JP2015089534A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent leakage of a fluid and a solid matter from a portion for pivotally supporting a rotary shaft of a rotary cutter in a rotary type crusher which crushes a solid matter in a liquid by rotating a pair of rotary cutters.SOLUTION: A rotary type crusher includes a pair of rotary cutters, which is configured in such a manner that crush blades, each of which has a projection-shaped cutting part on an outer periphery and has an opening into which the rotary shaft is fitted at a center, are overlapped in an axial direction of the rotary shaft, and crushes a solid matter in a fluid by rotating respective rotary cutters inwards in a circumferential direction. In the crusher, the rotary cutter has a configuration such that the cutter has on both of one end side and the other side of the rotary shaft a region in which the crush blades are overlapped to be so arranged that a position of the projection-shaped cutting part is extended to circumferential direction outer side as approaching a center in an axial direction.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotary crushing apparatus that crushes solids in a fluid with a pair of rotary cutters.

  For example, a crushing apparatus for crushing impurities contained in water to be treated is disposed at an appropriate place in water and sewerage and various wastewater treatment facilities. The crushing device arranged in the facility has a role to prevent breakage of equipment such as a pump and clogging of piping in advance by finely crushing impurities such as cloth, rubber, wood pieces, and plastics.

  As a crushing apparatus adopted for water treatment, a biaxial rotary crushing apparatus is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 4). The biaxial rotary crusher has a pair of rotary cutters arranged in the middle of the flow path of the water to be treated, and the rotary cutters are rotated in the reverse direction relative to each other (rotated inward in the circumferential direction). The material is sheared and crushed while being drawn and sent downstream. Each of the rotary cutters is configured by laminating a plurality of crushing blades, each having a protruding blade portion formed on the outer periphery, in the axial direction of the rotary shaft.

  The rotating shaft of the rotary cutter is pivotally supported at both ends by a bearing mechanism such as a bearing disposed at the upper and lower portions of the casing, and is further axially sealed by a sealing mechanism such as a mechanical seal.

JP 2007-69121 A JP-A-11-29919 JP 2010-51906 A JP 2010-279859 A

  However, there are cases in which sludge leakage from shaft seals is reported at the site of a water treatment facility. There are two types of crushing devices: an in-line type connected to a pipe through which sludge to be treated flows and an in-channel type arranged in a water channel. Leakage tends to occur in the in-line type crushing device. Even if sludge leaks from the shaft seal, it does not affect the operation of the device itself, but it is not preferable because it may cause the bearing mechanism and gear to rust.

  The present inventors have investigated the cause of sludge leakage from the upper shaft seal, which is difficult to leak due to the structure of the device, and found that the arrangement of the blade portions of the crushing blades stacked in the axial direction. I found that there was a cause of leakage.

  That is, for example, as in a general crushing device disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4, just by arranging the blades in the circumferential direction and the axial direction, the rotation cutter has a specific gravity difference between water and impurities. The area | region which crushes a contaminant may be biased to the lower part side. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, the crushing apparatus handled by the present inventors is an array (so-called V-shaped) in which the position of the protruding blade portion is expanded outward in the circumferential direction from the lower side toward the upper side. In the shape of the shape). For ease of understanding of the arrangement, a part of the blade portion is blacked out in FIG. If arranged in this way, it can be crushed while pushing up the impurities upward. However, the arrangement in a V-shape presses the sludge toward the shaft seal on the upper side, causing the shaft seal to break and causing the sludge to leak.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems mentioned as an example, and its purpose is to rotate in a rotary crushing apparatus that crushes solid matter in a fluid by rotating a pair of rotary cutters. The object is to prevent fluid and solid matter from leaking from the portion supporting the rotating shaft of the cutter.

