JP2015204755A - Facility for agricultural and horticultural use equipped with sunlight power generating system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a facility for agricultural and horticultural use equipped with a sunlight power generating system capable of effectively utilizing light of wavelength 500 to 600 nanometers.SOLUTION: A facility for agricultural and horticultural use has: (A) a sunlight power generating system having a lighting portion 1 and a double-sided power generation type module 2; and (B) a member 3 which reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers, in which (1) the (A) sunlight power generating system is provided for at least a part of an area of the facility for agricultural and horticultural use which is directly irradiated with sunlight; (2) at least a part of light 4 having passed through a lighting portion of the (A) sunlight power generating system is made incident to the (B) member 3; (3) at least a part of light 5 having a wavelength of wavelength 500 to 600 nanometers which is reflected by the (B) member 3 is made incident to the double-sided power generation type module 2 of the (A) sunlight power generating system; and (4) at least a part of light 6 having passed through the (B) member 3 is made incident into the facility.

Description

The present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural facility. More specifically, the present invention relates to an agricultural and horticultural facility equipped with a solar power generation system that allows light necessary for growth of agricultural and horticultural crops to pass therethrough and efficiently use the remaining light for solar power generation.

In recent years, photovoltaic power generation has attracted attention as a new energy source to replace fossil fuels such as oil and nuclear power, and the installation of photovoltaic power generation systems on the roofs of houses and agricultural and horticultural houses is progressing. When installing a solar power generation system on the roof of an agricultural or horticultural house or on a pedestal installed in farmland, the sunlight that has a daylighting part is used to bring the light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops into the facility. A power generation system is used. And all the light which permeate | transmitted the lighting part will be used for growth of agricultural and horticultural crops.

However, the light required for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops is light having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nanometers and 600 to 700 nanometers among visible light (Non-Patent Document 1), and light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is The contribution to growth is small. That is, until now, light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers has not been effectively utilized.

As a solar power generation system having a daylighting part used for agricultural and horticultural facilities, etc., it is known to use a double-sided power generation type, “a building having a daylighting part and configured to daylight sunlight inside. A thin and light solar cell module in which a plurality of solar cells are juxtaposed and covered with a transparent synthetic resin or a plurality of the thin and light solar cell modules is arranged immediately below the daylighting portion. The solar cell array having the above structure is provided, and the daylighting into the building is performed between the solar cells of the solar cell module and / or between the solar cell modules of the solar cell array. In the solar power generation system with a light-shielding / dimming function, characterized in that, and in the above-described system, The solar cell module is a solar power generation system with a light-shielding / dimming function, characterized in that it can generate power from sunlight reflected and scattered indoors in addition to sunlight incident from the outside. " Patent Document 1). However, there is no description or suggestion about the problem that light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is not effectively utilized. In addition, even during the cold season, the temperature inside the house rises greatly by introducing light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops into the house during sunny days. In the case of agricultural and horticultural crops, such as strawberries and lettuce, which tend to be hindered by raising the temperature, there is no description or suggestion about a method for solving the problem of requiring cooling.

Furthermore, even if it has a daylighting part, since shadows are produced by places other than the daylighting part, the amount of light received by the agricultural and horticultural crops varies depending on the place, and there is a problem that the growth state tends to vary. Moreover, in order to solve this problem, the array of the photovoltaic power generation system is installed at a very high position, but the maintenance workability of the system and the safety during the maintenance work are reduced; A new problem has arisen;

JP 2002-026357 A

Relationship between plant growth and development and light quality http://www.nodai.ac.jp/journal/research/amaki/050708.html

An object of the present invention is to provide an agricultural and horticultural facility provided with a solar power generation system capable of effectively utilizing light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers. The second problem of the present invention is that light necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops is transmitted while the remaining light is efficiently used for solar power generation to suppress the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities. It is to provide an agricultural and horticultural facility equipped with a solar power generation system capable of generating energy. The third problem of the present invention is that even if an array of a solar power generation system having a daylighting portion is installed at an arbitrarily low position, the amount of light received by the agricultural and horticultural crops is constant regardless of the place, and the variation in the growth state is reduced. The object is to provide an agricultural and horticultural facility equipped with a solar power generation system that can be made small.

