JP2015109536A - Receiver - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable demodulation even when the number of repetition of a pulse train representing one data symbol is unknown.SOLUTION: A receiver 1 includes: a reception circuit 11 that receives a signal including a pulse train with an arbitrary repetitive pulse number; a repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13 that estimates the repetitive pulse number of the pulse train representing one data symbol; and a data symbol converter 12 that converts the signal to the data symbol on the basis of the repetitive pulse number estimated by the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13.

Description

  The present invention relates to a receiving apparatus that receives a signal having an arbitrary number of repetitive pulses of a pulse train expressing one data symbol.

  In general, in pulse communication using a pulse as a modulation signal, the modulation signal is represented by one or more thin pulses as shown in FIG. 7 (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In the conventional pulse communication, the number of pulses for expressing one data symbol is predetermined. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the number of pulses of the first data symbol D91 and the number of pulses of the second data symbol D92 that express one data symbol are fixed. The receiver receives such a signal, counts the number of consecutive pulses, restores the data symbol to 0 or 1, and demodulates the data signal.

  Here, when the number of pulses is increased, the S / N ratio of the signal can be increased. As a result, the communication distance can be increased and the noise resistance can be improved.

Takahide Terada et al., “Intermittent CMOS UWB-IR receiver analog front end”, IEICE technical report. ICD, Integrated Circuit, The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, July 19, 2007, Vol. 107, No. 163, p. 65-70

  However, a general receiving apparatus is premised on the fact that the number of pulses representing one data symbol is known, and if it is unknown, the receiving apparatus may not be able to demodulate. Therefore, when one data symbol is expressed with a different number of pulses for each transmission apparatus, it may be difficult for the reception apparatus to demodulate.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a receiving apparatus that can demodulate even if the number of repetitions of a pulse train representing one data symbol is unknown.

  In order to solve the above problems, a feature of the present invention relates to a receiving apparatus that receives a signal having an arbitrary number of repetitive pulses of a pulse train expressing one data symbol. A receiving apparatus according to a feature of the present invention includes a receiving circuit that receives a signal including a pulse train having an arbitrary number of repetitive pulses, a repetitive pulse number estimating circuit that estimates the repetitive pulse number of a pulse train expressing one data symbol, and a repetitive pulse number estimating circuit. A data symbol converter for converting a signal into a data symbol based on the number of repetitive pulses estimated by the pulse number estimation circuit is provided.

  The data symbol converter converts data into a data symbol based on the result of comparing the data obtained by integrating or sampling the voltage of the pulse corresponding to the number of repetition pulses estimated by the repetition pulse number estimation circuit with the predetermined data. You may do it.

  Here, an interval is provided at a predetermined position of the pulse train of the signal, and the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit includes a pulse integrator that integrates the voltage value of the signal, a voltage monitor that accumulates the voltage value integrated by the pulse integrator, In the voltage value accumulated by the voltage monitoring unit, the pattern detection unit for specifying the time for which the same voltage value continues, and the time for the same voltage value specified for the pattern detection unit to be continued are estimated as the pulse train interval, You may provide the pulse number estimation part which estimates the repetition pulse number of a pulse train based on the position of the said interval.

  The interval may be provided at a predetermined position in the pulse train or between the pulse trains.

  In addition, when the number of data symbols transmitted per unit time is known, the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit is measured by a pulse number counter unit that measures the pulse number of the signal and the pulse duration, and a pulse number counter unit. The number of pulses per unit time is calculated from the number of pulses and the duration, and one data symbol is expressed from the calculated number of pulses per unit time and the number of data symbols per unit time transmitted as a signal. And a pulse number estimation unit that estimates the number of repetitive pulses of the pulse train to be performed.

  The signal includes a pulse converted from a plurality of data symbols constituting a predetermined data pattern, and the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit includes a pulse number counter unit that measures the pulse number of the signal and the duration of the pulse, and a predetermined number of pulses. The number of repetitive pulses of a pulse train representing one data symbol is estimated from the number of pulses measured by the pulse number counter unit and the duration of the pulse and the number of a plurality of data symbols constituting a predetermined data pattern. And a pulse number estimation unit that performs the same.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if the repetition number of the pulse train showing one data symbol is unknown, the receiver which can be demodulated can be provided.

