JP2015164380A - Operation method for independent distributed power supply system - Google Patents

Operation method for independent distributed power supply system Download PDF

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JP2015164380A
JP2015164380A JP2014039584A JP2014039584A JP2015164380A JP 2015164380 A JP2015164380 A JP 2015164380A JP 2014039584 A JP2014039584 A JP 2014039584A JP 2014039584 A JP2014039584 A JP 2014039584A JP 2015164380 A JP2015164380 A JP 2015164380A
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fuel cell
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storage battery
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琴絵 水木
Kotoe Mizuki
琴絵 水木
敏 杉田
Satoshi Sugita
敏 杉田
寛也 矢島
Hiroya Yajima
寛也 矢島
晶子 高橋
Akiko Takahashi
晶子 高橋
忠利 馬場崎
Tadatoshi Babasaki
忠利 馬場崎
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an operation method including a fuel cell having high power generation efficiency in an independent distributed power supply comprising a photovoltaics, the fuel cell, and a battery.SOLUTION: An independent distributed power supply system 400 comprising a photovoltaics 102, a fuel cell 104, and a battery 108 makes output of the fuel cell be rated output when a charge rate of the battery is equal to or smaller than a prescribed value; and assigns a surplus power obtained by subtracting power consumed by a load 110 from the sum of power generated by the photovoltaics and the fuel cell for charging the battery when the surplus power is generated. The prescribed value with respect to the charge rate differs according to the power consumed by the load, and is smaller as the power consumed by the load is larger.

Description

本発明は、独立型分散電源システムの運転方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for operating a stand-alone distributed power supply system.

近年、太陽光発電や燃料電池、蓄電池などを組み合わせた分散型電力システムが提唱され、制御法の研究や実証試験が現在さかんに行われている（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。図１に、非特許文献１の電源システムの構成を示す。図１の電源システム１００は、太陽光発電装置１０２（ＰＶ:photovoltaics）と燃料電池装置１０４（ＦＣ:Fuel cell）と蓄電池１０８(Ｂａｔｔ：Battery)とを備える。   In recent years, distributed power systems combining solar power generation, fuel cells, storage batteries, and the like have been proposed, and research and demonstration tests of control methods are currently being conducted (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the power supply system of Non-Patent Document 1. The power supply system 100 in FIG. 1 includes a photovoltaic power generation device 102 (PV: photovoltaic), a fuel cell device 104 (FC: fuel cell), and a storage battery 108 (Batt: Battery).

太陽光発電装置１０２（ＰＶ:photovoltaics）は、最大出力電力を調整する最大出力電制御装置（ＭＰＰＴ：Maximum Power Point Tracker）１１２を有し、ＭＰＰＴを介して電力バスに接続されている。   The photovoltaic power generation device 102 (PV: photovoltaics) has a maximum output power control device (MPPT: Maximum Power Point Tracker) 112 that adjusts the maximum output power, and is connected to the power bus via the MPPT.

燃料電池装置１０４は、ダイオード１１６を介して電力バスに接続されている。これにより、ＭＰＰＴ１１２の出力電圧範囲は燃料電池装置１０４のそれよりも高く設定されており、ＭＰＰＴ１１２側が燃料電池装置１０４に対して優先的に電力が供給される。また、燃料電池装置１０４には、燃料を供給するＬＰＧボンベ１０６が接続されている。   The fuel cell device 104 is connected to a power bus via a diode 116. As a result, the output voltage range of the MPPT 112 is set higher than that of the fuel cell device 104, and power is preferentially supplied to the fuel cell device 104 on the MPPT 112 side. Further, an LPG cylinder 106 for supplying fuel is connected to the fuel cell device 104.

蓄電池１０８は、ダイオード１２２を介して電力バスに接続されている。ＤＣ／ＤＣ変換器１１８の出力電圧範囲は蓄電池１０８のそれよりも高く設定されており、ＤＣ／ＤＣ変換器１１８側が蓄電池１０８に対して優先的に電力が供給される。また、蓄電池１０８には、電力バスから電力を引き込み蓄電池１０８の充電を制御するチャージャ１２０が接続されている。   The storage battery 108 is connected to the power bus via the diode 122. The output voltage range of the DC / DC converter 118 is set to be higher than that of the storage battery 108, and power is preferentially supplied to the storage battery 108 on the DC / DC converter 118 side. The storage battery 108 is connected to a charger 120 that controls the charging of the storage battery 108 by drawing power from the power bus.

