JP2015152818A - Method for manufacturing toner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a toner, capable of suppressing viscosity increase due to the addition of resin to obtain a sharp particle size distribution without disturbing granulation properties and excellent in fixability and durability.SOLUTION: A method for manufacturing a toner includes a step of: dispersing and copolymerizing a polymerizable monomer composition containing styrene and a polyester A having a polymerizable functional group polymerizable with a vinyl group of the styrene in an aqueous medium. The polyester A is obtained by modifying a terminal of polyester by a compound having a polymerizable functional group polymerizable with a vinyl group of styrene. The melting point (Tm) of the polyester A is 50°C or more and 95°C or less, The polymerizable monomer composition includes the polyester A of 40 mass% or less and 3 mass% or more. The toner has an endothermic peak or a shoulder derived from the polyester A in a DSC measurement.

Description

  The present invention relates to a toner manufacturing method for developing an electrostatic latent image in an image forming method such as electrophotography, electrostatic recording, magnetic recording, and toner jet.

A technique for visualizing image information through an electrostatic latent image such as electrophotography is widely used in various fields such as a copying machine and a printer. With the development of technology, the fields of use have expanded and the electrophotographic apparatus has become diverse, and various added values such as improved durability and fixing properties and higher image quality have been demanded.
In view of the above background, toners used in electrophotographic methods (apparatuses) are good at function separation structures, and toner production by a wet method capable of adding added value relatively easily has become mainstream. Various types of wet toners have been studied, and production methods such as a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, and a dissolution suspension method have been proposed depending on the material constituting the toner and the desired toner particle shape.
Among them, the suspension polymerization method is good at a function-separated core-shell structure, and can achieve both high durability and developability.
In addition, in order to improve the low-temperature fixability, introduction of a crystalline resin into the core has been proposed (Patent Document 1). However, crystalline resins generally have the drawback of low elasticity and are brittle, and when introduced into toner, there is a problem that durability is lowered even in suspension polymerization methods that are good at core-shell structures.
As a measure for achieving both low-temperature fixability and durability, a hybrid resin of a crystalline resin and an amorphous resin has been proposed (Patent Document 2). As a result, a toner having both low-temperature fixability and durability can be obtained. However, since the hybrid resin has characteristics of both a crystalline part and an amorphous part, it is necessary to increase the molecular weight of each part to some extent. In the suspension polymerization method, when such a resin having a relatively high molecular weight is added, there arises a problem that the granulation property deteriorates as the viscosity of the polymerizable monomer composition increases.
In addition, market demands are becoming stricter and further low-temperature fixability is required. In order to extend the low-temperature fixability, it is necessary to introduce a large amount of the above-described crystalline material into the toner, which is a big problem in terms of productivity.

JP 2007-71993 A JP 2010-139659 A

  The present invention provides a toner manufacturing method that solves the above background art. That is, the present invention provides a method for producing a toner excellent in fixability and durability while maintaining granulation.

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have found that according to the following method, a toner satisfying the performance with respect to the above problems can be obtained.
That is, the present invention adds a polymerizable monomer composition containing styrene and polyester A having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of the styrene to the aqueous medium, Forming the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition with:
A method for producing a toner comprising a step of copolymerizing the styrene and the polyester A contained in the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition to obtain toner particles,
The polyester A is obtained by modifying the terminal of the polyester with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of styrene,
The melting point (Tm) of the polyester A is 50 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower,
The polymerizable monomer composition contains 3% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the polyester A,
The present invention relates to a method for producing a toner, wherein the toner has an endothermic peak or shoulder derived from the polyester A in DSC measurement.

  According to the present invention, a sharp particle size distribution can be obtained without inhibiting the increase in viscosity due to the addition of the resin and disturbing the granulation property. Further, it is possible to produce a toner that is excellent in low-temperature fixability and excellent in developability and durability even for long-term printing.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described.
The method for producing the toner of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as the production method of the present invention) comprises a polymerizable monomer containing styrene and polyester A having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of the styrene. Adding a monomer composition into an aqueous medium to form particles of the polymerizable monomer composition in the aqueous medium;
A method for producing a toner comprising a step of copolymerizing the styrene and the polyester A contained in the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition to obtain toner particles,
The polyester A is obtained by modifying the terminal of the polyester with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of styrene,
The melting point (Tm) of the polyester A is 50 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower,
The polymerizable monomer composition contains 3% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the polyester A,
The toner has an endothermic peak or a shoulder derived from the polyester A in DSC measurement.

Although the detailed expression mechanism of the present invention is not clear, the present inventors consider as follows.
In the present invention, it is essential that the polymerizable monomer composition constituting the toner contains styrene and polyester A having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with the vinyl group of the styrene. In the stage of granulation, the above styrene and polyester A exist independently, and as a resin component that causes an increase in viscosity of the polymerizable monomer composition, polyester A and a shell added as necessary Examples thereof include a polar resin and a charge control resin. Therefore, even if a relatively large amount of polyester A is contained, an increase in the viscosity of the polymerizable monomer composition is suppressed, and a sharp particle size distribution can be obtained without disturbing the granulation property.
Next, in the polymerization reaction step, styrene and polyester A are copolymerized to produce a crystal-amorphous hybrid resin in which polystyrene is grafted onto polyester A. With this hybrid resin, a toner excellent in durability and low-temperature fixability can be obtained.
The polyester A is obtained by modifying the terminal of the polyester with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of styrene. That is, polyester A is a polymerizable functional group and is modified only at the molecular ends. In the case of having a polymerizable functional group other than the molecular terminal, there is a possibility that the higher molecular weight has more polymerizable functional groups and the lower molecular weight has no polymerizable functional group with respect to the molecular weight distribution of polyester A. Get higher. Therefore, when copolymerized with styrene in the polymerization step, those having a large molecular weight are crosslinked to produce a macromolecular component, and those having a low molecular weight are often present as unreacted resins.