It is a figure explaining the functional block of the transmitter of the transmission / reception system which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and a receiver. It is a figure explaining the integrated value of the voltage value of the pulse of 1 data symbol in the signal which the receiver which concerns on embodiment of this invention receives, and the pulse of 1 data symbol. It is a figure explaining the functional block of the repetition pulse number estimation circuit of the receiver which concerns on the 1st Example and 2nd Example of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the integrated value of the voltage value of the pulse of 1 data symbol and the pulse of 1 data symbol in the repetition pulse number estimation circuit of the receiver which concerns on the 1st Example of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the integrated value of the voltage value of the pulse of 1 data symbol and the pulse of 1 data symbol in the repetition pulse number estimation circuit of the receiver which concerns on 2nd Example of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the functional block of the repetition pulse number estimation circuit of the receiver which concerns on the 3rd Example and 4th Example of embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the pulse of 1 data symbol in the signal which a general receiver receives.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals.

(Embodiment)
A transmission / reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a transmission device 2 that converts a data signal into a pulse and uses the pulse as a modulation signal, and a reception device 1 that extracts a data signal from a signal received from the transmission device 2. . In the transmission apparatus 2 of the transmission / reception system according to the embodiment of the present invention, a repetition pulse number N having an arbitrary value is set as the number of pulses expressing one data symbol. The receiving device 1 is unknown to the “arbitrary value” set in the transmitting device 1. The receiving apparatus 1 estimates the repetition pulse number N from the signal received from the transmission apparatus 2 and converts it into a data symbol using the estimated repetition pulse number N.

(Transmitter)
The transmission apparatus 2 transmits a signal having an arbitrary number of repetition pulses N of a pulse train representing one data symbol to the reception apparatus 1. The transmission device 2 includes a data signal storage unit 21, a pulse generator 22, a repetitive pulse number setting circuit 23, and a transmission circuit 24.

  The data signal storage unit 21 stores a data signal to be received by the receiving device 1. The data signal is, for example, a sensor value. A data signal is formed by an arbitrary number of data symbols.

  The repetitive pulse number setting circuit 23 determines the repetitive pulse number N to be transmitted by the transmission device 2 and inputs the repetitive pulse number N to the pulse generator 22. The number of repetition pulses N may be set in advance, or may be set as appropriate according to the external environment in which the transmission device 2 is installed.

  Based on the data signal stored in the data signal storage unit 21 and the repetition pulse number N input from the repetition pulse number setting circuit 23, the pulse generator 22 generates a pulse that can be demodulated into the data signal by the receiving device 1. . At this time, the pulse generator 22 generates pulses by a predetermined method, so that the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13 of the receiving apparatus 1 described later enables the repetitive pulse number N to be estimated.

  The transmission circuit 24 transmits the pulse signal generated by the pulse generator 22 to the reception device 1. The pulse transmitted by the transmission circuit 24 is a signal as shown in FIG. In the signal transmitted by the transmission circuit 24, a first data symbol D1 and a second data symbol D2 are formed by a pulse train of N repetition pulses. Here, the receiving apparatus 1 is unknown in the number N of repetitive pulses.

(Receiver)
The receiving apparatus 1 receives from the transmitting apparatus 2 a signal having an arbitrary number of repetition pulses N of a pulse train representing one data symbol. The signal received by the receiving device 1 from the transmitting device 2 is as described with reference to FIG.

  Here, the receiving device 1 may receive and demodulate signals from the plurality of transmitting devices 2. At this time, each of the plurality of transmitters 2 sets an arbitrary number of repetitive pulses N1, N2, N3,... And transmits a signal. The receiving apparatus 1 estimates and demodulates the number of repetitive pulses N1, N2, N3,... For each of the plurality of transmitting apparatuses 2. Further, one transmitter 2 may set different numbers of repetitive pulses N1, N2, N3,... According to the timing at which a signal is transmitted.

