JP2015216885A - Apparatus for controlling saturation deficit in greenhouse, and method for controlling saturation deficit in greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus and a method for controlling saturation deficit in a greenhouse in which a plurality of types of mist having different moisture content is generated by one type of a spray device to reach a target saturation deficit.SOLUTION: An apparatus 1 for controlling saturation deficit in a greenhouse is installed inside a cultivation greenhouse, and comprises: a spray device 2; a measuring instrument 3; and a controller 4. The spray device 2 has a spray body 21, a liquid supply pipe 22, a flow rate adjusting valve 23, a compressor 24, and a gas supply pipe 25. The spray body 21 has: an approximately bullet-shaped body part 210; a gas introduction part 211 formed on a side face of body part 210; a Venturi part 212 being a pore penetrated in a longer direction of the body part 210; a spray part 213 provided at a tip end of body part 210; and a liquid introduction part 214 provided at a base end of body part 210.

Description

  The present invention relates to a saturation control device in a house and a saturation control method in a house in house cultivation. More specifically, the present invention relates to an apparatus in which a plurality of types of fog having different water contents are generated by a single type of spraying device so as to reach the saturation in the house quickly.

Plants grow while undergoing photosynthesis. This photosynthesis requires light, water and CO ₂ (carbon dioxide). CO ₂ is taken into the plant from the pores on the back side of the leaves.
Plants open pores as the humidity increases, and close when dry, ie, when humidity is low. Therefore, it is important for the promotion of photosynthesis and thus the growth of plants to appropriately manage the humidity and open the pores.

The humidity is controlled by measuring the saturation, which is the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity. The optimal saturation for plant growth is said to be 3-6 g / m ³ , and if the saturation is 6 or more, the danger of moisture deficiency is detected, the pores are closed, and no transpiration occurs, and CO ₂ can be taken up. Disappear.

  Conversely, if the saturation is 3 or less, the air becomes too wet, there is no difference in water vapor pressure between the plant body and the air around the plant body, the transpiration rate is reduced even if the pores are open, and carbon dioxide is absorbed. Decrease, and thus the photosynthetic rate of the plant decreases. Moreover, the risk of being violated by diseases by promoting the generation of filamentous fungi increases.

By the way, many vegetables such as tomatoes are cultivated in the house, but the house in a sunny day is in a dry state and in a state of high saturation.
As described above, when the drying in the house progresses and the humidity decreases, the pores are closed, CO ₂ cannot be taken in, and photosynthesis stops. When photosynthesis stops, plant growth stops, resulting in a decrease in yield.

For example, in the case of tomato, it is said that the amount of water vapor in the air is preferably ^{3 to} 6 g / m ³ . For 3 g / ^{m 3} or less conducive to disease outbreaks, it can not capture CO ₂ tightened pores exceeds 6 g / ^{m 3.}

  In other words, in order to promote photosynthesis and increase the yield of vegetables, it is necessary to control saturation. The saturation is controlled by generating fog in the house.

Rural Digital Library <http://lib.ruralnet.or.jp/genno/yougo/gy087.html> Construction of water vapor saturation control system by generation of fine fog in plant factory <http://beam.kisarazu.ac.jp/~asano/publish_data/si2013.pdf>

  In controlling the saturation in the house, when the saturation is high, a spray nozzle that generates a mist having a large particle size is used to reach the target saturation in a short time. If the spray nozzle is used when the saturation is close to the target value, the mist does not evaporate and adheres to the leaves of the plant, causing a disease.

  Therefore, it is preferable to use different spray nozzles depending on the level of difference, but in order to install multiple types of nozzles in the house, it is necessary to invest in many spray nozzles and the piping associated therewith, which increases costs. Or it takes time to manage them.

  In order to solve such problems, the present inventor has developed a nozzle that generates a plurality of types of fog with a single type of nozzle and quickly reaches the target saturation, and has completed the present invention. It was.

  The present invention was devised in view of the above points, and generates a plurality of types of mist having different moisture contents with a single type of spraying device, so that the saturation in the house is reached quickly to reach the target saturation. An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for controlling the above.

