JP2015100090A - Imaging apparatus, control method of the same, program, and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an imaging apparatus capable of imaging with satisfactory exposure without regard to the presence or absence of a flickering light source.SOLUTION: The imaging apparatus comprises: an imaging device; a photometry part for photometry of a subject; a detector for detecting the presence or absence of flicker of surrounding ambient light by using a photometric value based on an output from the photometry part; and a determination part for determining the exposure control value of the imaging device by using the photometric value based on the output from the photometry part. The determination part uses different photometric values to determine an exposure control value for first imaging control to perform imaging by the imaging device with predetermined timing relative to variation in brightness or darkness of flicker when the detector detects the flicker and an exposure control value for second imaging control different from the first imaging control.

Description

  The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus typified by a digital camera, and more particularly to a technique for correcting exposure unevenness caused by a change in external light (generally called flicker) caused by a fluorescent lamp or the like generated during photographing.

  Conventionally, in photographing under a flicker light source by an image pickup device, there has been a problem that in a photometric operation performed before release, the photometric sensor is affected by flicker and the photometric result is not stable. For such problems, the photometric sensor accumulation time is controlled to an integral multiple of the flicker emission period, or the accumulation is performed intermittently at a predetermined time interval, so that even in a flicker environment, the average The brightness is stable and metering is possible.

  On the other hand, with the recent increase in sensitivity of digital cameras, it has become possible to shoot with a high-speed shutter even under an artificial light source in which flicker occurs. While there is an advantage that you can shoot photos without blurring when shooting indoor sports, etc., high-speed shutter shooting under a flicker light source may cause variations in image brightness and color temperature for each frame due to the effect of flicker. There is.

  With respect to such a problem, in Patent Document 1, flicker is detected, and exposure is performed at the peak position of the flicker where the change in brightness is the smallest, thereby reducing the influence of flicker.

JP-A-6-209427

  However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is based on the premise of moving image shooting. When exposure is performed at the same peak position when still image shooting is considered, the release time lag depends on the flicker timing. Will become longer. Therefore, when the user can select whether or not to perform peak position shooting, the optimal exposure condition for shooting varies depending on whether or not the flicker peak position shooting is performed.

  FIG. 6 shows a photometric output under a flicker environment that occurs in the case of a general commercial power supply (50 Hz). There is a photometric difference of Δ between the photometric value AE_peak obtained at the flicker peak and the average photometric value AE_ave. Therefore, when shooting at the peak position, if shooting is performed under the exposure condition calculated based on AE_ave as described above, the exposure is over by Δ. In addition, when there is a function to display the exposure conditions determined from the photometric result so that the user can check between the time after the photometry is completed and the release, it is displayed when the peak position shooting is performed and when it is not performed. The appropriate exposure conditions that should be changed.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an imaging apparatus that can perform imaging with good exposure regardless of the presence or absence of a flicker light source.

  An image pickup apparatus according to the present invention includes an image pickup unit, a photometric unit that measures a subject, a detection unit that detects the presence or absence of flickering of ambient ambient light using a photometric value based on an output of the photometric unit, Determining means for determining an exposure control value using a photometric value based on the output of the output, wherein the determining means has a predetermined timing with respect to a change in flicker brightness when flicker is detected by the detecting means. The exposure control value at the time of the first imaging control to be imaged by the imaging means and the exposure control value at the time of the second imaging control different from the first imaging control are determined using different photometric values. It is characterized by doing.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an imaging apparatus that can perform photographing with good exposure regardless of the presence or absence of a flicker light source.

It is sectional drawing of the digital single-lens reflex camera which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the camera of one Embodiment. It is a program diagram of one Embodiment. It is a figure showing the photometry output at the time of flicker detection operation. It is a figure explaining the calculation method of the flicker peak photometric value and its timing. It is a figure showing the photometry value obtained in a flicker environment.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a digital single-lens reflex camera will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a digital single-lens reflex camera according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 2A, reference numeral 101 denotes a camera body, and a photographing lens 102 is mounted on the front surface thereof. The photographing lens 102 can be exchanged, and the camera body 101 and the photographing lens 102 are also electrically connected via a mount contact group 112. Further, a diaphragm 113 is arranged in the photographing lens 102 so that the amount of light taken into the camera can be adjusted. The focusing lens 116 performs focus adjustment by moving on the optical axis.

