JP2015079004A - Biosensor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biosensor capable of acquiring a measurement result improved in accuracy.SOLUTION: A biosensor includes: a first action electrode 42A on which a first biocatalyst having a characteristic reacting to a specific substrate is placed; a second action electrode 42B on which a second biocatalyst having a characteristic reacting to a specific substrate is placed; and at least one counter electrode for applying an electric voltage to each of the action electrodes, between the first action electrode and the second action electrode. Reaction velocities of the substrates of the first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst are different.

Description

  The present invention relates to a biosensor for measuring a specific substrate contained in human or animal body fluids.

  Conventionally, using an electrochemical sensor implanted in the abdomen or arm of a subject, numerical information on a test substance in a body fluid such as blood, urine, and interstitial fluid, for example, in a subject's interstitial fluid A technique for continuously measuring the glucose concentration (so-called blood glucose level) is known. An electrochemical sensor is a sensor that can detect a very small amount of current using an electrochemical reaction, and is suitable for detecting a very small amount of a chemical substance that causes a redox reaction.

  As an electrochemical sensor for measuring the glucose concentration, a biosensor is often used in which an enzyme is immobilized on a sensor portion and a test substance in a sample is detected using an enzyme reaction. This type of biosensor generally has a working electrode and a counter electrode, and an enzyme (for example, glucose oxidase) is immobilized on the working electrode. The glucose concentration can be measured based on a response current obtained when a voltage is applied between the working electrode and the counter electrode.

  Glucose oxidase selectively reacts with glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce gluconic acid. At this time, hydrogen is reduced in proportion to the amount of glucose while oxygen is reduced. Since hydrogen peroxide can be easily oxidized electrochemically, it can be measured using a pair of electrodes. That is, the response current value can be obtained by electrically oxidizing the hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme oxidation reaction. The glucose concentration can be calculated based on the sampling current obtained by sampling the current periodically from the response current value obtained continuously.

  By the way, the biological fluid may contain an interfering substance that interferes with the measured value of the response current for glucose measurement described above. As interfering substances, for example, ascorbic acid, red blood cells, and vitamin C are known. When the biological fluid to be measured for glucose concentration contains an interfering substance, the response current includes not only signal components derived from the redox reaction by the enzyme, but also non-enzymes such as the reaction between the interfering substance and the electrode. Signal components derived from typical reactions (non-specific reactions) are mixed. In this case, the glucose concentration obtained based on the response current may be significantly different from the actual value.

  In the observation of the response current, it is difficult to determine whether or not the response current includes a signal component derived from a non-specific reaction. Therefore, conventionally, there is a technique in which an interference substance removal film is formed on the electrode of the sensor to prevent interference substances other than biological components from reacting with the electrode (for example, see Patent Document 1).

US Pat. No. 5,356,786 US Patent Publication No. 7003341 U.S. Pat. No. 7,190,988 US Pat. No. 7,462,264

However, in the technique of creating an interference substance removing film on the electrode as described in Patent Document 1, the configuration for arranging the reagent on the electrode becomes complicated. Further, the interference substance removal film could remove only the intended specific interference substance.

  This invention is made | formed in view of the situation mentioned above, and it aims at providing the technique which can suppress the influence of an interference substance and can obtain the measurement result of the physical quantity of a highly accurate substrate.

  The present invention employs the following configuration in order to solve the above-described problems. That is, the first aspect of the present invention is a biosensor, in which a biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed, and the property of reacting with the specific substrate is lost. And a second working electrode on which the biocatalyst is disposed, and at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the first working electrode and the second working electrode.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when a voltage is applied between the at least one counter electrode and the first working electrode and between the at least one counter electrode and the second working electrode, the response from the first working electrode. A current (referred to as a first response current) and a response current (referred to as a second response current) from the second working electrode are obtained. The first response current includes a signal component derived from the reaction between the biocatalyst and a specific substrate (biocatalytic reaction) and a signal component not derived from the biocatalytic reaction, whereas the second response current is a specific response from the biocatalyst and a specific substrate. It does not contain signal components derived from substrate reactions. That is, it can be considered that the second response current includes only a signal component not derived from the biocatalytic reaction. Therefore, for example, by subtracting the second response current from the first response current, the signal component derived from the biocatalytic reaction can be extracted from the first response current. This makes it possible to obtain an accurate physical quantity (for example, concentration) of a specific substrate.

  In the first aspect, the number of counter electrodes for obtaining a response current from each of the first working electrode and the second working electrode is not limited to one. In other words, counter electrodes corresponding to the first working electrode and the second working electrode may be prepared. However, by providing one common counter electrode between the first working electrode and the second working electrode, it is possible to reduce the number of manufacturing steps of the biosensor and to reduce the size and simplification of the biosensor. In addition to the counter electrode and the working electrode, a reference electrode may be provided.

