JP2015218990A - Heat exchanger used for surface flow-down type concentration, concentrator using heat exchanger, surface flow-down type concentration method and surface flow-down type concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a heat transfer member from being elongated and increased in size, release it from restriction in installing space through a compact formation of the device and realize a low cost by a method in which bumping phenomenon is avoided while operation is being carried out near a boiling point where high heat flow rate can be utilized, a high heat efficiency and a high concentration efficiency can be accepted.SOLUTION: This invention relates to a heat transfer body for performing a heat exchanging operation between undiluted solution within a vacuum container dropped in gravity at a flow passage formed with a plurality of grooves on an outer surface of a heat transfer body in a substantial vertical direction that are oppositely spaced apart in a horizontal direction and heat media flowing in the heat transfer body. The heat transfer body constitutes a group of heat transfer bodies in which a plurality of stages are spaced apart and arranged in a vertical direction, each of the upper end and the lower end of each of the heat transfer bodies is provided with an extremity end. A surface flow-down type concentrator using a heat exchanger is operated in such a way that bumping phenomenon is avoided while operation is being carried out near a boiling point and a high heat efficiency, a high concentration efficiency and small-sized formation of the device are pursued.

Description

  The present invention is particularly suitable for use in concentrating undiluted solutions even when the fluid to be concentrated (hereinafter referred to as undiluted solution) is easily affected by heat or when the material of the apparatus is corrosive. Heat exchanger for concentrating a stock solution flow-down type, which has been devised on the surface of a section (referred to as a heat exchanger part that takes on the function of receiving heat or releasing heat), a concentrating device using the heat exchanger, and a surface down-concentration method And an apparatus for the same. The technology of concentrating by the method in which the stock solution flows down the surface of the heat transfer section, because the stock solution flowing down the heat transfer section generates a thin film, so that heat transfer (heating and heat dissipation) is performed quickly throughout the liquid phase. In addition, it has excellent heat transfer efficiency, and is a technology that meets the needs of the times from the viewpoints of energy saving and CO2 reduction.

  In the concentration of undiluted solutions that are susceptible to heat, such as sugars and extracts, it is required to control the quality by controlling the number of times that the process goes through a transient or concentration process in a short period of time, and preferably to a predetermined concentration in a single treatment process It is required to be concentrated.

  For this purpose, it is desired that the concentration of the stock solution is controlled and supplied as a thin film solution, whereby the solvent is evaporated from the thin film and efficiently concentrated to a predetermined concentration in a single process.

  Therefore, in order to supply a small amount of undiluted solution to the heat transfer unit by the surface flow method and to reach a predetermined concentration, it is required to flow down as uniformly as possible to the heat transfer unit. It is difficult to flow down with a thin film as uniformly as possible to the part, and efficient heat exchange cannot be performed. As a result, a large number of heat transfer members are required, and the heat transfer part has to be long. Larger and more expensive.

One factor is bumping, and bumping occurs when the undiluted solution is locally overheated as a result of receiving heat in the heat transfer section, resulting in the following problems.
1) Uniform flow is hindered and concentration of the concentrated solution is insufficient 2) Stock solution or concentrated solution in the middle of concentration due to bumping (hereinafter, the latter is referred to as semi-concentrated solution, the former is collectively referred to as the latter) (Hereinafter referred to as “liquid”) is scattered while being heated, and the heat is dissipated or absorbed in the container or the wall of the container, impairing the thermal efficiency, resulting in the inhibition of the concentration efficiency. 3) The container wall surface with insufficient concentration The stock solution or semi-concentrated liquid that falls into a liquid and collides with the liquid dilutes the concentration, resulting in insufficient concentration as a whole. 4) The mist-formed stock solution or semi-concentrated liquid that is scattered due to bumping phenomenon is mixed with the solvent vapor, and the decompression mechanism Aspirated and discharged from the container

In order to eliminate such an adverse effect caused by bumping, the following methods can be considered as means for avoiding bumping.
a) Decreasing the temperature and flow rate of the heating medium used for heating.
b) Increase the flow rate of the stock solution.
c) Promote heat dissipation of the stock solution including the consumption of latent heat due to evaporation.

However,
In the method according to a), the temperature difference (logarithm average temperature difference) between the fluid on the heating side (heating medium) and the fluid on the heat receiving side (stock solution) is reduced, so that efficient heat exchange cannot be performed. A large number of heat transfer members are required, and the heat transfer site is inevitably long, resulting in an adverse effect that increases the size of the device and increases costs.
The method according to b) impairs the usefulness of the surface flow type technology in which the stock solution forms a thin film in the heat transfer section and performs efficient heat exchange. As a result, the efficiency is the same as in a). Heat exchange cannot be performed, a large number of heat transfer members are required, and the heat transfer site has to be long, resulting in an adverse effect that the apparatus becomes large and expensive.
In the method according to c), the heat received by the heat receiving fluid (stock solution) from the heating fluid (heat medium) does not stay in the heat receiving fluid (stock solution), and the heat receiving fluid (stock solution) is promptly collected. If it is consumed in latent heat by evaporation, the stock solution temperature does not reach an overheated state, and bumping can be avoided.

Here, when the uniformity of the stock solution flowing down the heat transfer section is high, arranging the situation where bumping occurs in the heat transfer section,
A) When the thin film flow breaks,
B) Even if the thin film flow is maintained, if the heating rate is excessive and overheated in the middle or downstream of the concentrate flow,
are categorized. A) is caused by, for example, a local flow of the stock solution being too small.

  By the way, in the heat exchange method often used in absorption refrigerators, a large number of heat transfer bodies are installed horizontally in a vacuum vessel, and the coolant is sprayed down to the heat transfer bodies to transfer heat by the latent heat of evaporation. There is something that cools the refrigerant flowing in the body. It does not require much power for cooling and has the advantage of energy saving. The cooling capacity secures the scale by the size and number of the heat transfer bodies, and seems to be applicable to the concentrator. The flow-down heat exchange system used in this absorption chiller is likely to give suggestions on the design of heat exchangers used for concentration.

  Of the conditions under which bumping occurs, there are two types of breakage of the thin film flow of A, when the thin film cannot maintain the expansion of the film in the tube axis direction, and when the thin film is peeled off from the heat transfer body. It is divided roughly into. For the former, for example, there is a proposal (Patent Document 1) in which an evaporating tube is provided with fins in the tube axis direction to create a flow in the tube axis direction to prevent local dryout. Patent Document 1 is an invention related to an evaporation apparatus, and the requirement is satisfied only by evaporating, but the concentration apparatus is required to have a predetermined concentration, and the heating process of concentration is as uniform as possible. It is desirable. Originally, it is best in terms of concentration efficiency to spread the stock solution over the entire surface of the heat transfer body. However, in the concentrator, if a more uniform thin film flow is not created, the flow stays and dry out. As a result, precipitates are generated, and there is a concern that the stock solution that flows down may lack a solute and cannot secure a required amount. When processing fins and grooves in the tube axis direction, the effect of distributing the stock solution in the horizontal direction can be expected, but the stock solution guided in the horizontal direction is evenly distributed in the vertical direction over the horizontal direction of the fins and grooves. It becomes difficult to flow down, and the stock solution forms a liquid pool in the vicinity of the fins or in the horizontal grooves, and there is a concern that heat transfer efficiency is deteriorated. Accordingly, if priority is given to maintaining the flow of the stock solution in the form of a uniform thin film over the entire surface of the heat transfer body, it is not preferable to widen the thin film in the tube axis direction as in Patent Document 1. It is considered preferable to ensure the maintenance of the flow by grooves along the cross section of the tube. On the other hand, this groove has an effect of increasing the contact area between the heat transfer body and the outside. For this reason, a proposal for forming a groove as a structure of a heat radiating fin for increasing the heat radiating area has also been used for a long time (Patent Document 2). However, depending on the groove design, when maintaining the flow with the groove in the concentrator, Evaporation of undiluted solution flowing through the groove may be limited, and the appropriate groove here is a groove that opens to the open part rather than the groove that accompanies the formation of the radiating fins, and the steam circulation in the groove is active Shallow groove.

