JP2015204971A - X-ray CT apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an X-ray CT apparatus having position measurement means.SOLUTION: An X-ray CT apparatus includes: a trestle; a light irradiation part applying measurement light; first, second and third light reflection parts reflecting the measurement light applied from the light irradiation part; position measurement means measuring the distance to the first, second and third light reflection parts from the light irradiation part; a console part; and a bed. The first light reflection part is set on a support rack. A cover part corresponding to the support rack where the first light reflection part is set, is notched. The second light reflection part is set to the bed. The third light reflection part is set on the tip of a surgical instrument. The console part is provided with a control part controlling driving means on the basis of reference data and first distance data.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to an X-ray CT apparatus including a position measurement unit.

  X-ray CT images are used for medical examinations and diagnoses by doctors.

  In recent years, with respect to such an X-ray CT image, an image support system that coordinates the position information of the surgical field during surgery, reflects this on an image photographed with an X-ray CT apparatus before surgery, and confirms the position during surgery, A so-called intraoperative navigation system has attracted attention (for example, see Patent Document 1).

  When performing intraoperative navigation, first, the distance between a light source necessary for position measurement when performing intraoperative navigation and a gantry for performing X-ray CT imaging is measured.

  Next, the distance between the light source and the subject is measured, and imaging with an X-ray CT apparatus is performed.

  Thereafter, the distance between the light source and the surgical instrument is measured, the position information of the surgical instrument is superimposed on the X-ray CT image obtained by imaging with the X-ray CT apparatus, and the images are sequentially displayed.

  Thereby, a doctor etc. can grasp the position which operates to a subject.

  Each position measurement is performed by, for example, a position measurement unit including a light irradiation unit that is a predetermined light source and a pointer (light reflection unit) corresponding thereto.

  That is, the light reflecting portion is installed in a gantry, a subject, a surgical instrument, and the like that perform position measurement.

  Among the light reflecting parts, in particular, the light reflecting part used for measuring the position of the distance between the light irradiating part and the gantry serves as a reference for grasping the position of the patient and the surgical instrument on the X-ray image. Higher accuracy is required.

JP 2007-29168 A

  However, the light reflecting portion that is conventionally installed on the gantry is provided on a cover that covers the gantry.

  For this reason, for example, when opening and closing the cover for equipment inspection and parts replacement of the X-ray CT apparatus itself, the cover position shifts, and accordingly, the light reflecting portion installed on the cover shifts, and the position measurement accuracy decreases. Then, every time the cover was opened and closed, the position calibration was required again.

  Such position calibration for each opening and closing of the cover imposes an excessive burden on the operator of the X-ray CT apparatus and the position calibration authorized person.

  In order to solve the above problem, the present embodiment provides an X-ray tube that irradiates a subject with X-rays, an X-ray detector that detects the X-rays that have passed through the subject, and the X-ray detector. A data collection unit that collects projection data from the X-ray tube, the X-ray detector, a rotating frame in which the data acquisition unit is installed, a support base in which the rotating frame is rotatably installed, and A pedestal comprising a support drive means for driving the support, and a cover that covers the support, a light irradiator for irradiating measurement light, and a first reflector that reflects the measurement light emitted from the light irradiator. First, second and third light reflecting portions, and position measuring means for measuring the distance from the light irradiating portion to the first, second and third light reflecting portions, and the preset This is data on the distance from the light irradiation part to the first light reflection part. A storage unit that has reference data and stores position data that is projection data collected from the data collection unit and distance data from the light irradiation unit to the light reflection unit measured by the position measurement unit A reconstruction unit that generates image data based on the projection data, a console unit that displays the image data, and a bed that includes a top plate on which the subject is placed. In the X-ray CT apparatus, the first light reflecting portion is installed on the support base, and the cover portion corresponding to the support base on which the first light reflecting portion is installed is notched. The second light reflecting unit is installed on the bed, the third light reflecting unit is installed at the distal end of a surgical instrument, and the console unit is based on the reference data and the first distance data. , The drive means Characterized in that it comprises in that it comprises a Gosuru controller.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the X-ray CT apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the X-ray CT apparatus which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the position measurement means which concerns on this Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the broken-line part A part shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining other embodiment of the broken-line part A part shown in FIG. It is a figure explaining the modification of this Embodiment.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  In the following description, components having substantially the same functions and configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be given only when necessary.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the X-ray CT apparatus according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the X-ray CT apparatus according to the present embodiment.