  Reference numeral 103 denotes a main mirror, which is a half mirror. The main mirror 103 is obliquely arranged on the photographing optical path in the finder observation state, and reflects the photographing light beam from the photographing lens 102 to the finder optical system, while the transmitted light enters the AF unit 105 via the sub mirror 104. In the photographing state, the evacuation is taken out of the photographing optical path.

  The AF unit 105 is a phase difference detection type AF sensor. Since the focus detection by the phase difference method is a known technique, the specific operation is omitted here although the specific control is omitted here. By forming the secondary imaging surface of the photographing lens 102 on the focus detection line sensor, the focus adjustment state of the photographing lens 102 is detected, and the focusing lens 116 is driven based on the detection result to perform automatic focus detection. Do.

  Reference numeral 108 denotes an image sensor, 106 is a low-pass filter, and 107 is a focal plane shutter. Reference numeral 109 denotes a focusing plate disposed on a planned image forming surface of the photographing lens 102 constituting the finder optical system, and reference numeral 110 denotes a pentine optical path changing pentaprism. Reference numeral 114 denotes an eyepiece, and the photographer can confirm the photographing screen as shown by the broken line by observing the focus plate 109 from here. Reference numeral 111 denotes an AE sensor which is used for photometry. The AE sensor 111 can measure the brightness of the subject (photometrically measure the subject) by receiving light from the focus plate as indicated by a solid line. Reference numeral 115 denotes a built-in LCD for displaying photographing information. While the user is looking through the eyepiece 114, it is installed so that information related to shooting such as exposure conditions can be confirmed. As shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 1A, various information can be displayed on the lower side of the screen when viewed from the eyepiece when viewed from the eyepiece.

  The display unit 117 is generally composed of a liquid crystal panel, so that the state of the subject can be observed by displaying an image taken by the photographer and an image signal obtained by the image sensor 108 in real time. It has become.

  FIG. 1B is a diagram of the digital single-lens reflex camera of this embodiment as viewed from above. Reference numeral 119 denotes a release button, which is a two-stage push-in switch having a half-pressed state and a fully-pressed state. When the release button 119 is half-pressed, preparatory operations such as AE and AF operations are performed, and when the release button 119 is fully pressed, the image sensor 108 is exposed to perform a photographing process. Hereinafter, the half-pressed state is described as a state where S1 is ON, and the fully-pressed state is described as a state where S2 is ON. Reference numeral 118 denotes an external LCD, which displays various information related to shooting, such as camera settings and exposure conditions, like the built-in LCD 115.

  Next, the operation of the digital single-lens reflex camera of this embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  When the photometry operation is started in step S301 in response to the turning on of S1, the AE unit 111 is driven in step S302 to perform the photometry operation. When metering, even if there is a flicker light source, the metering value fluctuates according to the change in brightness due to flicker so that the metering value does not vary with the change in brightness due to the flicker of ambient ambient light. An average value is obtained as a photometric output value. For this purpose, it is used that when the accumulation time of the photometric sensor 111 is set to an integral multiple of the flicker cycle, a constant output can be obtained regardless of the accumulation timing. Here, since the frequency at which the brightness of the flicker light source changes is twice the frequency of the commercial power supply, the frequency is 100 Hz in the power supply region where the power supply frequency is 50 Hz, and the light emission period is 10 ms. Similarly, in a region where the power supply frequency is 60 Hz, the frequency is 120 Hz and the cycle is 8.33 ms. In other words, for example, if the accumulation time of the AE sensor 111 is set to 9 ms between 8.33 ms and 10 ms, almost one cycle of flicker is accumulated regardless of whether the power supply frequency is 50 or 60 Hz. Even if there is flicker, the average value can be measured. Based on the photometric value obtained here, an aperture value AV1, shutter speed TV1, and ISO sensitivity ISO1 which are provisional exposure conditions are determined. AV1, TV1, and ISO1 are determined using a program diagram stored in advance in the camera. An example of a program diagram is shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows an example in the case of ISO 100. If the program diagram and the photometric value as shown in FIG. 3 are determined, AV and TV are uniquely determined.

