JP2015092980A - Non-contact eye ball excitation type tonometer - Google Patents
Non-contact eye ball excitation type tonometer Download PDFInfo
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- 210000005252 bulbus oculi Anatomy 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 230000004410 intraocular pressure Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 66
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
本発明は、眼圧計、特に、非接触眼球加振式眼圧計に関する。 The present invention relates to a tonometer, and more particularly to a non-contact ocular vibration tonometer.
眼圧を測定するための従来の装置は、例えば、特許文献１に開示されるように、眼に空気を吹き付け、眼の凹みを光で検出する方式が採用されている。また、特許文献２や特許文献３では、空気を吹き付けないで、音で眼を加振する方式の眼圧計が開示されている。 As a conventional apparatus for measuring intraocular pressure, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, a system is adopted in which air is blown onto the eye and a dent of the eye is detected with light. Further, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose a tonometer of a method that vibrates the eyes with sound without blowing air.
眼に空気を吹き付ける特許文献１のような方式では、空気吹き付けによる弊害（不快感、眼を瞑る、感染など）がある。特許文献２の方式では、空気の吹き付けは不要であるが、加振のために大きな音が必要であり、被験者も周囲も不快である。特許文献３の方式では、音圧を高めるためにカップを用いるが、背音は周囲へ拡散してしまい、また非接触とは言い難い。 In the method as in Patent Document 1 in which air is blown to the eyes, there are harmful effects (discomfort, eye meditation, infection, etc.) due to air blowing. In the method of Patent Document 2, air blowing is unnecessary, but a loud sound is necessary for vibration, and both the subject and the surrounding are uncomfortable. In the method of Patent Document 3, a cup is used to increase the sound pressure, but the back sound diffuses to the surroundings, and it is difficult to say that it is non-contact.
上記事情を考慮し、本発明は、空気の吹き付けや、被験者ならびに周囲にとって不快な大音量を発することなく非接触的に眼圧を測定することができる眼圧計の提供を目的とする。 In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a tonometer that can measure intraocular pressure in a non-contact manner without blowing air or generating a loud sound uncomfortable for the subject and the surroundings.
本発明者らが鋭意検討した結果、以下のような本発明を完成した。
（１）被検眼の表面に音波が指向されるように構成されたパラメトリックスピーカーと、パラメトリックスピーカーからの音波に対する被検眼の振動データを検出する検出装置と、上記被検眼の振動データから被検眼の眼圧を算出する処理装置と、を備える非接触眼球加振式眼圧計。
（２）パラメトリックスピーカーが、被検眼の表面で焦点を結ぶ球面に配置された複数の超音波発音素子を有する、（１）の非接触眼球加振式眼圧計。
（３）パラメトリックスピーカーが、１０〜１００Ｈｚの周波数による変調がかけられた３０〜５０ｋＨｚの超音波信号を発することができ、かつ、前記変調における周波数は時間に応じてスイープさせることができる、超音波発音素子を有する、（１）又は（２）の非接触眼球加振式眼圧計。
（４）検出装置が超音波検出素子を有する（１）〜（３）のいずれかの非接触眼球加振式眼圧計。
（５）検出装置が、被検眼の振動を光学的に検出する受光素子を有する（１）〜（３）のいずれかの非接触眼球加振式眼圧計。
As a result of intensive studies by the inventors, the present invention as described below has been completed.
(1) A parametric speaker configured such that sound waves are directed to the surface of the eye to be examined, a detection device that detects vibration data of the eye to be examined with respect to sound waves from the parametric speaker, and a vibration of the eye to be examined from the vibration data of the eye to be examined. A non-contact ocular vibration tonometer comprising: a processing device that calculates intraocular pressure.
(2) The non-contact ocular vibration tonometer according to (1), wherein the parametric speaker has a plurality of ultrasonic sound generating elements arranged on a spherical surface focused on the surface of the eye to be examined.
(3) An ultrasonic wave in which a parametric speaker can emit an ultrasonic signal of 30 to 50 kHz modulated by a frequency of 10 to 100 Hz, and the frequency in the modulation can be swept according to time. (1) or (2) non-contact ocular vibration tonometer having a sound generating element;
(4) The non-contact ocular vibration tonometer according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the detection device includes an ultrasonic detection element.
(5) The non-contact ocular vibration tonometer according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the detection device includes a light receiving element that optically detects vibration of the subject's eye.
