JP2015150596A - joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joining method which can easily flatten joined metal members.SOLUTION: A joining method includes: a preparing process of forming a butting part J by butting end surfaces 1a, 1a on one end sides of a pair of metal members 1, 1; a first final joining process of subjecting the butting part J to friction stirring from a side of front surfaces 1b, 1b of the metal members 1, 1; and a second final joining process of subjecting the butting part J to friction stirring from a side of rear surfaces 1c, 1c of the metal members 1, 1. In the first final joining process, the friction stirring is carried out by using a rotation tool in a state that the metal members 1, 1 are inclined so that the one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1, 1. Burrs generated during the friction stirring are eliminated after an end of the first final joining process, and the metal members 1, 1 are inverted. In the second final joining process, the friction stirring is carried out by using a small rotation tool smaller than the rotation tool.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for joining metal members by friction stirring.

  Friction stir welding (FSW = Friction Stir Welding) is known as a method for joining metal members. Friction stir welding is a method in which the metal members are fixed together by rotating the rotary tool along the abutting portion between the metal members and plastically flowing the metal at the abutting portion by frictional heat between the rotating tool and the metal member. Phase joining is performed.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a rotating tool is inserted into a butt portion formed by abutting end portions of metal members, and the butt portion is friction stir welded from the front side and the back side of the metal members. ing. When friction stir welding is performed, a plasticized region is formed in the movement trajectory of the rotary tool. However, since the plasticized region is thermally contracted, the metal members after bonding are deformed so as to be concave.

JP 2008-290092 A

  When the metal members are turned over after frictional stirring is performed from the surface side of the metal members, the metal members are warped so as to be convex upward. When friction stirring is performed from the back side of the metal members in this state, the contact portion between the shoulder portion of the rotary tool and the metal member becomes large, and there is a problem that the operability of the rotary tool is lowered. In order to solve such a problem, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, a metal member deformed into a concave shape by moving the roll member relative to the metal member while sandwiching the metal member after joining with the roll member. However, the correction work becomes complicated.

  In addition, after the friction stir from the back side of the metal members to the butt portion, the back side of the metal members (the surface side on which the friction stir is performed) is deformed so as to be concave, so the correction work is performed again. There is a problem that it takes a lot of work.

  From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a joining method capable of easily flattening the joined metal members in a joining method of metal members by friction stirring.

  In order to solve such a problem, the present invention performs a preparatory process in which end faces on one end side of a pair of metal members are butted together to form a butted portion, and friction stir is performed from the surface side of the metal member to the butted portion A first main joining step, and a second main joining step in which friction agitation is performed from the back surface side of the metal member to the butt portion. In the first main joining step, the other end side of the metal member In this state, the metal member is tilted so that the one end side is inclined with respect to the surface, and the friction stirrer is performed using the rotary tool. After the first main joining step, the burr generated by the friction stirrer is removed, The metal member is turned over, and in the second main joining step, friction stirring is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool.

  According to this joining method, when the first main joining step is performed, the metal members are inclined in advance, and the joined metal members are flattened by utilizing the heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding. be able to. Thereby, a 2nd main joining process can be performed in the state where metal members are flat. Further, by performing the burr cutting step after the first main joining step, the friction stir can be stably performed in the second main joining step without the metal member rattling. In addition, since the friction stir is performed with the small rotary tool when the second main joining process is performed, occurrence of heat shrinkage after the friction stir welding can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal member after the 2nd main joining process can be made flat easily.

In the preparation step, a spacer is disposed between the gantry and the back surface side of the metal member, and the metal member is inclined so that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the spacer. It is preferable to make it.
Further, a protrusion is provided on the mount on which the metal member is placed, and in the preparation step, the metal member is inclined using the protrusion so that the one end side is higher than the other end side. It is preferable.
In addition, an inclined mounting portion is provided on a gantry on which the metal member is mounted, and in the preparation step, the metal member is configured such that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the inclined mounting portion. It is preferable to incline at least one of these.

  According to such a joining method, the metal member can be easily inclined so that the butt portion becomes high.

  Further, in the second main joining step, it is preferable that the friction stir is performed while the stirring pin of the small rotary tool is inserted into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step.

  According to this joining method, since the joint defect formed in the plasticized region in the first main joining step can be frictionally stirred again in the second main joining step, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be reduced. Can be increased.