  The X-ray CT apparatus 100 includes a bed 110, an X-ray generator 120 that generates X-rays and irradiates the subject P with X-rays, and a projection that generates projection data by detecting X-rays transmitted through the subject P. A data generation unit 130 and a gantry 140 including the X-ray generation unit 120 and the projection data generation unit 130 are provided.

  The X-ray CT apparatus 100 also displays an image data generation unit 150 that generates image data from the projection data generated by the projection data generation unit 130 of the gantry 140, and the image data generated by the image data generation unit 150. A display unit 160, an operation unit 170 for inputting various commands, a system control unit 180 that controls the bed 110, the gantry 140, and the image data generation unit 150, and the image data generation unit 150 and the display unit. 160, an operation unit 170, and a console unit 200 having a system control unit 180.

  The bed 110 includes a top plate 111 on which the subject P is placed, and a top plate driving unit that drives the top plate 111 in the longitudinal direction and the vertical direction.

  The top plate driving unit moves the top plate 111 on which the subject P is placed to the X-ray irradiation position during X-ray irradiation.

  The X-ray generation unit 120 generates a voltage based on the X-ray tube 121 that generates X-rays and the X-ray irradiation conditions supplied from the system control unit 180, and generates a high voltage that supplies power to the X-ray tube 121. Instrument 122.

  The X-ray tube 121 is a vacuum tube that generates X-rays, and emits X-rays by colliding electrons generated by the high voltage supplied from the high voltage generator 122 with a target.

  The X-ray tube 121 irradiates the subject P with X-rays while rotating around the subject P in imaging.

  The X-ray detector 131 includes a plurality of X-ray detection elements, and each X-ray detection element includes a scintillator that converts X-rays into light and a photodiode that converts light into electrical signals.

  The X-ray detector 131 includes a plurality of collimator plates for each X-ray detection element.

  The projection data generation unit 130 is an X-ray detector 131 that detects X-rays that have passed through the subject P, and data that performs A / D conversion and the like on the detection signals of a plurality of channels output from the X-ray detector 131. Data that performs, for example, parallel / serial conversion, electrical / optical / electrical conversion, and serial / parallel conversion on an output signal of the acquisition unit 132 (hereinafter referred to as a DAS (Data Acquisition System) unit 132) and the DAS unit 132 A transmission unit 133.

  The DAS unit 132 includes an electronic circuit board having an analog / digital conversion circuit and the like, and is disposed on the outer periphery of the X-ray detector 131.

  Further, the DAS unit 132 converts the signal output from the X-ray detector 131 into a digital signal, and collects the converted digital signal for each predetermined angular rotation of the rotating frame 142 to generate projection unit projection data. To do.

  The data transmission unit 133 includes, for example, a transmission unit and a reception unit for transmitting and receiving by optical communication means. The transmission unit is disposed on the rotating frame 142 and the reception unit is disposed on the support base 144.

  Then, the transmission unit transmits the X-ray projection data from the DAS unit 132 to the reception unit, and the reception unit outputs the projection data transmitted from the transmission unit to the image data generation unit 150.

  The gantry 140 is disposed in the vicinity of the bed 110, a cylindrical opening 141 into which the subject P is sent by the movement of the top plate 111 of the bed 110, the X-ray generation unit 120, the projection data generation unit 130, and the X-rays A rotating frame 142 that supports the tube 121, the high voltage generator 122, the X-ray detector 131, the DAS unit 132, and the transmission unit of the data transmission unit, a rotation driving unit 143 that rotationally drives the rotating frame 142, and a rotating frame A support table 144 that rotatably supports 142, a support table drive unit 145 that drives the support table 144, and a cover 146 that covers the support table 144 are provided.

  Further, the gantry 140 includes a first light reflecting portion 192a which will be described in detail later.