The polymerizable functional group of polyester A is preferably 0.7 or more and 1.5 or less per polyester molecule. In the case of 0.7 or less, the presence of unmodified polyester increases, so that heat resistance and durability tend to be inferior.
When the number is more than 1.5, the ratio of having a polymerizable functional group at both ends of the polyester molecule increases, so that a component acting as a cross-linking agent during polymerization tends to decrease and the fixing gloss tends to decrease. Further, the fixability tends to be inhibited, and the low-temperature fixability may be poor. The polymerizable functional group of the polyester A is more preferably 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less per polyester molecule.
It is preferable that the polyester A is obtained by modifying one end of the polyester molecule with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with the vinyl group of styrene. If it is modified at one end, it does not have two or more polymerizable functional groups in one molecule of the polyester molecule (polyester A does not include the polyester molecule having the polymerizable functional group at both ends of the polyester molecule). Therefore, the gloss at the time of fixing is excellent without acting as a crosslinking component.

The melting point (Tm) of the polyester A needs to be 50 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower. When it is lower than 50 ° C., the storage stability is poor and sufficient durability cannot be obtained. When the temperature is higher than 95 ° C., the solubility in the polymerizable monomer composition is poor and the granulation property is disturbed, and uneven distribution in the toner particles occurs, resulting in poor durability and fixability. The melting point (Tm) of polyester A is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower. The melting point of the polyester A can be controlled by the monomer or molecular weight that forms the polyester A.
The hybrid resin obtained by copolymerizing polyester A and styrene needs to maintain crystallinity in the toner. Whether crystallinity is maintained is determined by the presence or absence of an endothermic peak derived from polyester A in DCS. The endothermic peak derived from polyester A in the DSC measurement of the toner may overlap with other components such as wax, and in that case, it may exist as a shoulder. Therefore, when the toner has an endothermic peak or shoulder derived from polyester A in DSC measurement, it can be determined that the hybrid resin of polyester A and styrene maintains crystallinity in the toner. If there is no endothermic peak or shoulder derived from polyester A in the DSC measurement of the toner, it indicates that polyester A, which is a crystalline resin, is completely compatible with the binder resin. In that case, polyester A, which is a low Tg component, does not crystallize and exists in the toner, so that the durability and heat resistance are remarkably inferior.

  The polymerizable monomer composition needs to contain polyester A in the polymerizable monomer composition in a proportion of 3% by mass to 40% by mass. When the content is less than 3% by mass, the content of polyester A is too small and low temperature fixability is difficult to obtain. On the other hand, if it is more than 40% by mass, the effect of the increase in viscosity due to the addition of the resin appears, so that the granulation property deteriorates. A preferable addition amount is 5% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less.

  The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polyester A is preferably 3000 or more and 25000 or less. When the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is smaller than 3000, the mechanical stress resistance is lowered, and thus durability tends to be hardly obtained. In addition, low molecular components tend to move, so heat resistance tends to be poor. When it is larger than 25000, the increase in the viscosity of the polymerizable monomer composition due to the resin tends to increase and the granulation property tends to deteriorate. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polyester A is more preferably 5000 or more and 22000 or less. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of polyester A can be controlled by polymerization temperature, polymerization time, catalyst amount, and the like.

The SP value of polyester A is preferably 9.25 or more and 10.15 or less, and more preferably 9.30 or more and 10.00 or less. Within this range, the low-temperature fixability and durability are excellent.
The SP value can be controlled by the type and amount of monomer added. In order to increase the SP value, for example, a monomer having a large SP value may be added. On the other hand, in order to reduce the SP value, for example, a monomer having a small SP value may be added.

  Polyester A is preferably a linear polyester, and is preferably an aliphatic polyester. Monomers for producing polyester A include α, ω-linear aliphatic diols having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, and α, ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or Preferred examples include α, ω-linear aliphatic monohydroxymonocarboxylic acids having 2 to 24 carbon atoms, or lactones or alkyl esters thereof (preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). These monomers may be used in combination. In order for the polyester A to be an aliphatic polyester, it is preferable that the polyester A is mainly produced from the above monomers. “Mainly produced from the monomer” means that 70 mol% or more, preferably 80 mol% or more, particularly preferably 95 mol% or more of the raw material of polyester A is the monomer. To do.

  The α, ω-linear aliphatic diol having 2 to 24 carbon atoms includes ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7- Heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,13-tridecanediol, 1,14- Tetradecanediol, 1,15-pentadecanediol, 1,16-hexadecanediol, 1,17-heptadecanediol, 1,18-octadecanediol, 1,19-nonadecanediol, 1,20-icosanediol, 1, 21-henicosanediol and 1,22-docosandiol.

  The α, ω-linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 24 carbon atoms is succinic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,9- Nonanedicarboxylic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, 1,11-undecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,13-tridecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,15-pentadecane Dicarboxylic acid, 1,16-hexadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,17-heptadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,18-octadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,19-nonadecanedicarboxylic acid, 1,20-icosanedicarboxylic acid, 1,21- Henicosane dicarboxylic acid, 1,2-docosane dicarboxylic acid.

The α, ω-linear aliphatic monohydroxymonocarboxylic acid having 2 to 24 carbon atoms is hydroxyacetic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, 5-hydroxypentanoic acid, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, 7-hydroxyheptanoic acid, 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 9-hydroxynonanoic acid, 10-hydroxydecanoic acid, 11-hydroxyundecanoic acid, 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid, 13-hydroxytridecanoic acid, 14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, 15 -Hydroxypentadecanoic acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, 17-hydroxyheptadecanoic acid, 18-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, 19-hydroxynonadecanoic acid, 20-hydroxyicosanoic acid, 21-hydroxyhenicosanoic acid, 22-hydroxydoco Sanic acid, 23- Hydroxytricosanoic acid.
As the lactone, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone, ε-caprolactone, 7-heptanolide, 8-octanolide, 9-nonanolide, 10-decanolide, 11-undecanolide, 12-dodecanolide, 13-tridecanolide, 14-tetradecanolide, 15 -Pentadecanolide, 16-hexadecanolide, 17-heptadecanolide, 18-octadecanolide, 19-nonadecanolide and the like.
When a lactone is used, a polyester having a functional group at one end can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization using a monoalcohol as an initiator. Preferred examples of the monoalcohol include monoalcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as ethanol, 1-decanol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol.