  Thus, the problem is how to design the outer peripheral shape of the heat transfer body and the arrangement of the grooves to maintain the contact between the heat transfer body and the processing liquid without causing separation.

  The outer shape of the heat transfer body (hereinafter referred to as the heat transfer body shape) is not suitable, and if the thin film flow breaks due to variations in the position of separation from the heat transfer body, that is, the flow is separated from the heat transfer body at an early stage. In this case, since the heat flow from the heat transfer body after peeling is not received, the evaporation amount is reduced. In an extreme form, if the lower half of the heat transfer body is formed with a concave shape facing downward, the thin film flow that flows down the heat transfer body at the boundary where the upper half of the circular tube surface rolls into the concave shape surface is the tube. Will peel off and drop downward. Even if there is no extreme change in shape, the surface tension between the liquid flowing down the groove and the surface of the heat transfer body, the gravity acting on the liquid, and the centrifugal force of the liquid flowing on the curved surface if the heat transfer body is a perfect circle When the balance is lost, the peeling drop position from the heat transfer body is peeled and dropped before reaching the lowest end, not the lowest position.

  8A and 8B of Patent Document 3 suggest that the lower end of the heat transfer body is pointed so that the flowing liquid falls from the lowermost end of the heat transfer circular tube, but at the upper end of the heat transfer body. Since it is difficult to control the flow rate flowing left and right in the circumferential direction when viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat body, the upper end of the heat transfer body is a concave surface (FIG. 8B), and the liquid dropped from the upper heat transfer body is received by the concave surface, Although it has been proposed to flow down to the left and right circumferential surfaces evenly due to overflow from the liquid pool, if it is required to perform concentration by temporary concentration according to the present invention, circulation of the liquid in the liquid pool It is difficult to control the stagnation, and depending on the stagnation of the flow, it may lead to the formation of precipitates and cannot be employed.

  In Patent Document 4, FIG. 2d discloses a structure in which the shape of the heat transfer body is an oblong heat transfer body cross section and the upper and lower heat transfer bodies are in close contact with each other, and the close contact portion has a clearance of about 0 to 2 mm. It is proposed to form a liquid pool in the part. However, a lateral groove in the axial direction is formed in the proximity of the convex curved surfaces of the heat transfer bodies, and a retention action in the groove due to surface tension occurs. Concentration is performed by the temporary concentration according to the present invention. If this is a requirement, it is difficult to control the circulation and stagnation of the liquid in the liquid reservoir, and depending on the stagnation of the flow, it may become a source of precipitates and cannot be employed. It is important to maintain the downstream flow in the surface down concentration.

  Thus, the shape of the heat transfer body is matched with the groove of the heat transfer body, and the thin film flow from the upper side to the lower side is reliably maintained while the position where the stock solution is separated from the heat transfer body is the lowest point of the heat transfer body. A problem is found, and at the same time, on the side where the processing liquid is received from the thin film with the lower taper, a problem that the processing is equally distributed to the left and right as viewed from the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer body is also found in parallel.

  When bumping occurs, it is easiest to reduce the rate at which the stock solution receives heat so as to match or approach the rate at which the stock solution dissipates heat, that is, to reduce the temperature of the heating medium of the heating source. However, in this case, since the temperature difference between the stock solution and the heat medium becomes small, the flow-down distance necessary for concentration increases greatly, and there is a problem that the apparatus becomes large, and the problem is not solved in the first place.

  In this way, what should be done to reduce the size of the device, that is, improve the speed at which the stock solution dissipates heat by evaporation to match or approach the speed at which the stock solution receives heat, that is, excellent evaporative heat dissipation Proposing a mechanism is an issue.

  As described above, the subject of the present invention has a surface that overlaps with the subject of the downflow heat exchanger used in the evaporator and the absorption refrigerator, but the surface shape of the horizontal heat transfer body as the concentrator The point to be grooved, which has not been recognized or suggested in the past, has a different standing position from the prior art, and uses the horizontal heat transfer body used in conventional concentrators and this In such a concentrator, no solution can be found that can be used as it is.

JP-A-10-325689 JP-A-5-340646 US Pat. No. 5,645,124 JP2003-254683 JP-A-57-150798

The main problems of the present invention are as follows.
Problem 1: Ensure uniform flow through horizontal heat transfer body and prevent generation of dryout and precipitates in order to prevent bumping phenomenon by arrangement of heat transfer body and shape of heat transfer body. .
Problem 2: To devise the shape of the heat transfer body in combination with the groove of the heat transfer body, and to propose a mechanism in which the stock solution peeling position from the heat transfer body is the lowest point of the heat transfer body.
Problem 3: To propose a superior evaporative heat dissipation mechanism that improves the speed at which the stock solution dissipates heat by evaporation by matching the device so that it matches or approaches the speed at which the stock solution receives heat, thereby reducing the size of the device.
Solving the above problems, maintaining a high heating rate, avoiding overheating while using a high heat flux, achieving high thermal efficiency and concentration efficiency, thereby preventing the heat transfer member from becoming too long and downsizing the equipment Therefore, it is possible to obtain an effect of realizing low cost by releasing from the restriction of the installation space.

  The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.

<Invention of Claim 1>
Heat is generated between a stock solution that drops by gravity in a flow path formed by a plurality of substantially vertical grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body and separated in the horizontal direction, and a heat medium that flows inside the heat transfer body. A heat transfer body for exchange,
The heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer body group that is spaced apart by a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and a heat exchanger having a tapered portion at an upper end and a lower end of each heat transfer body.

(Function and effect)
In the grooved surface flow type concentration method, when the undiluted solution flows down through the groove processed on the surface of the heat transfer body by gravity, the surface tension of the undiluted solution functions inside the groove to form a very thin liquid film. By doing so, it is intended to promote heat exchange. In the invention according to claim 1, compared with the case of simply flowing down on the surface of the heat transfer body, it is dropped from the lower end of the upper heat transfer body that is separated from the upper end of the lower heat transfer body, If the upper and lower stages are close to each other, a cross-linked liquid film is generated between the heat transfer members by the surface tension effect. During this time, the undiluted solvent warmed by the heat transfer body can evaporate and diverge into the open space on both sides while flowing down across both heat transfer bodies, and it can promote evaporation, so it has high concentration performance. Even if it is cooled by evaporation during this period, even if it is overheated in the lower part of the upper heat transfer body, it is cooled by latent heat while flowing down, and overheating is so high that bumping occurs while it is heated down by the lower heat transfer body. Open up the way to make adjustments so that the situation is not reached.