電力バスには、ＤＣ／ＤＣ変換器１１８が備えられている。   The power bus is provided with a DC / DC converter 118.

これらの分散した電源、すなわち、太陽光発電装置１０２、燃料電池装置１０４および蓄電池１０８は、電源システム１００において電力バスに接続され、この電力バスに接続された負荷１１０（Ｌｏａｄ）へ電力が供給される。例えば、太陽光発電装置が発電する電力が負荷１１０により消費される電力よりも小さいとき、電力バスの電圧が低下する。この電力バスの低下に応答してダイオード（１１６，１２２）に接続された燃料電池１０４や蓄電池１０８からの電力が負荷１１０へ供給される。このように、太陽光発電装置は、化石燃料を消費しないため、なるべく太陽光発電装置による電力を有効利用するのが望ましい。   These distributed power sources, that is, the photovoltaic power generation device 102, the fuel cell device 104, and the storage battery 108 are connected to a power bus in the power supply system 100, and power is supplied to a load 110 (Load) connected to the power bus. The For example, when the power generated by the solar power generation device is smaller than the power consumed by the load 110, the voltage of the power bus decreases. In response to the decrease in the power bus, power from the fuel cell 104 and the storage battery 108 connected to the diodes (116, 122) is supplied to the load 110. Thus, since the solar power generation device does not consume fossil fuel, it is desirable to effectively use the power from the solar power generation device as much as possible.

矢島寛也 外４名、「太陽電池と燃料電池を用いた小規模電源システム」、２０１３年ソサイエティ大会演論文集、 2 S-31〜32、電子情報通信学会、２０１３年Hiroya Yajima, 4 others, "Small-scale power supply system using solar cells and fuel cells", 2013 Society Conference Proceedings, 2 S-31-32, IEICE, 2013

しかしながら、図１に示す電源システムで一定負荷に定常的に電力を供給しようとするとき、図３に示すように、天候により太陽光発電装置の出力電力（発電電力）が負荷の要求出力（消費）に満たないことがある。このとき、上述したように他の電源より不足分の電力を供給する必要がある。例えば、燃料電池装置でこの不足分の電力を供給する方法が考えられる。   However, when the power supply system shown in FIG. 1 tries to steadily supply power to a constant load, as shown in FIG. 3, the output power (generated power) of the photovoltaic power generation device depends on the required output (consumption) ) May not be met. At this time, as described above, it is necessary to supply insufficient power from other power sources. For example, a method of supplying this shortage of power with a fuel cell device is conceivable.

しかしながら、燃料電池装置で消費する燃料の供給を、太陽光発電装置の出力変動を予測して追随させることは難しいため、予想される最大の要求出力電力を見越して予め相応の燃料を供給しておく必要がある。図２に示すように、燃料電池装置は、発電効率の出力依存性が大きい。このために、非定常出力のとき、および定格出力でないときは、時間平均の発電効率が低くなり、備蓄燃料を効率的に電力に変換できない課題があった。たとえば、図３に示すような太陽光発電装置の電力の不足分を燃料電池装置の電力で補てんする場合、燃料電池の３０分間の平均発電効率は３％と低くなる。   However, since it is difficult to follow the supply of fuel consumed by the fuel cell device by predicting the output fluctuation of the photovoltaic power generation device, supply the corresponding fuel in advance in anticipation of the expected maximum required output power. It is necessary to keep. As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell device has a large output dependency of the power generation efficiency. For this reason, when the output is unsteady and when it is not the rated output, there is a problem that the time-average power generation efficiency is low and the stored fuel cannot be efficiently converted into electric power. For example, when the shortage of the power of the solar power generation device as shown in FIG. 3 is supplemented with the power of the fuel cell device, the average power generation efficiency for 30 minutes of the fuel cell is as low as 3%.