  In the first aspect of the present invention, a biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate is disposed on the second working electrode, and energy is given to the second working electrode, so that the property of the biocatalyst is obtained. A configuration can be adopted that causes loss of power. For example, at least one of thermal energy and electrical energy can be applied as the energy.

  In the first aspect of the present invention, a biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate is disposed on the second working electrode, and the property of the biocatalyst is lost with respect to the second working electrode. It may be configured to add a substance that inhibits the biocatalyst to lose the property.

  The biocatalyst applicable to the present invention is, for example, an enzyme. As the enzyme, an enzyme corresponding to a specific substrate whose physical quantity is to be measured is selected. For example, if the specific substrate is glucose, glucose oxidase (glucose oxidase: GOD) or glucose dehydrogenase (glucose dehydrogenase: GDH) can be applied as the enzyme.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biosensor, a first working electrode having a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate, and a property of reacting with the specific substrate. Two biocatalysts disposed at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the second working electrode, the first working electrode, and the second working electrode, and The reaction rates of the biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst with the substrate are different from each other.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the reaction rates of the first biocatalyst and the substrate of the second biocatalyst are different. That is, the first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst have at least one of different maximum reaction rate Vmax and Michaelis constant Km. In other words, both have different calibration curves. This means that the calibration curve for obtaining the physical quantity of the substrate from the reaction with the first biocatalyst is different from the calibration curve for obtaining the physical quantity of the substrate from the reaction with the second biocatalyst.

In the biosensor according to the second aspect, when the response current y is obtained from the first working electrode for the same body fluid and the response current y ′ is obtained from the second working electrode, the interference substance contained in the body fluid is If it is assumed that the first working electrode and the second working electrode are equally affected, the response currents y and y ′ can be expressed as follows.
y = ax + c (1), y ′ = bx + c (2)

Here, c is a signal component derived from the reaction of a non-biocatalyst such as an interference substance, a is a calibration curve coefficient corresponding to the first biocatalyst, and b is a calibration curve corresponding to the second biocatalyst. It is a coefficient. X is a physical quantity of a specific substrate in the body fluid. Using the above equations (1) and (2), the following equation (3) for obtaining x can be obtained.
x = (y−y ′) / (ab) (3)
Therefore, the physical quantity of a specific substrate can be accurately measured.

  In the second aspect, the first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst are, for example, enzymes. As an enzyme, what was demonstrated in the 1st aspect is applicable, for example. Moreover, as the second biocatalyst, an enzyme obtained by genetically modifying the first biocatalyst can be applied.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biosensor, a first working electrode having a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate, and a property of reacting with the specific substrate. Two biocatalysts disposed at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the second working electrode, the first working electrode, and the second working electrode, and The reaction area on the working electrode is different from that on the second working electrode.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, since the reaction areas on the first working electrode and the second working electrode are different, similarly to the second aspect, the physical quantity of the specific substrate is determined from the response current from the first working electrode. The calibration curve for obtaining the physical quantity of a specific substrate from the response current from the second working electrode is different. Therefore, since the physical quantity x of a specific substrate can be obtained using the same method as in the second embodiment, it is possible to accurately measure the physical quantity x.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a biosensor, a first working electrode having a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate, and a property of reacting with the specific substrate. Two biocatalysts disposed at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the second working electrode, the first working electrode, and the second working electrode, and The total reaction activities on the working electrode and on the second biocatalyst are different from each other.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since the total reaction activities on the first working electrode and the second working electrode are different, the response current from the first working electrode is the same as in the second and third aspects. Therefore, the calibration curve for obtaining the physical quantity of the specific substrate from the calibration curve for obtaining the physical quantity of the specific substrate from the response current from the second working electrode is different. Therefore, since the physical quantity x of a specific substrate can be obtained using the same method as in the second embodiment, it is possible to accurately measure the physical quantity x.

The first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst in the third and fourth aspects may be the same type of biocatalyst or different biocatalysts. Each of the first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst is, for example, an enzyme, and the enzyme described in the first aspect can be applied.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measuring instrument, the first obtained by applying a voltage between a first working electrode on which a biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed and a counter electrode. A first detection unit that detects a first signal value from one working electrode, a second working electrode in which the biocatalyst that has lost its property of reacting with the specific substrate is disposed, and a counter electrode A second detection unit for detecting a second signal value from the second working electrode obtained by voltage application, and a concentration of the specific substrate calculated from the first signal value as the second signal value. And a correction unit for correcting, and an output unit for outputting the corrected concentration of the specific substrate.