  In dropping to the lower stage, the liquid flowing down from the both sides of the heat transfer body as viewed in the axial direction through the grooves formed in the substantially vertical direction on the outer periphery of the heat transfer body is collected at one point from both sides. It merges and is concentrated and dripped onto the tip of the upper end of the lower heat transfer body, and is evenly divided on the left and right sides of the lower heat transfer body surface and led down to the lower groove. When flowing down the groove, a thin film is generated by surface tension at the groove sidewall interface, the thin film promotes evaporation, and the stock solution flowing down is concentrated. As the multi-stage heat transfer material flows down, it becomes a uniform concentration treatment liquid as a whole, and in light of the requirement of concentration by transient concentration, there is no liquid pool, no stagnation, and heat transfer in the upper and lower stages. If the body spacing is adapted to the size of the droplets to be dropped and drops between the heat transfer bodies or the liquid film is bridged between the heat transfer bodies, the liquid can be made uniform by the merging action due to the action of the surface tension. Therefore, it is preferable to avoid the flow stagnation and to eliminate the formation of precipitates. Here, the taper refers to a portion that is formed to become narrower as it goes forward, as well as a pointed tip.

  In the invention according to claim 1, while the plurality of heat transfer body stages flow down from the upper stage to the lower stage, the treatment liquid is dropped during gravity drop using the substantially vertical groove on the outer surface of the heat transfer body in the high temperature region as a flow path. Is heated repeatedly, exhibits high evaporation performance, exhibits high concentration efficiency, and is appropriately liquid cooled while dropping or bridging between the heat transfer bodies, so that overheating leading to bumping can be avoided, It is possible to flow down the heat transfer surface uniformly with a thin film while avoiding bumping, realizing a predetermined heat exchange, and as a result, downsizing and reducing the capacity of the heat exchanger, avoiding an increase in the length of the heat exchanger, The apparatus is miniaturized and a low-cost heat exchanger is provided.

<Invention of Claim 2>
The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer body group in which the heat transfer bodies are arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction is arranged in a plurality of positions.

(Function and effect)
The heat transfer body is arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction by the configuration according to claim 1, forms one group, and guarantees the qualitative aspect that it is concentrated to a predetermined concentration by the flow of the upper and lower processing liquids. As described in Item 2, a plurality of the heat transfer tube groups are spaced apart to ensure a quantitative aspect of securing a predetermined enrichment amount. If the heat transfer surfaces of the heat transfer bodies are arranged so as to face each other as a plurality of spaced apart arrangement methods, even when liquid is scattered by bumping, the opposite heat transfer surfaces can be received and evaporation can be promoted by reheating.

<Invention of Claim 3>
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the groove formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body is formed to have a larger opening width toward the opening end. 4.

(Function and effect)
If the groove shape is formed so that the opening is gradually widened and the side wall surface is inclined so as to expand to the opening, the side wall surface expands to the opening as it approaches the opening. The film thickness in the vicinity of the film tip is more influenced by the surface tension and becomes thinner, the solvent evaporation rate is promoted, and the concentration efficiency is increased.

  In addition, Patent Document 5 discloses a heat transfer body having a groove having a repetitive shape of peaks and valleys in the axial direction on the outer surface. Although proposed, the present invention does not aim at efficient heat transfer in the peak (the interval between the grooves is not specified), but rather causes the stock solution to flow down preferentially in the valley (in the groove) instead of the peak. However, it differs in that it takes an approach that aims at efficient heat exchange by forming a thin film using the surface tension of the stock solution in the groove.

<Invention of Claim 4>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap between the grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body is formed in a mountain shape having an adjacent groove as a valley.

(Function and effect)
In the invention according to claim 1, as compared with the case where the treatment liquid is simply allowed to flow down to the heat transfer body group, the lower end of the upper heat transfer body that is separated from the lower end of the heat transfer body is dropped from the upper end of the lower heat transfer body. If the distance between the upper and lower heat transfer bodies is adapted to the size of the drops to be dropped and the liquid film is bridged between the heat transfer bodies or the liquid film is bridged between the heat transfer bodies, Depending on the conditions, the heat transfer body may be spread and flow down to the outer surface of the heat transfer body.

  Even in such a case, the present invention establishes a mechanism in which liquid gathers again in the groove to form a thin film at the groove side wall interface and exhibits an active evaporation action. In other words, if the gap between the grooves is formed in a mountain shape with the adjacent grooves as valleys, the liquid dripping on the outer surface of the heat transfer body between the grooves from the liquid film formed in the fine details between the grooves is the surface tension of the mountain-shaped part. The process of sucking between the grooves and merging into the grooves and increasing the concentration causes the grooves to flow down. The treatment liquid contained in the groove forms a thin film by the action of surface tension on the side wall and actively evaporates.

<Invention of Claim 5>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat transfer body has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer body that is symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis.

(Function and effect)
The heat exchanger of the heat exchanger according to claim 1, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction does not necessarily have to be a regular polygon, a perfect circle, or an ellipse, but the right and left flow speeds are uniform. It is preferable that the outer edge of the cross section is symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis. Even when the cross-sectional shape is not symmetric, the groove path length is preferably the same on the left and right.

<Invention of Claim 6>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger according to claim 1 has a rhombic vertical cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger. .

(Function and effect)
In the heat exchanger according to claim 1, if the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer body is a rhombus and the apexes of the rhombus are arranged as an upper end and a lower end, the steps spaced apart from each other are the upper stages. The structure that drops from the lower end tip of the heat transfer body to the upper end tip of the lower heat transfer body can be realized with the simplest shape, is easy to manufacture, is economical, and meets the purpose of low cost. . In order to avoid separation of the falling liquid from the heat transfer body, it is preferable that the major axis of the rhombus is in the vertical direction, and the corner of the minor axis is preferably rounded.

<Invention of Claim 7>
The heat transfer body of the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein an upper end and a lower end of a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction are circular or oval with a tapered shape. A heat exchanger according to claim 1.

(Function and effect)
The dropping between the steps of the heat transfer body group according to the present invention is configured to drop from the tip of the upper step detail to the tip of the lower step detail. The liquid flowing down one side of the upper stage and the liquid flowing down the other side merge together at the tip of the tip, and reach the tip of the tip of the lower stage. By adjusting the flow rate, the undiluted solution flows into the bridge as a continuous fluid instead of dripping, and in the lower heat transfer body, the flow is divided into left and right when viewed from the tube axis direction, and flows down monotonously on the outer peripheral surfaces of the left and right heat transfer bodies. Do (descent). The liquid flowing down in this way provides the effect of uniforming the variation of the left and right sides of the outer periphery of the heat transfer body by joining and branching at the opposite tapered portions of the upper and lower heat transfer bodies, and uniformly on the heat transfer body surface Provides the action of flowing down with a thin film. In this regard, even if the upper end part is dropped or flowed down from the upper stage to the lower part of the heat transfer body having a circular or oval cross section with no shape ingenuity, branching to the left and right on the outer peripheral surface after dropping is not possible. It is stable, and there is a possibility that a deviation in the flow down to any surface may occur due to the liquid surface shape at the upper end of the lower heat transfer body formed by chance. On the side where the bias is generated, the temperature of the liquid becomes insufficient due to an excessive flow rate, and on the side where the flow rate is reduced due to the bias, there is a possibility that dry out may occur. Therefore, even if the cross-sectional shape is circular or oval, it is preferable that the heat transfer body has a tapered shape at the upper and lower ends of the cross-sectional shape. Also in this case, it is preferable that the major axis of the ellipse is the vertical direction in order to avoid peeling from the outer peripheral surface and to secure a contact distance between the liquid and the outer peripheral surface of the heat transfer body.