本発明は、このような問題に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、太陽光発電装置と燃料電池装置と蓄電池とを備えた電源装置における、燃料電池装置の発電効率の高い運転方法を提供することにある。これにより、備蓄燃料をより効率的に電力に変換し、電源装置のより長時間の運転を実現しようとするものである。   The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to operate the fuel cell device with high power generation efficiency in a power supply device including a solar power generation device, a fuel cell device, and a storage battery. It is to provide a method. Thereby, the stored fuel is more efficiently converted into electric power, and the operation of the power supply apparatus is realized for a longer time.

本発明の一態様は、太陽光発電装置と燃料電池装置と蓄電池とを備えた独立型分散電源システムの運転方法である。蓄電池の充電率（ＳＯＣ : State of Charge）が一定以下の場合に、燃料電池装置を発電効率の高い出力領域で継続的に運転することを特徴とする。たとえば、燃料電池装置における発電効率の高い出力領域は、燃料電池装置の定格出力に近い領域である。また、太陽光発電装置と燃料電池装置が発電した電力の和の内、負荷が消費する電力より大きな余剰電力が発生した場合には、この余剰電力を蓄電池に充電することを特徴とする。これにより、より長い時間燃料電池を高効率で運転することを可能とする。   One embodiment of the present invention is a method for operating a stand-alone distributed power supply system including a solar power generation device, a fuel cell device, and a storage battery. When the state of charge (SOC) of the storage battery is below a certain level, the fuel cell device is continuously operated in an output region with high power generation efficiency. For example, the output region with high power generation efficiency in the fuel cell device is a region close to the rated output of the fuel cell device. Further, when surplus power larger than the power consumed by the load is generated in the sum of the power generated by the solar power generation device and the fuel cell device, the surplus power is charged in the storage battery. As a result, the fuel cell can be operated with high efficiency for a longer time.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、太陽光発電装置、燃料電池装置および蓄電池を備えた独立型分散電源において、燃料電池装置の発電効率の高い運転方法を提供することができる。これにより、災害による長時間停電の際などにより長い時間の電力供給を可能とする。   As described above, according to the present invention, an operation method with high power generation efficiency of a fuel cell device can be provided in an independent distributed power source including a solar power generation device, a fuel cell device, and a storage battery. As a result, it is possible to supply power for a longer period of time due to a long-time power outage due to a disaster.

従来の独立型分散電源システムを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the conventional independent type | mold distributed power supply system. （ａ）は燃料電池の出力電量と発電電力および消費熱量との関係を示す図であり、（ｂ）燃料電池の出力電量と発電効率との関係を示す図である。(A) is a figure which shows the relationship between the output electric energy of a fuel cell, generated electric power, and heat consumption, and (b) is the figure which shows the relationship between the electric energy output of a fuel cell, and electric power generation efficiency. 定常付加への電力供給時の太陽光発電の電力トレンドを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the electric power trend of the solar power generation at the time of the electric power supply to steady addition. 本発明の一実施形態に係る独立型分散電源システムを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the stand-alone distributed power supply system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施形態について詳細に説明する。なお、図面において、同一の機能を有するものは同一符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は省略する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, components having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof is omitted.

図４は、本発明の実施形態の運転方法により運転される独立型分散電源システムの構成を示す図である。図４の電源システム４００は、太陽光発電装置（ＰＶ）１０２と燃料電池装置（ＦＣ）１０４と蓄電池(Ｂａｔｔ)１０８と備える。蓄電池１０８の容量は十分に大きく、かつ蓄電池の充電器（チャージャ）１２０の容量は負荷１１０の最大消費電力程度に大きいものを用いる。   FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of an independent distributed power supply system operated by the operation method of the embodiment of the present invention. The power supply system 400 of FIG. 4 includes a photovoltaic power generation device (PV) 102, a fuel cell device (FC) 104, and a storage battery (Batt) 108. The storage battery 108 has a sufficiently large capacity, and a storage battery charger (charger) 120 having a capacity as large as the maximum power consumption of the load 110 is used.

