を含むグループから選択される請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤耐性腫瘍の治療に用いられる、オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤と組み合わせたBcl−2ファミリー阻害剤。
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