  According to the joining method according to the present invention, the joined metal members can be easily flattened.

It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) shows a preparatory process, (b) shows a 1st main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: (a) shows a burr | flash removal process, (b) shows before joining of a 2nd main joining process. It is sectional drawing which shows the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, Comprising: During joining of the 2nd main joining process is shown. (A) shows the 1st modification of a mount, (b) shows the 2nd modification of a mount.

[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. First, the 1st mount used by this embodiment is demonstrated.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 1, in the joining method which concerns on 1st embodiment, 1st mount frame KA is used. The first gantry KA includes a substrate K1 and a clamp K2.

  The substrate K1 is made of metal and has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. A plurality of clamps K2 are provided on the surface of the substrate K1. The clamp K2 is a member that restrains the metal members 1 and 1 from being movable on the substrate K1.

  Next, the joining method according to the first embodiment will be described. As shown to (a) of FIG. 1, in 1st embodiment, the butt | matching part J formed by butting | matching the edge parts of the metal members 1 and 1 is joined by friction stirring. In the bonding method according to the first embodiment, a preparation process, a first main bonding process, a burr cutting process, and a second main bonding process are performed.

  The preparation step is a step of fixing the metal members 1 and 1 to the first gantry KA so that the butt portion J becomes high. In the preparation step, one end side of the metal members 1, 1 is placed on the spacer 10 while the end faces 1 a, 1 a on the one end side of the metal members 1, 1 are abutted to form an abutting portion J. Moreover, the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is fixed with the clamp K2. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined so that the one end side (end faces 1a and 1a side) is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed in a state where the butt portion J is the highest.

  The metal member 1 is a metal plate member. The metal members 1 and 1 have the same shape. Moreover, the metal members 1 and 1 are formed with the same material. The material of the metal member 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a metal that can be frictionally stirred. For example, it may be appropriately selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, and the like.

  The spacer 10 is a plate-like member disposed at the center of the substrate K1. The spacer 10 is disposed along the extending direction of the butted portion J. The material of the spacer 10 is not particularly limited.

  When the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed to the first mount KA, the lower ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are in contact with each other, but the upper ends of the end surfaces 1a and 1a are slightly separated from each other. The “butting portion” according to the present embodiment includes a state in which the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a are butted and the space section formed between the end surfaces 1 a and 1 a has a V shape.

  The inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 is not particularly limited. However, considering the material of the metal members 1 and 1, the dimensions of each part, the heat input amount in the main joining process described later, the heat shrinkage after joining, etc. What is necessary is just to set suitably the inclination | tilt angle that the metal members 1 and 1 become flat according to the thermal contraction after this main joining process.

  The first main joining process is a process in which friction stir welding is performed on the butted portion J from the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1. As shown in FIG. 1B, the first main joining step uses a rotating tool G in the present embodiment. The rotary tool G includes a shoulder portion G1 that has a cylindrical shape, and a stirring pin G2 that protrudes from the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1. The stirring pin G2 has a frustum shape.

  In the first main joining step, the stirring pin G2 of the rotating tool G rotated with respect to the abutting portion J is inserted from the surface 1b, 1b side of the metal member 1,1. Then, the rotary tool G is relatively moved along the abutting portion J.

  In the present embodiment, the lower end surface of the shoulder portion G1 is pushed about several millimeters from the surfaces 1b and 1b to perform frictional stirring. The metal on the end faces 1a, 1a is frictionally stirred by the rotating rotary tool G and the metal members 1, 1 are joined. A plasticized region W1 is formed in the movement locus of the rotary tool G. The insertion depth of the stirring pin G2 with respect to the metal members 1 and 1 may be set as appropriate, but it is preferable to insert the tip of the stirring pin G2 to a position of 3/4 or more in the depth direction of the butted portion J. When the first main joining process is completed, the clamp K2 is released and the metal members 1 and 1 are left. Further, the spacer 10 is removed from the first mount KA.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the burr cutting step is a step of cutting the burr V generated in the first main bonding step. In the burr cutting step, the burrs V generated on the surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1 are cut to flatten the surfaces 1b and 1b.

  The second main joining step is a step in which friction stir welding is performed on the butted portion J from the back surface 1c, 1c side of the metal members 1,1. As shown in FIG. 2B, in the second main joining step, first, the metal members 1 and 1 are turned over, and the metal members 1 and 1 are restrained immovably on the first mount KA via the clamp K2. . The surfaces 1b and 1b of the metal members 1 and 1 are in surface contact with the surface of the substrate K1.

