JP2015219081A - Bolt with sensor, nut with sensor, screw loosening or screw removal detection device, and screw loosening or screw removal monitor system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To be easily installed without any necessity of additional processing by using a bolt or nut with a dedicated sensor, be stably retained, be manufactured at a low cost and accurately detect a screw loosening state or a screw removal state for a long period of time.SOLUTION: A bolt 1 with a sensor includes a flange-like part 1c integrally formed between a head part 1a and a shaft part 1b. A through-hole 4c of a screw-loosening or -removal detection device 4 is inserted around the flange-like part 1c, a body member 4g is rotationally adjusted such that an index 4e displayed on the body member 4g is made to match an index 1f representing a physical relationship of a disposed magnet, and fixes to a fixing object member by a magnet attraction member provided on the back face side. When the bolt 1 with the sensor is loosened or removed, a magnetism-sensitive switch detects it.

Description

  The present invention relates to a screw tightening means including a bolt and a nut for fixing a member to be fixed, and in particular, a bolt with a sensor, a nut with a sensor, and a bolt with a sensor used for detecting loosening or detachment of the bolt or nut. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a screw loosening or screw removal detecting device and a screw loosening or screw removal monitoring system for detecting a loosened state or a detached state of a screw using a nut with a sensor.

Fixed members such as bridges such as girder bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, railway facilities, tunnel structures, piping structures such as flange joints and tanks, support structures for various engine mounts, and various support structures in tunnels are externally threaded It is fastened and fixed by screw fastening means consisting of a member and a female screw member, but monitoring the fastening state of the screw fastening means, in other words, monitoring the looseness state of the screw fastening means is to prevent a major accident beforehand. Very important.
Conventionally, an inspector periodically circulates, for example, by marking the fixed member and the screw fastening means with paint, etc., and detecting rotational looseness from the misalignment between the two by visual inspection, A hammering method or the like is performed in which a screw fastening means is struck with a hammer and an operator determines looseness by the hitting sound.
As a method of measuring axial force using a sensor,
1) A method of monitoring the tightening load by placing a load meter under the bolt or nut.
2) A method of processing a bolt and monitoring the axial force of the bolt with a built-in strain detection element,
3) A method of measuring an axial force by resonance by applying ultrasonic waves or the like to a bolt is known.
In addition, as a prior art for detecting displacement of bolts and nuts,
Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-279936), Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-280762) and Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-281697) have been proposed.

Among these, the screw looseness detection device disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a screw looseness detection device for detecting the looseness of the male screw body and the female screw body for fixing the member to be fixed. The cap is fixed to the protruding portion of the male screw body protruding from the body with a gap from the female screw body, and the conductive portion provided on the cap side and the conductive portion provided on the female screw body side Are arranged to face each other with the gap therebetween, and are electrically connected to the conductive portion on the cap side and the conductive portion on the female screw body side, so that the male screw body and the female screw body are loosened, and these conductive It is set as the structure which provided the sensor which detects that the sex parts contacted and it became the conduction | electrical_connection state.
The looseness detection device disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a looseness detection device that detects the looseness of a bolt and a nut that fixes a member to be fixed, and is a protruding end of a bolt that is screwed together and protrudes from a nut. A contact detection member having a conductive portion that is disposed in proximity to the outer periphery of the screwed nut and is in contact with the nut by relative rotation of the nut with respect to the bolt; A sensor is provided that is electrically connected to the conductive portion and the nut and detects that the conductive portion and the nut are brought into contact with each other and become conductive.

Further, the misalignment detector disclosed in Patent Document 3 is a misalignment detector used for detecting a relative misalignment between a fixed member and a movable member that can move relative to the fixed member. ,
A first member fixed to the fixing member and formed of a nonconductor;
It is integrally formed with the movable member and moves relative to the fixed member, and is disposed in a region perpendicular to the moving direction of the relative movement and corresponding to the first member, and is formed of a nonconductor. A second member,
Have
Either one of the first member and the second member includes a detection IC tag capable of non-contact communication with an external device, and the other is a conductor, and is a blocking material that blocks communication of the detection IC tag. With
When the second member moves relative to the first member by a predetermined amount or more from the initial state in which the relative positions of the first member and the second member are aligned, the movement direction of the relative movement is From the state in which the detection IC tag is located within the area of the shielding material, or the state where the detection IC tag is located outside the area of the shielding material, It is set as the structure changed from the state located outside to the state located in the area | region of the said shielding material.

JP 07-279936 A JP 07-280762 A JP 2010-281697 A

Since the prior art of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 is a method for detecting contact with a contact detection member, it is vulnerable to water droplets and the like, and malfunction due to contamination and deterioration of the contact portion is also expected. It must be said that it is unsuitable.
Further, the positional deviation detection tool and the positional deviation detection system according to Patent Document 3 require a special dedicated bolt for the IC tag to be fixed to the installation surface, which is costly and at the same time a multipoint looseness detection monitor. There is a problem that is impossible.
The present applicant has previously proposed the following screw looseness detection device as Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-018167 in order to deal with the above-mentioned problems.