You may make it react except the said monomer in the range which does not impair the objective of this invention. For example, aromatic dicarboxylic acid, branched aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid, aromatic diol, branched aliphatic diol, cycloaliphatic diol and the like can be mentioned.
Specifically, examples of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid. Examples of the branched aliphatic dicarboxylic acid include dimethylmalonic acid, isopropylmalonic acid, diethylmalonic acid, 1-methylbutylmalonic acid, dipropylmalonic acid, diisobutylmalonic acid and the like.
Examples of the cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid include 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and 1,3-adamantanedicarboxylic acid.
Examples of the aromatic diol include a polyoxypropylene adduct of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and a polyoxyethylene adduct of 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane.
Examples of the branched aliphatic diol include 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, pinacol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-docosanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol and the like can be mentioned.
Examples of the cycloaliphatic diol include 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) propane, and the like.

Polyester A is modified with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of styrene (preferably a hydroxyl group) of a polyester (preferably a polyester using the above monomer). Modified with a functional group).
Examples of the modification method include modification by a Schotten-Baumann reaction using acid chromoid and a urethane reaction using isocyanate.
Specific examples of the compound having a polymerizable functional group include acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride, p-styrene sulfonic acid chloride, 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate, and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate.
The compound having a polymerizable functional group is preferably reacted in an amount of 0.7 mol equivalent to 2.0 mol equivalent and more preferably 0.9 mol equivalent to 1.5 mol equivalent with respect to the polyester.
The polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with the vinyl group of styrene is preferably a functional group having a C═C bond. Specifically, it is a functional group containing a vinyl group, an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group. For example, a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a p-styrenesulfonic acid group, a 2-acryloyloxyethyl group, a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl group, and the like are preferable.

A polymerizable monomer other than styrene may be used in combination with the polymerizable monomer composition. Among the polymerizable monomers, 60% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less is preferably styrene.
Preferred examples of the polymerizable monomer include α-methylstyrene, β-methylstyrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, and pn-butylstyrene. , P-tert-butyl styrene, pn-hexyl styrene, pn-octyl styrene, pn-nonyl styrene, pn-decyl styrene, pn-dodecyl styrene, p-methoxy styrene, p- Styrene derivatives such as phenylstyrene; methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, iso-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl accelerator Acrylic polymer such as n-octyl acrylate, n-nonyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, dimethyl phosphate ethyl acrylate, diethyl phosphate ethyl acrylate, dibutyl phosphate ethyl acrylate, 2-benzoyloxyethyl acrylate Mers; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, iso-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, iso-butyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, n-hexyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-nonyl methacrylate, diethyl phosphate ethyl ester Methacrylic polymerizable monomers such as acrylate and dibutyl phosphate ethyl methacrylate; Vinyl esters such as methylene aliphatic monocarboxylic acid ester, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl formate; Vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether and vinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone, vinyl hexyl ketone and vinyl isopropyl ketone; diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate , Polyethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol Diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, 2,2'-bis (4- (acryloxydiethoxy) phenyl) propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene Glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2,2'-bis (4- (methacryloxydiethoxy) phenyl) propane, 2,2′-bis (4- (methacryloxy) Cypolyethoxy) phenyl) propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, divinyl ether, 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl, and the like.

In the case of a polymerization method using an aqueous medium such as a suspension polymerization method, it is preferable to add a polar resin to the polymerizable monomer composition. By adding a polar resin, it is possible to promote the inclusion of wax.
When a polar resin is present in the polymerizable monomer composition suspended in the aqueous medium, the polar resin is located near the interface between the aqueous medium and the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition due to the difference in affinity for water. Since the migration is easy, the polar resin is unevenly distributed on the surface of the toner particles. As a result, the toner particles have a core-shell structure.
In addition, if a resin having a high melting temperature is selected as the polar resin used for the shell, blocking may occur during storage of the toner even when the binder resin is designed to melt at a lower temperature for the purpose of fixing at low temperature. Can be suppressed.

As the polar resin, a polyester resin or a carboxyl-containing styrene resin is preferable. By using a polyester resin or a carboxyl-containing styrene resin as the polar resin, when the resin is unevenly distributed on the surface of the toner particles to form a shell, the lubricity of the resin itself can be expected.
As the polyester-based resin, a resin obtained by condensation polymerization of the following acid component monomer and alcohol component monomer can be used. Acid monomers include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, camphor Examples thereof include those selected from acids, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, and trimellitic acid.
Examples of alcohol component monomers include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, and 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl). ) Those selected from alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols of cyclohexane, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol, ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol Can be mentioned.
As the carboxyl group-containing styrene-based resin, styrene-based acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-based methacrylic acid copolymer, styrene-based maleic acid copolymer and the like are preferable, and styrene-acrylic acid ester-acrylic acid copolymer is particularly preferable. A polymer is preferable because the charge amount can be easily controlled. The carboxyl group-containing styrenic resin more preferably contains a monomer having a primary or secondary hydroxyl group. Specific polymer compositions include styrene-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-n-butyl acrylate-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer. And styrene-α-methylstyrene-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer. A resin containing a monomer having a primary or secondary hydroxyl group has a large polarity, and the long-term storage stability becomes better.
The addition amount of the polar resin is preferably 1.0 part by mass or more and 20.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 2.0 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer. It is.

The toner according to the present invention may contain a wax, and a known wax component can be used. Specifically, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, petroleum wax represented by petrolactam and derivatives thereof, montan wax and derivatives thereof, hydrocarbon wax and derivatives thereof by Fischer-Tropsch method, polyolefin wax represented by polyethylene and Examples thereof include natural waxes represented by derivatives thereof, carnauba wax, and candelilla wax, and derivatives thereof. Derivatives include oxides, block copolymers with vinyl monomers, and graft modified products. Further, alcohols such as higher aliphatic alcohols; fatty acids such as stearic acid and palmitic acid or compounds thereof; acid amides, esters, ketones, hydrogenated castor oil and derivatives thereof, vegetable waxes, and animal waxes. These can be used alone or in combination.
Among these, when a polyolefin, a hydrocarbon wax by a Fischer-Tropsch method, or a petroleum wax is used, the developability and transferability tend to be improved, which is preferable. These wax components may be added with an antioxidant within a range that does not affect the chargeability of the toner. Further, these wax components are preferably used in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer.
The melting point of the wax component used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 30 ° C. to 120 ° C., more preferably in the range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C.
By using the wax component exhibiting the thermal characteristics as described above, the releasing effect is efficiently expressed and a sufficient fixing region is secured.