  In the second main joining process, a small rotary tool H is used. The small rotary tool H is smaller than the rotary tool G. The small rotary tool H includes a shoulder portion H1 and a stirring pin H2 protruding from the lower end surface of the shoulder portion H1. The stirring pin H2 has a frustum shape.

  As shown to (a) of FIG. 3, in the 2nd main joining process, the stirring pin H2 of the small rotation tool H rotated with respect to the butt | matching part J from the back surfaces 1c and 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 is inserted. Then, the small rotary tool H is relatively moved along the abutting portion J.

  In the present embodiment, the lower end surface of the shoulder portion H1 of the small rotary tool H is pushed in by about several millimeters from the back surfaces 1c and 1c to perform friction stirring. The metal on the end faces 1a, 1a is frictionally stirred by the rotating small rotating tool H, and the metal members 1, 1 are joined. A plasticized region W2 is formed in the movement locus of the small rotary tool H. The insertion depth of the stirring pin H2 with respect to the metal members 1 and 1 may be set as appropriate, but it is preferably inserted so that the plasticized region W1 and the plasticized region W2 are in contact with each other. More preferably, it is preferable to insert the stirring pin H2 so as to enter the plasticizing region W1 as in this embodiment. The metal members 1 and 1 are joined by the above process.

  According to the bonding method according to the present embodiment described above, when the first main bonding step is performed, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined in advance, and heat shrinkage after friction stir welding is used. The metal members 1 and 1 joined after the first main joining step can be flattened. Thereby, since the metal members 1 and 1 are flat even if the metal members 1 and 1 are turned upside down, the second main joining step can be suitably performed.

  In addition, since the friction stir is performed with the small rotary tool H when the second main joining step is performed, occurrence of heat shrinkage after the second main joining step can be suppressed. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 after a 2nd main joining process can be made flat easily.

  Further, by performing the burr cutting process after the first main joining process, the metal members 1 and 1 can be stably agitated without rattling in the second main joining process.

  Moreover, like the joining method of this embodiment, when performing a 2nd joining process, the front end side of the plasticization area | region W1 can be stirred again by inserting the stirring pin H2 in the plasticization area | region W1. As a result, when a bonding defect occurs in the plasticized region W1, the plasticized region W1 is again frictionally stirred, so that the bonding defect can be repaired. Therefore, the water tightness and air tightness of the joint can be improved.

  Further, by disposing the spacer 10 between the first mount KA and the metal members 1 and 1, the work of abutting the metal members 1 and 1 can be easily performed while the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined. . Moreover, the inclination angle of the metal members 1 and 1 can be changed only by changing the height of the spacer 10.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the 1st main joining process and the 2nd main joining process can be performed only by the 1st mount frame KA, the number of apparatus used by friction stirring can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined using the spacer 10, but the spacer 10 is omitted if the metal members 1 and 1 can be inclined so that the butt portion J becomes higher. May be.

[First modification]
The joining method according to the first modification is different from the first embodiment in that the preparation step and the first main joining process are performed using the second mount KB as shown in FIG. In the joining method according to the first modification, a preparation process, a first main joining process, a burr cutting process, and a second main joining process are performed. The first modification will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment.

  The second gantry KB includes a substrate K1, a clamp K2, and a convex portion K3. The convex portion K3 is convexly provided at the center of the substrate K1 and extends along the extending direction of the butted portion J. The cross-sectional shape of the convex portion K3 is not particularly limited.

  In the preparation step, the end surfaces 1a and 1a on one end side of the metal members 1 and 1 are abutted on the second frame KB to form the abutting portion J, and the one end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is placed on the convex portion K3. Deploy. Moreover, the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 is fixed with the clamp K2. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined so that the one end side (end faces 1a and 1a side) is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed in a state where the butt portion J is the highest.

  The first main joining process is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the second mount KB is used. The burr cutting process is equivalent to the first embodiment. In the second main joining step, as shown in FIG. 3, friction stir welding is performed from the back surfaces 1 c and 1 c of the metal members 1 and 1 using the first mount KA. The second main joining step is equivalent to the first embodiment.