  The support table driving unit 145 drives the gantry 140 in the direction of the top plate 111 on which the subject P is placed before and after performing X-ray imaging with the X-ray tube 121. That is, in this embodiment, the gantry 140 is a so-called self-propelled gantry 140.

  The cover unit 146 is formed so as to cover the X-ray tube 121, the high voltage generator 122, the X-ray detector 131, the DAS unit 132, the rotating frame 142, the rotation driving unit 143, and the support base 144.

  The cover part 146 can be opened and closed. For example, the X-ray CT apparatus 100 can be opened at the time of equipment inspection / part replacement, and can be closed after repairing each contained equipment.

  The image data generation unit 150 stores a projection data output from the data transmission unit of the gantry 140, and a reconstruction unit that generates image data based on the projection data of a plurality of views stored in the storage unit 151. Unit 152.

  Further, the image data generation unit 150 outputs the generated image data to the display unit 160.

  The display unit 160 includes a CRT, a liquid crystal panel, and the like, and displays image data output from the image data generation unit 150 via the system control unit 180.

  The operation unit 170 is an interactive interface including an input device such as a keyboard, a trackball, a joystick, and a mouse, a display panel, and various switches. The operation unit 170 includes a position measurement unit 190, a position calibration, and an intraoperative navigation system described later. Input operations.

  The system control unit 180 includes a CPU and a storage circuit, and once stores input information from the operation unit 170, based on the input information, a system such as control for generation of projection data, generation and display of image data, etc. Take overall control.

  Next, the position measuring means according to this embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the position measuring unit according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a broken line portion A portion shown in FIG.

  X-ray CT apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment includes position measuring means 190.

  The position measurement unit 190 includes a light irradiation unit 191 that irradiates measurement light, and a light reflection unit 192 that reflects the measurement light emitted from the light irradiation unit 191.

  For example, infrared light is used as the measurement light of the light irradiation unit 191.

  The light reflecting portion 192 is provided, for example, on the support base 144 of the gantry 140. Here, the light reflecting portion 192 installed on the support base 144 is referred to as a first light reflecting portion 192a.

  The first light reflecting portion 192a can measure the distance (first distance) from the light emitting portion 191 to the first light reflecting portion 192a of the gantry 140.

  The cover portion 146 is cut out at a portion where the first light reflecting portion 192a is provided, and the support base 144 of the portion is exposed. Since the position measuring unit 190 reflects the measurement light emitted from the light irradiation unit 191 and measures the position, the portion is exposed to exclude substances that block the measurement light.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, you may form the said part of the cover part 146 with transparent resin. Even with this configuration, measurement can be performed without blocking the measurement light.

  The second light reflecting portion 192b is provided in the vicinity of the head installation position of the subject P on the top plate 111, for example.

  The distance (second distance) from the light irradiation part 191 to the second light reflection part 192b of the top plate 111 can be measured by the second light reflection part 192b.

  The third light reflecting portion 192c is provided at the tip of a surgical instrument such as a scalpel.

  The distance (third distance) from the light irradiation unit 191 to the surgical instrument can be measured by the third light reflection unit 192c.

  By the way, the distance from the light irradiation part 191 to each light reflection part 192 measured by the position measuring means 190, that is, the data of the first, second and third distances is stored in the storage part 151.

  The storage unit 151 also stores reference data that is data on a distance from the preset light irradiation unit 191 to the first light reflection unit 192a.

  When the intraoperative navigation system is used, for example, first, position calibration for setting the position of the gantry 140 is performed from the reference data and the first distance data.

  Next, the subject P is imaged by the X-ray CT apparatus 100.

  Finally, using the first, second, and third distance data, the X-ray CT image and the position of the light reflecting portion 192 are sequentially synthesized, and a doctor or the like operates on the subject P by observing this image. The position can be grasped.

  In the configuration of the present embodiment, the first light reflecting portion 192 a is provided on the support base 144 that is not affected by the positional deviation due to the opening and closing of the cover portion 146.

  Therefore, it is possible to prevent the positional deviation of the first light reflecting portion 192a due to the opening and closing of the cover portion 146, and to eliminate the re-position calibration every time the cover portion 146 is opened and closed.

  As a result, an excessive burden on the operator of the X-ray CT apparatus and the position calibration authorized person can be eliminated.