The toner according to the present invention may contain a colorant, and examples of the colorant include the following organic pigments, organic dyes, and inorganic pigments.
Examples of cyan colorants include copper phthalocyanine compounds and derivatives thereof, anthraquinone compounds, and basic dye lake compounds. Specific examples include the following. C. I. Pigment blue 1, C.I. I. Pigment blue 7, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 1, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 2, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 3, C.I. I. Pigment blue 15: 4, C.I. I. Pigment blue 60, C.I. I. Pigment blue 62 and C.I. I. Pigment blue.
Examples of the magenta colorant include the following. Condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinones, quinacridone compounds, basic dye lake compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, thioindigo compounds, and perylene compounds. Specific examples include the following. C. I. Pigment red 2, C.I. I. Pigment red 3, C.I. I. Pigment red 5, C.I. I. Pigment red 6, C.I. I. Pigment red 7, C.I. I. Pigment violet 19, C.I. I. Pigment red 23, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 2, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 3, C.I. I. Pigment red 48: 4, C.I. I. Pigment red 57: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 81: 1, C.I. I. Pigment red 122, C.I. I. Pigment red 144, C.I. I. Pigment red 146, C.I. I. Pigment red 150, C.I. I. Pigment red 166, C.I. I. Pigment red 169, C.I. I. Pigment red 177, C.I. I. Pigment red 184, C.I. I. Pigment red 185, C.I. I. Pigment red 202, C.I. I. Pigment red 206, C.I. I. Pigment red 220, C.I. I. Pigment red 221, and C.I. I. Pigment Red 254.

Examples of yellow colorants include condensed azo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, azo metal complexes, methine compounds, and allylamide compounds. Specific examples include the following. C. I. Pigment yellow 12, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 13, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 14, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 15, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 17, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 62, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 74, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 83, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 93, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 94, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 95, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 97, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 109, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 110, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 111, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 120, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 127, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 128, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 129, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 147, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 151, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 154, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 155, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 168, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 174, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 175, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 176, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 180, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 181, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 185, C.I. I. Pigment yellow 191, and C.I. I. Pigment Yellow 194.
Examples of the black colorant include carbon black and those that have been toned in black using the yellow colorant, magenta colorant, and cyan colorant.
These colorants can be used alone or in combination, and further in a solid solution state. The colorant used in the present invention is selected from the viewpoints of hue angle, saturation, brightness, light resistance, OHP transparency, and dispersibility in toner particles.
The colorant is preferably used in an amount of 1.0 to 20.0 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer.

When toner particles are obtained using the suspension polymerization method, it is preferable to consider the polymerization inhibitory property and water phase transfer property of the colorant. Therefore, it is preferable to use a colorant that has been subjected to a hydrophobic treatment with a substance that does not inhibit polymerization. A preferred method for hydrophobizing the dye includes a method in which a polymerizable monomer is previously polymerized in the presence of these dyes to obtain a colored polymer, and the obtained colored polymer is used as a polymerizable monomer. Add to composition.
Moreover, about carbon black, you may process with the substance (polyorganosiloxane) which reacts with the surface functional group of carbon black other than the hydrophobization process similar to the said dye.

Moreover, you may use a charge control agent as needed. As the charge control agent, known ones can be used, and in particular, a charge control agent that has a high frictional charging speed and can stably maintain a constant triboelectric charge amount is preferable. Further, when the toner particles are produced by a suspension polymerization method, a charge control agent having a low polymerization inhibition property and substantially free from a solubilized product in an aqueous medium is particularly preferable.
As the charge control agent, there are one that controls the toner to negative charge and one that controls the toner to positive charge. Examples of toners that are negatively charged include monoazo metal compounds, acetylacetone metal compounds, aromatic oxycarboxylic acids, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, oxycarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acid-based metal compounds, aromatic oxycarboxylic acids, aromatics Mono and polycarboxylic acids and metal salts thereof, anhydrides, esters, phenol derivatives such as bisphenol, urea derivatives, metal-containing salicylic acid compounds, metal-containing naphthoic acid compounds, boron compounds, quaternary ammonium salts, calixarene And charge control resin.

Examples of the charge control agent for controlling the toner to be positively charged include the following. Guanidine compounds; imidazole compounds; quaternary ammonium salts such as tributylbenzylammonium-1-hydroxy-4-naphthosulfonate, tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and analogs such as onium salts such as phosphonium salts and These lake pigments; triphenylmethane dyes and these lake pigments (as rake agents, phosphotungstic acid, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungsten molybdic acid, tannic acid, lauric acid, gallic acid, ferricyanide, Russian compounds); metal salts of higher fatty acids; charge control resins.
These charge control agents may be added alone or in combination of two or more.
Among these charge control agents, metal-containing salicylic acid compounds are preferable, and those in which the metal is aluminum or zirconium are particularly preferable.
The addition amount of the charge control agent is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 20.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 10.10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer. 0 parts by mass or less.
The charge control resin is preferably a polymer or copolymer having a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, or a sulfonic acid ester group. The polymer having a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonic acid group or a sulfonic acid ester group preferably contains a sulfonic acid group-containing acrylamide monomer or a sulfonic acid group-containing methacrylamide monomer in a copolymerization ratio of 2% by mass or more. More preferably, the content is 5% by mass or more. The charge control resin has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 35 to 90 ° C., a peak molecular weight (Mp) of 10,000 to 30,000, and a weight average molecular weight (Mn) of 25,000 to 50,000. It is preferable. When this is used, preferable triboelectric charging characteristics can be imparted without affecting the thermal characteristics required of the toner particles. Furthermore, since the charge control resin contains a sulfonic acid group, the dispersibility of the charge control resin itself in the dispersion of the colorant, and the dispersibility of the colorant are improved, and the coloring power, transparency, and The triboelectric charging characteristics can be further improved.

In order to polymerize the polymerizable monomer, a polymerization initiator may be used. Examples of the polymerization initiator that can be used in the present invention include organic peroxide initiators and azo polymerization initiators. Examples of the organic peroxide initiator include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, di-α-cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis (benzoylperoxy) hexane, bis (4-t- Butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclododecane, t-butylperoxymaleic acid, bis (t-butylperoxy) isophthalate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, tert-butylperoxide Examples thereof include oxy-2-ethylhexanoate, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, cumene hydroperoxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, and tert-butyl-peroxypivalate.
As the azo polymerization initiator, 2,2′-azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile) ), 2,2′-azobis-4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile, azobismethylbutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis- (methyl isobutyrate), and the like.