  When provisional exposure control values AV1, TV1, and ISO1 are determined in step S302, the process proceeds to step S303. In step S303, it is confirmed whether the flicker countermeasure mode is ON. If flicker is detected, it is released in synchronization with the flicker peak in the subsequent processing (flicker reduction exposure control), but a slight waiting time is required to synchronize with the peak. Therefore, if flicker countermeasures are taken, there is a demerit that the release time lag becomes longer. Therefore, in the camera of this embodiment, the user can set whether or not to take measures against flicker. In step S303, if the flicker countermeasure mode is OFF, the process proceeds to step S311 which is a normal shooting sequence, and if it is ON, the process proceeds to step S304 which is a flicker countermeasure sequence. In the present embodiment, the release in synchronism with the flicker peak means that the exposure is performed in the vicinity of the timing at which the light amount of the flicker light source reaches the peak.

  Step S304 is a step in which flicker is detected and, if detected, the light / dark cycle is detected and a peak synchronization signal is generated. In order to realize these, accumulation of 1.66 ms (predetermined time) is continuously performed 12 times (multiple times are performed). FIG. 4A shows accumulation control and output photometric values when a 50 Hz commercial power supply flicker exists. The nth accumulation is described as “accumulation n”, the readout of the result of the accumulation n is described as “readout n”, and the photometric value obtained from the result of the readout n is described as “AE (n)”. Indicated. Regarding the acquisition time of each photometric value, since accumulation is performed with a finite time, it is represented by the median value during the accumulation period. In FIG. 4A, only plots with n = 1 and n = 2 are shown, but the same applies to plots with n = 3-12. Since the flicker emission cycle is 10 ms and 10 ÷ 1.66 ≒ 6, as shown in FIG. 4A, almost the same photometric value can be obtained in 6 cycles regardless of the accumulation timing. That is, the relationship of AE (n) = AE (n + 6) is established.

  Similarly, the flicker at the commercial power supply of 60 Hz has a light emission cycle of 8.33 ms and 8.33 / 1.66≈5. Therefore, as shown in FIG. A value is obtained and a relationship of AE (n) = AE (n + 5) is obtained. On the other hand, in an environment without flicker, AE (n) is almost constant regardless of n. From the above,

Are defined as evaluation values F50 and F60, respectively, and a predetermined threshold value F_th is used.
(1) When F50 <F_th and F60 <F_th hold ⇒ No flicker (2) When F50 <F_th and F60 ≧ F_th hold ⇒ Under a flicker environment with a light emission period T = 10 ms (power frequency 50 Hz) (3 ) When F50 ≧ F_th and F60 <F_th are satisfied ⇒ It can be determined that the flicker environment has a light emission period T = 8.33 ms (power supply frequency 60 Hz). Further, there may be a case where both F50 and F60 exceed F_th due to panning or subject movement. In this case, the sizes of F50 and F60 are compared. When F50 is smaller, the light emission period T = 10 ms (power frequency 50 Hz) in a flicker environment, and when F60 is smaller, the light emission period T = 8.33 ms. It is determined to be in a flicker environment (power supply frequency 60 Hz). That is,
(4) When F50 ≧ F_th and F60 ≧ F_th are satisfied F50 ≦ F60⇒under a flicker environment with a light emission period T = 10 ms (power frequency 50 Hz) F50> F60 → a flicker environment with a light emission period T = 8.33 ms (power frequency 60 Hz) Below.

  In step S304, if there is flicker, a peak synchronization signal is generated. Basically, the twelve photometric values obtained are interpolated to calculate a peak time t (peak). FIG. 5A illustrates an example of a method for calculating peak timing. The point where the maximum output is obtained from AE (1) to AE (12) is P2 (t (m), AE (m)), and the point of the previous photometric result is P1 (t (m− 1), AE (m−1)) and the point of the next photometric result is P3 (t (m + 1), AE (m + 1)). A straight line passing through two points of AE (m−1) and AE (m + 1) (P3 in the example of FIG. 5A) and point P2 is obtained as L1 = at + b. Further, when the intersection of L1 and L2 is obtained by passing through a point that takes the larger one of AE1 and AE3 (P1 in the example of FIG. 5A) and setting the straight line with the inclination −a to L2, the peak timing t (peak) The photometric value AE (peak) at the peak can be calculated. Since the flicker light emission period T is also known so far, a peak synchronization signal as shown in FIG. 5B that changes at every timing of t = t (peak) + nT (n is a natural number) is generated. If it is determined in step S304 that flicker is present or flicker is present, the light emission period, peak photometric value, and peak synchronization signal are generated, and the process proceeds to step S305.