As a result of earnest research, the inventor has a photovoltaic power generation system having a daylighting portion and a double-sided power generation type module, and a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers, and these are configured to specific conditions. It was found that the above-mentioned problems can be achieved by the agricultural and horticultural facilities.

That is, the present invention is an agricultural and horticultural facility,
(A) a solar power generation system having a daylighting part and a double-sided power generation type module; and (B) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers;
Have
(1) The (A) photovoltaic power generation system is provided in at least a part of a location where sunlight of an agricultural or horticultural facility is directly irradiated;
(2) At least a part of the light transmitted through the daylighting part of the (A) solar power generation system is incident on the member (B);
(3) At least a part of light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers reflected by the member (B) is incident on the double-sided power generation module of the solar power generation system (A);
(4) At least part of the light transmitted through the member (B) is incident on the inside of the facility;
It is an agricultural and horticultural facility characterized by

According to a second aspect of the present invention, (B) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers,
(B2) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers;
The agricultural and horticultural facility according to the first aspect of the invention.

The third invention of the present invention further comprises (C) a light diffusing member,
(5) (B) At least part of the light transmitted through the member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is incident on the (C) light diffusing member, and at least part of the transmitted light is facility. Entering inside;
An agricultural and horticultural facility according to the first invention or the second invention.

Agricultural and horticultural facilities equipped with the solar power generation system of the present invention can efficiently use light unnecessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops for solar power generation, and suppress temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities. can do. Further, in the third invention of the present invention, even if an array of photovoltaic power generation systems having a daylighting portion is installed at an arbitrarily low position, the amount of light received by the agricultural and horticultural crops is constant regardless of the location, Variation can be reduced.

The agricultural and horticultural facility of the present invention includes (A) a solar power generation system having a daylighting portion and a double-sided power generation type module; and (B) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers.

In this specification, “agricultural and horticultural facilities” is a term including not only agricultural and horticultural houses but also facilities in which a photovoltaic power generation system is installed on a pedestal installed on farmland. “Agricultural and horticultural facilities” means the interior of the house for agricultural and horticultural houses, and under the solar power generation system for facilities with a solar power generation system installed on a stand installed on farmland. Is a place.

(A) Solar power generation system having a daylighting part and a double-sided power generation type module:
The daylighting part of the solar power generation system A is a gap provided between the power generation element and the power generation element. The method of providing the gap is not limited and is arbitrary. For example, a type with a gap between solar cells, a type with a gap between cells of a solar cell module, a type with a gap between modules of a solar cell array, a solar cell array, The type which provided the clearance gap between solar cell arrays, the type which combined these arbitrarily, etc. can be mention | raise | lifted. The shape of the gap is also arbitrary. For example, a continuous or / and independent gap such as a straight line, a curved line, a circle, a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon can be provided.

In addition, in this specification, a photovoltaic cell is a solar cell element itself, and becomes a basic unit of a solar cell. A solar cell module is a device in which a plurality of solar cells are arranged and wired and protected and packaged with tempered glass or the like. A solar cell array is a unit in which a plurality of solar cell modules are arranged and wired, and is a unit for installing power generation elements of a solar power generation system. The solar power generation system includes an array, a control system, and the like.

The total light transmittance of the daylighting part of the solar power generation system A is usually 50% or more. From the viewpoint of growth of agricultural and horticultural crops and power generation efficiency, the total light transmittance of the daylighting portion is preferably as high as possible, and preferably 70% or more.

The ratio of the area of the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system A to the total solar light receiving area of the solar power generation system A is not particularly limited, and is cultivated inside the daylighting portion and the agricultural and horticultural facilities. It can be decided arbitrarily considering the type of crop. For example, when cultivating crops that are vulnerable to high temperatures such as strawberries and lettuce, it is preferable to reduce the ratio in order to increase the light-shielding effect.