A redox initiator in which an oxidizing substance and a reducing substance are combined can also be used as the polymerization initiator. Examples of the oxidizing substance include hydrogen peroxide, inorganic peroxides of persulfates (sodium salts, potassium salts, and ammonium salts), and oxidizing metal salts of tetravalent cerium salts. Reducing substances include reducing metal salts (divalent iron salts, monovalent copper salts, and trivalent chromium salts), ammonia, lower amines (about 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methylamine and ethylamine). Amines), amino compounds such as hydroxylamine, sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium sulfite, and reducing sulfur compounds of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, lower alcohols (1-6 carbon atoms) , Ascorbic acid or a salt thereof, and lower aldehyde (having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
The polymerization initiator is selected with reference to the 10-hour half-life temperature, and is used alone or in combination. The addition amount of the polymerization initiator varies depending on the target degree of polymerization, but generally 0.5 parts by mass or more and 20.0 parts by mass or less are added with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer. The
The polymerization initiator may be added at the same time when other additives are added to the polymerizable monomer, or may be mixed immediately before being suspended in the aqueous medium. Further, immediately after granulation, a polymerization initiator dissolved in a polymerizable monomer or solvent may be added before starting the polymerization reaction.

In order to control the degree of polymerization, a known chain transfer agent and a polymerization inhibitor may be further added.
Various crosslinking agents can also be used when polymerizing a polymerizable monomer. Examples of crosslinking agents include divinylbenzene, 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl, ethylene glycol diacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and trimethylol. A polyfunctional compound such as propanetrimethacrylate may be mentioned.

As the dispersion stabilizer used when preparing the aqueous medium, a known inorganic compound dispersion stabilizer and organic compound dispersion stabilizer can be used. As dispersion stabilizers for inorganic compounds, tricalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, zinc phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium metasilicate, calcium sulfate , Barium sulfate, bentonite, silica, and alumina. On the other hand, examples of the organic compound dispersion stabilizer include polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, methylcellulose, methylhydroxypropylcellulose, ethylcellulose, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid and salts thereof, and starch. The amount of the dispersion stabilizer used is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and 20.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer.
Among these dispersion stabilizers, when a dispersion stabilizer of an inorganic compound is used, a commercially available product may be used as it is. However, in order to obtain a dispersion stabilizer having a finer particle size, the inorganic compound is used in an aqueous medium. It may be generated. For example, tricalcium phosphate can be obtained by mixing an aqueous sodium phosphate solution and an aqueous calcium chloride solution with high stirring.

An external additive may be externally added to the toner particles in order to impart various properties to the toner. Examples of the external additive for improving the fluidity of the toner include silica fine powder, titanium oxide fine powder, and inorganic fine powder such as double oxide fine powder thereof. Of the inorganic fine powders, silica fine powder and titanium oxide fine powder are preferable.
Examples of the silica fine powder include dry silica or fumed silica produced by vapor phase oxidation of silicon halide, and wet silica produced from water glass. As the inorganic fine powder, dry silica having less silanol groups on the surface and inside of the silica fine powder, and less Na ₂ O or SO ₃ ²⁻ is preferable. The dry silica may be a composite fine powder of silica and another metal oxide by using a metal halogen compound such as aluminum chloride or titanium chloride together with a silicon halogen compound in the production process.

By subjecting the surface of the inorganic fine powder to a hydrophobic treatment with a treating agent, adjustment of the triboelectric charge amount of the toner, improvement of environmental stability, and improvement of fluidity under high temperature and high humidity can be achieved. Therefore, it is preferable to use a hydrophobized inorganic fine powder. When the inorganic fine powder externally added to the toner absorbs moisture, the triboelectric charge amount and fluidity of the toner are lowered, and the developability and transferability are easily lowered.
As the treatment agent for hydrophobizing inorganic fine powder, unmodified silicone varnish, various modified silicone varnishes, unmodified silicone oil, various modified silicone oils, silane compounds, silane coupling agents, other organosilicon compounds, And an organic titanium compound is mentioned. Among these, silicone oil is preferable. These treatment agents may be used alone or in combination.
The total amount of the inorganic fine powder added is preferably 1.0 part by mass or more and 5.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1.0 part by mass or more and 2.5 parts by mass with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the toner particles. Or less. The external additive preferably has a particle size of 1/10 or less of the average particle size of the toner particles from the viewpoint of the durability of the toner.

Hereinafter, the measurement method of various physical properties according to the present invention will be described.
<Measuring method of weight average particle diameter (D4) and number average particle diameter (D1)>
The weight average particle diameter (D4) and number average particle diameter (D1) of the toner are calculated as follows. As a measuring device, a precise particle size distribution measuring device “Coulter Counter Multisizer 3” (registered trademark, manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) using a pore electrical resistance method equipped with a 100 μm aperture tube is used. For setting the measurement conditions and analyzing the measurement data, the attached dedicated software “Beckman Coulter Multisizer 3 Version 3.51” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) is used. Note that the measurement is performed with 25,000 effective measurement channels.
As the electrolytic aqueous solution used for the measurement, a solution obtained by dissolving special grade sodium chloride in ion-exchanged water so as to have a concentration of 1% by mass, for example, “ISOTON II” (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) can be used.
Prior to measurement and analysis, dedicated software was set up as follows.
On the “Change Standard Measurement Method (SOM)” screen of the dedicated software, set the total count in the control mode to 50000 particles, set the number of measurements once, and set the Kd value to “standard particles 10.0 μm” (Beckman Coulter, Inc.) Set the value obtained using By pressing the “Threshold / Noise Level Measurement Button”, the threshold and noise level are automatically set. In addition, the current is set to 1600 μA, the gain is set to 2, the electrolyte is set to ISOTON II, and the “aperture tube flush after measurement” is checked.
In the “Pulse to particle size conversion setting” screen of the dedicated software, the bin interval is set to logarithmic particle size, the particle size bin is set to 256 particle size bin, and the particle size range is set to 2 μm to 60 μm.
The specific measurement method is as follows.