  Step S305 is a step that branches depending on the presence or absence of the flicker determined in S304. If no flicker is detected, the process proceeds to step S311 which is a normal shooting sequence, and if detected, the process proceeds to step S306.

Step S306 is a step of evaluating the shutter speed TV1 under provisional exposure conditions. In the present embodiment, exposure is performed in a time region where there is little fluctuation in brightness by matching the exposure timing at the time of shooting to the vicinity of the flicker peak. Therefore, it is effective when the shutter speed is very fast, but when the shutter speed is long with respect to the flicker cycle, fluctuations in light and dark are averaged, and the effect of flicker on the captured image is hardly produced. Not very effective. Therefore, a predetermined ratio α is held in the camera, and the ratio between the provisional shutter speed TV1 and the flicker emission period T is evaluated. That is, TV1 / T, which is the ratio of the exposure time TV1 to T, which is the flicker period, is compared with a predetermined value α. And
TV1 / T> α
If the condition is satisfied, it is determined that the shutter speed is sufficiently long with respect to the light emission period T, and the influence of flicker is sufficiently small on the photographed image, and the process proceeds to step S311 which is a normal photographing sequence. vice versa,
TV1 / T ≦ α
If it satisfies, since it is necessary to perform exposure in synchronization with the peak, the process proceeds to S307.

  Instead of evaluating the ratio between the provisional shutter speed TV1 and the light emission period T of flicker, a method of evaluating the difference between the light emission period T of TV1 and flicker may be used. Alternatively, a method of evaluating a ratio with the shutter speed TV1 or a method of evaluating a difference with the TV1 by using a value different from the issue period T as a reference value may be used.

  Step S307 is a step for reviewing the photometric value on the premise of the peak synchronous photographing in which the exposure timing at the time of photographing is adjusted to the vicinity of the flicker peak. The provisional exposure conditions AV1, TV1, and ISO1 in the sequence so far are based on the result of measuring the average value of the light amount of the flicker light source acquired in step S302. On the other hand, in peak-synchronized shooting, exposure is performed at the peak of flicker, so the photometric value at the peak should also be used. Since the photometric value at the peak has been calculated as AE (peak) in step S304, new exposure conditions AV2, TV2, and ISO2 are obtained from AE (peak) and the program diagram of FIG. The condition is set in S307.

  Since the formal exposure conditions have been determined so far, AV2, TV2, and ISO2 are displayed on the built-in LCD 115 and the external LCD 118 in step S308. This allows the user to check appropriate exposure conditions before shooting even during peak-synchronized shooting. In step S309, the system waits for an S2 signal that is an exposure instruction from the user. When S2 is turned on, exposure is performed using the TV 2 in synchronization with the peak synchronization signal generated in step S304. By performing the exposure in synchronization with the peak, the exposure is performed at a timing with little fluctuation in brightness, so that a captured image with less influence of flicker can be obtained under an exposure condition appropriate for the peak luminance.

  Steps S <b> 311 to S <b> 314 are a normal shooting sequence when no flicker countermeasure is taken. In step S311, provisional exposure conditions AV1, TV1, and ISO1 are determined as formal exposure conditions. S312 and S313 are the same as S308 and S309. In S314, the exposure operation is performed without waiting for the flicker peak when S2 is ON.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the exposure control value when the flicker countermeasure mode is ON (first imaging control) and the exposure control value when the flicker countermeasure mode is OFF (second imaging control) are obtained. , Using different photometric values.

  In the above flowchart, the photometric operation is started in response to S1 being turned on. However, the photometric operation may be automatically started periodically even if S1 is not turned on.