That is, as an invention according to the above, in the screw looseness detection device for detecting the looseness state of the screw fastening means including the male screw member and the female screw member for fixing the fixed member,
A rotating member having an inner engagement portion that engages with the male screw member or the female screw member, and a magnet disposed in a part near the periphery;
A body member that rotatably supports the rotating member and is provided with a magnetically sensitive switch in proximity to the rotating range of the magnet, and is attracted and fixed to the fixed member by a magnetic force attracting member; Consists of
The engagement member is engaged with the male screw member or the female screw member while the fixed member is fastened and fixed by the screw fastening means, and the main body member is moved at an initial position where the magnetically sensitive switch and the magnet face each other. In a state where the fixed member is disposed and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member, the screw fastening means is loosened and the rotating member is rotated, and the magnet is rotated at a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetically sensitive switch. The present invention proposes a screw looseness detecting device that detects a looseness state of a screw by rotating and switching a magnetically sensitive switch.

According to the above-mentioned invention according to the prior application, there is no need to remove the existing fixed member and screw fastening means or to perform additional processing, and it can be easily installed on the fixed member and screw fastening means and stably held. Thus, it is possible to realize a screw looseness detection device that can accurately detect a screw looseness state over a long period of time and that can be manufactured at low cost.
However, in the case of the screw looseness detection device according to the previous application, when installing on a bolt or nut fastened to the surface of an existing structure or the like, the screw looseness detection device is inserted from the axial direction of the bolt or nut. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, there are screw fastening means 11 such as a nut to be detected for looseness between a plurality of fixed members 12 or two nuts 11a, When loosening is prevented using 11b (double nut), there is a problem that it cannot be directly engaged with the nut 11a.
By the way, the base end side of the screw fastening means is, for example, a drilling hole in the tunnel rock of the tunnel, and the upper part of the screw fastening means with adhesive attached therein is inserted, the adhesive is solidified, and the base of the screw fastening means Is fixed to the tunnel ceiling, and the ceiling plate is supported and fixed to the lower end side of the screw fastening means.

In such a construction method, there has been an accident in which the screw fastening means does not loosen and falls off the ceiling and then the ceiling plate also falls.
In such a case, screw looseness detection by the various screw looseness detection devices described above does not function, and accident detection cannot be prevented.
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the first object is to reliably detect the detachment of bolts and nuts as well as the loosening of bolts and nuts as screw fastening means. The object is to provide a sensored bolt and a sensored nut.
Further, the second object of the present invention is that a large accident can be prevented in advance by reliably detecting looseness or detachment of the screw fastening means using the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut. In addition, it can be easily installed to suit multi-point installation, can be detected stably over a long period of time, and can be manufactured and installed at low cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device capable of detecting a detachment state.
The third object of the present invention is that a small number of wires are sufficient, and it is necessary to supply electricity to the magnetic detection circuit only when it is desired to detect looseness or separation of multiple points at a low cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a monitoring system that can identify the location of the screw fastening means that has caused the failure, has an excellent power saving effect, and can prevent an accident due to loosening or disengagement of the screw fastening means.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the bolt with a sensor according to the invention described in claim 1 is provided.
In a screw fastening means comprising a bolt and a nut for fixing a member to be fixed, a hook-like portion having a disk shape with a diameter larger than the outer shape of the bolt is integrally formed so as to be concentrically superimposed on the screw forming side of the bolt. A magnet as a sensor is disposed in the vicinity of the periphery of the bowl-shaped portion, and is used for detecting looseness or detachment of the bolt in cooperation with a separately prepared magnetic sensitive switch. It is characterized by that.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the nut with a sensor according to the invention described in claim 2 is provided.
In a screw fastening means comprising a bolt and a nut for fixing a member to be fixed, a hook-like portion having a disk shape having a diameter larger than the outer shape of the nut is integrally formed so as to be concentrically overlapped with the nut, A magnet as a sensor is arranged in the vicinity of the periphery of the bowl-shaped part, and is used for detecting loosening or detachment of the nut in cooperation with a magnetically-sensitive switch prepared separately. Yes.
The bolt with a sensor according to the invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that the outer shape of the head of the bolt is a quadrangle or a hexagon, or the head has a hexagonal hole.
The nut with a sensor according to the invention described in claim 4 is:
The nut has a quadrangular or hexagonal shape.

The bolt with a sensor according to the invention described in claim 5 is:
The bolt is characterized in that an indicator is displayed on the upper surface of the hook-like portion so that the positional relationship of the magnets arranged inside the hook-like portion can be seen from above.
The nut with a sensor according to the invention described in claim 6 is:
The nut is characterized in that an indicator is displayed on the upper surface of the hook-like part so that the positional relationship of the magnets arranged inside the hook-like part can be seen from above.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 7 is provided.
A screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device comprising the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
In the state where the hook-like part is fitted in a through hole having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hook-like part, a magnetically sensitive switch is provided close to the rotation range of the magnet, and the fixed It consists of a body member that is attracted to the member by a magnetic adsorption member,
The through hole is inserted into the hook-shaped portion of the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor in a state where the fixed member is fastened and fixed with the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor, and the magnetically sensitive switch and the magnet In the state where the main body member is arranged and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member at an initial position opposed to each other, the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor is loosened and the bowl-shaped portion rotates, Alternatively, the sensor-attached bolt or the sensor-attached nut is detached, the magnet is rotated by a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetic sensitive switch, or a predetermined amount is removed and the magnetic sensitive switch is switched. It is characterized by detecting whether the screw is loose or detached.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 8 is provided.
A screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device comprising the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The magnet is arranged so as to be proximate to a rotation range of the magnet arranged in the bowl-shaped portion, and a magnetically sensitive switch sensitive to the magnet is arranged, and the fixed member has the above-mentioned It consists of a holder body member that is adsorbed by a magnetic adsorption member,
The holder body member is brought close to the bowl-shaped portion in a state in which the fixed member is fastened and fixed by the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor, and the holder is in an initial position where the magnetism sensitive switch and the magnet face each other. In a state where the main body member is arranged and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member, the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor is loosened and the hook-shaped part is rotated, or the hook-shaped part is detached. The magnet is rotated by a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetic sensitive switch, or is released by a predetermined amount and the magnetic sensitive switch is switched to detect the looseness of the screw or the detached state of the screw. It is said.