The double-sided power generation type module of the solar power generation system A is a module that can generate power from both sides. The double-sided power generation type module used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a module in which a solar cell having a front and back target structure is sandwiched between a front glass and a back glass; Modules that can generate power from both sides, such as those that enable power generation from both sides as a combined body, can be used, but the light used for power generation on the back side is mainly reflected by the member B Since the light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers (in the case of the second invention, the light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and the light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers), at least the wavelength region in the back side Those having high spectral sensitivity are preferred. Examples thereof include an amorphous silicon type, a crystalline silicon type, and a CIS (chalcopyrite) type.

(B) A member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers The member B is a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and transmits other light.

The reflectance of light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nm of the member B (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as reflectance B) is preferably 30% or more, and preferably 40% or more. The higher the reflectance B is, the higher the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is, and it is preferable because the temperature rise in the agricultural and horticultural facilities can be suppressed.

In this specification, the reflectance B is the ratio of the solar radiation at a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers with respect to the integral area of the reflection spectrum when the reflectance of solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 500 to 600 nanometers is assumed to be 100%. It is the ratio of the integral area of the reflection spectrum, and is a value measured by using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation and making light incident on member B at an incident angle of 0 °.

The member B has a high light transmittance (hereinafter abbreviated as “transmittance B”) having a wavelength of 400 to 500 nanometers and a wavelength of 600 to 700 nanometers necessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. Is preferred. The transmittance B is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more.

In this specification, the transmittance B is a wavelength 400 with respect to the integral area of the transmission spectrum when it is assumed that the transmittance of solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths 400 to 500 nanometers and wavelengths 600 to 700 nanometers is 100%. It is the ratio of the integrated area of the transmission spectrum of solar radiation at a wavelength of ˜500 nanometers and a wavelength of 600 to 700 nanometers. Using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” of Shimadzu Corporation, the incident angle is 0 °. It is a value measured by making it incident on the member B.

As such member B, for example, at least one surface of an arbitrary transparent web substrate such as a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film, using a technique such as sputtering, vapor deposition, and coating, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer can be used. Wavelengths due to optical interference, such as multiple layers of alternating refractive index layers; co-extruded alternating multi-layer laminates of high refractive index transparent thermoplastic resin composition and low refractive index transparent thermoplastic resin composition; The thing which reflects the light of 500-600 nanometer can be mention | raise | lifted.

The shape of the member B is arbitrary. Usually, a sheet-like material can be preferably used, but is not limited thereto. For example, it may be prismatic as shown in FIG.

The agricultural and horticultural facilities according to the present invention are: (1) the solar power generation system A is provided in at least a part of the direct sunlight of the agricultural and horticultural facilities; (2) the solar power generation system A At least part of the light transmitted through the daylighting part of the light enters the member B; (3) at least part of the light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers reflected by the member B is the solar power generation system. (4) At least part of the light transmitted through the member B is incident on the inside of the facility.

The solar power generation system A is provided in at least a part, preferably all, of the places where sunlight is directly irradiated in order to efficiently receive sunlight.

At least a part, preferably all, of the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the photovoltaic power generation system A is incident on the member B, light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is reflected, and light having other wavelengths is reflected by the member. B passes through B, and at least a part, preferably all, of the light enters B and is used to grow agricultural and horticultural crops cultivated in the facility. At least a part, preferably all, of the reflected light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is incident on the double-sided power generation module of the solar power generation system A and used for solar power generation.

As an embodiment, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system A may be directly incident on the member B, for example, As shown in FIG. 3, the light transmitted through the daylighting portion of the solar power generation system A may be reflected by a total light reflecting member such as one or more mirrors and indirectly incident on the member B. In an embodiment that is directly incident on member B, the system can be simple and low cost. In the embodiment in which the light is indirectly incident on the member B, light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers reflected by the member B is transmitted through the daylighting portion again without entering the double-sided power generation type module of the solar power generation system A. This can reduce the loss.

The second invention of the present invention will be described. In the second invention, (B2) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers and transmits other light is used as the member B. Therefore, light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers, so-called “heat rays”, can be reflected and used for photovoltaic power generation, and can be prevented from entering the agricultural or horticultural facilities. Thereby, the light unnecessary for the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops is efficiently used for solar power generation, and the effect of suppressing the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities is further enhanced.