燃料電池装置（ＦＣ）１０４とダイオード１１６との間に遮断スイッチＳ１（４０５）が設けられている。   A cutoff switch S1 (405) is provided between the fuel cell device (FC) 104 and the diode 116.

電源システム４００は、記憶装置４０４を有する制御部４０４を備える。記憶装置４０４には、運転制御に関するプログラムやデータが記憶されている。   The power supply system 400 includes a control unit 404 having a storage device 404. The storage device 404 stores programs and data related to operation control.

蓄電装置１０８には、充電率を計測する充電率計測装置４０８が設けられている。計測された蓄電装置の充電率の値は、制御部４０４へ供給される。また、電源システム４００は、負荷１１０の消費電力を計測する負荷電力計測装置４１０を備える。計測された負荷１１０の消費電力の値は、制御部４０４へ供給される。   The power storage device 108 is provided with a charging rate measuring device 408 that measures the charging rate. The measured value of the charging rate of the power storage device is supplied to the control unit 404. The power supply system 400 also includes a load power measuring device 410 that measures the power consumption of the load 110. The measured power consumption value of the load 110 is supplied to the control unit 404.

チャージャ１２０の容量は、このシステム内で生じる出力変動の量と同程度の大きさを有する。チャージャ１２０の入力端には、遮断スイッチ（Ｓ２）４０６が設けられている。スイッチＳ２（４０６）は、スイッチＳ１（４０５）と共に、本実施形態の運用方法に従って、開閉する。   The capacity of the charger 120 is as large as the amount of output fluctuation that occurs in the system. At the input end of the charger 120, a cutoff switch (S2) 406 is provided. The switch S2 (406) opens and closes together with the switch S1 (405) according to the operation method of the present embodiment.

本実施形態の運転方法では、蓄電池の充電率ＳＯＣが所定の値以下である場合に、燃料電池装置１０４からの出力が定格出力に近い状態（発電効率の高い出力領域）で継続的に該燃料電池装置を運転し、太陽光発電装置と燃料電池装置が発電した電力の和から負荷が消費する電力を差し引いた余剰電力が発生した場合には、この余剰電力を蓄電池に充電する。蓄電池の充電率ＳＯＣにおける所定の値は、負荷の消費電力に応じて予め定められた値である。例えば、負荷の消費電力が大きい程、充電率についての所定の値は小さい。   In the operation method of the present embodiment, when the charge rate SOC of the storage battery is equal to or lower than a predetermined value, the fuel is continuously output in a state where the output from the fuel cell device 104 is close to the rated output (output region where power generation efficiency is high). When surplus power is generated by operating the battery device and subtracting the power consumed by the load from the sum of the power generated by the solar power generation device and the fuel cell device, the surplus power is charged in the storage battery. The predetermined value in the charging rate SOC of the storage battery is a value determined in advance according to the power consumption of the load. For example, the larger the power consumption of the load, the smaller the predetermined value for the charging rate.

これにより負荷１１０の消費電力や太陽光発電装置１０２の発電電力にかかわらず燃料電池装置１０４を発電効率の高い出力領域で運転することが可能となり、一定の燃料でより長時間発電を継続することが可能となる。   This makes it possible to operate the fuel cell device 104 in an output region with high power generation efficiency regardless of the power consumption of the load 110 or the power generation power of the solar power generation device 102, and to continue power generation for a longer time with a constant fuel. Is possible.

以下、表１に示すように運転モード１〜６を説明する。負荷の消費電力Ｘと蓄電池の充電率Ｚ（負荷の消費電力に応じて異なる）にしたがって、スイッチ（Ｓ１）４０５、スイッチ（Ｓ２）４０６、燃料電池装置１０４の運転（発電量）が制御される。   Hereinafter, the operation modes 1 to 6 will be described as shown in Table 1. The operation (power generation amount) of the switch (S1) 405, the switch (S2) 406, and the fuel cell device 104 is controlled according to the power consumption X of the load and the charging rate Z of the storage battery (which varies depending on the power consumption of the load). .