The screw loosening or detachment detecting device according to claim 9 is:
The magnetic force attracting member is made of at least one magnet and is disposed on the back side of the main body member.
The screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 10 is:
The main body member is provided with a detaching member for detaching the main body member from the state where the main body member is adsorbed and fixed to the fixed member.
The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 11
The detachable member is a bolt that is screwed into a female screw hole penetrating from the front surface side to the back surface side of the main body member, and the main body member is fixed to the fixed member by projecting the bolt to the back surface side of the main body member. Therefore, it is configured to be separated from each other.
The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 12 is:
The magnetically sensitive switch is a reed switch.
The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 13 is:
The reed switch has a common terminal, a movable piece having one end connected to the common terminal, a first contact point that comes into contact when the magnet is in proximity, and the movable piece is in contact when the magnet is separated. And a second contact point.

The screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 14 is:
The holder unit for holding the reed switch and the cable for leading the output of the reed switch to the outside has a base part joined to the main body member or the holder main body via a watertight member, and further, the base part of the cable and the cable holder Is characterized in that it is waterproofed by a watertight member.
The screw loosening or screw detachment monitoring system according to claim 15,
The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to any one of claims 7 to 14 is installed on the sensor-equipped bolts or the sensor-equipped nuts at a plurality of locations, respectively.
As the magnetic sensitive switch included in the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device,
A common terminal, a movable piece having one end connected to the common terminal, a first contact point where the movable piece contacts when the magnet approaches,
A detection line consisting of a series circuit with a resistor having a constant resistance and one end connected to the first contact;
A short-circuit line connected to a second contact with which the movable piece contacts when the magnet is separated, and a magnetic detection circuit comprising:
By connecting the detection lines of the plurality of magnetic detection circuits and short-circuit lines in order, short-circuiting the terminal ends of the plurality of magnetic detection circuits, and measuring the resistance value at the base end of the magnetic detection circuit The sensor-equipped bolt or the nut with the sensor can be specified in a loose state.

According to the present invention, in a screw fastening means including a bolt and a nut for fixing a member to be fixed, a bowl-shaped portion having a disk shape having a diameter larger than the outer shape of the bolt is concentrically formed on the screw forming side of the bolt. It is formed integrally so as to overlap, and a magnet as a sensor is arranged in the vicinity of the periphery of the bowl-shaped part, and the bolt is loosened or detached in cooperation with a separately prepared magnetic sensitive switch. Since it is configured to be used for detection, it is low-cost, suitable for multi-point detection, excellent in environmental resistance, and when bolts loosen or come off (drop) over a long period of time In addition, it is possible to provide a bolt with a sensor that can stably detect it.
Further, according to the present invention, in the screw fastening means including the bolt and the nut for fixing the member to be fixed, the bowl-shaped portion having a disk shape having a diameter larger than the outer shape of the nut is concentrically overlapped with the nut. It is formed integrally, and a magnet as a sensor is disposed in the vicinity of the periphery of the bowl-shaped part, and it detects the loosening or detachment of the nut in cooperation with a separately prepared magnetically sensitive switch. Because of its low cost, it is suitable for multi-point detection, excellent in environmental resistance, and stable when nuts loosen or come off (drop) over a long period of time. It is possible to provide a nut with a sensor that can detect it.

According to the present invention, there is provided a screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device comprising the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
In the state where the hook-like part is fitted in a through hole having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hook-like part, a magnetically sensitive switch is provided close to the rotation range of the magnet, and the fixed It consists of a body member that is attracted to the member by a magnetic adsorption member,
The through hole is inserted into the hook-shaped portion of the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor in a state where the fixed member is fastened and fixed with the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor, and the magnetically sensitive switch and the magnet In the state where the main body member is arranged and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member at an initial position opposed to each other, the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor is loosened and the bowl-shaped portion rotates, Alternatively, the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut is detached, and the magnet is rotated by a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetic sensitive switch, or a predetermined amount is removed, and the magnetic sensitive switch is switched. Since it is configured to detect the loose state of the screw or the disengaged state of the screw, the magnetic force adsorption means is attached to the fixed member. The installation work can be performed simply, quickly and stably, and the state of looseness or detachment of the bolt with sensor or nut with sensor can be detected stably over a long period of time. It is possible to provide a screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device that can be carried out at an extremely low construction cost, is structurally unnecessary, and has excellent environmental resistance that can withstand outdoor use.

According to the present invention, there is provided a screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device comprising the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The magnet is arranged so as to be proximate to a rotation range of the magnet arranged in the bowl-shaped portion, and a magnetically sensitive switch sensitive to the magnet is arranged, and the fixed member has the above-mentioned It consists of a holder body member that is adsorbed by a magnetic adsorption member,
The holder main body member is brought into an initial position where the holder main body is brought close to the hook-shaped portion in a state where the fixed member is fastened and fixed by the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor, and the magnetically sensitive switch and the magnet are opposed to each other. In the state where the fixed member is disposed and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member, the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor is loosened to rotate the hook-shaped part, or the hook-shaped part is detached, and the magnet Is configured to detect a looseness of a screw or a screw detachment state by rotating a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetic sensitive switch, or by detaching a predetermined amount and switching the magnetic sensitive switch. The fixed member can be installed easily, quickly and stably by the magnetic force adsorption means. It is possible to stably detect the looseness or disengagement state of the product over a long period of time, and the processing cost and installation cost can be reduced, and no structural maintenance is required. An excellent screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device can be provided.

