JP2015083994A - Cell analysis device and cell analysis method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To extremely easily and highly accurately analyze the malignancy of cancer.SOLUTION: A cell analysis device includes: a measuring part which measures nucleus-colored cells; a display part which displays a histogram of fluorescence intensity using a result of the measuring part; determination means which determines the total number of a strong area cell distributed in an area of stronger fluorescence intensity than normal cells from data of the histogram, determines the total number of a weak area cell distributed in an area of weaker fluorescence intensity than the normal cells, and determines the malignancy of cancer on the basis of at least either of the total number of the weak area cells and the total number of the strong area cells, and the number of all cells.

Description

  The present invention relates to a cell analysis device and a cell analysis method.

  Conventionally, pathological diagnosis using a tissue section is performed by a cytologist or a pathologist after preparing a pathological specimen.

  Skilled techniques are necessary for specimen preparation and diagnosis by cytologists and pathologists, and there is also a risk that differences in the diagnosis results due to differences in techniques. In addition, procedures such as tissue fixation, section preparation, and staining are required from the removal of the tissue to the diagnosis, and the cytologist or the like is restrained for a certain period of time. For this reason, it is required to automate procedures up to diagnosis.

  In addition, it is also necessary to determine whether the tissue removed during surgery is a tumor or normal tissue, depending on the tumor site and surgical procedure, and rapid diagnosis by cytodiagnosis and frozen sections is performed, but compared with normal pathological diagnosis Therefore, more advanced technology and diagnostic accuracy are required.

  In addition, it would be very useful for a pathologist to have a device that can automatically and more objectively perform rapid cancer cell diagnosis of a solid tissue that has been removed for a certain period of time during surgery. Furthermore, analysis of tumor stump tissue leads to analysis of whole cells in the tissue, which could only be diagnosed in one section by rapid pathological diagnosis. It is desired.

  Therefore, conventionally, by using flow cytometry, fluorescence is detected from the measurement sample flowing through the flow cell, and a value that reflects the size of the measurement target cell and a value that reflects the size of the nucleus of the measurement target cell. Based on the above, there is known a cell analyzer that determines an abnormality of a measurement target cell (see Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-103687 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the current situation in the field of pathological diagnosis as described above, and its purpose is to apply a measurement result by a flow cytometer to perform cancer malignancy analysis with high accuracy and high accuracy. It is an object to provide a cell analysis device and a cell analysis method that can be performed.

  The cell analysis apparatus according to the present invention includes a measurement unit that measures cells stained with cell nuclei, a display unit that displays a histogram of fluorescence intensity using the result of the measurement unit, and data of the histogram. Obtain the total number of strong area cells distributed in areas with strong fluorescence intensity and obtain the total number of weak area cells distributed in areas with weaker fluorescence intensity than normal cells, the total number of strong area cells, the total number of weak area cells and Determining means for determining the malignancy of cancer based on at least one of the total number of cells (excluding the ratio of the total number of the strong region cells to the total number of cells).

  In the cell analyzer according to the present invention, the malignancy of cancer is determined based on the ratio of the total number of the strong region cells and the total number of the weak region cells.

  In the cell analysis device according to the present invention, the determining means combines the total number of the strong region cells, the total number of the weak region cells, and the total cell number, and calculates the total cell number minus the total number of the weak region cells + the strong cell. The total number of area cells) is calculated, and the malignancy of the cancer is determined based on the ratio between the total number of the strong area cells and (Equation 1).

  The cell analysis method according to the present invention includes a step of measuring a cell nucleus-stained cell to obtain a fluorescence intensity histogram, a step of detecting a normal cell peak from the histogram data, and a fluorescence intensity higher than the peak. Determining the total number of strong region cells distributed in a strong region and determining the total number of weak region cells distributed in a region having a fluorescence intensity weaker than that of normal cells, and the total number of strong region cells, the total number of weak region cells, and A determination step of determining a malignancy of cancer based on at least one of the total cell numbers (excluding the ratio of the total number of the strong region cells and the total cell number).

  In the cell analysis method according to the present invention, the malignancy of cancer is determined based on the ratio of the total number of strong region cells and the total number of weak region cells.