本発明によれば、被検眼の表面近傍では測定に十分な音圧を発生させることができ、かつ、被験者や周囲の者には極めて小さな音波のみが到達するので、不快感を与えないで被検眼を加振することができる。具体的には、本発明によれば、眼球加振により眼球を振動させ、眼球の固有振動数を求め、その振動数から、眼球の内圧である眼圧を測定するので、従来の空気噴きつけによる、被験者の不快感、涙液飛散（飛沫による院内感染の恐れ）、高齢者の開瞼不良（データ信頼性低下）などがなくなり、より品質の高い眼圧測定が可能になる。また、加振が被検眼の近傍のみに行われて眼の周囲には振動をほとんど与えないため、眼の周囲の振動の影響が小さく、被検眼の振動を精度よく検出できるという利点もある。 According to the present invention, sound pressure sufficient for measurement can be generated in the vicinity of the surface of the eye to be inspected, and only extremely small sound waves reach the subject and those around him. The optometry can be vibrated. Specifically, according to the present invention, the eyeball is vibrated by the eyeball vibration, the natural frequency of the eyeball is obtained, and the intraocular pressure that is the internal pressure of the eyeball is measured from the vibration frequency. Eliminates the subject's discomfort, tears scattering (risk of nosocomial infection due to droplets), poor opening of the elderly (decrease in data reliability), etc., and higher-quality intraocular pressure measurement becomes possible. Further, since the vibration is performed only in the vicinity of the eye to be examined and the vibration around the eye is hardly given, there is an advantage that the influence of the vibration around the eye is small and the vibration of the eye to be examined can be detected with high accuracy.
以下、図面を適宜参照しながら本発明を説明する。本発明は、図示された態様に限定されるわけではない。 The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings as appropriate. The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
本発明の非接触眼球加振眼圧計（以下、単に「眼圧計」とも表記する。）では、パラメトリックスピーカーを用いる。パラメトリックスピーカーは、超音波発音素子を駆動する信号を低周波で振幅変調することにより、音の発生する非線形性により、低周波音圧を発生させるスピーカーである。超音波を用いることで鋭い指向性を持たせることが可能である。パラメトリックスピーカー自体の構成や具体的な形態については、スピーカー分野における先行技術を適宜参照することができる。 The non-contact ocular vibration tonometer (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “toner meter”) of the present invention uses a parametric speaker. The parametric speaker is a speaker that generates a low-frequency sound pressure by nonlinearity that generates sound by amplitude-modulating a signal that drives an ultrasonic sound generating element at a low frequency. It is possible to give sharp directivity by using ultrasonic waves. For the configuration and specific form of the parametric speaker itself, the prior art in the speaker field can be referred to as appropriate.
パラメトリックスピーカーは、典型的には、複数の超音波発音素子が所定の配置を成して構成される。好ましくは、超音波発音素子は、５〜１００Ｈｚの周波数による変調がかけられた３０〜１００ｋＨｚの超音波信号を発することができるように構成されている。上記変調は、より好ましくは、１０〜１００Ｈｚの範囲であり、さらに好ましくは１０〜１００Ｈｚの中の任意の範囲であり、この範囲であれば眼球の固有振動数がカバーされる。超音波信号は、好ましくは３０〜５０ｋＨｚであり、さらに好ましくは、３０〜１００ｋＨｚの中の任意の範囲である。より好ましくは、前記変調における周波数は時間に応じてスイープさせることができるように、超音波発音素子は構成されている。各超音波発音素子は、上記に例示される超音波周波数により駆動される、駆動波には、パラメトリックスピーカーを原理とする上記に例示される周波数での変調が行われる。なお、本発明のためのパラメトリックスピーカーによる可聴音（音波）の発生は、周波数差によるビート音で発生させてもよい。より具体的には、低周波音圧を発生させるために、発音素子群を２つに分け、一方の駆動周波数と他方の周波数に差を持たせ、差により発生するビートにより低周波音圧を生成させることができる。あるいは、振動が音となる時の非線形性によって低周波音（音波）を発生させてもよい。 A parametric speaker is typically configured by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic sound generating elements in a predetermined arrangement. Preferably, the ultrasonic sound generating element is configured to emit an ultrasonic signal of 30 to 100 kHz that is modulated by a frequency of 5 to 100 Hz. The modulation is more preferably in a range of 10 to 100 Hz, and further preferably in an arbitrary range of 10 to 100 Hz. In this range, the natural frequency of the eyeball is covered. An ultrasonic signal becomes like this. Preferably it is 30-50 kHz, More preferably, it is the arbitrary ranges in 30-100 kHz. More preferably, the ultrasonic sound generating element is configured so that the frequency in the modulation can be swept according to time. Each ultrasonic sound generating element is driven by the ultrasonic frequency exemplified above, and the drive wave is modulated at the frequency exemplified above based on the principle of a parametric speaker. In addition, you may generate the audible sound (sound wave) by the parametric speaker for this invention with the beat sound by a frequency difference. More specifically, in order to generate the low frequency sound pressure, the sound generating element group is divided into two, and a difference is generated between one drive frequency and the other frequency, and the low frequency sound pressure is generated by a beat generated by the difference. Can be generated. Alternatively, low frequency sound (sound wave) may be generated by nonlinearity when vibration becomes sound.