According to the present invention, the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to any one of claims 7 to 14 is installed on the sensor-equipped bolts or the sensor-equipped nuts at a plurality of locations, respectively.
As the magnetic sensitive switch included in the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device,
A common terminal, a movable piece having one end connected to the common terminal, a first contact point where the movable piece contacts when the magnet approaches,
A detection line consisting of a series circuit with a resistor having a constant resistance and one end connected to the first contact;
A short-circuit line connected to a second contact with which the movable piece contacts when the magnet is separated, and a magnetic detection circuit comprising:
By connecting the detection lines of the plurality of magnetic detection circuits and short-circuit lines in order, short-circuiting the terminal ends of the plurality of magnetic detection circuits, and measuring the resistance value at the base end of the magnetic detection circuit Since the sensor-equipped bolt or the nut with the sensor can be specified in a loose state, the effect of the screw loosening or screw disengagement detection device of the present invention can be enjoyed. Simultaneous multi-point looseness detection or screw detachment detection is possible.In particular, by supplying electricity to the magnetic detection circuit only when it is desired to detect screw loosening or screw detachment, Since the location of the nut with sensor can be specified, the power saving effect is excellent, and the bolt with sensor or nut with sensor Accidents caused by removal can provide screw loosening or screw leaving the monitoring system can prevented.

It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance structure of the hexagon bolt with a sensor which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance structure of the hexagon socket head bolt with a sensor which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance structure of the hexagon nut with a sensor which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view of the state which looked at the screw loosening or screw detachment | desorption detection apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention from diagonally upward. It is a disassembled perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the screw looseness or screw removal detection apparatus shown in the perspective view of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the reed switch which comprises a part of this invention, and the holder unit holding the cable etc. which derive | lead-out the output of the reed switch. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the fundamental structure of the cap magnet which is an example of the magnet which is a magnetic force attraction member which comprises a part of this invention. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the state just before attaching the screw loosening or screw detachment | desorption detection apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention to a to-be-fixed member with a hexagon bolt with a sensor. It is a perspective view showing the state where the screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device concerning a 4th embodiment of the present invention was installed in the hexagon bolt with a sensor which fastened the structure. It is a front view which shows the installation state of the screw looseness or screw detachment | desorption detection apparatus of FIG. FIG. 10 is a left side view showing a state where the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device shown in FIG. 9 is installed on a fixed member. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device shown in FIG. 9 is installed on a fixed member. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance structure of the screw looseness or screw detachment | leave detection apparatus which concerns on the 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a disassembled perspective view which decomposes | disassembles and shows the holder main body member which comprises the screw looseness or screw detachment | desorption detection apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the magnetic detection circuit using the magnetic sensitive switch of the screw loosening or screw detachment | desorption detection apparatus which concerns on the 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the circuit structure of the screw looseness or screw detachment | leave monitoring system which concerns on the 7th Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings based on the embodiments of the present invention, a bolt with a sensor, a nut with a sensor, a screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device and a screw loosening or screw provided with the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device The departure monitoring system will be described in detail.
1 and 2 are perspective views showing the external configuration of a bolt with a sensor according to first and second embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the external configuration of a hexagon nut with a sensor according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention as viewed obliquely from above.
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device shown in the perspective view of FIG. 4 in an exploded manner.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a reed switch that constitutes a part of the present invention and a holder unit that holds a cable or the like for deriving the output of the reed switch.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a principle configuration of a cap magnet that is an example of a magnet that is a magnetic force adsorbing member constituting a part of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view for explaining a state immediately before the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is attached to a fixed member with a hexagon bolt with a sensor.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state in which the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is installed on a hexagon bolt with a sensor to which a structure is fastened.
FIG. 10 is a front view showing an installed state of the screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device of FIG.
FIG. 11 is a left side view showing a state where the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device shown in FIG. 9 is installed on the fixed member.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device shown in FIG. 9 is installed on the fixed member.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing an external configuration of a screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing the holder main body constituting the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG.
FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a magnetic detection circuit using a magnetically sensitive switch of a screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a screw loosening or screw detachment monitoring system according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, a hexagon bolt 1 with a sensor according to the first embodiment is formed between a head 1a in the shape of a hexagon bolt and a shaft 1b on which the head 1a and a male screw are formed. The shape portion 1c is a basic configuration. The hook-shaped portion 1c has a disk shape with a larger diameter than the outer shape of the head of the hexagon bolt, and is integrally formed so as to be concentrically overlapped with the shaft portion of the hexagon bolt, that is, the screw forming side.
A magnet 1e as a sensor is disposed in an opening hole 1d formed near the outer peripheral surface of the bowl-shaped portion 1c, and cooperates with a separately prepared “magnetic sensitive switch” (described later). It functions to detect looseness or detachment (including dropping) of the hexagon bolt 1 with sensor.
An index 1f such as a circle is displayed (engraved) on a portion of the bowl-shaped portion 1c corresponding to the position immediately above the position where the magnet 1e is disposed, and is displayed on the upper surface of a body member 4g described later. It serves as a mark when setting the initial position by matching with the index.
Since FIG. 2 shows the external configuration of the hexagon socket head bolt 2 with a sensor according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the hexagon head bolt 1 with a sensor according to the first embodiment is different from the head portion 2a of the bolt. It has a cylindrical shape and is different in that a hexagonal hole is formed at the center of the upper end, and the basic configuration is common.