The reflectance of light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers of the member B2 (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as reflectance B2. The measurement method is the same as reflectance B) is preferably 30% or more, preferably 40%. That's it. The higher the reflectance B2, the higher the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, and the more preferable the reflectance B2 is because the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities can be suppressed.

The reflectance of light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers of the member B2 (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as infrared reflectance B2) is preferably 30% or more, and preferably 40% or more. The higher the infrared reflectance B2, the higher the photovoltaic power generation efficiency, which is preferable because the temperature rise inside the agricultural and horticultural facilities can be suppressed.

In addition, in this specification, infrared reflectance B2 is in wavelength 800-1200 nanometer with respect to the integral area of a reflection spectrum at the time of assuming that the reflectance of solar radiation in the whole range of wavelength 800-1200 nanometer is 100%. It is the ratio of the integrated area of the reflection spectrum of solar radiation, and is a value measured using a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation with light incident on the member B2 at an incident angle of 0 °. .

Moreover, the said member B2 may be abbreviated as the transmittance | permeability (henceforth transmittance | permeability B2 below) of the light of wavelength 400-500 nanometer and wavelength 600-700 nanometer which are required for growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. It is preferable that the rate B is the same. The transmittance B2 is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 70% or more.

As the member B2, for example, a laminate of the member B and a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers and transmits other light (hereinafter may be abbreviated as member B-2). Can give.

As the member B-2, for example, a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer are formed on at least one surface of an arbitrary transparent web substrate such as a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film using a technique such as sputtering, vapor deposition, and coating. And a multi-layer laminate of alternating high-refractive-index transparent thermoplastic resin composition and low-refractive-index transparent thermoplastic resin composition; wavelength 800-1200 due to optical interference such as One that reflects nanometer light can be mentioned.

If desired, for example, by further using a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 700 to 800 nanometers and transmits other light (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as member B-3); By using a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 700 to 1200 nanometers and transmits other light (hereinafter, may be abbreviated as member B-4) instead of B-2; Nanometer light may be prevented from entering the agricultural or horticultural facilities. Agricultural and horticultural crops such as corn and sugarcane are very tall (usually 2 to 4 meters), so the solar cell module must be installed at a height of 4 meters or more. However, by using the laminate of member B and member B-3; or by using the laminate of member B and member B-4; reflecting light having a wavelength of 700 to 800 nanometers, that is, corn By not irradiating agricultural and horticultural crops such as sugarcane and sugarcane, the height of the plant can be lowered and the installation position of the solar cell module can be lowered.

The shape of the member B2 is arbitrary. Usually, a sheet-like material can be preferably used, but is not limited thereto.

The third aspect of the present invention will be described. The third invention further includes (C) a light diffusing member, and (5) (B) at least part of the light transmitted through the member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is (C) ) It is incident on the light diffusing member, and at least a part of the transmitted light is incident on the inside of the facility.

Even if the solar power generation system has a daylighting part, shadows are produced by places other than the daylighting part, so the amount of light received by the agricultural and horticultural crops varies depending on the place. The position dependency of the amount of light can be reduced by sufficiently increasing the distance from the daylighting part of the photovoltaic system, but for this purpose, the array of photovoltaic systems must be installed at a very high position. It will not be. Then, the maintenance of the system becomes a work at a high place, and its workability and safety are low. Also, because of the high location, there is a problem that the system is easily damaged by strong winds. Therefore, in the third aspect of the invention, at least part, preferably all, of the light transmitted through the daylighting part and the member B is incident on the light diffusing member C, and at least part, preferably all, of the transmitted diffused light is incident. Even if an array of solar cell systems is installed at an arbitrarily low position by making it enter the agricultural and horticultural facility, the position dependency of the light quantity is reduced, and the light quantity received by the agricultural and horticultural crops becomes constant regardless of the location. The variation in the growth state can be reduced.

In the agricultural and horticultural facility according to the third aspect of the present invention, the array of the photovoltaic power generation system can be installed at an arbitrarily low position, but the actual installation height is usually cultivated in the agricultural and horticultural facility. It is preferable to decide in consideration of the height that does not hinder the growth of crops to be grown and the farm workability inside the facility.