  In the cell analysis method according to the present invention, in the determination step, the total number of the strong region cells, the total number of the weak region cells, and the total number of cells are combined to obtain a difference (Equation 1) = total cell number− (the weak region cell). The total number of the strong region cells) is calculated, and the malignancy of the cancer is determined based on the ratio between the total number of the strong region cells and (Equation 1).

  According to the present invention, based on at least one of the total number of the strong region cells, the total number of the weak region cells, and the total cell number (excluding the ratio of the total number of the strong region cells and the total cell number), Since the grade of malignancy is determined, it is possible to easily analyze the grade of malignancy of the cancer using the results obtained by the flow cytometer.

1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a diagnostic system that performs analysis by a method according to the present invention. The side view which shows the cell isolation apparatus used for all the stages of the analysis by the apparatus based on this invention. The principal part sectional drawing of the cell isolation instrument used for all the steps of the analysis by the apparatus based on this invention. The assembly perspective view which shows the cell isolation instrument used for all the steps of the analysis by the apparatus based on this invention. The perspective view which shows the process of the tissue uptake | capture of the cell isolation instrument used for all the steps of the analysis by the apparatus based on this invention. The process figure which shows the cell suspension production | generation process using the cell isolation apparatus used for all the stages of the analysis by the apparatus based on this invention. The figure which shows an example of the histogram of the fluorescence intensity by a flow cytometer. The flowchart for demonstrating the operation | movement by embodiment of the cell analyzer which concerns on this invention. The figure which shows the threshold used in embodiment of the cell analyzer which concerns on this invention. The figure which plotted the cancer malignancy analysis result by pathological diagnosis. The figure which calculated | required and showed the average value and the standard deviation about FIG. The figure shown with the boundary line of a threshold about FIG. The figure which shows the contrast of the result of a pathological diagnosis, and the analysis result by embodiment of the cell analyzer which concerns on this invention.

  Embodiments of a cancer cell analysis apparatus and method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each figure, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. FIG. 1 shows a diagnostic system 1 configured using a cell isolation device 2 and a cancer malignancy analysis device 4 according to an embodiment of the cell analysis device of the present invention. The malignancy analysis apparatus 4 includes a flow cytometer 6 and a computer 7. Needless to say, the flow cytometer 6 may have the function of the computer 7 without using separate devices. As shown in FIG. 2, the cell isolation device 2 is set in the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 in a state of being inserted into a container 20 for containing a reagent.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the cell isolation device 2 includes a resinous cylinder 21 that is transparent or translucent and does not react with a reagent, and a bottom lid 31. The cylindrical body 21 has a thick band portion 22 on the upper side, and the outer diameter of the thick band portion 22 is substantially the same as the inner diameter of a container 20 such as a test tube into which a reagent is placed. Inserted in contact with the inner wall.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, knobs 23 and 24 are provided on the outer wall of the thick band portion 22 of the cylindrical body 21 at symmetrical positions across the diameter of the cylindrical body 21. Between the handle 23 and the thick band portion 22, a holding groove 23 a is formed in which the end 20 a of the opening in the container 20 enters and is held. This pinching groove 23a functions as a fitting portion for confirming the mounting posture of the cell isolation device 2 fitted to the container 20.

  The handle 24 has a shape different from that of the handle 23, and the cell isolation device 2 inserted into the container 20 has, for example, the handle 24 inserted into the fixing hole 51 of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5. Set. The fixing hole 51 is provided with a sensor such as a photo interrupter or a proximity switch. The sensor sends a signal for detecting whether or not the handle 24 is properly inserted to the control unit, and the control unit generates an alarm when it is inappropriate. For this reason, the handle 24 and the handle 23 can prevent the cell isolation device 2 from being erroneously set with respect to the automatic cell pretreatment device 5.

  The lower end portion of the cylindrical body 21 is a sleeve end portion 25 having a slightly small diameter, and has a shape cut by an inclined surface. A net 26 is stretched on the inclined surface of the sleeve end 25 in the cylindrical body 21. The net 26 is made of, for example, resin or metal, has a roughness of, for example, 40 μm diameter, and is stretched on the inclined surface of the sleeve end 25 by a welder or the like.