(1) A crushing device of the present invention has a casing installed in the middle of a fluid flow path, a pair of rotating shafts supported by a bearing mechanism disposed in the casing, and a protruding blade on the outer periphery. And a pair of rotary cutters in which crushing blades having an opening penetrating the rotary shaft in the center are stacked in the axial direction of the rotary shaft, and a drive device for rotating the rotary shaft, A rotary crushing device that crushes solids in a fluid flowing in the casing by rotating the rotary cutters inward in the circumferential direction, and the rotary cutter has a protruding blade toward the center in the axial direction. It has the area | region which piled up the crushing blade so that it might become the arrangement | sequence which the position of a part spreads in the circumferential direction outward, and has both the one end side and the other end side of the said rotating shaft.
(2) The rotary cutter has a first region in an array in which the position of the protruding blade portion extends outward in the circumferential direction from one end side toward the axial center, and from the other end side to the axial center. The projecting blade portion is composed of two regions of the second region of the array that extends outward in the circumferential direction, and the boundary between the first region and the second region is one of the length of the rotary cutter. It is preferably located within the range of / 4 to 3/4.
(3) The rotating cutter has a first region in an array in which the position of the protruding blade portion extends outward in the circumferential direction from one end side toward the axial center, and from the other end side to the axial center. The second region of the array in which the position of the protruding blade portion extends outward in the circumferential direction, and the position of the protruding blade portion arranged between the first region and the second region and toward the axial center. Can include a third region of an array that narrows inwardly in the circumferential direction.
(4) The rotary cutter may include a crushing blade in which two or more sheets are stacked with the positions of the protruding blade portions aligned.
(5) The casing is, for example, a sealed casing connected in the middle of a pipe through which a fluid flows.

  According to the crushing device of the present invention, the region where the crushing blades are stacked so that the positions of the protruding blade portions expand outward in the circumferential direction toward the center in the axial direction is used as one end of the pair of rotating shafts. By having the structure which has both the side and the other end side, the solid matter in the fluid can be crushed while being pushed toward the center in the axial direction. Therefore, the solid matter in the fluid is not pressed against the portion that supports the rotating shaft of the rotary cutter, and the fluid and the solid matter can be prevented from leaking from the portion that supports the rotating shaft.

It is a side view of the crushing device according to a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the said crushing apparatus. The crushing blade which comprises the rotary cutter of the said crushing apparatus is shown. It is a perspective view which shows the arrangement | sequence of the said crushing blade stacking | stacking. It is a figure explaining the procedure of stacking of the said crushing blade. It is a figure which shows the modification of the shape of the said crushing blade. It is a figure which shows the modification of the arrangement | sequence of the stacking of the said crushing blade. It is sectional drawing of the crushing apparatus according to 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the crushing apparatus according to 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the solution subject of this invention.

  Hereinafter, a crushing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not construed as being limited by the embodiments described below.

  The crushing apparatus described in the following embodiment includes, as an example, a water treatment facility, a sewage treatment facility, a general wastewater treatment facility, an industrial wastewater treatment facility, various industrial wastewater treatment facilities, a human waste treatment facility, a waste treatment facility, and a general industrial waste disposal It can be installed in a waste disposal facility. The fluid to be treated varies from facility to facility and is not particularly limited. As an example, a crushing apparatus employed in a sewage treatment facility is disposed at an appropriate place in the facility, and sewage and sludge are treated fluids. The sewage and sludge contain various kinds of foreign matters such as garbage and hair.

(First embodiment)
In the present embodiment, an inline-type crushing apparatus 1 connected in the middle of a pipe through which a fluid flows will be described. FIG. 1 is a side view of the crushing device 1, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view viewed from the front side of the crushing device 1. The inline-type crushing apparatus 1 includes a sealed casing 10. The casing 10 includes a rectangular main body portion 11 formed in a frame shape whose front and back surfaces are open, and housings 12 and 13 connected to the front surface side and the back surface side of the main body portion 11, respectively. A fluid supply port to be processed is formed in the front housing 12, and a fluid discharge port is formed in the rear housing 13. The fluid to be processed is mainly a liquid such as water. Each of the supply port and the discharge port is provided with a flange 14 as a pipe joint for connecting the pipe P through which the fluid flows and the casing 10. Note that a pipe joint in place of the flange 14 may be employed.

  As shown in the sectional view of FIG. 2, the rectangular main body 11 has a pair of rotary cutters 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B arranged in an internal space (process space). Bearing mechanisms 21A and 21B are disposed on the upper surface and the bottom surface of the main body 11, respectively, and support one end side and the other end side of each of the rotation shafts 22A and 22B of the rotary cutters 2A and 2B. Thereby, the rotary cutters 2A and 2B can rotate around the vertical axis in the process space. The type of the bearing mechanism is not particularly limited, and various bearings can be employed, for example.

  Further, seal mechanisms 23A and 23B are respectively disposed on the upper surface portion and the bottom surface portion of the main body 11, and one end side and the other end side of each of the rotation shafts 22A and 22B are axially sealed. The seal mechanism is disposed closer to the process space than the bearing mechanisms 21A and 21B, and prevents fluid from leaking from the process space to the bearing mechanisms 21A and 21B. In this embodiment, mechanical seals are employed for the seal mechanisms 23A and 23B, but the present invention is not limited to mechanical seals, and other types of seal mechanisms may be employed. It is preferable to select the type of the sealing mechanisms 23A and 23B to be employed according to the properties of the fluid to be processed.