<Invention of Claim 8>
The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer body is a polygon having a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof and an even number of sides. It arrange | positions at an end, The heat exchanger as described in any one of Claims 1-5 characterized by the above-mentioned.

(Function and effect)
When a polygon with a number of sides equal to or greater than the rhombus is used as the cross-sectional shape, if the vertices are arranged as the upper and lower ends in the same way as the rhombus, the heat transfer from the lower end of the upper heat transfer element to the lower heat transfer between the steps separated from each other It is possible to realize the configuration of dropping onto the upper end details of the body with the simplest shape, which is easy and economical to manufacture, and in line with the main point of aiming at low cost, the rhombic cross-sectional shape according to claim 3 It is the same as that of the heat exchanger which has, and it is the same also that it is preferable to give the corners other than an upper end part and a lower end part roundness.

<Invention of Claim 9>
The heat transfer body group includes a heat transfer body in which the heat medium temperature or flow rate of one or more heat transfer passages in the heat transfer body is changed, and a heat transfer medium is passed through the one or more heat transfer passages in the heat transfer body. 9. The heat transfer body according to claim 1, further comprising at least one heat transfer body of a non-heat transfer body or a heat transfer body that causes a refrigerant to flow through one or more flow paths in the heat transfer body. Heat exchanger.

(Function and effect)
Depending on the thermal design, the stock solution is not sufficiently cooled due to the consumption of latent heat of vaporization when flowing from the upper stage to the lower stage as described in the operational effect of the invention described in claim 1, and the flow is reduced by reheating from the lower heat transfer body. It may exceed the critical point and become overheated. In such a case, the heating medium is allowed to flow in the upper stage, but the heating medium is not allowed to flow in the lower stage heat transfer body. After the temperature is lowered, reheating is performed in the next stage to avoid bumping. Even if it is overheated at the lower part of the upper heat transfer body, it is cooled by latent heat of vaporization during the flow of the bridge between the heat transfer bodies, and while cooling down, it continues cooling and reaches the overheat state so that bumping occurs. Configure a mechanism to prevent bumping. The number of heat transfer elements that flow the heat medium and the heat transfer element that does not flow the heat medium are not limited to one, but each is composed of two or more heat transfer elements as elements of a set, and multiple sets are stacked in the vertical direction. The heat transfer body is provided with a plurality of channels, and the temperature of the stock solution flowing down is managed by changing the heat medium temperature and flow rate of some channels.

  When concentrating a stock solution containing a substance that is particularly vulnerable to heat, it is possible to quickly cool after the refrigerant has flowed through the heat medium flow path of some heat transfer bodies to complete the concentration to a predetermined concentration. The effect of controlling the temperature more finely is obtained.

A heat exchanger is comprised by the multistage structure of the heat-transfer body which adjusts the temperature of a heat-transfer body finely by the combination of the above various heat-medium temperature. With this heat exchanger,
1) Arrangement of heat transfer body group and heat transfer body shape ingenuity in order to prevent bumping phenomenon in advance to ensure even flow through horizontal heat transfer body group, and no dryout / precipitate is generated 2) The shape of the heat transfer body is devised in combination with the groove of the heat transfer body to realize a mechanism in which the position where the stock solution is peeled and dropped from the heat transfer body is the lowest point of the heat transfer body. Realizes an evaporative heat release mechanism that improves the speed so that it matches or approaches the speed at which the stock solution receives heat. 4) The physical properties of the stock solution are weak against heat. Maintaining a high heating rate, such as realizing a mechanism to prevent alteration, avoiding overheating while using a high heat flux, achieving high thermal efficiency and concentration efficiency, thereby preventing the heat transfer member from becoming too long, Small size frees you from installation space constraints , To provide an effect of realizing a low cost, it is also possible to prevent the influence of quality degradation occurs with the stock solution is placed in prolonged high-temperature conditions (alteration).

<Invention of Claim 10>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the groove according to claim 1 is gradually widened in the downstream direction at least downstream.

(Function and effect)
In the surface down concentration method, the concentration of the liquid increases as it drops and goes downstream. In many cases, the viscosity increases as the liquid concentration increases. Therefore, in many of these cases, the viscosity resistance increases toward the downstream. Therefore, depending on the balance between the volume phenomenon due to the evaporation of the solvent and the viscosity resistance that increases toward the downstream, it is necessary to reduce the viscosity resistance. Otherwise, the liquid film becomes thicker as it goes downstream, and it may overflow from the groove and become unstable. In order to prevent the adverse effect, it is preferable that the width is increased in the downstream direction in consideration of the characteristics of the solvent / solute. As a result, it is possible to secure an even flow and to obtain an effect that enables the concentrated liquid to be concentrated to a predetermined concentration.

<Invention of Claim 11>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a gap between the grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body is formed in a mountain shape having a groove as an adjacent groove.

(Function and effect)
In the invention according to claim 1, as compared with the case where the treatment liquid is simply allowed to flow down to the heat transfer body group, the lower end of the upper heat transfer body that is separated from the lower end of the heat transfer body is dropped from the upper end of the lower heat transfer body. If the distance between the upper and lower heat transfer bodies is adapted to the size of the drops to be dropped and the liquid film is bridged between the heat transfer bodies or the liquid film is bridged between the heat transfer bodies, Depending on the conditions, it may spread to the outer surface of the heat transfer body between the grooves and flow down.

  Even in such a case, the present invention establishes a mechanism in which liquid gathers again in the groove to form a thin film at the groove side wall interface and exhibits an active evaporation action. In other words, if the gap between the grooves is formed in a mountain shape with the adjacent grooves as valleys, the liquid dripping on the outer surface of the heat transfer body between the grooves from the liquid film formed in the fine details between the grooves is the surface tension of the mountain-shaped part. The process of sucking between the grooves and merging into the grooves and increasing the concentration causes the grooves to flow down. The treatment liquid contained in the groove forms a thin film by the action of surface tension on the side wall and actively evaporates.

<Invention of Claim 12>
The upper and lower portions of the main body of the heat transfer body are provided with tapered portions toward the end portions, and between the tapered portions, via a liquid reservoir recess extending in the horizontal direction with the base side of each tapered detail. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the flow paths are formed on both outer surfaces of the main body of the heat transfer body.

<Effect>
In the invention which concerns on Claim 12, a groove | channel is formed in both the outer surface of a heat-transfer plate shape and a heat-transfer plate, a stock solution thin film is formed in a groove side wall interface, and it is supplied from a heat-medium flow path. The treatment liquid is evaporated based on the heat flow. The heat transfer plate constitutes a heat transfer plate group composed of a plurality of stages separated from each other, and a processing capacity that meets the concentration specification can be configured by a flexible arrangement.
The upper and lower parts of the main body of the heat transfer body are provided with a taper toward the end, and between these two taper points, through a liquid pool recess extending horizontally with the base side of each taper. The undiluted solution is stretched in the horizontal direction by the capillary effect in the gaps of the recesses, so that the solution spreads in all the grooves.