負荷による消費電力Ｘの最大値は３６０Ｗ、太陽光発電装置１０２の発電量Ｙの最大値は１９０Ｗ、燃料電池装置の出力Ｂの最大値（定格電力）は３６０Ｗ、燃料電池装置の消費熱量の最小値を９００ジュール／秒、燃料電池装置の消費熱量の最大値（定格電力出力時）は１１００ジュール／秒である。このような特性を有する試作した電源システムで、負荷出力３６０Ｗに対して晴天時に３０分間連続発電させたこところ、３０分間の燃料電池装置の発電効率Ｄは２８％となった。発電効率Ｄの２８％という値は、従来の動作方法(発電効率３％)と比べて非常に高い値であり、燃料の電力変換効率が高められた結果を示すものである。   The maximum value of the power consumption X by the load is 360 W, the maximum value of the power generation amount Y of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is 190 W, the maximum value (rated power) of the output B of the fuel cell apparatus is 360 W, and the minimum heat consumption of the fuel cell apparatus The value is 900 joules / second, and the maximum value of heat consumption of the fuel cell device (at the time of rated power output) is 1100 joules / second. In the prototype power supply system having such characteristics, the power generation efficiency D of the fuel cell device for 30 minutes was 28% when the power was continuously generated for 30 minutes in a fine weather with respect to the load output of 360 W. The value of 28% of the power generation efficiency D is a very high value compared to the conventional operation method (power generation efficiency of 3%), and shows the result of increasing the power conversion efficiency of the fuel.

Figure 2015164380
Figure 2015164380

（モード１）
運転モード１は、太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙが負荷の消費電力Ｘよりも小さい場合に適用される運転モードである。制御装置４０２は、負荷電力計測装置４１０および充電率計測装置４０８から供給される値に基づいて、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的小さい（予め定められた値以下であり）という条件と、当該消費電力Ｘに対応する蓄電池の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値以下であるという条件とが満たされるかどうかを決定する。これらの２つの条件の双方が満たされる場合には、スイッチＳ１（４０５）とスイッチＳ２（４０６）をオンに切替え、出力Ｂが最大（定格電力値）となるように燃料電池装置１０４を運転し、太陽光発電装置１０２の出力を補償するとともに、チャージャ１２０を介して蓄電池４０８を充電する。このとき燃料電池装置１０４の発電効率は２８％となる。 (Mode 1)
The operation mode 1 is an operation mode applied when the electric power Y of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is smaller than the power consumption X of the load. Based on the values supplied from the load power measuring device 410 and the charging rate measuring device 408, the control device 402 has a condition that the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively small (below a predetermined value), and It is determined whether or not a condition that the charging rate Z of the storage battery corresponding to the power consumption X is equal to or less than a predetermined value is satisfied. When both of these two conditions are satisfied, the switch S1 (405) and the switch S2 (406) are switched on, and the fuel cell device 104 is operated so that the output B becomes maximum (rated power value). In addition to compensating the output of the solar power generation device 102, the storage battery 408 is charged via the charger 120. At this time, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 104 is 28%.