  In order to achieve the above object, the saturation control device in a house of the present invention is installed in the house, and an air introduction part into which a certain amount of air is sent, a venturi part connected to the air introduction part, and A main body portion provided with a spray portion connected to the venturi portion, a liquid supply pipe having a liquid supply port in the venturi portion, and a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting a flow rate of the liquid sent to the liquid supply port; A spraying device having means, a means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house, and a control device for operating the flow rate adjusting valve of the spraying device to control the amount of liquid to be fed. In this case, control is performed to increase the amount of liquid to be sent to the spraying device, and control is performed to reduce the amount of liquid to be sent to the spraying device when the saturation approaches the target value.

  Here, when the saturation control device in the house is equipped with the above-described spray device, the means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house, and the control device for the liquid supply amount, the saturation is high. Controls to increase the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, and if the difference approaches the target value, it is possible to perform control to reduce the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device.

  Further, when the control device performs control to increase the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, the amount of air sent from the air introduction unit is a constant amount, so that a nebulized liquid with a large particle size is sprayed from the spraying device. Is done. On the other hand, when the control device performs control to reduce the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, since the amount of air sent from the air introduction unit is a constant amount, a nebulized liquid with a small particle size is sprayed from the spraying device. Is done.

  In addition, the means for measuring the difference between the amount of saturated water vapor in the house and the absolute humidity and the controller for controlling the amount of liquid fed cooperate, and when the saturation approaches the target value, the liquid to be sprayed is sprayed. The flow rate is adjusted to reduce the amount of liquid sent to the apparatus, resulting in a fine mist with a small particle size, and fine control is possible so that the plant does not get wet.

  In order to achieve the above object, a saturation control method in a house according to the present invention is installed in a house, and an air introduction part into which a certain amount of air is sent, and a venturi part connected to the air introduction part, And a main body part including a spray part connected to the venturi part, and a liquid supply pipe having a liquid supply port in the venturi part and a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting a flow rate of the liquid sent to the liquid supply port. A device, a means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount in the house and the absolute humidity, and a control device for controlling the amount of liquid delivered by operating the flow rate adjustment valve of the spray device, when the difference is high Controls to increase the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, and controls to decrease the amount of liquid to be sent to the spraying device when the saturation approaches the target value.

  Here, when the saturation control device in the house is high in saturation by using the above-mentioned spraying device, means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house, and the liquid supply amount control device Controls to increase the amount of liquid to be sent to the spraying device, and if the saturation approaches the target value, a control method to reduce the amount of liquid to be sent to the spraying device becomes possible.

  Further, when the control device performs control to increase the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, the amount of air sent from the air introduction unit is a constant amount, so that a nebulized liquid with a large particle size is sprayed from the spraying device. Is done. On the other hand, when the control device performs control to reduce the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, since the amount of air sent from the air introduction unit is a constant amount, a nebulized liquid with a small particle size is sprayed from the spraying device. Is done.

  In addition, when the means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount in the house and the absolute humidity cooperates with the liquid supply amount control device, when the saturation approaches the target value, the liquid to be sprayed is transferred to the spray device. By adjusting the flow rate to reduce the amount of liquid to be sent and forming a fine mist with a small particle size, fine control is possible so that the plant body does not get wet.

According to the saturation control device in the house of the present invention, it is possible to generate a plurality of types of mist having different moisture contents with one type of spraying device, and to control the saturation in the house quickly to reach the target saturation. As a result, the yield can be increased by maximizing the time period during which plant photosynthesis is actively performed.
In addition, according to the saturation control method in the house of the present invention, a control that generates a plurality of types of fog having different moisture contents in one type of spray device, and quickly reaches the saturation that is targeted for the saturation in the house. As a result, the yield can be increased by maximizing the time period during which plant photosynthesis is actively carried out.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the whole structure of the saturation control apparatus in the house of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the spray nozzle of the saturation control apparatus in a house shown in FIG.

  The embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. In addition, the code | symbol in each figure is attached | subjected within the range which reduces complexity and makes it easy to understand.