好ましくは、複数の超音波発音素子は、被検眼の表面で焦点を結ぶ球面上に配置される。図１は、前記球面の模式図である。球面１０の各部分の垂線は、球の中心点１１に集まる。図２は、超音波発音素子の配置の一例の模式図である。球面上に超音波発音素子２０を、球の内側に出力が向くように配置することで、球の中心部分に焦点が集まり、その中心部分に被検眼２１が位置するようにして、眼圧計を構成することが好ましい。前記球面については、幾何学的に完全な球である必要はなく、被検眼２１に超音波発音素子２０の出力が指向できる程度であればよい。このような構成により、超音波発音素子２０から発せられた音は、被検眼２１の位置に集中して音圧が高まる。そして、例えば、球の中心から５ｍｍ程度よりも離れるとヒトの聴覚では音が聴取できないほどに音圧の指向性を高めることができる。 Preferably, the plurality of ultrasonic sound generating elements are arranged on a spherical surface that is focused on the surface of the eye to be examined. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the spherical surface. The perpendiculars of each part of the spherical surface 10 gather at the center point 11 of the sphere. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the arrangement of the ultrasonic sound generating elements. By placing the ultrasonic sound generating element 20 on the spherical surface so that the output is directed to the inside of the sphere, the focal point is gathered at the central portion of the sphere, and the eye to be examined 21 is positioned at the central portion, so that the tonometer is It is preferable to configure. The spherical surface does not need to be a geometrically perfect sphere as long as the output of the ultrasonic sound generating element 20 can be directed to the eye 21 to be examined. With such a configuration, the sound emitted from the ultrasonic sound generating element 20 is concentrated at the position of the eye 21 to be examined and the sound pressure is increased. For example, if the distance from the center of the sphere is less than about 5 mm, the directivity of the sound pressure can be increased so that the sound cannot be heard by human hearing.
上述の好適態様では、超音波発音素子２０を球面に配置していたが、別の好適態様として、超音波発音素子を平面上に配置し、各発音素子の駆動波形に位相を調整し、中心の素子から離れるにつれて駆動波形を進相させることにより、眼の付近で音圧が高まるようにすることも挙げられる。 In the above preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic sound generating element 20 is arranged on the spherical surface. However, as another preferred embodiment, the ultrasonic sound producing element is arranged on a plane, the phase is adjusted to the drive waveform of each sound producing element, and the center It is also possible to increase the sound pressure in the vicinity of the eye by advancing the drive waveform as the distance from the element increases.
本発明の眼圧計では、パラメトリックスピーカーの使用により、超音波発音素子を駆動する信号を低周波で振幅変調すると、音の発生する非線形性により、低周波音圧（音波）が発生するが、この低周波音圧もまた焦点付近で音圧が高まる。そして、超音波発音素子を上述のように好適に配置することにより、音が指向性をさらに高め、被検眼の表面近傍のみ音圧が高まる。低周波音圧により被検眼を加振すると、被検眼の表面のみに音波を発生させることができ、被験者も周囲の者にも音は聞こえず、不快感を与えないで加振できる。被検眼は、眼圧等の要因にもとづく固有振動数を有しており、与えられた音波信号に対する応答としての振動を発する。よって、本発明の眼圧計では、被検眼の振動データを検出する検出装置を必須の構成として有する。 In the tonometer of the present invention, when a signal for driving an ultrasonic sound generating element is amplitude-modulated at a low frequency by using a parametric speaker, a low-frequency sound pressure (sound wave) is generated due to nonlinearity generated by sound. Low frequency sound pressure also increases near the focal point. Then, by appropriately arranging the ultrasonic sound generating elements as described above, the sound further increases the directivity, and the sound pressure increases only in the vicinity of the surface of the eye to be examined. When the eye to be examined is vibrated with low-frequency sound pressure, sound waves can be generated only on the surface of the eye to be examined, and neither the subject nor the surrounding people can hear sound and can be vibrated without causing discomfort. The eye to be examined has a natural frequency based on factors such as intraocular pressure and emits vibration as a response to a given sound wave signal. Therefore, the tonometer of the present invention has a detection device that detects vibration data of the eye to be examined as an essential configuration.