（モード２）
運転モード２は、太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙが負荷の消費電力Ｘよりも大きい場合に適用される運転モードである。制御装置４０２は、負荷電力計測装置４１０および充電率計測装置４０８から供給される値に基づいて、モード１に示した２つの条件の双方が満たされるかどうかを決定する。充電率Ｚに関する条件のみが満たされない場合には、制御装置４０２は、スイッチＳ１（４０５）をオンに切替え、スイッチＳ２（４０６）をオンに切替え、燃料電池装置１０４を待機状態で運転する。太陽光発電装置１０２の出力は、負荷とチャージャ１２０へ供給される。また、太陽光発電装置１０２の出力の余剰分は、太陽光発電装置１０２のＭＰＴＴ内部で消費される。燃料電池装置１０４が待機状態（出力が０Ｗ）であるのにスイッチＳ１（４０５）をオンにするのは、太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙが負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘよりも大きい状態が保たれるか、曇るなどして太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙが低下するかの予測ができず、かつ、蓄電池１０８の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値以下であるためである。太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙや蓄電池１０８の放電電力が短時間で低下する場合に備えて、スイッチＳ１（４０５）をオンにして燃料電池装置１０４を電力バス接続しておくのが望ましい。 (Mode 2)
The operation mode 2 is an operation mode applied when the electric power Y of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is larger than the power consumption X of the load. Based on the values supplied from load power measurement device 410 and charge rate measurement device 408, control device 402 determines whether or not both of the two conditions shown in mode 1 are satisfied. When only the condition relating to the charging rate Z is not satisfied, the control device 402 switches on the switch S1 (405), switches on the switch S2 (406), and operates the fuel cell device 104 in a standby state. The output of the solar power generation device 102 is supplied to the load and the charger 120. Further, the surplus output of the solar power generation device 102 is consumed inside the MPTT of the solar power generation device 102. The switch S1 (405) is turned on while the fuel cell device 104 is in the standby state (output is 0 W) because the power Y of the solar power generation device 102 is larger than the power consumption X of the load 110. This is because it is impossible to predict whether the power Y of the solar power generation device 102 will be reduced due to clouding or clouding, and the charging rate Z of the storage battery 108 is not more than a predetermined value. In preparation for a case where the power Y of the solar power generation device 102 or the discharge power of the storage battery 108 decreases in a short time, it is desirable to turn on the switch S1 (405) and connect the fuel cell device 104 to the power bus.

（モード３）
運転モード３は、太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙが負荷の消費電力Ｘよりも小さい場合に適用される運転モードである。制御装置４０２は、負荷電力計測装置４１０および充電率計測装置４０８から供給される値に基づいて、モード１に示した２つの条件が満たされるかどうかを決定する。制御装置４０２は、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的小さいが、当該消費電力Ｘに対応する蓄電池の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値より大きいと決定した場合、スイッチＳ１（４０５）およびスイッチＳ２（４０６）をオフに切替え、燃料電池装置１０４を待機状態で運転する。この場合、電力バスの電圧が低下するため、蓄電池１２０に蓄えられた電力が放電され、太陽光発電装置１０２の出力とともに負荷１１０へ供給される。 (Mode 3)
The operation mode 3 is an operation mode applied when the electric power Y of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is smaller than the power consumption X of the load. The control device 402 determines whether or not the two conditions shown in mode 1 are satisfied based on the values supplied from the load power measuring device 410 and the charging rate measuring device 408. When the control device 402 determines that the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively small but the charging rate Z of the storage battery corresponding to the power consumption X is larger than a predetermined value, the switch S1 (405) and the switch S2 (406) is switched off and the fuel cell device 104 is operated in a standby state. In this case, since the voltage of the power bus decreases, the power stored in the storage battery 120 is discharged and supplied to the load 110 together with the output of the solar power generation device 102.

（モード４）
運転モード４は、太陽光発電装置１０２の電力Ｙが負荷の消費電力Ｘよりも大きい場合に適用される運転モードである。制御装置４０２は、負荷電力計測装置４１０および充電率計測装置４０８から供給される値に基づいて、モード１に示した２つの条件が満たされるかどうかを決定する。制御装置４０２は、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的小さいが、当該消費電力Ｘに対応する蓄電池の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値より大きいと決定した場合、スイッチＳ１（４０５）およびスイッチＳ２（４０６）をオフに切替え、燃料電池装置１０４を待機状態で運転する。太陽光発電装置１０２の出力は、負荷１１０のみへ供給される。また、太陽光発電装置１０２の出力の余剰分は、太陽光発電装置１０２のＭＰＴＴ内部で消費される。 (Mode 4)
The operation mode 4 is an operation mode applied when the electric power Y of the photovoltaic power generation apparatus 102 is larger than the power consumption X of the load. The control device 402 determines whether or not the two conditions shown in mode 1 are satisfied based on the values supplied from the load power measuring device 410 and the charging rate measuring device 408. When the control device 402 determines that the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively small but the charging rate Z of the storage battery corresponding to the power consumption X is larger than a predetermined value, the switch S1 (405) and the switch S2 (406) is switched off and the fuel cell device 104 is operated in a standby state. The output of the solar power generation device 102 is supplied only to the load 110. Further, the surplus output of the solar power generation device 102 is consumed inside the MPTT of the solar power generation device 102.