  Upper end portions of the rotary shafts 22A and 22B extend above the bearing mechanisms 21A and 21B, and gear-like gears 24A and 24B are provided in the extended portions. The rotary shafts 22A and 22B are arranged so that the gears mesh with each other. Further, a drive device 3 as a drive source for rotating the rotary shafts 22A and 22B is disposed above the main body 11. The drive device 3 can include, for example, an electric drive motor and a speed reducer for adjusting the rotation speed. The drive device 3 is coupled to one of the pair of rotating shafts 22A and 22B. In other words, when one of the rotating shafts 22A is rotated by the drive device 3, the other rotating shaft 22B is driven to reversely rotate through the gears 24A and 24B. The pair of rotating shafts 22A and 22B may be rotated at the same speed, or may be rotated with a relative speed difference by changing a gear ratio.

  The rotary cutters 2A and 2B include rotary shafts 22A and 22B that are rotated around the vertical axis in the internal space of the frame-shaped main body 11, and a plurality of crushing blades 4A that are stacked in the axial direction of the rotary shaft. , 4B and spacers 41A, 41B interposed between the upper and lower crushing blades. The spacers 41A and 41B are provided to form a gap between the upper and lower crushing blades and to engage the crushing blade of the other rotary cutter in this gap.

  Next, the crushing blades 4A and 4B and the spacers 41A and 41B will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The crushing blades 4A and 4B are, for example, metal cutters having a generally disk shape. A plurality of protruding blade portions 42A and 42B are provided on the outer periphery of the crushing blades 4A and 4B. FIG. 3 shows crushing blades 4A and 4B in which eleven protruding blade portions 42A and 42B are formed on the outer periphery as an example. A plurality of crushing blades 4A (4B) constituting the rotary cutter 2A (2B) can use a common product having the same shape. The crushing blade 4A has a cam shape capable of crushing solid matter when rotated in one direction (clockwise in the figure). On the other hand, the crushing blade 4B has a cam shape that can crush solid matter when rotated counterclockwise. The material of the cutter is not limited. Further, the blade portions 42A and 42B may not be integrally molded and may be detachable.

  Furthermore, the crushing blades 4A and 4B are formed with openings 43A and 43B in the center for penetrating the rotary shafts 22A and 22B. In FIG. 3, the openings 43A and 43B are formed in a regular hexagon as an example. When these crushing blades 4A and 4B are used, the rotary shafts 22A and 22B also need to be formed in a regular hexagonal cross section. The spacers 41A and 41B are ring members having a circular outer periphery, and openings 43A and 43B for penetrating the rotary shafts 22A and 22B are formed in the center as in the crushing blades 4A and 4B.

  The eleven cam-shaped blade portions 42A (42B) are equally distributed in the circumferential direction (that is, arranged at intervals of about 33 degrees), one of which is the apex of the regular hexagonal opening 43A (43B). It arrange | positions so that it may become a position (same phase) corresponding to. The crushing blade 4A (4B) is provided with a mark M for confirming the position of the blade portion, which will be described later in detail, but is used when the crushing blade 4A (4B) is attached to the rotary shaft 22A (22B). To do. In addition, the shape and number of the protruding blade portions 42A (42B) are not limited, and can be appropriately changed according to, for example, the type of fluid to be processed and the solid matter to be crushed.

  Next, the arrangement of the crushing blades 4A and 4B will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 is a view of the state in which the crushing blades 4A and 4B shown in FIG. 3 are attached to the rotary shafts 22A and 22B, as viewed from the upstream side of the fluid flow (that is, the front side of the casing 10).

  As shown in FIG. 4, the rotary cutters 2 </ b> A and 2 </ b> B of the present embodiment include a first region 44 in an array in which the positions of the blade portions 42 </ b> A and 42 </ b> B expand outward in the circumferential direction from the upper side toward the center in the axial direction. The blade portions 42A and 42B are configured by a second region 45 in an array in which the positions of the blade portions 42A and 42B expand outward in the circumferential direction from the lower side toward the center in the axial direction. The boundary between the first region 44 and the second region 45 is located at the center of the length of the rotary cutter 2A (2B). That is, in the first region 44 and the second region 45, the arrangement of the blade portions 42A (42B) is vertically symmetric. Furthermore, between the rotary cutters 2A and 2B, the arrangement of the blade portions 42A and 42B is symmetrical (strictly, there is a one-stage deviation). As a result, in the rotary cutters 2A and 2B of this embodiment, the arrangement of the blade portions 42A and 42B draws a diamond-shaped trajectory. For ease of understanding the arrangement, FIG. 4 shows a portion of the blade portions 42A and 42B painted black.