<Invention of Claim 13>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heat transfer body is a ceramic material whose base material has better thermal conductivity than stainless steel.

(Function and effect)
Depending on the surface tension and wettability of the substrate, the heat transfer body forms grooves with a width and depth of about 1 mm to 0.5 mm on the surface. Such grooves are made of metal. If it exists, the surface can be easily activated, and shock waves are also generated by the occurrence of bumping, which may promote surface deterioration. On the other hand, ceramics mainly composed of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, and alumina have thermal conductivity characteristics that are generally higher than those of metals in general if they can be extruded while forming grooves with a width and depth of about 1 mm to 0.5 mm on the surface. And is suitable as a base material for the heat transfer member according to the present invention.

<Invention of Claim 14>
The base material surface of the heat transfer body is coated with a stainless steel material, a ceramic material, or a high thermal conductivity polymer material having higher heat conductivity than the base material. The heat exchanger according to item.

(Function and effect)
The substrate is selected from characteristics such as corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity with hot water, for example, hot water, compatibility and workability such as durability, assembly and manufacturing, and cost, while conducting heat exchange with the stock solution. It is preferable to select the surface of the thermal body, including optimization of wettability, by selecting an optimal amount of coating material in consideration of corrosion resistance with the stock solution and thermal conductivity.

<Invention of Claim 15>
The heat exchanger according to claim 13, wherein the ceramic material is mainly composed of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or alumina.

(Function and effect)
Silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or alumina has a high thermal conductivity among ceramics and is suitable as a material for the heat transfer member. The main component here means a component occupying 50% by mass or more with respect to 100% by mass of all components constituting the ceramic. The main component may be identified by using an X-ray diffraction method, and the content of the main component may be determined by a fluorescent X-ray analysis method or an ICP emission analysis method.

<Invention of Claim 16>
A surface flow type concentrator using at least one of the heat exchangers according to claims 1 to 15 as an evaporator installed in a vacuum vessel connected to a vacuum means.

(Function and effect)
It is invention about the apparatus which manufactures the concentrate of a stock solution using the surface flow type heat exchanger which concerns on this invention.

<Invention of Claim 17>
The concentration device according to claim 16, wherein the number of flow path grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer device decreases as it flows down to the lower stage.

(Function and effect)
18. A surface-flow type concentrator according to claim 17, wherein a stock solution distribution means is provided above the heat transfer body group having a laminated structure, and a multi-stage configuration is provided in which the stock solution flows down to each heat transfer body. The liquid is concentrated and the volume decreases. Therefore, if the number of channels remains the same, the flowing liquid will be interrupted, causing dryout and bumping. If the concentration is high, the viscosity will increase and the viscosity resistance will increase. The risk of sudden boiling is increased. Therefore, as it goes to the lower stage, the grooves are merged, the flow rate through the grooves is secured, the bumping phenomenon is prevented in advance, the uniform flow down in the horizontal heat transfer body group is ensured, and dryout / precipitate is not generated It is said.

<Invention of Claim 18>
The concentrating device according to any one of claims 16 and 17, further comprising means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the heat transfer body.

(Function and effect)
When steady vibration is applied to the heat transfer body with an ultrasonic vibrator, moderate vibration promotes uniform flow and can be expected to promote evaporation, contributing to liquid flow and stabilization of evaporation.

<Invention of Claim 19>
A surface flow type concentration method using a plurality of stages of heat transfer bodies in a vacuum vessel connected to a vacuum means,
A step in which the stock solution is dropped or flowed down on the tapered portion formed at the uppermost end of the heat transfer body;
A step in which a stock solution flowing through a groove formed in the heat transfer body forms a thin film at the interface between the falling liquid and the groove side wall and evaporates;
The stock solution liquid film does not peel off from the outer surface of the upper heat transfer body and joins the tapered portion formed at the lowermost end of the heat transfer body; and
The stock solution that has flowed down to the lowermost end of the upper heat transfer body drops or flows down from the lower end of the lower end of the heat transfer body to the upper end of the lower end of the lower heat transfer body.
A surface flow type concentration method characterized in that the liquid is repeated until the heat transfer material from the upper stage to the lower stage flows down and drops to the bottom of the vacuum vessel.

(Function and effect)
It is invention about the concentration method of undiluted | stock solution using the surface-flow type heat exchanger which concerns on this invention.

<Invention of Claim 20>
Means for detecting the occurrence of bumping;
Means for determining and controlling bumping according to a rule set in advance;
Means for controlling operating conditions,
If it is a decision to promote evaporation in light of the occurrence of bumping and the above rules,
Control the operation to promote evaporation,
If it is determined to suppress bumping in light of the occurrence of bumping and the above rules,
The concentration method according to claim 19, further comprising a bumping control unit that controls operation to suppress evaporation.

(Function and effect)
Bumping should be recognized as a stochastic process that involves complicatedly the liquid overheating state, the viscosity and heat characteristics of the liquid, the flow on the heat transfer surface, the wettability of the heat transfer surface, and the local temperature of the heat transfer surface. In the surface flow type concentration method according to the method, a liquid with a small flow rate called a liquid film is heated, and if it is aimed at miniaturization, it must be the operating condition that causes local overheating, and such a limit Under such conditions, it is better to monitor locally generated bumping and reflect this occurrence in the operating conditions rather than pursuing control to avoid overheating depending on the operating conditions.

  Based on this concept, the invention according to claim 20 includes means for controlling operating conditions and means for detecting the occurrence of bumping, detecting the occurrence of bumping by the latter, grasping the driving situation from the occurrence of bumping, By means of determining and controlling bumping according to the set rule, and by means of this means, the operation status is input, and if it is evaluated and determined that even if bumping occurs even slightly due to overheating, the means for controlling the operating condition The operating conditions for suppressing bumping, for example, the heating medium flow rate, the pressure in the heat exchanger container, etc. are changed, or the amount of evaporation is not sufficient as a whole, and heating to the extent that predetermined bumping still occurs If it is determined that the amount of evaporation should be promoted, the conditions for promoting evaporation, such as an increase in the flow rate of the heat medium, the heat exchanger To change the operating conditions of reduced pressure such as in the container.

  The means to detect the bumping occurrence situation is based on the fact that bumping is a physical phenomenon rather than indirect means such as temperature, flow rate, pressure, etc., detecting the sound wave of bumping occurrence by an ultrasonic sensor, the heat transfer surface by a camera, Direct monitoring of the atmosphere in the container is effective and preferable.

<Invention of Claim 21>
A concentrator using the surface flow type concentrating method according to any one of claims 19 and 20.

(Function and effect)
It is invention about the apparatus which manufactures the concentrate of a stock solution using the surface flow type | formula concentration method which concerns on this invention. The concentration apparatus according to a twenty-first aspect corresponds to a manufacturing facility that embodies the surface-flow type concentration method according to any one of the nineteenth and twentieth aspects. An apparatus for producing a concentrate of a stock solution using the production method corresponds to the production apparatus of the invention of the production method of the present invention.