  The receiving apparatus 1 includes a receiving circuit 11, a data symbol converter 12, a repetitive pulse number estimating circuit 13, and a demodulating circuit 14.

  The reception circuit 11 receives a signal including a pulse train having an arbitrary number of repetition pulses N received from the transmission device 2. The reception circuit 11 inputs the received signal to the data symbol converter 12 and the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13.

  The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13 estimates the repetitive pulse number N of a pulse train expressing one data symbol. The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13 inputs the estimated repetitive pulse number N to the data symbol converter 12. The processing of the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13 will be described in detail in the following first to fourth embodiments.

  The data symbol converter 12 converts the signal input from the receiving circuit 11 into a data symbol based on the repetition pulse number N estimated by the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13. The data symbol converter 12 generates data based on a result obtained by comparing data obtained by integrating or sampling data of a pulse voltage corresponding to the repetition pulse number N estimated by the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13 with predetermined data. Convert to a symbol.

  When converting the data symbol based on the data obtained by integrating the pulse voltage, the data symbol converter 12 holds in advance the respective integrated values when the data symbol is “0” and “1”. As shown in FIG. 2B, the data symbol converter 12 integrates the received signal at an interval of the estimated repetition pulse number N. The data symbol converter 12 has an interval between the integration value when the data symbol held in advance is “0” and the integration value when the data symbol is “1” and the repetition pulse number N estimated by the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13. The signal received in step 1 is compared with the integrated value. The data symbol converter 12 converts the pulse train of the number of repetition pulses N to be integrated into a data symbol “0” or “1” based on the comparison result.

  For example, consider the case where the threshold value of the integral value of the data symbol “1” is “TH”. If the integral value of the pulse train with the repetition pulse number N does not exceed “TH”, the data symbol converter 12 converts the pulse train with the repetition pulse number N to be integrated into the data symbol “0”. On the other hand, when the integral value of the pulse train with the number of repetition pulses N exceeds “TH”, the data symbol converter 12 converts the pulse train with the number of repetition pulses N to be integrated into the data symbol “1”.

  When the data symbol is converted based on the integration value of the data obtained by sampling the pulse voltage, the data symbol converter 12 calculates the integration value of each sampling data when the data symbol is “0” and “1” in advance. Hold. The data symbol converter 12 samples and integrates the pulse based on the estimated interval of the repetition pulse number N. The data symbol converter 12 is an interval between the integrated value of the sampling data when the data symbol held in advance is “0” and the integrated value of the sampling data when it is “1” and the estimated number of repetition pulses N. The received signal is compared with the integrated value of the sampled pulse. Based on the comparison result, the data symbol converter 12 converts the pulse train of the number of repetition pulses N to be sampled into data symbols “0” or “1”.

  The demodulating circuit 14 forms a data signal from the data symbols output from the data symbol converter 12.

(First embodiment)
Here, the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13a according to the first embodiment will be described.

  In the first embodiment, a predetermined position of the pulse train of the signal, specifically, an interval is provided between the pulse trains. The pulse generator 22 of the transmission circuit 24 generates a pulse train having a repetition pulse number N corresponding to one data symbol, and then passes through an interval in which no pulse is generated, and has a repetition pulse number N corresponding to a new data symbol. Generate a pulse train. As a result, the signal received by the receiving apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment forms the pulse train constituting the first data symbol D1 and the second data symbol D2 as shown in FIG. 4A. An interval I is provided between the pulse trains.

  The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13a according to the first embodiment knows the position where the interval I is provided, and estimates the repetitive pulse number N using the interval I as a mark. As shown in FIG. 3, the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13a according to the first embodiment includes a pulse integration unit 101, a voltage monitoring unit 102, a pattern detection unit 103, and a pulse number estimation unit 104a.

  The pulse integrator 101 integrates the voltage value of the signal received by the receiving circuit 11.