  For example, when the crushing blades 4A and 4B and the spacers 41A and 41B are alternately stacked from the bottom side, the arrangement of the crushing blades 4A and 4B is changed by 60 degrees as illustrated in FIG. realizable. In this embodiment, since the cross section of the rotating shaft 22A (22B) is formed in a regular hexagon, the mounting angle can be changed by 60 degrees if the mark M is positioned at the adjacent corner. When the crushing blades 4A and 4B having blade portions formed at intervals of about 33 degrees in the circumferential direction are stacked with the phase shifted inward by 60 degrees in the circumferential direction, the upper crushing blade 4A as shown in FIG. 5B. The phase of the blade portion 42A (42B) of (4B) is shifted about 6 degrees outward in the circumferential direction with respect to the blade portion of the lower crushing blade.

  Therefore, the first half of the crushing blade 4A (4B) to be attached is attached to the lower crushing blade by 60 degrees inward in the circumferential direction, and the remaining half is 60 degrees in the opposite circumferential outward direction. By arranging the phases out of phase, an arrangement that draws a diamond-shaped orbit as shown in FIG. 4 can be realized.

  According to the crushing device 1 in which the crushing blades 4A and 4B are arranged as described above, when the solid contained in the fluid to be processed is sheared and crushed, in the second region 45, an action of pushing up the solid is added, In the first region 44, an action of pushing the solid material downward is added. Therefore, the solid matter can be crushed while pushing the solid matter in the fluid toward the axial center. As a result, the solid material is not pressed against the seal mechanisms 23A and 23B on the upper side, and it is possible to prevent the shaft seal from being broken and fluid or solid material from leaking. The advantage of the present invention is that the problem can be solved by simply changing the stacking arrangement of the crushing blades 4A and 4B without modifying the existing apparatus configuration. Actually, in the sewage treatment facility, for the crushing apparatus 1 for which sludge leakage was reported from the upper seal mechanisms 23A and 23B, the arrangement of the crushing blades 4A and 4B was changed from V-shaped to diamond-shaped. However, it has been confirmed that the sludge has stopped leaking.

  In addition, the shape of the crushing blade is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 3, and crushing blades having various shapes as shown in FIG. 6 can be employed. Further, in the crushing blades 4A and 4B shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 6, the shapes of the openings 43A and 43B penetrating the rotating shafts 22A and 22B are regular hexagons, but are not limited to regular hexagons. The polygonal shape can be obtained. As described above, the magnitude of the phase shift between the upper and lower blade portions 42A and 42B is determined by the combination of the number of blade portions 42A and 42B and the shape (number of corners) of the central opening. Therefore, by appropriately changing the combination of the number of blade portions 42A and 42B and the shape (number of corners) of the central opening, it is possible to adjust the magnitude of the phase shift between the upper and lower blade portions 42A and 42B. It is.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the first region 44 and the second region 45 are vertically symmetric, and the boundary is located at the center of the length of the rotary cutter 2A (2B). It may be changed in the length direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the position of the boundary may be moved upward to make the second region 45 longer than the first region 44. Conversely, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), The second region 45 may be made shorter than the first region 44 by moving the boundary position downward. The position of the boundary can be set within a range of 1/4 to 3/4 of the length of the rotary cutters 2A and 2B. As described above, the magnitude of the phase shift between the blade portions 42A and 42B can be adjusted by the number of blade portions 42A and 42B.

  Furthermore, as shown in an example in FIG. 7C, the positions of the blade portions 42A and 42B are narrowed inward in the circumferential direction between the first region 44 and the second region 45 toward the center in the axial direction. A third region 46 of the arrangement may be provided. Depending on the length of the rotary shafts 22A and 22B, a support member may be added to prevent the rotary shafts 22A and 22B from opening left and right due to a load during crushing. FIG. 7C shows an example in which a support member 47 is arranged in the center of the lengths of the rotary cutters 2A and 2B and arranged in a diamond shape of two stages on the upper and lower sides with the support member 47 as a boundary. The support member 47 is not necessarily added. In addition, about the 3rd area | region 46, it replaces with the arrangement | sequence which the position of blade part 42A, 42B narrows in the circumferential direction inward, for example, just a blade part like the well-known crushing apparatus currently disclosed by patent documents 1-4. May be just scattered.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, the second embodiment will be described. This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that two crushing blades 4A (4B) are stacked in the same direction. That is, in the first embodiment, the crushing blades 4A (4B) and the spacers 41A (41B) are alternately stacked one by one, but in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Two sheets of spacers 41A (41B) are continuously stacked in the same manner. Two crushing blades 41A (41B) that are stacked are attached with the positions of the blade portions 42A and 42B being the same. Then, the crushing blades (two stacked) positioned in the upper stage via the spacers 41A (41B) are attached at different angles as illustrated in FIG. Even if it is such a structure, the effect similar to the above-mentioned embodiment can be acquired. Three or more crushing blades 4A (4B) may be stacked.

  Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the passage area of the sludge can be increased by overlapping the crushing blades 4A (4B), and even if a large amount of sludge flows into the casing 10 instantaneously. It is possible to suppress the sludge from being pressed against the seal mechanisms 23A and 23B, and it is possible to prevent the shaft seal from being broken and the fluid and solid matter from leaking. In addition, also in the structure of 1st Embodiment, if the thickness of the crushing blade and spacer itself is increased, the effect equivalent to 2nd Embodiment can be acquired. However, it is necessary to newly manufacture a crushing blade and a spacer. That is, this embodiment is also advantageous in that the problem can be solved by simply changing the stacking arrangement of the crushing blades 4A and 4B without modifying the existing apparatus configuration.

(Third embodiment)
In the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, the inline-type crushing apparatus 1 connected in the middle of a pipe through which a fluid flows has been described. As described above, the crushing apparatus 1 includes an in-line type connected to a pipe through which sludge to be treated flows and an in-channel type arranged in a water channel. The crushing device 1 of this embodiment is an in-channel crushing device. However, the in-channel crushing apparatus 1 is the same as the first embodiment and the second embodiment except that the housings 12 and 13 are not provided as shown in the side view of FIG. Therefore, even if it is an in-channel type, the same effect as the above-mentioned embodiment can be acquired. Note that the in-channel crushing apparatus can be provided together with a screening apparatus as exemplified in Patent Documents 1 to 4, for example. The cleaning device can also be disposed in the internal space (process space) of the casing 10.

  Moreover, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the crushing apparatus which has arrange | positioned a pair of rotary cutter 2A, 2B in the casing 10, a crushing apparatus can also be set as the structure provided with two or more pairs of rotary cutter 2A, 2B. it can.

  Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, various substitutions, modifications, changes, etc. in form and detail are defined in the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this can be done without departing from the spirit and scope. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but should be determined based on the description of the claims and equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crushing device 10 Casing 2A, 2B Rotating cutter 22A, 22B Rotating shaft 21A, 21B Bearing mechanism 23A, 23B Sealing mechanism 3 Drive device 4A, 4B Crushing blade 42A, 42B Blade part

Claims (5)

A casing installed in the middle of the fluid flow path;
A pair of rotating shafts pivotally supported by a bearing mechanism disposed in the casing;
A pair of rotary cutters, each having a protruding blade portion on the outer periphery, and a crushing blade having an opening penetrating the rotary shaft at the center, stacked in the axial direction of the rotary shaft;
A rotary crushing device that crushes solid matter in the fluid flowing in the casing by rotating the pair of rotary cutters inward in the circumferential direction, the driving device rotating the rotating shaft,
The rotary cutter has a region in which the crushing blades are stacked so that the positions of the protruding blade portions expand outward in the circumferential direction toward the axial center, one end side and the other end side of the rotary shaft The crushing apparatus characterized by having in both. The rotary cutter has a first region in an array in which the position of the protruding blade portion expands outward in the circumferential direction from one end side toward the axial center, and a protruding shape from the other end side toward the axial center. It is composed of two regions of the second region of the array in which the position of the blade portion expands outward in the circumferential direction,
The crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a boundary between the first region and the second region is located within a range of ¼ to ¾ of a length of the rotary cutter. The rotary cutter is
A first region of an array in which the position of the protruding blade portion extends outward in the circumferential direction from one end side toward the axial center;
A second region of an array in which the position of the protruding blade portion extends outward in the circumferential direction from the other end side toward the center in the axial direction;
It is arrange | positioned between the said 1st area | region and 2nd area | region, The 3rd area | region of the arrangement | sequence which the position of a protrusion-shaped blade part becomes narrow inward in the circumferential direction as it goes to an axial direction center is included, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The crushing apparatus according to 1.   The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotary cutter includes a crushing blade in which two or more overlapping blades are aligned at the position of the protruding blade portion. The crushing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the casing is a sealed casing connected in the middle of a pipe through which a fluid flows.

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