（モード５）
運転モード５は、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的大きい（モード１で説明した予め定められた値よりも大きい）場合に適用される運転モードである。 (Mode 5)
The operation mode 5 is an operation mode that is applied when the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively large (greater than the predetermined value described in mode 1).

制御装置４０２は、負荷電力計測装置４１０および充電率計測装置４０８から供給される値に基づいて、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的大きい（モード１〜４における値より大きい）という条件と、当該消費電力Ｘに対応する蓄電池の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値（モード１〜４における値よりも小さい値）以下であるという条件とが満たされるかどうかを決定する。これらの２つの条件の双方が満たされる場合には、スイッチＳ１（４０５）とスイッチＳ２（４０６）をオンに切替え、出力Ｂが最大（定格電力値）となるように燃料電池装置１０４を運転し、太陽光発電装置１０２の出力を補償するとともに、チャージャ１２０を介して蓄電池４０８を充電する。このとき燃料電池装置１０４の発電効率は２８％となる。このように、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが大きい場合でも充電率がある程度(例えば、５０％)となるように蓄電池が充電される。   Based on the values supplied from the load power measuring device 410 and the charging rate measuring device 408, the control device 402 has a condition that the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively large (greater than the values in modes 1 to 4), and It is determined whether or not a condition that the charging rate Z of the storage battery corresponding to the power consumption X is equal to or less than a predetermined value (a value smaller than the values in modes 1 to 4) is satisfied. When both of these two conditions are satisfied, the switch S1 (405) and the switch S2 (406) are switched on, and the fuel cell device 104 is operated so that the output B becomes maximum (rated power value). In addition to compensating the output of the solar power generation device 102, the storage battery 408 is charged via the charger 120. At this time, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 104 is 28%. Thus, even when the power consumption X of the load 110 is large, the storage battery is charged so that the charging rate becomes a certain level (for example, 50%).

（モード６）
モード６は、モード５と同様に、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的大きい（モード１で説明した予め定められた値よりも大きい）場合に適用される運転モードである。 (Mode 6)
Mode 6 is an operation mode applied when the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively large (larger than the predetermined value described in mode 1), as in mode 5.

制御装置４０２は、負荷電力計測装置４１０および充電率計測装置４０８から供給される値に基づいて、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的大きい（モード１〜４における値より大きい）という条件と、当該消費電力Ｘに対応する蓄電池の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値（モード１〜４における値よりも小さい値）以下であるという条件とが満たされるかどうかを決定する。制御装置４０２は、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが比較的大きいが、当該消費電力Ｘに対応する蓄電池の充電率Ｚが予め定められた値より大きいと決定した場合、スイッチＳ１（４０５）をオンに切替え、スイッチＳ２（４０６）をオフに切替え、燃料電池装置１０４を運転し、太陽光発電装置１０２の出力を補償する。（燃料電池装置１０４の出力Ｂと燃料電池装置１０４の出力Ｙの和が負荷による消費電力Ｘとなるように、燃料電池装置１０４を運転する。）このように、負荷１１０の消費電力Ｘが大きい場合、消費電力Ｘが小さくなるときに備えて蓄電池の空き容量を確保する。   Based on the values supplied from the load power measuring device 410 and the charging rate measuring device 408, the control device 402 has a condition that the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively large (greater than the values in modes 1 to 4), and It is determined whether or not a condition that the charging rate Z of the storage battery corresponding to the power consumption X is equal to or less than a predetermined value (a value smaller than the values in modes 1 to 4) is satisfied. When the control device 402 determines that the power consumption X of the load 110 is relatively large but the charging rate Z of the storage battery corresponding to the power consumption X is greater than a predetermined value, the control device 402 turns on the switch S1 (405). Switching, switch S2 (406) is turned off, fuel cell device 104 is operated, and the output of solar power generation device 102 is compensated. (The fuel cell device 104 is operated so that the sum of the output B of the fuel cell device 104 and the output Y of the fuel cell device 104 becomes the power consumption X by the load.) Thus, the power consumption X of the load 110 is large. In this case, the free capacity of the storage battery is secured in preparation for when the power consumption X becomes small.