That is, the head 2a has a so-called hexagon socket bolt shape, but the opposite shaft portion 2b is formed with a male screw, and the head 2a is formed between the head portion 2a and the shaft portion 2b. A cylindrical shape having a diameter larger than the diameter is formed, and a hook-like portion 2c formed integrally is formed so as to overlap concentrically with the shaft portion 2b side.
Similarly to the hexagon bolt with a sensor according to the first embodiment, a magnet 2e as a sensor is disposed inside an opening hole 2d formed near the outer peripheral surface of the bowl-shaped portion 2c, and is separately prepared. This function functions to detect looseness or detachment of the bolt 2 with the sensor in cooperation with a magnetically sensitive switch (described later).
In addition, an index 2f is formed on the upper surface and the peripheral portion of the bowl-shaped portion 2c so that the positional relationship of the magnet 2c can be visually recognized from above.
FIG. 3 shows the external configuration of the sensor-equipped hex nut 3 according to the third embodiment. The difference from the sensor-equipped hex bolt according to the first embodiment is that the head 3a is a hex nut. The other configuration, that is, the hook-shaped portion 3c, the opening hole 3d, the magnet 3e, and the index 3f are the hook-shaped portion 1c, the opening hole 1d, the magnet 1e, the index of the hexagon bolt 1 with sensor shown in FIG. It corresponds to 1f, and the basic configuration is common.

4 to 7 show the configuration of the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device 4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, 1 is the hexagon bolt with a sensor demonstrated in FIG. 1, and the head 1a and axial part 1b which consist of a hexagon bolt are appearing.
4-7, 4g is a main body member, and the external appearance shape is substantially disk shape, and the circular arc part of the disk is cut, and it is mentioned later on the planar cutting part 4a. The holder unit to be coupled is coupled. A through-hole 4c extending from the back side to the front side is formed in the central portion of the main body member 4g, into which the flange-like portion 1c of the hexagon bolt 1a with sensor described above is fitted.
Further, three female screw holes 4d for attaching a magnet as a magnetic force adsorbing member to be described later are formed at equal intervals (120 degree angle intervals) near the outer periphery of the main body member 4g.
Further, a female screw hole 4f penetrating from the back side to the front side is formed.
On the back side (the bottom side in FIG. 4) of the main body member 4g, three magnets as the magnetic force attracting members 5 are screwed into the three female screw holes 4d formed at equal angular intervals of 120 °. It is fixed by a set screw 6.

In addition, a butterfly bolt 7 is provided as a detachable member that is screwed into a female screw hole 4f that penetrates from the front side to the back side in the vicinity of the magnetic force adsorbing member 5 of the main body member 4g. The butterfly bolt 7 is difficult to remove because the screw loosening or separation detecting device 4 is attracted and held by the strong magnetic force adsorbing member 5 to the iron as the fixed member. Rotate the butterfly bolt 7 with fingers to separate one magnetic force adsorbing member 5 from the structure as the fixed member 12 (see FIGS. 8 to 12), and then tilt the main body member 4g in an oblique direction. Thus, it is possible to easily remove the magnet as another magnetic force adsorbing member 5 by pulling it away from the structure.
Next, a reed switch 14 as a magnetically sensitive switch and a holder unit 13 that holds a cable 15 for leading the output of the reed switch 14 to the outside will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
The holder unit 13 is configured as shown in detail in FIGS. 5 and 6. That is, the holder main body 16 is formed with two through holes 16a and 16a. Two mounting screws 17 are provided in the female screw hole 4b formed in the shaving portion 4a of the main body member 4g, and the through hole 16a is provided. The holder main body 16 is attached to the main body member 4g by being inserted and screwed.

The holder body 16 has a substrate 18 and a reed switch 14 mounted on the substrate 18, and a switch cover 19 and an O-ring 20 are provided so as to surround the reed switch 14.
For this reason, with the O-ring 20 inserted between the holder main body 16 and the cutting portion 4a of the main body member 4g, the two mounting screws 17 are inserted through the through holes 16a, and the cutting portion 4a 2 By screwing into the two female screw holes 4b, the holder main body 16 can be water-tightly coupled to the main body member 4g, and the electrical components such as the reed switch 14 and the substrate 18 are protected from moisture, and therefore used outdoors. It is also possible.
The holder body 16 is filled with a molding agent 22 and solidified as shown in FIG. 6 in a state where the cable 15 for deriving the signal of the reed switch 14 is electrically connected to the circuit components of the substrate 18. Further, waterproofing is performed between the main body member 4 g and the cable 15 by a heat-shrinkable tube 23 on the base end side of the cable 15.
Here, an example of the magnetic force adsorbing member used in the screw loosening or detachment detecting device 4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to a sectional view of a cap magnet shown in FIG.
In FIG. 7, the cap magnet 8 is formed by surrounding three sides of the magnet body 9 with iron 10, and magnetic lines of force concentrate between the magnet surface of the magnet body 9 facing the upper surface and the outer iron 10. When brought into contact with (iron material), the attractive force is 3 to 4 times (in the same kind and the same size) than in the case of a magnet alone.