図３は、本発明の眼圧計の一例の模式配置図である。パラメトリックスピーカー３０から低周波により変調された超音波３３を発し、被検眼３１近傍で発する音波（低周波音圧）により被検眼３１が加振され、その振動（振幅）のデータ３４が検出装置としての超音波センサー３２で検出される。 FIG. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of an example of the tonometer of the present invention. An ultrasonic wave 33 modulated by a low frequency is emitted from a parametric speaker 30, the eye to be examined 31 is vibrated by a sound wave (low frequency sound pressure) generated in the vicinity of the eye to be examined 31, and vibration (amplitude) data 34 is used as a detection device. Are detected by the ultrasonic sensor 32.
図４は、本発明の眼圧計の別の一例の模式配置図である。パラメトリックスピーカー４０から低周波により変調された超音波４４を発し、被検眼４１近傍で発する音波（低周波音圧）により被検眼４１が加振され、その振動（振幅）のデータが検出装置としての光検出器４３で検出される。被検眼４１の振動データの光学的な検出のために、例えば、光源４２から検出用の光４５を被検眼４１に照射して、被検眼４１からの反射光４６を光検出器４３で受光することなどが挙げられる。 FIG. 4 is a schematic layout view of another example of the tonometer of the present invention. An ultrasonic wave 44 modulated by a low frequency is emitted from the parametric speaker 40, the eye 41 is vibrated by a sound wave (low frequency sound pressure) generated in the vicinity of the eye 41, and the vibration (amplitude) data is used as a detection device. It is detected by the photodetector 43. In order to optically detect vibration data of the eye 41 to be examined, for example, the light to be detected 45 is irradiated from the light source 42 to the eye 41 and the reflected light 46 from the eye 41 is received by the photodetector 43. And so on.
上述したように、被検眼の振動データの検出方法は、特に限定なく、超音波検出技術や光学検出技術などを適宜参照することができる。図５は、本発明の眼圧計の構成例の模式図である。図５では、被検眼の振動を超音波で検出する場合の例を示す。ここでは被検眼の振動による表面の変位によって引き起こされる、超音波の伝播時間の進み・遅れを測定し、振動が検出される。発振器においては、超音波に相当する周波数（例：４０ｋＨｚ）の信号が生成される。低周波発振は可聴周波数音源に近い周波数（例：５〜５０Ｈｚ）を発振する。超音波周波数信号は、低周波により変調がかけられ、変調は時間とともにスイープさせる。パラメトリックスピーカーは、変調された超音波周波数にて駆動され、各発音素子は、球面上に配置され、眼の表面付近でのみ低周波音圧（音波）を発生する。低周波音圧は眼を振動させ、その周波数はスイープし、眼の振動は共振点で高まる。被検眼の振動（変位）の計測のために、パラメトリックスピーカーを駆動する周波数より高い周波数を超音波送信器から発生させ、被検眼に当てる。被検眼からの反射を超音波受信器で捉え、検波し、反射時間の変化をアナログ量に変換する。反射時間の変化は被検眼の振動（眼の表面の変位）を含むので、ここから被検眼の振動を求める。その時の極大値となる周波数Ｆと振幅Ａを記録（複数）する。その中で最大値となった周波数Ｆｘと振幅Ａｘを求め、これを被検眼の振動データとして眼圧算出のために以後の処理に供される。 As described above, the detection method of the vibration data of the eye to be examined is not particularly limited, and an ultrasonic detection technique, an optical detection technique, and the like can be referred to as appropriate. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a configuration example of the tonometer of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the vibration of the eye to be examined is detected with ultrasonic waves. Here, the advance / delay of the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave caused by the displacement of the surface due to the vibration of the eye to be examined is measured, and the vibration is detected. In the oscillator, a signal having a frequency (for example, 40 kHz) corresponding to an ultrasonic wave is generated. Low frequency oscillation oscillates at a frequency close to an audible frequency sound source (eg, 5 to 50 Hz). The ultrasonic frequency signal is modulated by a low frequency, and the modulation is swept with time. The parametric speaker is driven at a modulated ultrasonic frequency, and each sounding element is disposed on a spherical surface and generates a low frequency sound pressure (sound wave) only near the surface of the eye. Low frequency sound pressure causes the eye to vibrate, its frequency sweeps, and eye vibration increases at the resonance point. In order to measure the vibration (displacement) of the eye to be examined, a frequency higher than the frequency for driving the parametric speaker is generated from the ultrasonic transmitter and applied to the eye to be examined. The reflection from the eye to be examined is captured by an ultrasonic receiver and detected, and the change in reflection time is converted into an analog amount. Since the change in the reflection time includes the vibration of the eye to be examined (displacement of the surface of the eye), the vibration of the eye to be examined is obtained from here. The frequency F and the amplitude A that are maximum values at that time are recorded (plural). Among them, the frequency Fx and the amplitude Ax having the maximum values are obtained, and these are used as the vibration data of the eye to be examined for subsequent processing for calculating intraocular pressure.