  The correction unit according to the fifth aspect may be configured to calculate a value obtained by subtracting the second signal value from the first signal value as a correction concentration of the specific substrate.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is a measuring instrument, which is obtained by applying a voltage between a first working electrode on which a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed and a counter electrode. A second biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate and a first detection unit that detects a first signal value from the first working electrode and having a reaction rate different from that of the first biocatalyst. Calculated from the first signal value, a second detector for detecting a second signal value from the second working electrode obtained by voltage application between the arranged second working electrode and the counter electrode. And a correction unit that corrects the concentration of the specific substrate with the second signal value, and an output unit that outputs the corrected concentration of the specific substrate.

In the sixth aspect, the correction unit uses the calibration curve coefficient a, the concentration x of the specific substrate, and a substance other than the specific substrate in the biological fluid as the first signal y (t) at a certain time t. A linear function y (t) = ax (t) + c is expressed by a signal component c, and the second signal y ′ at the certain time t is expressed by a calibration curve coefficient b, the concentration x of the specific substance, and the signal component c. Assuming that the value of the signal component c in the first signal y (t) and the second signal y ′ (t) is equal when expressed by a linear function y ′ (t) = bx (t) + c The concentration x (t) of the specific substrate can be determined based on the following formula.
(Expression) x (t) = (y (t) −y ′ (t)) / (ab)

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the first working electrode obtained by applying a voltage between the first working electrode on which a biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed and the counter electrode is used. The second action obtained by applying a voltage between the step of detecting one signal value and the second working electrode on which the biocatalyst having lost the property of reacting with the specific substrate and the counter electrode are disposed. A program for causing an information processing device to execute a step of detecting a second signal value from a pole and a step of correcting the concentration of the specific substrate calculated from the first signal value with the second signal value. .

  The seventh aspect may be configured such that, in the correcting step, a value obtained by subtracting the second signal value from the first signal value is calculated as a corrected concentration of the specific substrate.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a first working electrode obtained by applying a voltage between a first working electrode on which a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed and a counter electrode. A second working electrode and a counter electrode, wherein a second biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate and having a reaction rate different from that of the first biocatalyst is disposed. Detecting a second signal value from the second working electrode obtained by applying a voltage between, and correcting the concentration of the specific substrate calculated from the first signal value with the second signal value And a step for causing the information processing apparatus to execute the step of performing.

In an eighth aspect, in the correcting step, the first signal y (t) at a certain time t is converted into a calibration curve coefficient a, a concentration x of the specific substrate, and a substance other than the specific substrate in the biological fluid. The second signal y ′ at the certain time t is expressed by a calibration curve coefficient b, the concentration x of the specific substance, and the signal. The linear component y (t) = ax (t) + c When the value of the signal component c in the first signal y (t) and the second signal y ′ (t) is equal, the component c is expressed by a linear function y ′ (t) = bx (t) + c of time. Assuming that the concentration x (t) of the specific substrate is obtained by the following equation.
(Expression) x (t) = (y (t) −y ′ (t)) / (ab)

  Further, the present invention is an invention of a measuring method having substantially the same configuration as the seventh and eighth aspects described above, or an invention of a computer-readable recording medium on which a program according to the seventh and eighth aspects is recorded. Can be specified.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a measurement result of a physical quantity of a substrate with high accuracy while suppressing the influence of an interference substance.

It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the measuring machine in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the biosensor (glucose sensor) shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A) is a top view, FIG.2 (B) is an AA sectional view. It is a figure which shows the structural example which concerns on the control computer shown in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the example of the program processing of the control part which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the response current from the 1st working electrode and 2nd working electrode, and glucose concentration in 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the example of the program processing of the control part in 2nd Embodiment. It is a graph which shows the example of a simulation experiment explaining the effect of 2nd Embodiment, Comprising: The time change of a sensor output (response current) is shown. It is a graph which shows the example of a simulation experiment explaining the effect of 2nd Embodiment, Comprising: The time change of a sample density | concentration is shown. It is a graph which shows Example 1 of this invention, and shows the response current density at the time of glucose addition. It is a graph which shows Example 1 of this invention, and shows the response current density at the time of ascorbic acid addition. It is a graph which shows Example 1 of this invention, and while showing the response current density by glucose addition and the influence on the response current density by ascorbic acid addition, the time change of the correction | amendment current density corrected with the correction method which concerns on this invention Indicates. It is a graph which concerns on Example 2 of this invention, and shows the calibration curve with respect to glucose of the main sensor (Main WE) adjusted with natural GDH, and the sub sensor (Sub WE) adjusted with gene modification GDH. It is a graph which concerns on Example 2 of this invention, and shows transition of the sensor output of a main sensor and a subsensor. It is a graph which concerns on Example 2 of this invention, and shows transition of the glucose concentration correct | amended using the sensor output of a main sensor and the sensor output of a subsensor.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The configuration of the embodiment is midnight, and the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the embodiment.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a measuring apparatus (measuring machine) 1 according to the first embodiment. The measuring device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is used to continuously and automatically measure the concentration of glucose in a human or animal interstitial fluid or blood as a physical quantity of a specific substrate in a body fluid. The measuring device 1 includes a housing (housing) 2, a control computer 3, and an electrochemical sensor 4.