  As in the first modification described above, the preparation step and the first main joining step may be performed by the second frame KB, and the second main bonding step may be performed by the first frame KA. Even if it does in this way, there can exist an effect substantially equivalent to 1st embodiment. The metal members 1 and 1 can be easily tilted so that the butt portion J is raised by the convex portion K3.

[Second modification]
The joining method according to the second modification differs from the first embodiment in that the preparation step and the first main joining step are performed using the third mount KC, as shown in FIG. In the joining method according to the second modification, a preparation process, a first main joining process, a burr cutting process, and a second main joining process are performed. The second deformable collar will be described with a focus on the differences from the first embodiment.

  The third gantry KC includes a substrate K1, a clamp K2, and an inclined placement portion K4 provided on the substrate K1.

  The inclined mounting portion K4 has a triangular cross section and includes inclined surfaces K4a and K4a. In the preparation step, the back surface 1c of the metal members 1 and 1 is placed in contact with the inclined surfaces K4a and K4a so that the abutting portion J is positioned at the vertex K4b and fixed by the clamp K2. That is, the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined so that the one end side (end faces 1a and 1a side) is higher than the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1. Thereby, the metal members 1 and 1 are fixed in a state where the butt portion J is the highest.

  The first main joining process is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the third mount KC is used. The burr cutting process is equivalent to the first embodiment. In the second main joining step, as shown in FIG. 3, friction stir welding is performed from the back surfaces 1 c and 1 c of the metal members 1 and 1 using the first mount KA. The second main joining step is equivalent to the first embodiment.

  As in the second modification described above, the preparation step and the first main joining step may be performed by the third gantry KC, and the second main joining step may be performed by the first gantry KA. Even if it does in this way, there can exist an effect substantially equivalent to 1st embodiment. The metal members 1 and 1 can be easily inclined so that the abutting portion J becomes high also by the inclined mounting portion K4.

  Although the embodiments and modifications of the present invention have been described above, design changes can be made as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the present embodiment, both the metal members 1 and 1 are inclined at the same angle, but the inclination angles of both may be different.

  Moreover, although the inclination mounting part K4 was provided with the inclined surfaces K4a and K4a, it is not limited to this. Although not specifically shown, the inclined mounting portion may be constituted by a horizontal surface and an inclined surface K4a. In the preparation step in this case, one metal member 1 is placed on the horizontal plane, and the other metal member 1 is placed on the inclined surface K4a. Even if it does in this way, in the 2nd main joining process, friction stirring can be performed in the state inclined so that one end side might become high with respect to the other end side of a metal member.

  Moreover, you may perform a 1st main joining process and a 2nd main joining process, without fixing the other end side of the metal members 1 and 1 to a mount frame.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal member 1a End surface 1b Front surface 1c Back surface 10 Spacer G Rotating tool G1 Shoulder part G2 Stirring pin H Small rotating tool H1 Shoulder part H2 Stirring pin J Butting part KA First stand (stand)
K1 Substrate K2 Clamp K3 Convex part K4 Inclined mounting part

Claims (5)

A preparatory step of abutting end surfaces on one end side of a pair of metal members to form a butted portion;
A first main joining step in which friction stir is performed from the surface side of the metal member to the butt portion;
A second main joining step of performing frictional stirring on the butt portion from the back surface side of the metal member,
In the first main joining step, friction stirring is performed using a rotary tool in a state where the metal member is inclined so that one end side is higher than the other end side of the metal member,
After completion of the first main joining step, burrs generated by friction stirring are removed, and both the metal members are turned over.
In the second main joining step, the friction agitation is performed using a small rotating tool smaller than the rotating tool.   In the preparation step, a spacer is disposed between the gantry and the back side of the metal member, and the metal member is inclined using the spacer so that the one end side is higher than the other end side. The bonding method according to claim 1, wherein:   Protruding portions are provided on the gantry on which the metal members are placed, and in the preparation step, the metal members are inclined so that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the protrusions. The joining method according to claim 1, characterized in that:   An inclined placement portion is provided on a gantry on which the metal member is placed, and in the preparation step, at least one end of the metal member is set so that the one end side is higher than the other end side using the inclined placement portion. Either one of them is inclined, The joining method according to claim 1 characterized by things.   The friction stir is performed in the second main joining step while the stirring pin of the small rotary tool is inserted into the plasticized region formed in the first main joining step. 5. The joining method according to any one of 4 above.

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