<Invention of Claim 22>
The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the heat transfer body using the ceramic material is formed by extrusion molding or pressure molding.

(Function and effect)
Unlike a metal material, a ceramic material can form a groove by extrusion or pressure molding. If the groove is not formed by a process such as cutting, the cost can be reduced. With this method, there is no possibility of deformation of the material due to the processing of the grooves or deformation when heated by residual stress. Furthermore, ceramic materials have the property of being extremely resistant to corrosion. Ceramics also have a large merit if a technology for precise sintering can be established because thermal expansion is smaller than that of stainless steel. In particular, extrusion molding is suitable for manufacturing a plate-type heat transfer body having the same groove shape in the extrusion direction. Ceramic materials that do not have the same groove shape in the extrusion direction, such as those in which the grooves are skewed, are preferably formed by pressure forming, and do not require metal processing, and can use a forming method suitable for mass production. Is the advantage.

It is a schematic side view which shows one embodiment of the concentration apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the process liquid dripped from the heat exchanger groove | channel of a rhombus cross-section among one Embodiment of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the laminated stack structure of the heat exchanger in one Embodiment of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 2nd embodiment of the heat exchanger laminated structure of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 3rd embodiment of the heat exchanger laminated structure of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows the perfect circular cross-section provided with the projecting end which shows the 4th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows the ellipse cross-sectional shape provided with the projecting end which shows the 5th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows the cross-sectional shape which provided the fin in the heat exchanger inner surface which shows the 6th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows the cross-sectional shape which provided the fin in the heat exchanger inner surface which shows the 7th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram explaining the bridge | crosslinking liquid formed in the opposing projecting end. It is functional cooperation explanatory drawing of the concentration apparatus provided with the bump boiling control means which concerns on 8th embodiment. It is a horizontal sectional view which shows the detail of the groove part of a heat exchanger. It is a schematic diagram which shows the laminated stack structure of the heat-transfer body structure in 9th embodiment of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an embodiment of a concentrating device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is dropped from a heat transfer body groove having a rhombic cross section in one embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a treatment liquid, and FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a laminated stack structure of heat transfer bodies in an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchanger 2 used in the concentration apparatus 1 according to the present invention has a liquid evaporation function and is installed in a vacuum container 41. The heat exchanger 10 of the heat exchanger is horizontally stacked in a vacuum vessel and supported by end plates 42 and 47. The vacuum vessel is sucked from the exhaust port 45 by the vacuum means and set to the processing pressure. The stock solution is introduced from the stock solution inlet 44 and dropped into the groove 11 (see FIG. 2) of the heat transfer body 10 installed at the top of the heat exchanger 2 from the stock solution splitter 43 via the stock solution distributor 46. . As shown in FIG. 2, in the heat transfer body, hot water as a heat medium is flowed in the internal flow path, and heat exchange is performed with the processing liquid flowing down using the groove 11 formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body as the flow path. The solvent is evaporated and the liquid is concentrated. The heat transfer bodies 10 installed horizontally are stacked in multiple stages in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat transfer body 10 is a rhombus that has tapered shapes 14 and 15 at the upper and lower ends thereof, and has a symmetrical shape when viewed from the cross section, and is formed on the outer periphery that forms the left and right flow paths. The stroke length of the groove is the same on the left and right, and an equal flow is realized on the left and right. The angle of the rhombus is formed as a moderately long shape, and at the horizontal end, it is rounded to avoid stagnation, and roundness is formed so that the processing liquid flowing down the outer surface does not peel off due to gravity and flow centrifugal force. Has been.

  The lower end of the upper heat transfer body 10 is formed in a taper 14, and if the separation distance is large from the tip, the treatment liquid flowing down from the left and right is evenly dropped onto the lower heat transfer body 10 as drops 12. In the present invention, the stock solution to be dripped is received by the tapered portion 15 formed at the upper end of the lower heat transfer member sufficiently close to each other, and the two are disposed close to each other. When bridging is generated and the flow rate is high, the bridging 17 is formed across the grooves and is led to the grooves 11 formed on the outer periphery of the lower heat transfer body 10. The outer peripheral portion of the liquid is caused to flow down by the action of gravity, and thereafter, this is repeated, and the droplet 13 is dropped on the lower heat transfer body 10. When dripping from the lowermost heat transfer body 10 of the heat exchanger 2 is completed, the concentration step S0 is completed, and the concentrated liquid is discharged from the liquid outlet 48. An ultrasonic vibrator 50 is installed in the heat exchanger 2, and the heat exchanger is vibrated to promote the outflow of the stock solution from the stock solution splitter 43, promote the dropping of liquid droplets from the heat transfer body, and the heat transfer body surface. Accelerates evaporation and prevents dirt from sticking. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat transfer body 10 in the heat exchanger 2 is stacked both vertically and horizontally, and performs heat exchange processing in a compact space to realize an economical configuration.

  In FIG. 1, when dropping from the stock solution splitter 43 to the heat transfer body 10 installed at the top of the heat exchanger 2, the same principle as described above is used to form a bridge 17 across the grooves, The liquid is evenly distributed to achieve uniform concentration.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the heat transfer body laminated structure of the heat exchanger according to the present invention. The processing liquid heated by the uppermost heat transfer body 10 in FIG. 4 reaches the overheating region and may cause bumping if it is continuously heated by the heat transfer body 20 at the next stage. The stage heat transfer body 20 does not flow hot water, and the processing liquid evaporates and radiates heat while flowing down the grooves on the outer surface due to residual heat. In the next-stage heat transfer body 10, hot water is passed through the heat transfer body, the treatment liquid is heated again, actively evaporates, drops on the next-stage heat transfer body 20 where hot water is not passed, and again radiates heat. Cooled to prevent bumping due to overheating. In this way, the heating / evaporation zone in which the heat medium flows in the pipe and the evaporative liquid cooling zone in which the heat medium does not flow in the pipe are alternately configured to realize appropriate temperature control as a whole. By utilizing this multi-stage configuration, instead of flowing a heat medium through the flow path, a heat medium with a lowered temperature can be flowed so that the temperature adjustment can be managed more finely. Depending on the type of the undiluted solution, the solution can be cooled quickly to reduce the reforming due to temperature.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of the heat transfer body laminated structure of the heat exchanger according to the present invention. The concentration of the processing liquid flowing down from the upper stage to the lower stage of the heat transfer body 10 increases and the processing capacity decreases as it goes to the lower stage. Therefore, when the heat exchange treatment is performed with the same heat flow as that of the upper stage portion, the flow may be interrupted and an overheating state may occur, and inconveniences such as precipitation may occur due to dryout. In this embodiment, as the volume of the processing liquid decreases from the upper stage to the lower stage, the flow path is reduced from 24 to 12 and further to 6, and a constant processing liquid is always passed through the flow path. A certain amount of flow speed is secured to achieve uniform processing. The number of grooves of the heat transfer body 10 is halved when going to the heat transfer body 21, and further reduced by half when going down to the heat transfer body 31. Between the heat transfer bodies 10 and 21, a cross-linking 23 of the treatment liquid is generated between the adjacent details, and flows down to the lower heat transfer body 21. The liquid that has dropped from the groove of the lower heat transfer body and dripped between the grooves also overflowed due to the effect of surface tension because the outer surface between the grooves was crested between adjacent grooves. The treatment liquid 22 is also drawn into the groove 11. A mechanism for automatically merging the processing liquid into the groove is incorporated.
In the hot water that is a heat medium flowing inside the heat transfer body, the uppermost heat transfer body 11 is flowed to the high temperature water, the middle heat transfer body 21 is flowed to the medium temperature water, and the lowermost stage 31 is flowed to the low temperature water. The temperature control of each heat transfer body is performed finely for each heat transfer body. The lowermost portion 31 is low-temperature water, and can lower the temperature of the concentrated liquid quickly, and can also provide an effect of preventing alteration due to the temperature of the concentrated liquid.