In the above flowchart, the case where the flicker countermeasure mode is turned on and off after the formal exposure condition is determined is not described. However, when the mode is changed, the process returns to S303 to perform the subsequent processing. Just do it.
As described above, since the formal exposure condition is switched in accordance with the ON / OFF of the flicker countermeasure mode being changed, it is possible to perform shooting with good exposure regardless of the presence or absence of the flicker light source. Further, since the exposure condition to be displayed is switched according to the change of ON / OFF of the flicker countermeasure mode, the user can accurately check the exposure condition used at the time of shooting regardless of the presence or absence of the flicker light source. Therefore, it is easy to change to the exposure condition intended by the user, and photographing can be performed with good exposure for the user.

  In the above embodiment, the exposure timing at the time of shooting in the anti-flicker mode is adjusted to the vicinity of the peak of the flicker, but it may be a predetermined timing that can reduce the influence of the flicker even if it is not in the vicinity of the peak. For example, there are two timings at which the increase / decrease in the amount of light of the flicker light source changes: a timing at which the light amount becomes maximum (peak) and a timing at which the light amount becomes minimum (bottom). Therefore, even if the exposure timing at the time of shooting in the flicker countermeasure mode is matched with the vicinity of the bottom of the flicker, the effect of flicker can be reduced.

  In the above embodiment, the photometry method is not particularly described, but a configuration in which the photometry method is set manually or automatically from known photometry methods such as evaluation photometry, spot photometry, and average photometry may be used. In such a configuration, when different metering methods are set depending on whether the flicker countermeasure mode is ON or OFF, the exposure condition may be changed in consideration of the difference in metering method. For example, when the flicker countermeasure mode is ON, it is assumed that average photometry is automatically set because flicker cannot be detected with high accuracy in a photometry method for obtaining a local photometry value such as spot photometry. Since there is no such limitation when the flicker countermeasure mode is OFF, a photometry method other than average photometry is also set. In this way, if the metering method is fixed when the anti-flicker mode is ON, the metering method is likely to be different from that when the anti-flicker mode is OFF. It is preferable to change the exposure conditions.

  As mentioned above, although preferable embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to these embodiment, A various deformation | transformation and change are possible within the range of the summary.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention can also be realized by executing the following processing. That is, software (program) that realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments is supplied to a system or apparatus via a network or various storage media, and a computer (or CPU, MPU, or the like) of the system or apparatus reads the program. It is a process to be executed.

Claims (9)

Imaging means;
A metering means for metering the subject;
Detection means for detecting the presence or absence of flicker of ambient ambient light using a photometric value based on the output of the photometric means;
Determining means for determining an exposure control value using a photometric value based on an output of the photometric means;
The determination means includes an exposure control value at the time of first imaging control for imaging with the imaging means at a predetermined timing with respect to a change in flickering brightness when flicker is detected by the detection means, and the first An image pickup apparatus, wherein an exposure control value in the second image pickup control different from the image pickup control is determined using a different photometric value.   Display means for displaying the exposure control value is further provided, and the display means switches the exposure control value to be displayed when the first imaging control is performed and when the second imaging control is performed. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1.   The apparatus further comprises control means for switching between the first imaging control and the second imaging control, and the control means is a ratio of the exposure time determined by the determination means to the flicker cycle detected by the detection means. 3. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first imaging control is performed when is smaller than a predetermined value.   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising setting means for manually setting whether or not to perform the first imaging control.   The detection unit causes the photometry unit to perform accumulation for a predetermined time a plurality of times, and detects the presence or absence of flicker based on a change in a photometric value obtained from the plurality of accumulations. 5. The imaging device according to any one of 4.   6. The imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein in the first imaging control, imaging is performed by the imaging unit at a timing at which a flicker photometric value detected by the photometric unit reaches a peak. A method for controlling an imaging apparatus comprising an imaging means and a photometric means for photometry of a subject,
A detection step of detecting the presence or absence of flicker of ambient ambient light using a photometric value based on the output of the photometric means;
Determining an exposure control value using a photometric value based on the output of the photometric means,
In the determination step, when flicker is detected in the detection step, an exposure control value at the time of first imaging control for imaging with the imaging means at a predetermined timing with respect to a change in brightness of the flicker, and the first A control method for an image pickup apparatus, wherein an exposure control value for second image pickup control different from the image pickup control is determined using a different photometric value.   The program for making a computer perform each process of the control method of Claim 7.   A computer-readable storage medium storing a program for causing a computer to execute each step of the control method according to claim 7.

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