  The voltage monitor unit 102 accumulates the voltage value integrated by the pulse integrator 101. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4B, the voltage value is accumulated every time the receiving device 1 receives the signal.

  The pattern detection unit 103 identifies the time during which the same voltage value continues in the voltage value accumulated by the voltage monitor unit 102.

  The pulse number estimation unit 104a estimates the time during which the same voltage value specified by the pattern detection unit 103 continues as the interval I of the pulse train, and estimates the repetition pulse number N of the pulse train based on the position of the interval. As shown in FIG. 4B, in the first embodiment, an interval is provided between the pulse trains. Therefore, the same voltage value continues at the timing after receiving the pulse train per data symbol. Therefore, the pulse number estimation unit 104a estimates the timing at which the same voltage value continues as the interval I provided in the transmission device 2. The pulse number estimation unit 104a estimates and outputs the number of pulses between the intervals as the number N of repetitive pulses.

(Second embodiment)
Here, the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13b according to the second embodiment will be described. The second embodiment is common in that an interval is provided at a predetermined position in the pulse train of the signal, but differs in that an interval is provided at a predetermined position in the pulse train. When the pulse generator 22 of the transmission circuit 24 generates a pulse train having a repetition pulse number N corresponding to one data symbol, for example, the generation of a pulse at a predetermined position in the pulse train such as the position of the third pulse in the pulse train. Provide an interval that does not. As a result, the signal received by the receiving apparatus 1 according to the second embodiment has an interval in which no pulse is generated in the pulse train constituting the first data symbol D1, as shown by the broken line in FIG. Provided.

  The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13b according to the second embodiment knows the position where the interval is provided, and estimates the repetitive pulse number N using this interval as a mark. As shown in FIG. 3, the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13b according to the second embodiment includes a pulse integration unit 101, a voltage monitoring unit 102, a pattern detection unit 103, and a pulse number estimation unit 104b. The processing of the pulse integration unit 101, the voltage monitoring unit 102, and the pattern detection unit 103 operates in the same manner as each unit according to the first embodiment, but the processing of the pulse number estimation unit 104b is different.

  The pulse number estimation unit 104b estimates the time during which the same voltage value specified by the pattern detection unit 103 continues as an interval in the pulse train, and estimates the repetition pulse number N of the pulse train based on the position of the interval. For example, when an interval is provided at the position of the third pulse in the pulse train, it can be understood that two pulses before the time during which the same voltage value continues are part of the pulse train constituting the first data symbol D1. In addition, the number of pulses after the time when the same voltage value continues and the number of pulses up to three before the time when the same voltage value continues in the subsequent pulse train (second data symbol D2) is also the first data. It can be seen that it is a part of the pulse train constituting the symbol D1. The pulse number estimation unit 104b can estimate the sum of these pulses as the number N of repetitive pulses that constitute the first data symbol D1, and specify the pulse train that constitutes the first data symbol D1.

(Third embodiment)
The repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13c according to the third embodiment will be described. The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13c according to the third embodiment is based on the premise that the number of data symbols received by the receiving device 1 per unit time can be acquired. From the number of pulses received per unit time and the number of data symbols received around a known unit time, the repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13c estimates the number N of repetition pulses constituting one data symbol. As shown in FIG. 6, the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13c according to the third embodiment includes a pulse number counter unit 151 and a pulse number estimation unit 152c.

  The pulse number counter unit 151 measures the number of pulses of the signal input from the receiving circuit 11 and the pulse duration.

  The pulse number estimation unit 152c calculates the number of pulses per unit time from the number of pulses measured by the pulse number counter unit 151 and the duration. The pulse number estimation unit 152c estimates the number of repetitive pulses of a pulse train expressing one data symbol from the calculated number of pulses per unit time and the number of data symbols transmitted per unit time.