  The electrochemical sensor 4 is a sensor that detects a specific test substance using an electrochemical reaction, and a biosensor is applied in this embodiment. The biosensor continuously measures and detects a test substance using a living organism or a material derived from a living organism as an element for detecting the test substance.

  The electrochemical sensor 4 in this embodiment is used to continuously measure the glucose concentration in interstitial fluid or blood. Hereinafter, the electrochemical sensor (biosensor) 4 is referred to as “glucose sensor 4”.

  The housing 2 forms the outer shape of the measuring machine 1 and includes a cover 20 and a substrate 21. The cover 20 and the substrate 21 are fixed to each other, and the control computer 3 defined by them is accommodated. The housing 2 is configured using a material having waterproofness or water resistance. For example, at least the cover 20 (the substrate 21 as necessary) can be formed from a material with extremely low water permeability such as metal or synthetic resin. As the synthetic resin, for example, polypropylene can be applied.

  A base end portion 40A of the glucose sensor 4 is fixed to the substrate 21, and a distal end portion 40B of the glucose sensor 4 extends to the outside of the housing 2 through an insertion port (not shown) provided in the substrate 21. The adhesive film 5 is fixed to the outer surface of the substrate 21. The adhesive film 5 is used to fix the measuring machine 1 on the subject's skin. As the adhesive film 5, for example, a double-sided tape having double-sided adhesiveness is applied.

  The control computer 3 includes an electronic component group that constitutes a computer and the like necessary for performing a predetermined operation for measuring glucose, such as voltage application to the glucose sensor 4 and calculation of glucose concentration from the response current, And a terminal 30 for electrical connection with an electrode 42 provided in the glucose sensor 4. The terminal 30 is used to apply a voltage to the glucose sensor 4 and obtain a response current value from the glucose sensor 4.

  The glucose sensor 4 is used to obtain a response according to the glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid. A sensor part to which an enzyme that is a biocatalyst for detecting glucose in the interstitial fluid is fixed is formed at the end of the glucose sensor 4, and at least the sensor part is implanted subcutaneously. . In the example of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a portion extending outward from the substrate 21 of the housing 2 of the glucose sensor 4 is inserted into the skin 6.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the glucose sensor 4 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2A is a plan view of the glucose sensor 4, and FIG. It is AA sectional drawing of the glucose sensor shown to (A). As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the glucose sensor 4 includes a substrate 41, electrodes and leads formed on the substrate 41, and an enzyme immobilization section.

That is, metal layers 42 a, 42 b and 42 c are formed on one surface of the substrate 41. The metal layers 42a, 42 and 42c are formed by depositing a metal such as gold or platinum on one surface of the film-like substrate 41 by physical vapor deposition (PVD, for example, sputtering) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and performing trimming with a laser. Can be formed. The material of the substrate 41 is, for example, a thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE), and has no harm to the human body, such as a polyimide resin or an epoxy resin, and appropriate insulation. Resin having flexibility and flexibility can be applied.

  Each of the metal layers 42a, 42b, and 42c is formed in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 41 from the terminal end to the base end of the substrate 41, and each terminal portion has a first working electrode 42A, a second working electrode 42B, and a counter electrode 42C. Used as On the other hand, the intermediate part and the base end part of the metal layers 42a, 42b and 42c are used as lead wires, respectively.

  The base end portions of the metal layers 42a, 42b and 42c are connected to contact pads 44A, 44B and 44C provided at the base end portion of the substrate 41, respectively. The contact pads 44A, 44B, 44C are used for electrical connection with the terminal 30 (FIG. 1) of the control computer 3. The contact pads 44A, 44B, and 44C can be formed integrally with the electrodes and lead wires by trimming the metal layers 42a, 42b, and 42c, for example. However, the contact pads 44A, 44B, and 44C may be formed using a conductor in a separate process from the metal layer. In this embodiment, the terminal 30 includes a terminal W1, a terminal W2 and a terminal CR of the potentiostat 3A connected to the control computer 3, and the contact pads 44A, 44B, 44C are connected to the terminals W1, W2, CR. Each is connected.