  A saturation control device 1 in a house shown in FIG. 1 is installed in a cultivation house, and includes a spray device 2, a measuring device 3, and a control device 4.

  The spray device 2 includes a sprayer main body 21, a liquid supply pipe 22, a flow rate adjusting valve 23, a compressor 24, and a gas supply pipe 25.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid to be circulated is water (including stored water such as tap water, groundwater or rainwater), but the tap water may be mixed with other components such as nutrients. Good. In the present embodiment, the gas that circulates is normal air taken in by a compressor. For example, in order to promote the growth of plants, a specific gas mixture ratio is increased (for example, the carbon dioxide concentration is increased). Higher one).

Please refer to FIG.
The sprayer main body 21 includes a substantially bullet-shaped main body part 210, a gas introduction part 211 formed on the side surface of the main body part 210, a venturi part 212 that is a fine hole penetrating in the longitudinal direction of the main body part 210, and a tip of the main body part 210. It has a spraying part 213 provided and a liquid introduction part 214 provided at the base end of the main body part 210.

  In the present embodiment, the sprayer body has a substantially bullet shape, but is not limited thereto, and the shape can be changed as appropriate. In this embodiment, the gas introduction part is formed on the side surface of the main body part, and the liquid introduction part is provided at the base end of the main body part. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The position of the part may be reversed, and the design can be changed as appropriate.

  The air introduction part 211 is a hole connected to the venturi part 212 from the side surface of the main body part 210, and can send a certain amount of air into the main body part 210 from the outside.

  The spray part 213 is an opening part at the tip of the main body part 210 and the venturi part 212, from which a mist-like liquid is ejected into the house due to the venturi effect.

  The liquid introduction part 214 is an opening part at the base end of the main body part 210 and the venturi part 212, and the liquid is supplied into the venturi part 212 from here. The liquid introduction part 214 is equivalent to the “liquid feeding port” to the venturi part described in this specification.

  The liquid supply pipe 22 has one end connected to the liquid introduction part 214 and the other end connected to a liquid supply pipe such as a water pipe. Further, the liquid supply pipe 22 has a flow rate adjusting valve 23 in the middle of the flow path, and the flow rate adjusting valve 23 adjusts the amount of liquid fed to the sprayer main body 21.

  In the present embodiment, the liquid supply pipe is bifurcated, and each of the branch destination ends is connected to the sprayer body, but this is not a limitation, and the number corresponds to the number of sprayer bodies. It may be branched into three or more, or there may be no branching (that is, only one sprayer main body is connected to one liquid supply pipe).

The compressor 24 has a supply capacity of compressed air of at least 0.5 to 1 megapascal / cm ² . In this embodiment, the compressor employs a rotary compressor, but it may be a compressor having another structure.

  One end of the gas supply pipe 25 is connected to the liquid introduction part 214, and the other end is connected to the compressor 24. In the present embodiment, the gas supply pipe is bifurcated, and each of the branch destination ends is connected to the sprayer body, but this is not a limitation, and the number corresponds to the number of sprayer bodies. It may be branched into three or more, or there may be no branching (that is, only one sprayer main body is connected to one liquid supply pipe).

  The measuring device 3 has a function of measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house, and is connected to the control device 4 by wire or wirelessly. The measuring device 3 is equivalent to the “means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount in the house and the absolute humidity” described in this specification.

  The control device 4 operates the flow rate adjustment valve 23 of the spraying device 1 to control the liquid feeding amount. In the present embodiment, a rack and pinion type is adopted as the flow rate adjusting valve, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other known members such as a Scotch and yoke type are excluded. Absent.

The effect of the saturation control device 1 in the house will be described.
The saturation control device 1 in the house includes the spray device 2, the measuring device 3, and the control device 4, so that when the saturation is high, the amount of liquid flowing in the spray device 2 (hereinafter referred to as "water W"). If the saturation is close to the target value, it is possible to perform control to reduce the amount of water W circulating in the spray device 2.