Therefore, by using the cap magnet 8, the screw loosening or detachment detection device can be firmly held in a structure made of iron material and stably over a long period of time.
Next, the screw loosening or detachment detecting device having the above-described configuration is connected to the member 12 to be fixed, for example, a structure such as an iron bridge or a flange connecting pipes with a screw such as a bolt with a sensor or a nut with a sensor. At the site where it is fastened by the means 11, the hook-like portion 1 c of the hexagon bolt 1 with a sensor as the screw fastening means 11 is fitted into the through hole 4 c of the body member 4 g of the screw loosening or detachment detecting device, and the fixed member FIG. 8 shows a state immediately before being attached to 12.
Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the index 4e displayed on the main body member 4g side is aligned with the index 1f displayed on the upper surface side of the hook-shaped portion 1c of the hexagon bolt 1 with sensor, and the main body member 4g is magnetized. It fixes with the adsorption | suction member 5, and installation is completed. The cable wiring operation will be described later.
It should be noted that the hook-shaped portion 1c is prepared so as to correspond to the shape, size, and configuration of the bolt and nut as the screw fastening means 11, and a plurality of sizes of the through holes 4c of the main body member 4g are also prepared. Keep it.

In order to install in the state shown in FIG. 9, the hexagon bolt 1 with sensor is screwed and fixed to the fixed member 12.
Next, in the state where the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device 4 is half-floated, the index 4e displayed on the main body member 4g is used, and the main body member 4g is displayed on the index 1f displayed on the hook-shaped portion 1c of the hexagon bolt 1 with sensor. Match while rotating a small amount.
This state is the initial position.
FIG. 10 is a front view showing the state of arrangement in this manner, FIG. 11 is a left side view, and FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view. If any one of the hexagon bolt 1 with sensor, hexagon socket head bolt 2 with sensor, and hexagon nut 3 with sensor that has been set to such an initial position is loosened or detached, each hook-shaped portion 1c, 2c or 3c The arranged magnets 1e, 2e, 3e are moved away from the opposing position of the reed switch 14 as a magnetically sensitive switch disposed on the main body member 4g side, and the reed switch 14 performs circuit switching, and the bolts and nuts are loosened. It will be detected whether it is in a state of being in a state of being detached or in a state of being withdrawn.
Next, with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, a description will be given of a screw loosening or screw disengagement detection device 5a according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

13 and 14, the external shape of the screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device 5a is rectangular in cross section and has a large length in the longitudinal direction. This is different from the shape of the fourth embodiment.
A female screw hole 26b for a set screw 6 for fixing the magnetic force adsorbing member 5 is provided near both ends in the longitudinal direction of the holder body member 26, and a reed switch, a resistor, a substrate, etc. constituting the holder unit are accommodated on the side surface portion. A storage portion 26c is formed.
That is, the holder unit 13 includes an O-ring 20, a switch cover 19, a substrate 18, a holder body 16, and the like in order from the side close to the holder body member 26 toward the outside.
These holder units 13 are assembled to the holder main body member 26 by screwing the holder main body 16 into the female screw hole 26 a of the holder main body member 26 with the mounting screw 17.
The magnetic force adsorbing member 5 is assembled to the holder main body member 26 by screwing the set screw 6 into the female screw hole 26b.

The screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device 5a according to the fifth embodiment is arranged close to a bolt or nut with a sensor (in FIG. 13, the nut 3 with a sensor) screwed to the fixed member 12. More specifically, after fixing a fixed member (not shown) with the hexagon nut 3 with a sensor, the index 26d displayed on the center portion of the holder body member 26 is displayed on the index 3f on the bowl-shaped portion 3c. Repositioning is performed so as to match, and the magnetic force adsorbing member 5 provided on the back side is adsorbed and fixed to the iron part constituting the fixed member. This is the default setting.
FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a magnetic detection circuit using a magnetically sensitive switch of a screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram showing a circuit configuration of a screw loosening or screw detachment monitoring system according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. The magnetically sensitive switch used in the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device of the present invention is shown in FIG. For example, a reed switch 14 can be used.
The reed switch 14 is opposed to a lead having a ferromagnetic material with a certain contact interval, and is sealed in a glass tube together with nitrogen gas as an inert gas.
When a magnetic field is applied to the reed switch 14 in the axial direction of the lead from the outside, the lead is magnetized, and the opposite free ends are attracted and contacted to close the circuit. Further, if the magnetic field is erased, the circuit can be opened by the elasticity of the leads.

In FIG. 15, R, W, B, and G originally mean red, white, blue, and green, which are wiring colors. Here, R is a measurement terminal (+), and W is a measurement. Terminals (−) and B are extension terminals of the short-circuit line, and G is an extension terminal of the detection line. In FIG. 15, C is a common terminal of the reed switch 14 as a magnetic sensitive switch, SW is a movable piece of the reed switch 24, and NC is a contact of the movable piece SW when the magnet approaches the reed switch 24. The first contact, NO, is a second contact with which the movable piece SW comes into contact when the magnet is separated from the reed switch 24, and Rc is a resistor having a certain resistance value.
That is, the path of the measurement terminal (+) R → common terminal C → movable segment SW → first contact NC → fixed resistor Rc → extension terminal G is referred to as a detection line.
The path from the measurement terminal (−) W, the second contact NO, and the extension terminal B is referred to as a short circuit line.
The circuit configured as described above is referred to as a magnetic detection circuit 25.
When a plurality of (for example, n) screw loosening or screw detachment detecting devices are installed, a plurality of magnetic detection circuits 25 ₁ , 25 ₂ ,... 25 _n are sequentially connected to the extension terminals G and B, respectively. They are connected in series via measurement terminals R and W.