検出された被検眼の振動データから、被検眼の眼圧が算出される。本発明の眼圧計には、被検眼の振動データから被検眼の眼圧を算出する処理装置が備えられる。眼圧の算出は、上記得られた振動データから被検眼の眼球の固有振動数を求め、その振動数から、眼球の内圧である眼圧を求めることが基本的な処理である。 The intraocular pressure of the eye to be examined is calculated from the detected vibration data of the eye to be examined. The tonometer of the present invention includes a processing device that calculates intraocular pressure of the eye to be examined from vibration data of the eye to be examined. The calculation of the intraocular pressure is basically performed by obtaining the natural frequency of the eyeball of the eye to be examined from the obtained vibration data and obtaining the intraocular pressure that is the internal pressure of the eyeball from the vibration frequency.
図６は、本発明で用いる信号のタイミングの一例の模式図である。図面中に記載される数値は具体例であり、本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。被検眼の振動を超音波で検出する場合の各部の信号のタイミングを示す。反射して帰ってくる受信波が検波され、受信波の遅れはサンプルホールドのタイミングを変化させ、サンプルホールド値の変化となり、被検眼の振動を反映する。かくして、被検眼の振動が検出される。被検眼は低周波で加振され、加振周波数はスイープされるので、そのいずれかの周波数で被検眼の共振点と一致すると振動の振幅が増大する。例えば、統計的に作成された眼球固有振動数・対・圧力の関係式から眼圧値を求めることができる。なお、図６においては、被検眼の振動は、全波整流された図となっている。 FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an example of signal timing used in the present invention. The numerical values described in the drawings are specific examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention. The timing of the signal of each part in the case of detecting the vibration of the eye to be examined with ultrasonic waves is shown. The reflected wave that is reflected and returned is detected, and the delay of the received wave changes the timing of the sample and hold, changes the sample and hold value, and reflects the vibration of the eye to be examined. Thus, the vibration of the eye to be examined is detected. Since the eye to be examined is vibrated at a low frequency and the vibration frequency is swept, the amplitude of vibration increases when it coincides with the resonance point of the eye to be examined at any frequency. For example, the intraocular pressure value can be obtained from a statistically generated relational expression of the natural frequency of the eyeball and the pressure. In FIG. 6, the vibration of the eye to be examined is a full-wave rectified diagram.
本発明の眼圧計には、個体差補正の為、ＯＣＴや角膜厚さ計、眼軸長計とデータリンクが可能となるように構成されていてもよい。 The tonometer of the present invention may be configured to enable data link with OCT, a corneal thickness meter, and an axial length meter for individual difference correction.
本発明によれば、完全な非接触であり、被験者や測定者などが騒音を聴覚で関知することなく測定ができ、被検眼の周囲の振動の影響が極小化されて被検眼の振動のデータを高精度に検出でき、眼圧測定がより手軽かつ高性能になることが期待される。 According to the present invention, it is completely non-contact, and a subject, a measurer, or the like can perform measurement without hearing the noise and the influence of vibration around the eye to be examined is minimized, and vibration data of the eye to be examined is obtained. Can be detected with high accuracy, and intraocular pressure measurement is expected to be easier and higher performance.
１０ 球面 １１ 中心
２０ 超音波発音素子 ２１、３１、４１ 被検眼
３０、４０ パラメトリックスピーカー ３２ 超音波センサー
３３、４４ 超音波 ３４ 振動データ
４２ 光源 ４３ 光検出器
４５、４６ 光
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Spherical surface 11 Center 20 Ultrasonic sound generating element 21, 31, 41 Eye to be examined 30, 40 Parametric speaker 32 Ultrasonic sensor 33, 44 Ultrasound 34 Vibration data 42 Light source 43 Photo detector 45, 46 Light
Claims (5)
パラメトリックスピーカーからの音波に対する被検眼の振動データを検出する検出装置と、
上記被検眼の振動データから被検眼の眼圧を算出する処理装置と、
を備える非接触眼球加振式眼圧計。 A parametric speaker configured to direct sound waves to the surface of the eye to be examined;
A detection device for detecting vibration data of an eye to be examined with respect to sound waves from a parametric speaker;
A processing device for calculating the intraocular pressure of the eye to be examined from the vibration data of the eye to be examined;
A non-contact ocular vibrating tonometer.
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