  Specifically, in FIG. 1, the contact pads 44A, 44B, and 44C are not shown, but when the substrate 21 and the cover 20 of the measuring instrument 1 are joined, the base end portion of the glucose sensor 4 is controlled. The computer 3 is sandwiched and fixed between the board 3a and the board 21. At this time, the terminal 30 provided on the substrate 3a is fixed in a state of being pressed against the contact pads 44A, 44B, 44C, whereby the glucose sensor 4 and the measuring instrument 1 are electrically connected.

  A reference electrode 42D is formed on a predetermined region of the metal layer 42c as the counter electrode 42C. The reference electrode 42D can be formed, for example, by applying or printing a silver-silver chloride ink on a predetermined region on the counter electrode 42C.

  On the other hand, carbon layers 45a and 45b formed by screen printing of carbon paste are laminated in predetermined regions on the end sides of the metal layers 42a and 42b. Thereby, the first working electrode 42A composed of the metal layer 42a and the carbon layer 45a is formed, and the second working electrode 42B composed of the metal layer 42b and the carbon layer 45b is formed.

  As described above, the glucose sensor 4 of the present embodiment includes the electrode 42 including the first working electrode 42A, the second working electrode 42B, the counter electrode 42C, and the reference electrode 42D. However, the reference electrode 42D can be omitted. In the example shown in FIG. 2, a common counter electrode 42C is provided for the first working electrode 42A and the second working electrode 42B, but two counter electrodes corresponding to the first working electrode 42A and the second working electrode 42B, respectively. May be provided.

  Enzyme-immobilized layers 43A and 43B in which an enzyme is immobilized are formed on the carbon layers 45A and 45B, respectively. The enzyme immobilization layers 43A and 43B are formed by dispensing glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) that reacts with glucose onto the carbon layers 45A and 45B and immobilizing with an immobilization substance such as glutaraldehyde. As described above, the sensor unit 40 </ b> C is formed at the end of the glucose sensor 4. Hereinafter, the enzyme immobilization layer 43A may be referred to as a first enzyme immobilization portion 43A, and the enzyme immobilization layer 43B may be referred to as a second enzyme immobilization portion 43B.

  The first working electrode 42A and the second working electrode 42B are arranged with the counter electrode 42C interposed therebetween, and the first working electrode 42A, the second working electrode 42B, and the counter electrode 42C are arranged to have the same distance. The carbon layers 45A and 45B and the enzyme immobilization layers 43A and 43B are formed to have the same area, and the enzyme amounts contained in the enzyme immobilization layers 43A and 43B are formed to be equal. . That is, the glucose sensor 4 is configured to include two working electrodes 42A and 42B having the same configuration and first and second enzyme fixing portions 43A and 43B (enzyme fixing portion 43, FIG. 1).

  FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of main electronic components housed in the measuring instrument 1. A control computer 3, a potentiostat 3A, and a power supply device 11 as shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the display unit 14 is illustrated as being included in the substrate 3a, but actually, as shown in FIG. 1, the display unit 14 displays the calculation result of the glucose concentration. A display panel 15 is provided. Further, the housing 17 of the display unit 14 can be fixed on the skin by the adhesive film 5 or the like, similarly to the housing 2.

  Returning to FIG. 3, in terms of hardware, the control computer 3 has a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a recording such as a memory (RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory)). The communication unit 10 includes a medium, a communication unit, and an input / output device (I / O) (not shown). The processor loads a program stored in a recording medium (for example, ROM) into the RAM and executes the program. , Functions as a device including the control unit 12 and the storage unit 13. The control computer 3 may include an auxiliary storage device such as a semiconductor memory (EEPROM, flash memory) or a hard disk.

  The control unit 12 controls voltage application timing, applied voltage value, response current sampling, glucose concentration calculation, or communication with an external information processing terminal. The communication unit 10 performs data communication with the display unit 14 (FIG. 1), and transmits the calculation result of the glucose concentration by the control unit 12 to the display unit 14. Data communication may be wired communication using a cable, and non-contact communication (IrDA, Bluetooth) using infrared rays or radio may be applied. For example, the display unit 14 can display the calculation result of the glucose concentration received from the measuring instrument 1 on the display screen (display panel 15) in a predetermined format.

  The power supply device 11 includes a battery 110 and supplies power for operation to the control unit 3 and the potentiostat 3A. Note that the power supply device 11 can also be placed outside the housing 2.