And among the plurality of magnetic sensing line connects the shorting line together in order, a plurality of sensing circuits 25 _1, 25 ₂ to 25 _n extending terminal G of the end of shorting B together, at the proximal end of the magnetic detection circuit 25 ₁ By measuring the resistance value, the screw fastening means in the loose state can be specified.
For example, when the resistance value of the resistor Rc incorporated in each magnetic detection circuit 25 is 1 kΩ, the first resistance value is 0Ω between the measurement terminal (+) R and the measurement terminal (−) W. be movable piece SW of the magnetic detection circuit 25 ₁ are disengaged or it means in contact with the second contact NO, are loose 1st screw fastening means having a first magnetic sensing circuit 251 Identified.
Further, for example, if the resistance value between the measurement terminal (+) R and the measurement terminal (−) W is 1 kΩ, the movable piece SW of the _second detection circuit 252 becomes the second contact NO. As a result of the contact, the second screw loosening detection device having the second detection circuit specifies that the second screw fastening means has been loosened or detached.
From this, if the resistance value between the measurement terminal (+) R and the measurement terminal (−) W is MkΩ, the movable piece SW of the (M + 1) th magnetic detection circuit becomes the second contact NO. As a result, it is found that it has been loosened or detached by the (M + 1) -th screw fastening means.

However, if multiple magnetic detection circuits detect looseness or disengagement at the same time, the screw looseness or screw disengagement detection device closest to the base end has judged looseness or disengagement. Next, after that, the looseness of the screws far from the base end may be confirmed in order.
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, it is only necessary to replace the screw fastening means 11 such as a sensor-equipped bolt or a sensor-equipped nut once, and it is not necessary to perform additional processing, and the current state is maintained. The installation work is simple, the installation work is simple, and the fixing member 12 can be simply, quickly and stably installed by the magnetic force adsorbing member 5. The bolt 1 with sensor, the nut with sensor 3 can be detected stably over a long period of time, processing and installation costs are extremely low, and no structural or maintenance is required. It is excellent in that it can prevent major accidents by reliably detecting looseness in the rotational direction and separation in the axial direction of screw fastening means such as sensor bolts and sensor nuts. It is enormous.

Further, according to the present invention, screw loosening or screw detachment detecting devices are respectively installed on bolts and nuts with a plurality of sensors,
As a reed switch 24 that is the magnetically sensitive switch included in the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device,
A common terminal C; a movable piece SW having one end connected to the common terminal C; a first contact NC that contacts the movable piece SW when the magnet 4 (1e, 2e, 3e) approaches; A detection line composed of a series circuit with a resistor Rc having a certain resistance value, one end of which is connected to one contact NC;
A magnetic detection circuit 25 comprising: a short-circuit line connected to a second contact NO that the movable piece SW contacts when the magnet 4 is separated;
The detection lines of the plurality of detection circuits 25 ₁ , 25 ₂ ,... 25 _n and the short-circuit lines are connected in order, the ends of the plurality of detection circuits 25 _n are short-circuited, and the magnetic detection circuit 25 is connected. _Since the screw fastening means 11 in the loosened state or the detached state can be identified by measuring the resistance value at the base end of _1, the effect of the screw loosening detecting device of the present invention can be enjoyed. It is possible to detect the looseness or disengagement of multiple points at low cost at the same time, and it is possible to detect loosening or disengagement of bolts and nuts with sensors. By supplying electricity to the base end of the magnetic detection circuit only at the time of detection, it is possible to identify the location of the screw fastening means that has loosened or detached, so it has excellent power saving effect, It is possible to provide a screw loosening or screw removal monitoring system that can prevent an accident caused by loosening or removal of a bolt or nut with a sensor.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
For example, although an embodiment in which three magnets are used as the magnetic force adsorbing member and arranged on the back side of the main body member has been shown, the magnet has a single annular shape (that is, a ring with a constant width). Alternatively, the annular magnet may be disposed on the back side of the main body member so as to surround (enclose) the outer side of the rotating member.
The magnetic force adsorbing member may be two arc-shaped or rectangular magnets, and the two arc-shaped or rectangular magnets surround the outside of the through-hole 4c so that the back side of the main body member. May be arranged symmetrically (at intervals of 180 °).
Further, although the example of the butterfly bolt that is screwed into the female screw hole penetrating from the front surface side to the back surface side of the main body member is shown, the detaching member may be a normal bolt or a bolt such as a suspension bolt. May be.
Further, in the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to the fifth embodiment, the detaching member may be omitted.

1 Hexagon bolt with sensor 1a, 2a, 3a Head 1b, 2b Shaft portion 1c, 2c, 3c Hook-shaped portion 1d, 2d, 3d Opening hole 1e, 2e, 3e Magnet 1f, 2f, 3f Index 2 Hexagon bolt with sensor 3 Hexagon nut with sensor 4 Screw loosening or removal detection device 4a Cutting part 4b Female screw hole 4c Through hole 4d Female screw hole 4e Index 4f Female screw hole (inside screw screw)
4 g Body member 5 Magnetic force adsorbing member 6 Set screw 7 Wing bolt 8 Cap magnet 9 Magnet body 10 Iron 11 Screw fastening means 12 Fixed member (iron structure)
12a Female screw hole or through hole 13 Holder unit 14 Reed switch 15 Cable 16 Holder body 16a Through hole 17 Mounting screw 18 Substrate 19 Switch cover 20 O-ring 22 Molding agent 23 Heat shrinkable tube 25 Magnetic detection circuit 25 _{1 to} 25 _n 1st To n-th magnetic detection circuit 26 holder body member 26a, 26b female screw hole 26c storage portion 26d index SW movable section