FIG. 6: is a schematic cross section which shows the perfect circular cross-sectional shape provided with a projecting end among the 4th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer body 10 is a perfect circle, and details are provided at the upper and lower ends. It is a simple shape.
FIG. 7: is a schematic cross section which shows the ellipse cross-sectional shape provided with a projecting end among the 5th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. The cross-sectional shape is an ellipse, and when flowing down the groove on the outer surface, the liquid is less likely to be peeled and dropped midway than the perfect circular cross-sectional shape.
FIG. 8: is a schematic cross section which shows the cross-sectional shape of what provided the fin in the heat exchanger inner surface among the 6th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. Fins are provided on the inner surface of the heat transfer body to improve the efficiency of heat exchange with hot water.
FIG. 9: is a schematic cross section which shows the cross-sectional shape of what provided the fin in the heat exchanger inner surface among the 7th embodiment of the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger which concerns on this invention. Fins are provided on the inner surface of the heat transfer body to improve the efficiency of heat exchange with hot water.
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the cross-linking liquid 16 formed at the opposing protruding ends. Since the upper and lower ends of the heat transfer body are tapered, surface tension acts between the tapered portions 14 and 15 when dropped, a bridge 16 is formed by the processing liquid, and the processing liquid is equally distributed to the left and right in the lower stage, A uniform concentration process is realized.

  FIG. 11 is a functional linkage explanatory diagram of the concentrating device including the bumping control means according to the eighth embodiment. It is an inter-process linkage diagram of a concentration method in which a bumping control step S15 is added to the concentration step S0 shown in the first embodiment. The protrusion control step S15 includes substeps of a protrusion occurrence detection step, a bump boiling determination step, and an operation control step.

  In the protrusion occurrence detection step S1, the ultrasonic signal level is converted into an ultrasonic signal generated by bump generation by an ultrasonic sensor at every measurement time interval, and is input to the operation control device after analog-digital signal conversion.

  The bumping determination step S2 depends on various factors such as the type of concentrated concentrate, the required concentration, and the heat transfer surface temperature, but it is determined that bumping has occurred on 20% of the heat transfer surface. If the ultrasonic signal level is received, the operation control process is instructed to refer to the bumping determination rule S3 set in advance and to suppress bumping.

  Operation control process S4 changes an operation condition with the conditions instruct | indicated from a bumping determination process, and performs the preset operation mode. If it is an operation mode in which bumping should be suppressed, an operating condition for suppressing bumping is instructed, for example, a change such as suppression of the heat medium flow rate, increase of the pressure in the heat exchanger storage container, etc., by automatic operation or by manual operation Change operating conditions.

  When evaluating that the amount of evaporation should be promoted, the conditions for promoting evaporation, the increase in the flow rate of the heat medium, the pressure reduction in the heat exchanger container, etc. are changed by means for controlling the operating conditions.

  By using this concentration method, it is possible to optimize the concentration conditions, prevent solute precipitation due to excessive operation, eliminate waste of heat balance, and ensure the required concentration capacity.

  The heat transfer body configuration of a plurality of heat transfer body shapes and multistage configurations of the present invention need not be the same in all of the heat exchangers, and even if they are combined, a part thereof corresponds to each claim. Any configuration may be adopted as the invention according to the invention.

  FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of the groove in the embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of grooves 19 are formed on the surface of the heat transfer body 10. The shape of the groove acting as a flow path is characterized in that the side surface of the groove is formed to have a larger opening width toward the opening end, and the opening is gradually widened so that the side wall surface 70 extends to the opening. If the groove shape is formed so that the inclination angle is formed, the side wall surface 70 expands to the opening as it gets closer to the opening. In the groove, the same inclination angle is given to the opening end. The film thickness in the vicinity of the tip is more affected by the surface tension, and the thin film 71 is generated and further thinned. The evaporation of the solvent is promoted, and the concentration efficiency is increased.

  Between the grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body 11, a chevron 72 is formed with the adjacent grooves 11 as valleys. Depending on the conditions of dripping from the upper stage of the heat transfer body, the treatment liquid 73 may spread and flow down on the outer surface of the heat transfer body between the lower grooves.

  Even in such a case, the treatment liquid 73 falls again from the peak as shown by the arrow in the figure due to the action of surface tension, and gathers again to form the thin film 71 at the groove side wall interface 70, thereby exhibiting an active evaporation action. If the gap between the grooves is formed in a chevron 72 having a trough in the adjacent groove, the liquid 73 dripping on the outer surface of the heat transfer body between the grooves from the liquid film generated in the tapered detail between the grooves is the surface tension of the chevron shaped part. The processing liquid that is sucked between the grooves and joined into the grooves is given, and the processing liquid having increased concentration flows down the grooves. The treatment liquid contained in the groove forms a thin film 71 on the side wall by the action of surface tension, and actively evaporates.

  FIG. 13: is a schematic diagram which shows the laminated stack structure 5 of the heat exchanger which is 9th embodiment which concerns on this invention. A heat transfer body 81 vertically installed in a vacuum vessel connected to a vacuum means is bonded to the heat transfer body core 80 to form a heat transfer body structure, and is installed in a stacked stack configuration through a support hole. A stock solution that flows down into grooves 11 provided on both vertical surfaces of the heat transfer body 81 and forms a thin film while falling by gravity at the groove side wall interface formed by opening the grooves toward the opening, and heat transfer This is a surface downflow type plate concentrator for exchanging heat with a heat medium flowing through a plurality of heat medium channels 84 provided inside the body core 80 to concentrate the stock solution.

  The heat transfer member structure separates the heat transfer members 81 to form a heat transfer member structure group composed of a plurality of stacks and a plurality of rows, and the upper end and the lower end of each heat transfer member structure are tapered 14 and 15. In the liquid flow from the upper heat transfer body structure to the lower heat transfer body structure, there is a drop of liquid droplets between the taper 14 at the lowermost end of the upper heat transfer body structure and the taper 15 at the uppermost stage of the lower heat transfer body structure. Adjacent heat transfer bodies 82 and 83 are stacked in the row direction with a plurality of rows separated from each other so that a liquid film is generated. The stock solution is sequentially transferred from the upper heat transfer member structure to the lower heat transfer member structure. The stock solution which is dropped or flowed down through the tapered portions 14 and 15 and flows down each stage of the heat transfer body structure is dropped or flowed down to the lowest stage to be concentrated at the bottom of the vacuum vessel.