  The potentiostat 3A is a device that makes the potential of the first working electrode 42A and the second working electrode 42B constant with respect to the reference electrode 42D. The potentiostat 3A is obtained at the terminal W1 by applying a predetermined voltage between the counter electrode 42C and the first working electrode 42A and between the counter electrode 42C and the first working electrode 42B using the terminals CR, W1, and W2. The response current (first response current) of the first working electrode 42A is measured, the response current (second response current) of the second working electrode 42B obtained at the terminal W2 is measured, and the first and second response currents are measured. The measurement result is sent to the control unit 12.

  Note that the functions of the control unit 12 and the storage unit 13 of the control computer 3 are mounted on the display unit 14, and on the housing 2 side, the measurement result by the potentiostat 3 </ b> A is transmitted to the display unit 14 by the communication unit 10. May be. Alternatively, the control computer 3 and the potentiostat 3A may be mounted on the display unit 14, and voltage application to the glucose sensor 4 and response current detection may be performed by the potentiostat 3A mounted on the display unit 14.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a glucose concentration measurement process performed by the control computer 3 in the first embodiment. As a premise, the measuring device 1 and the glucose sensor 4 are properly installed at a predetermined position (abdomen or arm) of the subject, and the sensor unit 40C is immersed in the interstitial fluid.

  In FIG. 4, when the CPU (control unit 12) of the control computer 3 accepts an externally issued glucose concentration measurement start instruction, it controls the potentiostat 3 </ b> A and energizes only the second working electrode 42 </ b> B with an overcurrent. (Step S01). The measuring machine 1 has an input device (not shown), and can use the input device to input measurement start and measurement end instructions to the control computer 3. The control unit 12 that has received the start instruction opens, for example, the switch SW provided between the first working electrode 42A and the terminal W1 so that no current flows through the first working electrode 42A. The overcurrent is energized for a predetermined time between the counter electrode 42C and the second working electrode 42B. As a result, the enzyme (GDH) immobilized on the second enzyme immobilization part 43B on the second working electrode 42B is deactivated. The overcurrent is set to a current that does not damage the counter electrode 42C and the second working electrode 42B by energization. The current value to be energized and the energization time can be appropriately set in consideration of the amount of enzyme and the deactivation rate.

  The second working electrode 42B side is the same as the first working electrode 42A side, except that the second working electrode 42B side loses the property that the enzyme reacts with glucose, which is a specific substrate, by energizing the second working electrode 42B. It will be in the state which has a structure.

  Next, the control unit 12 closes the switch SW and controls the potentiostat 3A to start application of a predetermined voltage to the first working electrode 42A and the second working electrode 42B (step S02). The measurement of the response current (first response current) from 42A and the response current (second response current) from the second working electrode 42B is started (step S03). The potentiostat 3 </ b> A measures the first and second response currents obtained by voltage application and sends them to the control unit 12.

  The control unit 12 performs a correction process for correcting the first response current using the second response current (step S04). That is, the control unit 12 performs the following process. Here, the first response current value includes a current component (signal component) derived from a reaction between GDH in an active state and glucose contained in the first enzyme fixing unit 43A. If the interstitial fluid contains an interfering substance that affects glucose concentration measurement, such as ascorbic acid, the first response current value is derived from a reaction other than an enzymatic reaction, such as the influence of the interfering substance ( Signal component of non-enzymatic reaction).

On the other hand, since the GDH in the second enzyme fixing unit 43B is inactivated, the second response current value does not include the signal component derived from the reaction between GDH and glucose, but only the signal component derived from the non-enzymatic reaction. Will be included. Therefore, if the signal component derived from the enzyme reaction is m, and the signal component derived from a reaction other than the enzyme reaction is n, the first response current value y and the second response current value are represented by y ′ (y and y ′ represent the time t. (Function) can be expressed by the following linear function.
y (t) = m (t) + n (t) (Expression 1), y ′ (t) = n (t) (Expression 2)

  Therefore, the control unit 12 can remove the signal component n derived from the non-enzymatic reaction from the first response current value by subtracting the second response current value from the first response current value according to the above formulas 1 and 2. it can.

Based on the first response current value (corrected current value) from which the signal component n has been removed, the control unit 12 performs a glucose concentration calculation process using a known method, and calculates the glucose concentration at time (t). (Step S05). For example, the storage unit 13 of the control computer 3 holds in advance calibration curve data of the glucose concentration corresponding to GDH immobilized on the first enzyme immobilization unit 43A, and the control unit 12 is indicated by the calibration curve data. Determine the glucose concentration using a calibration curve. Alternatively, the control unit 12 calculates the glucose concentration by substituting the first response current value related to the correction into an arithmetic expression for the predetermined glucose concentration.