  When the handle 24 is set in the fixing hole 51 of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5, the lowest part of the net 26 is located on the near side, and the nozzle 54 of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 shown in FIG. 1 is lowered. Then, the tip of the nozzle 54 is close to the lowest part of the net 26. The nozzle 54 is formed with a slit 54a in the longitudinal direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) from the tip thereof, and when pipetting is described later, the micronized tissue clogs the nozzle 54 and hinders pipetting. The tip of the nozzle is formed with a notch so as to prevent malfunctions.

  A spoon 27 serving as a tissue acquisition unit is formed to protrude from the lowermost end of the sleeve end 25. The spoon 27 includes a handle portion 27a that extends straight downward from the sleeve end portion 25, and a scraping portion 27b that is bent to the inner diameter side of the cylindrical body 21 at a substantially right angle from the tip of the handle portion 27a. The central portion 27bb is formed in a concave container shape, and has a shape that facilitates work when scraping the tissue and holding the scraped tissue. The tissue acquisition means is not limited to a spoon shape as long as such requirements are satisfied.

  A hole 28 for venting air is formed in the outer wall immediately below the thick band portion 22 of the cylindrical body 21, and the gap between the cylindrical body 21 and the container 20 is stored when the liquid is stored from the bottom side. The air existing in 29 escapes from the upper opening of the cylinder 21 through the hole 28. For this reason, an appropriate pipetting process is ensured.

  The bottom cover 31 is a bottomed tube constituted by a cylindrical main body 32 and a hemispherical shell 33. The opening end portion 34 of the main body portion 32 is an inclined surface that matches the inclined surface of the sleeve end portion 25 in the cylindrical body 21. The inner wall portion 35 of the open end portion 34 is a thin inner wall into which the sleeve end portion 25 of the cylindrical body 21 is inserted.

  On the upper side and the lower side of the main body 32, holes 36 and 37 for connecting the inside and the outside are formed, respectively. The holes 36 and 37 connect the inside and the outside even when the sleeve end portion 25 of the cylinder 21 is inserted into the bottom lid portion 31, and the liquid flowing into the main body portion 32 flows out into the gap 29 between the cylinder 21 and the container 20. In addition, in the case of aspiration of the cell suspension by pipetting, it works to recall the solution from the gap 29 between the cylinder 21 and the container 20.

  In addition, tissue agitation may be hindered by bubbles generated by pipetting. In that case, the presence of the holes 36 and 37 allows the bubbles to be extracted from the hole 36 and the liquid to be drawn from the hole 37. Further, since the net 26 is inclined, deaeration from the holes 36 can be performed efficiently.

  The outer wall of the hemispherical shell 33 is provided with a leg portion 38 that abuts against the wall of the container 20 and stabilizes the posture. The leg portion 38 has a generally triangular shape, abuts against the bottom wall and the inner wall of the container 20, cooperates with the thick band portion 22, and does not rock the cell isolation device 2 in the container 20. Hold in a stable state. The shape of the leg is not limited to a triangular shape, and may be any shape as long as the cell isolation device 2 can be held in a stable state.

  In the case where a cell suspension is obtained using the cell isolation device 2 configured as described above, a cell treatment drug 30 in a container 20 is used. As this cell treating agent 30, for example, 10% Triton X-100 / RO water, 1% propidium iodide / RO water, and 1% RNase / RO water were mixed at a ratio of 1: 10: 2 (volume). The reagent can be used by dispensing 65 μL of the solution into a test tube and freeze-drying it using a freeze dryer (KYOWA VAC RLE-52ES: manufactured by Kyowa Vacuum Technology). The details of this reagent are given in Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-244702, which has already been filed by the inventors of the present application. Of course, the reagent is not limited to a freeze-dried one. In the case of a liquid reagent, the reagent may be supplied from the automatic cell pretreatment device 5. Furthermore, dextrin may be added to the reagent.

  The tissue 61 to be analyzed is placed in the petri dish 62 as shown in FIG. 5, and an appropriate amount is scraped off by the spoon 27 of the cylindrical body 21, and the bottom lid portion 31 is coupled to the cylindrical body 21 in the state of being placed on the spoon 27. Next, the cell isolation device 2 is inserted and fitted into the container 20 containing the cell treatment drug 30. Thus, the cell isolation device 2 can easily scrape the tissue and set it in the measurement kit without using other instruments such as tweezers.