(1) In a glass 250 ml round bottom beaker for exclusive use of Multisizer 3, 200 ml of the electrolytic aqueous solution is placed and set on a sample stand, and the stirrer rod is stirred counterclockwise at 24 rpm. Then, the dirt and bubbles in the aperture tube are removed by the “aperture flush” function of the dedicated software.
(2) Put 30 ml of the aqueous electrolytic solution into a glass 100 ml flat bottom beaker. In this, "Contaminone N" (nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, 10% by weight aqueous solution of neutral detergent for pH7 precision measuring instrument cleaning, made by organic builder, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. 0.3 ml of a diluted solution obtained by diluting 3) with ion-exchanged water.
(3) Two oscillators with an oscillation frequency of 50 kHz are incorporated with the phase shifted by 180 degrees, and an ultrasonic disperser “Ultrasonic Dispersion System Tetora 150” (manufactured by Nikka Ki Bios) having an electrical output of 120 W is prepared. A predetermined amount of ion-exchanged water is placed in a water tank of an ultrasonic dispersing device, and 2 ml of the above-mentioned Contaminone N is added to this water tank. (4) The beaker of (2) is set in the beaker fixing hole of the ultrasonic disperser, and the ultrasonic disperser is operated. And the height position of a beaker is adjusted so that the resonance state of the liquid level of the electrolyte solution in a beaker may become the maximum.
(5) In a state where the electrolytic aqueous solution in the beaker of (4) is irradiated with ultrasonic waves, 10 mg of toner is added to the electrolytic aqueous solution little by little and dispersed. Then, the ultrasonic dispersion process is continued for another 60 seconds. In ultrasonic dispersion, the temperature of the water tank is appropriately adjusted so as to be 10 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower.
(6) To the round bottom beaker (1) installed in the sample stand, the electrolyte aqueous solution (5) in which the toner is dispersed is dropped using a pipette, and the measurement concentration is adjusted to 5%. The measurement is performed until the number of measured particles reaches 50,000.
(7) The measurement data is analyzed with the dedicated software attached to the apparatus, and the weight average particle diameter (D4) and the number average particle diameter (D1) are calculated. When the graph / volume% is set with the dedicated software, the “average diameter” on the “Analysis / volume statistics (arithmetic average)” screen is the weight average particle diameter (D4), and the graph / number% with the dedicated software. The “average diameter” on the “analysis / number statistics (arithmetic mean)” screen is the number average particle diameter (D1).

<SP value calculation method>
The SP value in the present invention was determined using the Fedors equation (3). The values of Δei and Δvi here are the “Basic Science of Coating”, pages 54 to 57, and the evaporation energy and molar volume (25 ° C.) of atoms and atomic groups according to Tables 3 to 9 in 1986 (Tsubaki Shoten). I referred to it.

δi = [Ev / V] ^1/2 = [Δei / Δvi] ^1/2 formula (3)

Ev: Evaporation energy V: Molar volume Δei: Evaporation energy of atom or atomic group of i component Δvi: Molar volume of atom or atomic group of i component

For example, hexanediol is composed of atomic groups (—OH) × 2 + (— CH ₂ ) × 6, and the calculated SP value is determined by the following formula.
δi = [Δei / Δvi] ^1/2 = [{(5220) × 2 + (1180) × 6} / {(13) × 2 + (16.1) × 6}] ^1/2
The SP value (δi) is 11.95.

<Measurement method of molecular weight>
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) and number average molecular weight (Mn) of polyester A are measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) as follows.
First, polyester A is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature. The obtained solution is filtered through a solvent-resistant membrane filter “Maescho Disc” (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) having a pore diameter of 0.2 μm to obtain a sample solution. The sample solution is adjusted so that the concentration of the component soluble in THF is 0.8% by mass. Using this sample solution, measurement is performed under the following conditions.
Equipment: High-speed GPC equipment “HLC-8220GPC” [manufactured by Tosoh Corporation]
Column: LF-604 double eluent: THF
Flow rate: 0.6 ml / min
Oven temperature: 40 ° C
Sample injection amount: 0.020 ml
In calculating the molecular weight of the sample, standard polystyrene resin (for example, trade name “TSK Standard Polystyrene F-850, F-450, F-288, F-128, F-80, F-40, F-20, F— 10, F-4, F-2, F-1, A-5000, A-25
00, A-1000, A-500 ", manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) is used.

<Measurement method of the number of polymerizable functional groups>
The number of polymerizable functional groups of polyester A is determined using the number average molecular weight (Mn) determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the molecular weight (M_NMR) determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( ¹ H-NMR). It was.

The measurement conditions of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( ¹ H-NMR) [400 MHz, CDCl ₃ , room temperature (25 ° C.)]
Measuring apparatus: FT NMR apparatus JNM-EX400 (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.)
Measurement frequency: 400MHz
Pulse condition: 5.0μs
Frequency range: 10500Hz
Accumulation count: 64 times From the integral value of the obtained spectrum, the composition ratio of the polyester monomer to be composed per one polymerizable functional group is obtained. From the composition ratio and molecular weight of the polyester monomer, the NMR molecular weight (M_NMR) based on the polymerizable functional group can be calculated.
Furthermore, from the number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained from gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and the NMR molecular weight (M_NMR) obtained from the NMR, the number of polymerizable functional groups per polyester molecule can be calculated by the following formula. it can.

Number of polymerizable functional groups = GPC number average molecular weight (Mn) / NMR molecular weight (M_NMR)

<Measuring method of melting point>
The melting point (Tm) of the polyester A is measured according to ASTM D3418-82 using a differential scanning calorimeter “Q1000” (manufactured by TA Instruments).
The temperature correction of the device detection unit uses the melting points of indium and zinc, and the correction of heat uses the heat of fusion of indium.
Specifically, 3 mg of polyester A is precisely weighed, placed in an aluminum pan, an empty aluminum pan is used as a reference, and a temperature increase rate is 10 ° C. within a measurement temperature range of 30 to 200 ° C. Measure at / min. In the measurement, the temperature is once raised to 200 ° C., subsequently lowered to 30 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and then heated again. The maximum endothermic peak of the DSC curve in the temperature range of 30 to 200 ° C. in the second temperature raising process is defined as the melting point (Tm) in the DSC measurement of the polyester A of the present invention.