  Although not measured by the measuring device, according to the inventor's measurement, when the amount of air sent to the sprayer body is constant, the particle size of the mist generated by increasing the amount of liquid sent to the sprayer body is large. Thus, it was recognized that the particle size of the fog generated by reducing the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device was reduced. Therefore, if the saturation is close to the target value, the flow rate is adjusted to reduce the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, and fine control with small mist particle size is possible to prevent the plant from getting wet. .

  The measuring device 3 measures the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house, and transmits the measurement data to the control device 4. In this embodiment, the measurement data is transmitted from the measuring instrument to the control device. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the measurement data is transmitted from the measuring instrument to the computer, and the computer analyzes and controls the control signal. May be created, and a control signal may be transmitted from the computer to the control device for control. In this case, one computer obtains information from multiple measuring machines in one house, creates and transmits appropriate control signals, centrally manages multiple houses with one computer, and communicates with computers. It is also possible to browse information from an external terminal, manage growth, etc. using the function.

  In response to the measurement data from the measuring machine 3, the control device 4 analyzes the received data and controls the flow rate adjusting valve 23 so as to reach the target saturation in the house quickly.

  When the control device 4 performs control to increase the amount of water W circulated in the spray device 2, the amount of gas (hereinafter referred to as “air A”) fed from the gas introduction unit 211 is a constant amount. W is sprayed as a mist M having a large particle diameter from the spray portion 213 of the sprayer body 21.

On the other hand, when the control device 4 performs control to reduce the amount of water W flowing in the spray device 2, the air A sent from the gas introduction unit 211 is a constant amount.
Water W is sprayed as a mist M having a small particle diameter from the spraying part 213 of the sprayer body 21.

  In addition, when the measuring instrument 3 and the control device 4 cooperate, when the saturation approaches the target value, the flow rate is adjusted to reduce the amount of water W flowing in the spray device 2, and the mist having a small particle size M, and fine control is possible so that the plant body does not get wet.

  As described above, according to the saturation control device 1 in the house, a plurality of types of fog having different moisture contents are generated by one type of spray device, and the control to reach the saturation in the house as soon as possible is achieved. As a result, the yield can be increased by maximizing the time period during which plant photosynthesis is actively carried out. Similarly, according to the saturation control method in the house, a plurality of types of fog having different water contents are generated by one type of spraying device, and the saturation in the house is reached quickly. Control is possible, and as a result, the yield can be increased by maximizing the time zone in which plant photosynthesis is actively performed.

  The terms and expressions used in the present specification and claims are for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to be limiting in any way. The features described in the present specification and claims and their There is no intention of excluding some equivalent terms and expressions. It goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Saturation control apparatus in a house 2 Spraying apparatus 21 Sprayer main body 210 Main body part 211 Air introduction part 212 Venturi part 213 Spraying part 214 Liquid introduction part 22 Liquid supply pipe 23 Flow control valve 24 Compressor 25 Gas supply pipe 3 Measuring machine 4 Control Equipment A Air M Fog W Water

Claims (2)

A main body portion that is installed in the house and includes an air introduction portion into which a certain amount of air is sent, a venturi portion that is continuous with the air introduction portion, and a spray portion that is continuous with the venturi portion, and liquid is supplied to the venturi portion A spraying device having a mouth and a liquid supply pipe including a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid sent to the liquid feeding port;
Means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house;
A control device for operating the flow rate adjustment valve of the spraying device to control the amount of liquid fed;
If the saturation is high, control to increase the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, and control to decrease the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device if the saturation approaches the target value. . A main body portion that is installed in the house and includes an air introduction portion into which a certain amount of air is sent, a venturi portion that is continuous with the air introduction portion, and a spray portion that is continuous with the venturi portion, and liquid is supplied to the venturi portion A spraying device having a mouth and a liquid supply pipe including a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid sent to the liquid feeding port;
Means for measuring the difference between the saturated water vapor amount and the absolute humidity in the house;
A control device for controlling the liquid feeding amount by operating the flow rate adjustment valve of the spraying device;
If the saturation is high, control to increase the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device, and control to reduce the amount of liquid sent to the spraying device if the saturation approaches the target value. .

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