  Next, the lid 52 that slides up and down, for example, of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 shown in FIG. 1 is opened, the handle 24 of the cell isolation device 2 is inserted into the fixing hole 51, and the bottom of the container 20 is positioned. The container 20 is inserted so that the container 20 is properly supported.

  Thereafter, when the lid 52 of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 is closed, the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 performs the pretreatment operation as shown in FIG. First, the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 lowers the nozzle 54 and discharges a phosphate buffer that is a 2 ml dilution (S11). Next, the nozzle 54 is raised to generate an air layer from the nozzle 54 to the suction / discharge mechanism part of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 (S12).

  Again, the nozzle 54 is lowered to perform pipetting for taking in and out the cell suspension 55 in which the reagent 30, phosphate buffer and tissue 61 are mixed (S13). The required time was about 5 minutes in the measurement of brain tumor tissue, and sufficient results were obtained. Next, the cell suspension 55 as a sample is sucked in a state where the nozzle 54 is lowered, and measurement by the flow cytometer 6 is started (S14). The aspirated cell suspension can be filtered through the net 26.

  When the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 finishes the measurement, the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 notifies the completion by, for example, an alarm sound, etc., so that the operator opens the lid 52 of the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 and the cell isolation device 2 is set. The container 20 is taken out, and everything is discarded into the dust box 56 of medical waste (S15).

  The cell suspension sucked by the automatic cell pretreatment device 5 is sent to a flow cytometer 6 constituting the malignancy analysis device 4. The flow cytometer 6 measures the isolated and nucleus-stained cells using the cell suspension, and obtains a scattergram (not shown) from the peak value and integrated value of the fluorescence signal for each event. Appropriate gate processing is performed on this scattergram, and a histogram of the fluorescence intensity integral value is obtained from an event that seems to be a single cell. This histogram is displayed on a display such as an LCD (not shown). As described above, the flow cytometer 6 functions as a measurement unit that measures cells stained with the nucleus and a display unit that displays a histogram of fluorescence intensity using the results of the measurement unit.

  This histogram is as shown in FIG. P1 is a peak due to the G0 / G1 phase cell group, P2 is a peak due to the DNA Aneuploidy cell group indicating a tumor cell having a DNA amount different from normal, and P3 is a peak due to the G2 / M phase cell group. Data relating to the histogram of fluorescence intensity obtained by the flow cytometer 6 is sent to the computer 7.

  The computer 7 is provided with determination means. The determination means obtains the number of strong region cells distributed in a region having higher fluorescence intensity than normal cells from the histogram data, and determines the malignancy of cancer based on the number of strong region cells and the histogram.

  The operation by the malignancy analysis apparatus 4 constituted by the determination unit of the flow cytometer 6 and the computer 7 can be shown by the flowchart shown in FIG. The flow intensity meter 6 creates a fluorescence intensity histogram (S21).

  Next, the peak of normal cells is detected from the histogram data by the determining means (S22). That is, the peak P1 by the G0 / G1 phase cell group shown in FIG. 7 is obtained, and the end point PF is determined. Specifically, a point where the number of cells is a predetermined number (for example, 10) or less is searched.

  Next, the number S of strong region cells distributed in a region having a higher fluorescence intensity than normal cells is obtained (S23). In FIG. 7, the number of cells distributed in the region R shown on the right side of the PF is obtained. Further, the total cell number A in the fluorescence intensity histogram is obtained (S24). Here, the ratio (S / A) of the strong region cell number S to the total cell number A is compared with the threshold TH, and the malignancy is obtained. Are output from a display or a printer (not shown) (S25).

  The threshold TH is shown in FIG. This was obtained as follows. When a pathological diagnosis was actually performed and the ratio (S / A) of the number S of strong region cells was plotted for normal and grade 2 to 4, distribution was obtained as shown in FIG. With respect to this result, the average value and standard deviation of normal and grades 2 to 4 are obtained as shown in FIG. Calculation is performed using the obtained average values and standard deviations to obtain the threshold TH of FIG.