<Measurement of endothermic peak or shoulder derived from polyester A in toner>
The endothermic peak or shoulder derived from polyester A in the toner is measured by ASTM using a differential scanning calorimeter “Q1000” (manufactured by TA Instruments).
Measured according to D3418-82.
The temperature correction of the device detection unit uses the melting points of indium and zinc, and the correction of heat uses the heat of fusion of indium.
Specifically, 3 mg of toner is precisely weighed, placed in an aluminum pan, an empty aluminum pan is used as a reference, and the temperature rising rate is 10 ° C. within a measurement temperature range of 30 to 200 ° C. Measure at / min. In the measurement, the temperature is once raised to 200 ° C., subsequently lowered to 30 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and then heated again. The endothermic peak derived from the polyester A is determined from the DSC curve in the temperature range of 30 to 200 ° C. in the second temperature raising process. When the melting point of polyester A is close to other components such as wax, endothermic peaks may be observed as overlapping shoulders.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited by the following examples. In addition, all the parts and% of an Example and a comparative example are mass references | standards unless there is particular notice.

<Production of polyester A-1>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen introduction tube, dehydration tube, and decompression device, 100.0 parts by mass of 12-dodecanolide as a monomer, 3.5 parts of stearyl alcohol as an initiator, esterification catalyst As a result, 0.9 parts by mass of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added and reacted at 160 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, it was made to react at 180 degreeC for 4 hours, and also it was made to react until it became a desired molecular weight at 180 degreeC and 1 hPa, and polyester (1) was obtained.
Next, 100.0 parts by mass of dehydrated chloroform was added to 100.0 parts by mass of polyester (1) in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, and then completely dissolved, and then triethylamine 3 0.0 part by mass was added, and 1.9 parts by mass of acryloyl chloride was gradually added while cooling with ice. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for a whole day and night.
After reprecipitation with 300.0 parts by mass of methanol, filtration and drying were performed to obtain polyester A-1. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyester A-1.

<Production of polyester A-2>
As shown in Table 1, after 100.0 parts by mass of tetrahydrofuran was added to 100.0 parts by mass of the polyester (1) obtained in the production of polyester A-1, the temperature was raised to 40 ° C. and completely dissolved. Instead of acryloyl chloride, 2.7 parts by mass of 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate was gradually added. Then, it stirred at 40 degreeC for 5 hours. Thereafter, THF was removed at 1 hPa, transferred from the reaction vessel to a vat, and cooled and coarsely crushed to obtain polyester A-2. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyester A-2.

<Production of polyester A-3>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen introduction tube, dehydration tube, and decompression device, 100.0 parts by mass of sebacic acid, 93.5 parts of 1,10-decanediol, and esterification catalyst as monomers As a result, 0.8 parts by mass of titanium (IV) isopropoxide was added and reacted at 160 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, it was made to react at 180 degreeC for 4 hours, and also it was made to react until it became a desired molecular weight at 180 degreeC and 1 hPa, and polyester (2) was obtained.
Next, 200.0 parts by mass of dehydrated chloroform was added to 100.0 parts by mass of polyester (2) in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction tube, and then completely dissolved, and then triethylamine 4 .2 parts by mass was added, and 4.9 parts by mass of p-styrenesulfonic acid chloride was gradually added while cooling with ice. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25 ° C.) for a whole day and night.
After reprecipitation with 300.0 parts by mass of methanol, filtration and drying were performed to obtain polyester A-3. Table 3 shows the physical properties of Polyester A-3 obtained.

<Manufacture of polyester A-4 and 6>
As shown in Table 2, polyesters A-4 and 6 were obtained in the same manner as in the production method of polyester A-3 except that the addition amount of p-styrenesulfonic acid chloride was changed. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyesters A-4 and 6.

<Manufacture of polyester A-5 and 7-16>
Except changing to the raw material as shown in Table 1, polyester A-5 and 7-16 were obtained like the manufacturing method of polyester A-1 or polyester A-2. Table 3 shows the physical properties of the obtained polyester A-5 and 7-16.

<Production of polyester A-17>
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, nitrogen introduction tube, dehydration tube, and decompression device, 100.0 parts by mass of sebacic acid, 98.8 parts of 1,10-decanediol, and fumaric acid as monomers 3.8 parts by mass and 0.7 parts by mass of titanium (IV) isopropoxide as an esterification catalyst were added and reacted at 160 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, it was made to react at 200 degreeC for 1 hour, and also it was made to react until it became a desired molecular weight at 200 degreeC and 1 hPa, and polyester A-17 was obtained. Table 3 shows the physical properties of Polyester A-17 obtained.

表中、「官能基数」は、ポリエステルＡに含まれるポリエステル分子１つ当たりの、スチレンのビニル基と重合反応可能な重合性官能基の数を表す。

In the table, “number of functional groups” represents the number of polymerizable functional groups capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with the vinyl group of styrene per polyester molecule contained in polyester A.

<Manufacture of toner 1>
To 1300.0 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water heated to 60 ° C., 9.0 parts by mass of tricalcium phosphate is added, and the stirring speed is 15,000 rpm using a TK homomixer (made by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). To prepare an aqueous medium.
Further, the following materials were mixed with a propeller type stirring device at a stirring speed of 100 rpm to prepare a mixed solution.
-Styrene 56.5 parts by mass-n-butyl acrylate 19.0 parts by mass-Polyester A-1 24.5 parts by mass

Next, into the above mixture,
Cyan colorant (CI Pigment Blue 15: 3) 6.5 parts by mass Negative charge control agent (Bontron E-88, manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.7 parts by mass Hydrocarbon wax (Tm = 78 ° C. ) 9.0 parts by mass / negative charge control resin 1 1.0 part by mass (styrene / 2-ethylhexyl acrylate / 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid copolymer, acid value 14.5 mgKOH / g, Tg = 83 ° C., Mw = 33,000)
-5.0 parts by weight of polar resin (styrene / 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid / methyl methacrylate copolymer, acid value 10 mgKOH / g, Tg = 80 ° C., Mw = 15,000)
After that, the mixture was heated to a temperature of 65 ° C., then stirred with a TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) at a stirring speed of 10,000 rpm, dissolved and dispersed, and a polymerizable monomer. The composition was adjusted.