(Modification)
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the present embodiment.

  In the above-described embodiment, the first light reflecting portion 192a is provided on the support base 144 to prevent the light reflecting portion 192 from being displaced due to the opening and closing of the cover portion 146. Although the light reflecting portion 192a is provided in the cover portion 146, the positional shift is prevented by using the position fixing device 210.

  For the position fixing device 210, for example, a positioning pin or a magnet catch is used, and the positional deviation between the cover portion 146 and the support base 144 is prevented.

  By preventing the displacement of the cover portion 146 and the support base 144, the displacement of the first light reflecting portion 192a installed on the cover portion 146 can be prevented. As in the above-described embodiment, It is possible to eliminate re-position calibration every time the cover unit 146 is opened and closed.

  This embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. This embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... X-ray CT apparatus 110 ... Bed 111 ... Top plate 120 ... X-ray generation part 121 ... X-ray tube 122 ... High voltage generator 130 ... Projection data generation part 131 ... X-ray detector 132 ... Data acquisition unit (DAS unit) )
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 140 ... Stand 141 ... Opening part 142 ... Rotating frame 143 ... Rotation drive part 144 ... Support stand 145 ... Support stand drive means 146 ... Cover part 150 ... Image data generation part 151 ... Storage part 152 ... Reconstruction part 160 ... Display part 170 ... Operation part 180 ... System control part 190 ... Position measuring means 191 ... Light irradiation part 192 ... Light reflection part 200 ... Console part

Claims (5)

An X-ray tube that irradiates the subject with X-rays, an X-ray detector that detects the X-rays transmitted through the subject, a data collection unit that collects projection data from the X-ray detector, and the X-rays A rotating frame in which the tube, the X-ray detector, and the data acquisition unit are installed; a supporting table in which the rotating frame is rotatably installed; a supporting table driving means for driving the supporting table; and the supporting table A pedestal comprising a cover portion covering
A light irradiator that irradiates measurement light; and first, second, and third light reflectors that reflect the measurement light emitted from the light irradiator, the first, Position measuring means for measuring the distance to the second and third light reflecting portions;
Reference data that is data on the distance from the preset light irradiation unit to the first light reflection unit is included, and the projection data collected from the data collection unit and measured by the position measurement unit A storage unit that stores position data that is distance data from the light irradiation unit to the light reflecting unit, a reconstruction unit that generates image data based on the projection data, and a display unit that displays the image data; A console unit comprising:
A bed provided with a top plate on which the subject is placed;
An X-ray CT apparatus having
The first light reflecting portion is installed on the support base,
The cover portion corresponding to the support base on which the first light reflecting portion is installed is cut out,
The second light reflecting portion is installed on the bed,
The third light reflecting portion is installed at the distal end of a surgical instrument,
The X-ray CT apparatus, wherein the console unit includes a control unit that controls the driving unit based on the reference data and the first distance data.   The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light reflecting portion is directly installed on the support base.   The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cutout portion of the cover portion is covered with a transparent resin.   The X-ray CT apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement light is an infrared ray. An X-ray tube that irradiates the subject with X-rays, an X-ray detector that detects the X-rays that have passed through the subject, a data collection unit that collects data from the X-ray detector, and the X-ray tube A rotating frame in which the X-ray detector and the data acquisition unit are installed, a support base in which the rotary frame is rotatably installed, support base driving means for driving the support base, and the support base. A pedestal comprising: a cover portion covering;
A position measuring unit that includes a light irradiating unit that irradiates measurement light, and a light reflecting unit that reflects the measurement light emitted from the light irradiating unit, and that measures a distance from the light irradiating unit to the light reflecting unit; ,
Data on the distance from the light irradiation unit to the light reflection unit, which has reference data that is preset data on the distance from the light irradiation unit to the light reflection unit, and is measured by the position measurement unit. A storage unit that stores position data that is a console unit,
An X-ray CT apparatus having
The light reflecting portion is installed on the support base,
The cover portion is cut out at a portion corresponding to the support base on which the light reflecting portion is installed,
The X-ray CT apparatus, wherein the console unit includes a control unit that controls the driving unit based on the reference data and the position data.

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