  FIG. 12 shows the threshold values K1 (6.1%), K2 (20.6%), and K3 (40%) of the threshold TH with respect to the distribution according to the result of the pathological diagnosis shown in FIG. Become. Table obtained by disassembling the results obtained by performing the cell analysis method according to the present embodiment for normal (0) and grades 2 to 4 obtained as a result of pathological diagnosis in the horizontal direction of the figure Is FIG. 13 (a). That is, 46 cases where the pathological diagnosis result is normal (0), and in the present embodiment, the analysis result indicates that normal (0) is 36 cases and grade 2 is 10 cases. As a result, as shown in “True negative” in FIG. 13B, in the present embodiment, it is determined as normal with a probability of 78%, and as shown in “False positive” in FIG. It was confirmed that it was judged that there was malignancy by probability.

  Further, 109 cases of grades 2 to 4 in pathological diagnosis are determined to be normal with a probability of 5% as shown in “False negative” in FIG. 13B in this embodiment, and “ As shown in “True positive”, it was confirmed to be grade 2-4.

  Note that the threshold TH used in the above embodiment can be changed as appropriate depending on the target tissue and the like. In the above, the determination was made using the ratio of the strong region cell number S to the total cell number A (S / A), but the weak region cell number W distributed in the region where the fluorescence intensity is weaker than that of the normal cell is obtained. The determination may be made by weighting based on the ratio of the weak area cell count W and the strong area cell count S. In other words, this processing means that the determination by the determination means is corrected by the number of weak area cells. In addition, various methods such as combining the total cell number A, the strong region cell number S, and the weak region cell number W to obtain a difference and determining the malignancy using this can be employed.

    Here, the determination of the malignancy of cancer has been described for the determination of normality and grade, but it goes without saying that it can be used simply for the determination of the presence or absence of cancer cells.

2 Cell Isolation Equipment 4 Malignancy Analysis Device 5 Automatic Cell Pretreatment Device 6 Flow Cytometer 7 Computer 20 Container 21 Tube 26 Net 27 Spoon 38 Leg

Claims (6)

A measurement unit for measuring cells stained with the nucleus,
A display unit for displaying a histogram of fluorescence intensity using the result of the measurement unit;
From the data of the histogram, the total number of strong region cells distributed in a region having a higher fluorescence intensity than normal cells and the total number of weak region cells distributed in a region having a lower fluorescence intensity than normal cells are determined, and the strong region cells Determining means for determining malignancy of cancer based on at least one of the total number of cells, the total number of weak region cells, and the total number of cells (excluding the ratio of the total number of strong region cells and the total number of cells) Cell analysis device.   The cell analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the determination unit determines the malignancy of the cancer based on a ratio of the total number of the strong region cells and the total number of the weak region cells. The determination means combines the total number of the strong region cells and the total number of the weak region cells and the total number of cells by a difference,
(Formula 1) = total number of cells− (total number of weak region cells + total number of strong region cells)
To calculate
The cell analysis device according to claim 1, wherein the malignancy of cancer is determined based on a ratio between the total number of the strong region cells and (Formula 1). Measuring cells stained with nucleus and obtaining a histogram of fluorescence intensity;
Detecting normal cell peaks from the histogram data;
Determining the total number of strong area cells distributed in areas with a higher fluorescence intensity than the peak and determining the total number of weak area cells distributed in areas with a lower fluorescence intensity than normal cells;
Determination of determining malignancy of cancer based on at least one of the total number of strong region cells, the total number of weak region cells, and the total number of cells (excluding the ratio of the total number of strong region cells to the total number of cells) A cell analysis method comprising: a determination step.   The cell analysis method according to claim 4, wherein in the determination step, the malignancy of cancer is determined based on a ratio of the total number of the strong region cells and the total number of the weak region cells. In the determination step, the difference between the total number of the strong region cells and the total number of the weak region cells and the total cell number,
(Formula 1) = total number of cells− (total number of weak region cells + total number of strong region cells)
To calculate
The cell analysis method according to claim 4, wherein the malignancy of cancer is determined based on a ratio between the total number of the strong region cells and (Formula 1).

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