Claims (15)

  In a screw fastening means comprising a bolt and a nut for fixing a member to be fixed, a hook-like portion having a disk shape with a diameter larger than the outer shape of the bolt is integrally formed so as to be concentrically superimposed on the screw forming side of the bolt. A magnet as a sensor is disposed in the vicinity of the periphery of the bowl-shaped portion, and is used for detecting looseness or detachment of the bolt in cooperation with a separately prepared magnetic sensitive switch. Bolt with sensor characterized by that.   In a screw fastening means comprising a bolt and a nut for fixing a member to be fixed, a hook-like portion having a disk shape having a diameter larger than the outer shape of the nut is integrally formed so as to be concentrically overlapped with the nut, A magnet as a sensor is disposed in the vicinity of the periphery of the bowl-shaped portion, and is used to detect loosening or detachment of the nut in cooperation with a magnetically-sensitive switch prepared separately. A nut with a sensor.   The bolt with a sensor according to claim 1, wherein the outer shape of the head of the bolt has a square shape or a hexagonal shape, or the head has a hexagonal hole.   The nut with a sensor according to claim 2, wherein the nut has a square shape or a hexagonal shape.   2. The bolt according to claim 1, wherein an indicator is displayed on the upper surface of the hook-like portion so that the positional relationship of the magnets arranged inside the hook-like portion can be visually recognized from above. The bolt with a sensor of 3.   3. The nut according to claim 2, wherein an indicator is displayed on the upper surface of the hook-like portion so that the positional relationship of the magnets arranged inside the hook-like portion can be visually recognized from above. 4. A nut with a sensor according to 4. A screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device comprising the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
In the state where the hook-like part is fitted in a through hole having an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hook-like part, a magnetically sensitive switch is provided close to the rotation range of the magnet, and the fixed It consists of a body member that is attracted to the member by a magnetic adsorption member,
The through hole is inserted into the hook-shaped portion of the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor in a state where the fixed member is fastened and fixed with the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor, and the magnetically sensitive switch and the magnet In the state where the main body member is arranged and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member at an initial position opposed to each other, the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor is loosened and the bowl-shaped portion rotates, Alternatively, the sensor-attached bolt or the sensor-attached nut is detached, the magnet is rotated by a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetic sensitive switch, or a predetermined amount is removed and the magnetic sensitive switch is switched. Screw loosening or screw detachment detection device characterized by detecting screw looseness or screw detachment Place. A screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device comprising the sensor-equipped bolt or the sensor-equipped nut according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The magnet is arranged so as to be proximate to a rotation range of the magnet arranged in the bowl-shaped portion, and a magnetically sensitive switch sensitive to the magnet is arranged, and the fixed member has the above-mentioned It consists of a holder body member that is adsorbed by a magnetic adsorption member,
The holder body member is brought close to the bowl-shaped portion in a state in which the fixed member is fastened and fixed by the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor, and the holder is in an initial position where the magnetism sensitive switch and the magnet face each other. In a state where the main body member is arranged and fixed to the fixed member via the magnetic force adsorbing member, the bolt with sensor or the nut with sensor is loosened and the hook-shaped part is rotated, or the hook-shaped part is detached. The magnet is rotated by a predetermined angle from the initial position with respect to the magnetic sensitive switch, or is released by a predetermined amount and the magnetic sensitive switch is switched to detect the looseness of the screw or the detached state of the screw. Screw loosening or screw detachment detection device.   The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 7, wherein the magnetic force adsorbing member is made of at least one magnet and is disposed on the back side of the main body member.   The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 9, wherein a detaching member for detaching the main body member from the state in which the main body member is adsorbed and fixed to the fixed member is provided on the main body member. .   The detachable member is a bolt that is screwed into a female screw hole penetrating from the front surface side to the back surface side of the main body member, and the main body member is fixed to the fixed member by projecting the bolt to the back surface side of the main body member. The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 10, wherein the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device is configured to be separated from the screw.   The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the magnetically sensitive switch is a reed switch.   The reed switch has a common terminal, a movable piece having one end connected to the common terminal, a first contact point that comes into contact when the magnet is in proximity, and the movable piece is in contact when the magnet is separated. The screw looseness or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 12, further comprising:   The holder unit for holding the reed switch and the cable for leading the output of the reed switch to the outside has a base part joined to the main body member or the holder main body member via a watertight member, and further, the base part of the cable and the cable The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the holder has a waterproof structure by a watertight member. The screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device according to any one of claims 7 to 14 is installed on the sensor-equipped bolts or the sensor-equipped nuts at a plurality of locations, respectively.
As the magnetic sensitive switch included in the screw loosening or screw detachment detecting device,
A common terminal, a movable piece having one end connected to the common terminal, a first contact point where the movable piece contacts when the magnet approaches,
A detection line consisting of a series circuit with a resistor having a constant resistance and one end connected to the first contact;
A short-circuit line connected to a second contact with which the movable piece contacts when the magnet is separated, and a magnetic detection circuit comprising:
By connecting the detection lines of the plurality of magnetic detection circuits and short-circuit lines in order, short-circuiting the terminal ends of the plurality of magnetic detection circuits, and measuring the resistance value at the base end of the magnetic detection circuit A screw loosening or screw detachment monitoring system configured to be able to identify a bolt with a sensor or a nut with a sensor in a loose state.

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