  The stock solution flowing down to the top of the heat transfer structure is formed with a tapered top so that the stock solution is distributed on both sides. When the undiluted solution flows down the outer surface of the heat transfer body core and flows into a small gap 86 formed by the heat transfer body and the heat transfer body core, a uniform film is formed to the full width of the heat transfer body by the action of surface tension. The uniform film is sucked into the grooves 11 and flows down evenly. Even if the stock solution drips between the grooves, the gap between the grooves of the heat transfer body 81 is formed in the chevron 72, and even if the stock solution drips between the grooves, the liquid drops into the groove due to the surface tension of the chevron. Is included.

1) When the processing liquid reaches the lower end 14 of the heat transfer body structure, a liquid film is formed between the tip formed on the upper end 15 of the lower heat transfer body structure. The liquid concentrated on both sides is united by this cross-linked film, and flows down to the heat transfer bodies on both sides again at the edge.
2) In the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
3) Concentration can be changed by changing the number of stack stages of the heat transfer structure by using the stacked stack structure of the heat transfer structure. 4) The equipment configuration can be standardized for each heat transfer structure as a unit, Larger designs can be easily made by increasing the number of stacks and the number of horizontal stacking matrices in the thermal structure.
5) Precise temperature control such as changing the heat medium for each stage of the heat transfer body structure, changing the heat medium temperature for each heat medium hole flowing inside the heat transfer body core, or not heating in these units. it can.
6) A mechanism for collecting the stock solution in the groove is incorporated, and an efficient concentration and a uniform concentrated solution can be provided.
7) The heat transfer structure is convenient for the configuration of the laminated stack, saves space in the apparatus, contributes to energy saving, and meets the object of the invention.

  The embodiment according to the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  The present invention relates to a surface flow-type concentration method, and is particularly suitable for use in concentrating a stock solution that is easily affected by heat, and can be implemented with a small energy-saving device, and provides a high-purity concentrate by a single flow at a low temperature. To do.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Concentrator, 2 ... Heat exchanger, 10 ... Heat transfer body, 11 ... Groove, 12, 13 ... Droplet, 14 ... Bottom end tip detail, 15 ... Top end tip detail, 19 ... Heat-transfer surface groove group, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 23 ... Crosslinked liquid film, 22 ... Liquid dripping, 40 ... Heat-medium flow path (refrigerant flow path), 41 ... Vacuum container, 42 ... End plate, 43 ... Stock solution splitter, 44 ... Stock solution inlet, 45 ... Discharge port, 46 ... Stock solution distributor, 48 ... Concentrate outlet, 70 ... Groove side wall, 71 ... Thin film liquid, 72 ... Inter-groove mountain shape, 73 ... Liquid sag, 80 ... Heat transfer core, 81 ... Heat transfer, 82, 83 ... Opposing Heat transfer body, 84 ... Heat transfer medium port, 85 ... Heat transfer body core support hole, 86 ... Treatment liquid distribution splitter, S0 ... Concentration process, S15 ... Bump control process, S1 ... Bump generation detection process, S2 ... Bump determination, S3 ... Sudden boiling judgment rule, S4 ... Operation control process

Claims (22)

Heat is generated between a stock solution that drops by gravity in a flow path formed by a plurality of substantially vertical grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body and separated in the horizontal direction, and a heat medium that flows inside the heat transfer body. A heat transfer body for exchange,
The heat exchanger comprises a heat transfer body group that is spaced apart by a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and a heat exchanger having a tapered portion at an upper end and a lower end of each heat transfer body.   The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer body group in which the heat transfer bodies are arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction is arranged in a plurality of positions.   3. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a side surface of the groove formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body is formed to have a larger opening width toward the opening end. 4.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap between the grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body is formed in a mountain shape having an adjacent groove as a valley.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat transfer body has a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer body that is symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the heat exchanger of the heat exchanger according to claim 1 has a rhombic vertical cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger. .   The heat transfer body of the heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein an upper end and a lower end of a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction are circular or oval with a tapered shape. A heat exchanger according to claim 1.   The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat transfer body is a polygon having a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof and an even number of sides. It arrange | positions at an end, The heat exchanger as described in any one of Claims 1-5 characterized by the above-mentioned.     The heat transfer body group includes a heat transfer body in which the heat medium temperature or flow rate of one or more heat transfer passages in the heat transfer body is changed, and a heat transfer medium is passed through the one or more heat transfer passages in the heat transfer body. 9. The heat transfer body according to claim 1, further comprising at least one heat transfer body of a non-heat transfer body or a heat transfer body that causes a refrigerant to flow through one or more flow paths in the heat transfer body. Heat exchanger.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the groove according to claim 1 is gradually widened in the downstream direction at least downstream. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a gap between the grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer body is formed in a mountain shape having a groove as an adjacent groove.   The upper and lower portions of the main body of the heat transfer body are provided with tapered portions toward the end portions, and between the tapered portions, via a liquid reservoir recess extending in the horizontal direction with the base side of each tapered detail. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the flow paths are formed on both outer surfaces of the main body of the heat transfer body.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the heat transfer body is a ceramic material whose base material has better thermal conductivity than stainless steel.   The base material surface of the heat transfer body is coated with a stainless steel material, a ceramic material, or a high thermal conductivity polymer material having higher heat conductivity than the base material. The heat exchanger according to item.   The heat exchanger according to claim 13, wherein the ceramic material is mainly composed of silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, or alumina.   A surface flow type concentrator using at least one of the heat exchangers according to claims 1 to 15 as an evaporator installed in a vacuum vessel connected to a vacuum means.   The concentration device according to claim 16, wherein the number of flow path grooves formed on the outer surface of the heat transfer device decreases as it flows down to the lower stage.   The concentrating device according to any one of claims 16 and 17, further comprising means for applying ultrasonic vibration to the heat transfer body. A surface flow type concentration method using a plurality of stages of heat transfer bodies in a vacuum vessel connected to a vacuum means,
A step in which the stock solution is dropped or flowed down on the tapered portion formed at the uppermost end of the heat transfer body;
A step in which a stock solution flowing through a groove formed in the heat transfer body forms a thin film at the interface between the falling liquid and the groove side wall and evaporates;
The stock solution liquid film does not peel off from the outer surface of the upper heat transfer body and joins the tapered portion formed at the lowermost end of the heat transfer body; and
The stock solution that has flowed down to the lowermost end of the upper heat transfer body drops or flows down from the lower end of the lower end of the heat transfer body to the upper end of the lower end of the lower heat transfer body.
A surface flow type concentration method characterized in that the liquid is repeated until the heat transfer material from the upper stage to the lower stage flows down and drops to the bottom of the vacuum vessel. Means for detecting the occurrence of bumping;
Means for determining and controlling bumping according to a rule set in advance;
Means for controlling operating conditions,
If it is a decision to promote evaporation in light of the occurrence of bumping and the above rules,
Control the operation to promote evaporation,
If it is determined to suppress bumping in light of the occurrence of bumping and the above rules,
The concentration method according to claim 19, further comprising a bumping control unit that controls operation to suppress evaporation.   A concentrator using the surface flow type concentrating method according to any one of claims 19 and 20.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the heat transfer body using the ceramic material is formed by extrusion molding or pressure molding.