  Here, the pulse number estimation unit 152c may be any method as long as the number of data symbols received by the receiving device 1 per unit time can be acquired. For example, the pulse number estimation unit 152c assumes that the communication speed between the transmission device 2 and the reception device 2 is known. For example, when the communication speed is 1 million bps, it indicates that 1 million bits of data, that is, 1 million data symbols can be transmitted per second. Therefore, the pulse number estimation unit 152c can calculate the number of pulses per data symbol from the communication speed and the number of pulses per second measured by the pulse number counter unit 151.

  In addition, a method in which the transmission device 2 transmits a test packet having a fixed number of bits to the reception device 1 is also conceivable. When the fixed number of bits of the test packet, that is, the number of data symbols is known, the receiving apparatus 1 can calculate the number of data symbols received per unit time from the time required to receive the test packet. The pulse number estimation unit 152c can calculate the number N of repetitive pulses per data symbol from the number of bits received per unit time and the number of pulses per second measured by the pulse number counter unit 151.

  In addition, any method may be used as long as the number of pulses per data symbol can be calculated.

(Fourth embodiment)
A repetition pulse number estimation circuit 13d according to the fourth embodiment will be described.

  The signal received by the receiving circuit 11 of the receiving device 1 includes, for example, a pulse converted from a plurality of data symbols constituting a predetermined data pattern in the header portion of the data. The pulse generator 22 of the transmission circuit 24 according to the fourth embodiment transmits a signal including a pulse converted from the predetermined data pattern to the reception device 1. It is assumed that the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13d can acquire a plurality of data symbols constituting the predetermined data pattern from the transmission device 2. The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13d according to the fourth embodiment knows this predetermined data pattern, and estimates the repetitive pulse number N constituting one data symbol by using this predetermined data pattern as a mark.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 13d according to the fourth embodiment includes a pulse number counter unit 151 and a pulse number estimation unit 152d. The processing of the pulse number counter unit 151 operates in the same manner as the pulse number counter unit according to the third embodiment, but the processing of the pulse number estimation unit 152d is different.

  The pulse number estimation unit 152d determines one data symbol from the number of pulses measured by the pulse number counter unit 151 for a predetermined data pattern and the duration of the pulse and the number of data symbols constituting the predetermined data pattern. The number of repetitive pulses N of the pulse train to be expressed is estimated. For example, it is assumed that the data symbol of a predetermined data pattern is “101” and is composed of three data symbols. The pulse number estimating unit 152d estimates the number of repetitive pulses N based on the number of pulses generated while receiving “101”.

  Also, consider a case where the transmission apparatus 2 generates a pulse at the timing of the data symbol “1” and does not generate a pulse at the timing of the data symbol “0” when the data symbol of the predetermined data pattern is “101”. In this case, after the time when the pulse occurs, a time when the pulse does not occur occurs. Here, since the data symbol of the predetermined pattern is “101”, the pulse number estimation unit 152d has the number of pulses in the time when the pulse is generated becomes the number of pulses expressing the data symbol “1”, and the number of repetition pulses N is estimated. Further, when the pulse is generated at the timing of the data symbol “1” and the pulse is not generated at the timing of the data symbol “0”, the number of pulses at the timing when the pulse is output may be controlled. The pulse number estimation unit 152d can estimate the repetition pulse number N from the pulse number at the timing when the pulse is output and the number of data symbols “1” in the predetermined pattern. Further, by configuring the data pattern by mixing data symbols “1” and “0”, the pulse number estimation unit 152 d can specify the time required to receive one data symbol. Thus, the pulse number estimation unit 152d estimates the number of repetitive pulses N from the number of pulses generated at this time.

  The receiving apparatus 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for a wireless sensor network system that periodically transmits sensor data. Specifically, the sensor terminal can implement only a function of transmitting a signal in which an arbitrary number of repetition pulses is set to the receiving device 1. Thereby, since the function of a sensor terminal can be reduced, cost reduction can be implement | achieved as the whole wireless sensor network system.