  The communication unit 10 transmits the calculation result of the calculated glucose concentration to the display unit 14 through the communication link 18 formed with the display unit 14 (step S06). Thereafter, the control unit 12 determines whether or not the measurement is finished. If the measurement is finished, the process according to the flow of FIG. 4 is finished. On the other hand, if the measurement is not completed, the process returns to step S02. Accordingly, the glucose concentration is continuously measured until a measurement end trigger, such as an input of a measurement end instruction, is input to the control computer 3 through the input device. The display unit 14 continuously receives the measurement result of the glucose concentration from the measuring device 1, for example, creates a graph plotting the time change of the glucose concentration and displays it on the display screen (display panel 15). Can do.

  According to the first embodiment, since the signal component derived from the non-enzymatic reaction obtained as the second response current value is removed from the first response current value, the first response current value is the signal component derived from the actual enzyme reaction. The response current value by is corrected. Since the glucose concentration is calculated with the response current value corrected in this way, a glucose concentration with improved accuracy can be obtained.

  The first embodiment can be modified as follows. In the first embodiment, the enzyme of the enzyme fixing portion 43B corresponding to the second working electrode 42B is deactivated by supplying an overcurrent to the second working electrode 42A. However, the enzyme is deactivated by other methods. May be. For example, the enzyme fixing part 43B may be formed by dispensing an enzyme (GDH) whose reaction with glucose has been deactivated by heating. If possible, it is also conceivable to inactivate the enzyme of the enzyme immobilization part 43B by heating the enzyme immobilization part 43B before installing the measuring instrument 1 and the glucose sensor 4 on the subject.

  Or you may make it form the 2nd enzyme fixing | fixed part 43B using the enzyme (GDH) grind | pulverized so that the reaction with glucose might be deactivated. Alternatively, a substance that promotes or inhibits the inactivation of the enzyme reaction (for example, sodium azide) is added to the second enzyme fixing part 43B before the measurement process of the glucose sensor 4 or the glucose concentration measurement, and the second time is measured. The enzyme in the enzyme fixing part 43B may be deactivated. As described above, when the enzyme deactivation process is performed before the measurement is started, the overcurrent energization process as in step S01 shown in FIG. 4 and the switch SW used for the overcurrent energization process are omitted. Is possible.

  Moreover, although the example using GDH as an enzyme was shown in 1st Embodiment, you may apply glucose oxidase (GOD) instead of GDH. In the first embodiment, glucose is exemplified as the specific substrate. However, for the purpose of detecting a physical quantity of another specific substrate, a biocatalyst corresponding to the other specific substrate is measured, and the first embodiment is used. It is possible to obtain a physical quantity with improved accuracy by using a biosensor and a measuring machine having the configuration described above.

  In the first embodiment, the response current value is corrected by subtracting the second response current value from the first response current value. However, the glucose concentration based on the first response current value and the second response current value is corrected. Obtaining the calculation result, subtracting the glucose concentration calculation result based on the second response current value from the glucose concentration calculation result based on the first response current value to obtain a corrected glucose concentration, thereby obtaining a glucose concentration with improved accuracy. You may do it.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Since the second embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described, and the common points will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

  As the physical configuration of the biosensor (glucose sensor) and the measuring device 1 in the second embodiment, those described in the first embodiment can be applied. However, in the second embodiment, the configurations of the first enzyme fixing unit 43A and the second enzyme fixing unit 43B in the biosensor (glucose sensor 4) are different from those in the first embodiment.

  That is, in the second embodiment, enzymes having different calibration curves are applied as the enzymes (GDH) contained in the first enzyme fixing unit 43A and the second enzyme fixing unit 43B. In the example of the second embodiment, natural GDH is applied as GDH applied to the first enzyme fixing unit 43A, and natural GDH is genetically modified as GDH applied to the second enzyme fixing unit 43B. GDH is applied.

  The GDH (first enzyme: first biocatalyst) applied to the first enzyme immobilization part 43A and the GDH (second enzyme: second biocatalyst) applied to the second enzyme immobilization part 43B are Michaelis constant Km. Is different. Relationship between the respective sensor output (response current density) and glucose concentration (calibration) in the case where the first working electrode 42A and the second working electrode 42B to which the first enzyme and the second enzyme are immobilized are provided. Curve) is shown in FIG.

  As shown in the graph of FIG. 5, the calibration curve of the first working electrode 42A to which the first enzyme (natural GDH) is applied and the calibration of the second working electrode 42B to which the second enzyme (genetically modified GDH) is applied. Unlike the calibration curve, it can be seen that it has a different calibration curve. In FIG. 5, the black plot shows native GDH and the white plot shows genetically modified GDH. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the calibration curve for the first enzyme (natural GDH) is y = 0.8x and the calibration curve for the second enzyme (genetically modified GDH) is y ′ = 0.6x. y and y ′ are response current values, x is a glucose concentration, and “0.8” and “0.6” are calibration curve coefficients.