Subsequently, the polymerizable monomer composition is charged into the aqueous medium, and 6.0 parts by mass of perbutyl PV (10-hour half-life temperature 54.6 ° C. (manufactured by NOF Corporation)) is added as a polymerization initiator. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 12,000 rpm using a TK homomixer at a temperature of 70 ° C. and granulated.
While being transferred to a propeller type stirring device and stirring at a stirring speed of 200 rpm, the polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable monomer composition, styrene, polyester A-1 and n-butyl acrylate, was stirred at a temperature of 85 ° C. for 5 hours. A slurry containing toner particles was produced by polymerization reaction. After completion of the polymerization reaction, the slurry was cooled. Hydrochloric acid was added to the cooled slurry to adjust the pH to 1.4, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour to dissolve the calcium phosphate salt. Thereafter, the slurry was washed with an amount of water 10 times that of the slurry, filtered and dried, and then the particle size was adjusted by classification to obtain toner particles.
Hydrophobic silica fine powder (primary particle diameter: 7 nm, BET specific surface area) treated with 20% by mass of dimethyl silicone oil as an external additive with respect to 100.0 parts by mass of the toner particles. : 130 m ^{2 /} g) 1.5 parts by mass was mixed with a Henschel mixer (manufactured by Mitsui Miike) at a stirring speed of 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain toner 1. Table 4 shows the physical properties of Toner 1.

<Manufacture of toners 2 to 21>
Toners 2 to 21 were obtained by the same production method as that of toner 1 except that the changes were made as shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows the physical properties of Toners 2 to 21.

[Granulation]
The value of the ratio (D4 / D1) of the weight average particle diameter (D4) and the number average particle diameter (D1) of “Coulter Counter Multisizer 3” was evaluated as an index of granulation properties. In the present invention, C or higher is an acceptable level.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: D4 / D1 is less than 1.20 B: D4 / D1 is 1.20 or more and less than 1.25 C: D4 / D1 is 1.25 or more and less than 1.35 D: D4 / D1 is 1.35 or more

<Image evaluation>
The image evaluation was performed by partially modifying a commercially available color laser printer [HP Color LaserJet 3525dn]. The modification has been improved so that it can be operated with only one color process cartridge. In addition, the fuser was modified so that it could be changed to any temperature.
Remove the toner contained in the black toner process cartridge installed in this color laser printer, clean the inside with air blow, introduce each toner (300 g) into the process cartridge, and refill the toner The process cartridge was mounted on a color laser printer, and the following image evaluation was performed. Specific image evaluation items are as follows.

(Low temperature fixability)
A solid image (toner loading: 0.9 mg / cm ² ) was printed on the transfer material at different fixing temperatures and evaluated. The fixing temperature is a value obtained by measuring the surface of the fixing roller using a non-contact thermometer. As the transfer material, LETTER size plain paper (XEROX 4200, manufactured by XEROX, 75 g / m ² ) was used. In the present invention, C or higher is an acceptable level.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: No offset at 100 ° C. B: Offset generated at 100 ° C. C: Offset generated at 110 ° C. D: Offset generated at 120 ° C.

(High temperature fixability)
A solid image (toner loading: 0.9 mg / cm ² ) was printed on the transfer material at different fixing temperatures (190 to 210 ° C.) and evaluated. The fixing temperature is a value obtained by measuring the surface of the fixing roller using a non-contact thermometer. As the transfer material, plain paper (LETTER size XEROX 4200 paper, manufactured by XEROX, 75 g / m ² ) was used. In the present invention, C or higher is an acceptable level.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: No offset at 210 ° C. B: Offset generated at 210 ° C. C: Offset generated at 200 ° C. D: Offset generated at 190 ° C.

〔Heat-resistant〕
5 g of each toner was placed in a 50 cc polycup and allowed to stand for 3 days at a temperature of 55 ° C./humidity of 10% RH. In the present invention, C or higher is an acceptable level.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: No agglomerates are generated B: Minor agglomerates are generated, and they are broken when pressed lightly with a finger C: Agglomerates are generated, and they are not broken even when pressed lightly with a finger D: Completely aggregated

〔gross〕
A solid image (toner loading: 0.6 mg / cm ² ) was printed at a fixing temperature of 170 ° C., and the gloss value of the image was measured using PG-3D (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). As a transfer material, LETTER size plain paper (XEROX 4200 paper, manufactured by XEROX, 75 g / m ² ) was used.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: Gloss value is 30 or more B: Gloss value is 25 or more and less than 30 C: Gloss value is 15 or more and less than 25 D: Gloss value is less than 15

[Development stripe]
Printout of 25,000 images with a horizontal line of 1% printing under normal temperature and humidity (temperature 23 ° C / humidity 60% RH) and high temperature and humidity (temperature 33 ° C / humidity 85% RH) Thereafter, a halftone image (toner loading: 0.6 mg / cm ² ) was printed out on LETTER size XEROX 4200 paper (manufactured by XEROX, 75 g / m ² ), and development streaks were evaluated. In the present invention, C or higher is an acceptable level.
(Evaluation criteria)
A: Not generated B: Development streaks from 1 to 3 places C: Development streaks from 4 to 6 places D: Development streaks from 7 places or width 0.5 mm or more

[Examples 1 to 16]
In Examples 1 to 16, the evaluation was performed using toners 1 to 16, respectively. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[Comparative Examples 1-5]
In Comparative Examples 1 to 5, the above evaluation was performed using toners 17 to 21 as toners, respectively. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

Claims (6)

A polymerizable monomer composition containing styrene and polyester A having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of the styrene is added to the aqueous medium, and the polymerizable monomer is added to the aqueous medium. Forming particles of the composition;
A method for producing a toner comprising a step of copolymerizing the styrene and the polyester A contained in the particles of the polymerizable monomer composition to obtain toner particles,
The polyester A is obtained by modifying the terminal of the polyester with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with a vinyl group of styrene,
The melting point (Tm) of the polyester A is 50 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower,
The polymerizable monomer composition contains 3% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less of the polyester A,
A method for producing a toner, wherein the toner has an endothermic peak or shoulder derived from the polyester A in DSC measurement.   2. The toner production method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the polymerizable functional groups per one polyester molecule contained in the polyester A is 0.7 or more and 1.5 or less.   The toner production according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyester A is obtained by modifying one end of the polyester with a compound having a polymerizable functional group capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction with the vinyl group of the styrene. Method.   The toner production method according to claim 1, wherein the polyester A has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3000 to 25000.   The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the polyester A is an aliphatic polyester, and the SP value of the polyester A is 9.25 or more and 10.15 or less.   The method for producing a toner according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable functional group is a functional group having a C═C bond.