  Further, in such a wireless sensor network system, the number of repetitive pulses transmitted from the sensor terminal can be increased so that the receiving apparatus 1 can demodulate according to the communication position and environment. In this case, although the number of repetitive pulses of a pulse train representing one data symbol differs for each transmission device 2, the reception device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention can estimate and demodulate the number of repetitive pulses. Thereby, compared with the case where the number of repetition pulses is unified to a fixed value in all the transmission apparatuses 2, the power consumption in the transmission apparatus 2 can be reduced and a collision can be avoided. Further, since the number of pulses can be made variable according to the environment of the transmission apparatus 2, it is possible to realize a longer communication distance.

  Further, the transmission / reception system according to the embodiment of the present invention can improve the S / N ratio of the signal more efficiently than the single pulse by repeating the pulses that can be demodulated by the receiving apparatus 1. it can.

  In such a wireless transmission / reception system that uses a pulse as a modulation signal, the reception device 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention repeats even when the number of repetition pulses of a pulse train representing one data symbol is different for each transmission device. The number of pulses can be estimated and demodulated.

(Other embodiments)
As described above, the embodiments of the present invention and the first to fourth examples have been described. However, it should not be understood that the descriptions and drawings constituting a part of this disclosure limit the present invention. . From this disclosure, various alternative embodiments, examples, and operational techniques will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

  It goes without saying that the present invention includes various embodiments not described herein. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is defined only by the invention specifying matters according to the scope of claims reasonable from the above description.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reception apparatus 2 Transmission apparatus 11 Reception circuit 12 Data symbol converter 13 Repetitive pulse number estimation circuit 14 Demodulation circuit 21 Data signal storage part 22 Pulse generator 23 Repetitive pulse number setting circuit 24 Transmission circuit 101 Pulse integration part 102 Voltage monitor part 103 Pattern detection unit 104, 152 Pulse number estimation unit 151 Pulse number counter unit

Claims (6)

A receiving device that receives an arbitrary signal having a repetition pulse number of a pulse train expressing one data symbol,
A receiving circuit for receiving a signal including a pulse train of an arbitrary number of repetitive pulses;
A repetitive pulse number estimating circuit for estimating a repetitive pulse number of a pulse train representing the one data symbol;
A receiving apparatus comprising: a data symbol converter that converts the signal into a data symbol based on the number of repetition pulses estimated by the repetition pulse number estimation circuit. The data symbol converter includes a data symbol based on a result obtained by comparing data obtained by integrating or sampling data of a pulse voltage corresponding to the number of repetition pulses estimated by the number of repetition pulses estimation circuit with predetermined data. The receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving device is converted into: An interval is provided at a predetermined position of the pulse train of the signal,
The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit includes:
A pulse integrator for integrating the voltage value of the signal;
A voltage monitor that accumulates voltage values integrated by the pulse integrator;
In the voltage value accumulated by the voltage monitor unit, a pattern detection unit that identifies the time for which the same voltage value continues,
A pulse number estimation unit that estimates a time during which the same voltage value specified by the pattern detection unit continues as an interval of the pulse train and estimates the number of repeated pulses of the pulse train based on the position of the interval. The receiving apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The receiving apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the interval is provided at a predetermined position in the pulse train or between the pulse trains. If the number of data symbols transmitted per unit time is known,
The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit includes:
A pulse number counter for measuring the number of pulses of the signal and the duration of the pulse;
The number of pulses per unit time is calculated from the number of pulses measured by the pulse number counter unit and the duration, and the calculated number of pulses per unit time, and the number of data symbols per unit time transmitted by the signal, From the pulse number estimation unit for estimating the number of repetitive pulses of a pulse train representing one data symbol,
The receiving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: The signal includes a pulse converted from a plurality of data symbols constituting a predetermined data pattern,
The repetitive pulse number estimation circuit includes:
A pulse number counter for measuring the number of pulses of the signal and the duration of the pulse;
Repetition of a pulse train representing one data symbol from the number of pulses measured by the pulse number counter unit for the predetermined data pattern and the duration of the pulse and the number of data symbols constituting the predetermined data pattern A pulse number estimation unit for estimating the number of pulses;
The receiving apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

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