The light diffusing member C is not limited as long as sufficient light diffusibility is obtained and the total light transmittance is high, and any member can be used. For example, a member made of a resin composition in which a light diffusing agent is dispersed in a matrix made of a transparent resin can be mentioned.

Examples of the transparent resin include polymethacrylate resins, polystyrene resins and polycarbonate resins.

Examples of the light diffusing agent include inorganic fine particles such as crystalline silica, amorphous silica, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, and titanium oxide; inorganic fibers such as glass fibers; crosslinked acrylic particles, and crosslinked silicon And fine particles of crosslinked resin such as particles and crosslinked styrene-based particles.

The shape of the light diffusing member C is arbitrary. Usually, a sheet-like material can be preferably used, but is not limited thereto.

As shown in FIG. 4, the light diffusibility of the light diffusing member C is such that when a light beam is incident on the surface of the light diffusing member 11 from the light source 7 at an incident angle of 0 °, the amount of transmitted light (emitted light). However, it can be evaluated as an angle θ that is ½ of the value of 0 °. The larger the angle θ, the better the light diffusibility. The light diffusibility of the light diffusing member C is preferably as large as possible within a range where the total light transmittance can be kept high. When a spectrophotometer “SolidSpec-3700 (trade name)” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used and the solar radiation in the entire range of wavelengths of 380 to 780 nanometers is measured as measurement light, the angle θ is preferably 20 °. More preferably, it is 23 ° or more.

The total light transmittance of the light diffusing member C is preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. A higher total light transmittance is preferable.

In this specification, the total light transmittance is a value measured using a turbidimeter “NDH2000 (trade name)” of Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. according to JIS K 7361-1: 1997.

The light diffusing member C is, for example, laminated on the surface of the member B or the member B2 inside the agricultural or horticultural facility, or at a certain distance from the member B or the member B2 inside the agricultural or horticultural facility. Can be provided.

The configuration of the present invention has been specifically described by way of examples. However, these are merely illustrative examples of the present invention, and those who have ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention can use the present invention. Various modifications are possible without departing from the essential characteristics of the above. The technical idea and technical scope of the present invention are not limited by the embodiments disclosed in the present specification. The technical scope of the present invention should be determined based on the description of the scope of claims, and all the techniques within the equivalent scope are interpreted as being included in the technical scope of the present invention. Should.

It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the solar energy power generation system used for this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of the solar energy power generation system used for this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of the solar energy power generation system used for this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the apparatus which evaluates the light diffusibility of a light diffusable member.

1: Daylighting part 2: Double-sided power generation type module 3: Member B that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers
4: Light that passes through the daylighting portion and enters the member B 5: Light that is reflected by the member B and enters the double-sided power generation module 6: Light that passes through the member B and enters the agricultural / horticultural facility 7: Both sides Light 8 incident on the power generation type module: Total light reflecting member 9: Light passing through the daylighting part and incident on the total light reflecting member 8 10: Light reflected by the total light reflecting member 8 and incident on the member B 11: Light Diffusing member 12: Light source 13: Angle θ at which the amount of light transmitted through light diffusing member 11 is half the value of 0 °

Claims (3)

Agricultural and horticultural facilities,
(A) a solar power generation system having a daylighting part and a double-sided power generation type module; and (B) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers;
Have
(1) The (A) photovoltaic power generation system is provided in at least a part of a location where sunlight of an agricultural or horticultural facility is directly irradiated;
(2) At least a part of the light transmitted through the daylighting part of the (A) solar power generation system is incident on the member (B);
(3) At least a part of light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers reflected by the member (B) is incident on the double-sided power generation module of the solar power generation system (A);
(4) At least part of the light transmitted through the member (B) is incident on the inside of the facility;
Agricultural and horticultural facilities.
(B) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers,
(B2) a member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers and a wavelength of 800 to 1200 nanometers;
The agricultural and horticultural facility according to claim 1, wherein the facility is an agricultural or horticultural facility.
And (C) a light diffusing member
(5) (B) At least part of the light transmitted through the member that reflects light having a wavelength of 500 to 600 nanometers is incident on the (C) light diffusing member, and at least part of the transmitted light is facility. Entering inside;
The facility for agricultural or horticultural use according to claim 1 or 2.

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