以上、具体的な数値を例示して、本願発明を説明したが、本願発明はこれらの数値に限定されるものではない。   The present invention has been described above by exemplifying specific numerical values, but the present invention is not limited to these numerical values.

本願発明によれば、燃料電池装置の発電効率の高い運転方法を提供され、長い時間燃料電池を高効率で運転することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, an operation method with high power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device is provided, and the fuel cell can be operated with high efficiency for a long time.

１００，４００ 独立型分散電源システム
１０２ 太陽光発電装置
１０４ 燃料電池装置
１０６ ＬＰガスボンベ
１０８ 蓄電池
１１０ 負荷
１１２ 最大出力電制御装置
１１６ ダイオード
４０５，４０６ スイッチ
１１８ ＤＣ／ＤＣ変換器
１２０ チャージャ
４０２ 制御部
４０４ 記億装置
４０８ 充電率計測装置
４１０ 負荷電力計測装置 100,400 Independent distributed power supply system 102 Photovoltaic power generation device 104 Fuel cell device 106 LP gas cylinder 108 Storage battery 110 Load 112 Maximum output power control device 116 Diode 405,406 Switch 118 DC / DC converter 120 Charger 402 Control unit 404 Device 408 Charging rate measuring device 410 Load power measuring device

Claims (5)

太陽光発電装置と燃料電池装置と蓄電池と備えた独立型分散電源システムの運転方法であって、
前記蓄電池の充電率が所定値以下の場合に、前記燃料電池装置を発電効率の高い出力領域で継続的に運転し、前記太陽光発電装置が発電した電力と前記燃料電池装置が発電した電力の和から前記独立分散電源システムに接続された負荷が消費する電力を差し引いた余剰電力が発生した場合には、この余剰電力を前記蓄電池の充電のための電力とすることを特徴とする独立型分散電源システムの運転方法。 An operation method of a stand-alone distributed power supply system including a solar power generation device, a fuel cell device, and a storage battery,
When the charge rate of the storage battery is less than or equal to a predetermined value, the fuel cell device is continuously operated in an output region with high power generation efficiency, and the power generated by the solar power generation device and the power generated by the fuel cell device are When surplus power is generated by subtracting power consumed by a load connected to the independent distributed power supply system from the sum, the surplus power is used as power for charging the storage battery. How to operate the power system. 前記太陽光発電装置からの電力が、前記負荷が消費する電力を下回った場合に、前記燃料電池装置の運転または前記蓄電池の放電を行うことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の運転方法。   2. The operation method according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the fuel cell device or the discharge of the storage battery is performed when the electric power from the solar power generation device falls below the electric power consumed by the load. 前記充電率についての前記所定の値は、前記負荷の消費電力に応じて予め定められた値である、ことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の運転方法。   The driving method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined value for the charging rate is a value determined in advance according to power consumption of the load. 前記負荷の消費電力が大きい程、前記充電率についての前記所定の値は小さい値であることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の運転方法。   The driving method according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined value for the charging rate is smaller as the power consumption of the load is larger. 前記余剰電力の一部を前記太陽光発電装置の最大出力電制御装置で消費することを特徴とする請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1, wherein a part of the surplus power is consumed by a maximum output power control device of the solar power generation device.
JP2014039584A 2014-02-28 2014-02-28 Operation method for independent distributed power supply system Pending JP2015164380A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110048400A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-23 上海电力学院 The full DC micro-electric network control method of house based on photovoltaic power generation, fuel cell
WO2024095629A1 (en) * 2022-11-02 2024-05-10 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Power system operating method, and power system control device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110048400A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-07-23 上海电力学院 The full DC micro-electric network control method of house based on photovoltaic power generation, fuel cell
WO2024095629A1 (en) * 2022-11-02 2024-05-10 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Power system operating method, and power system control device

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