  Thus, in the second embodiment, the calibration curve of the first working electrode 42A where the first enzyme is arranged is different from the calibration curve of the second working electrode 42B where the second enzyme is arranged. The data (calibration curve coefficient) related to is stored in advance in the storage unit 13 (for example, ROM) of the control computer 3 of the measuring instrument 1.

  In the second embodiment, the glucose concentration correction method is different from that of the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing by the control computer 3 (control unit 12) according to the second embodiment.

  The process shown in FIG. 5 is different from the first embodiment in that step S01 is excluded and step S11 (glucose concentration calculation (correction process)) instead of steps S04 and S05 is executed.

In step S11, the control unit 12 obtains a first response current value and a second response current value obtained by the potentiostat 3A. The controller 12 obtains the glucose concentration x in the unit time t corrected based on the following Equation 3.
x (t) = (y (t) −y ′ (t)) / (ab) (Expression 3)
Here, y is a first response current value (a signal obtained from the first working electrode 42A), and y ′ is a second response current value (a signal obtained from the second working electrode 42B). Further, a is a calibration curve coefficient corresponding to the first enzyme (natural GDH), and b is a calibration curve coefficient corresponding to the second enzyme (genetically modified GDH).

Formula 3 is calculated | required based on the following thoughts. That is, the first working electrode 42A (enzyme fixing part 43A) and the second working electrode 42B (enzyme fixing part 43B) are immersed in the interstitial fluid under the same conditions. For this reason, it can be considered that the first response current and the second response current contain equal signal components derived from non-enzymatic reactions such as interfering substance reactions. For this reason, the first response current y and the second response current y ′ can be expressed by linear functions such as the following equations 4 and 5.
y (t) = ax + c (Expression 4), y ′ (t) = bx + c (Expression 5)
However, a and b are calibration curve coefficients, and c is a signal component derived from a non-enzymatic reaction. When the formula is modified using the formula 4 and the formula 5, the formula 3 which is the formula for calculating the glucose concentration x described above can be obtained.

  The control unit 12 substitutes the first response current y and the second response current y ′ into the above equation 3 (the calibration curve coefficients a and b are known and stored in the storage unit 13 in advance), so that The glucose concentration x from which the signal component c derived from the enzyme reaction has been removed can be obtained.

  7 and 8 are graphs showing a simulation experiment example that proves the operational effects of the second embodiment. 7 shows sensor outputs (first response current (first working electrode 42A), second response current (second working electrode 42B) of the glucose sensor 4 using the first enzyme and the second enzyme described with reference to FIG. It is a graph which shows the time change of). The sensor output indicates a current signal detected by the sensor (glucose sensor 4 in the present embodiment). In FIG. 7, a solid line sensor output graph indicates the first response current, and a broken line sensor output graph indicates the second response current. In the simulation experiment shown in FIG. 7, a test liquid as a body fluid that does not contain an interference substance is applied. Therefore, the first response current and the second response current can be considered as response currents when a signal component derived from a non-enzymatic reaction is not included.

  In the graph of FIG. 7, an interference substance (ascorbic acid in this experiment) is added to the body fluid to be tested at about time 28. As a result, a signal component due to the reaction between ascorbic acid and the electrode, that is, a signal component derived from a non-enzymatic reaction is added to the response current, and the first and second response currents are increased. From the graph of FIG. 7, it can be seen that the current increase due to the addition of the interference substance, that is, the signal component c derived from the non-enzymatic reaction, is equally included in the first response current and the second response current. From this, it can be seen that the first response current in FIG. 7 is expressed by Equation 4 and the second response current is expressed by Equation 5.

  FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change over time of the analyte (glucose in this example) concentration in the simulation experiment, and shows the glucose concentration corresponding to the response current shown in FIG. The white plot in FIG. 8 shows the glucose concentration obtained based on the first response current from the first working electrode 42A. The white plot shows that the glucose concentration obtained by the calculation increases as the first response current increases due to the addition of the interfering substance (time approximately 28).

  On the other hand, the black plot that follows the white plot almost continuously from the point of addition of the interfering substance indicates the corrected glucose concentration calculated using Equation 3 described above. Thus, from the black plot, a correction value almost equal to the calculated value of the glucose concentration based on the first response current that would be detected from the first working electrode 42A is obtained if no interference substance is added. I understand that.

  Therefore, according to the glucose sensor 4 and the measuring instrument 1 according to the second embodiment, even if the interstitial fluid (body fluid) contains an interfering substance, which reacts with the electrode and affects the response current value, A correction value from which the influence is appropriately removed can be obtained. In other words, a highly accurate measurement result of the glucose concentration can be obtained.

  The second embodiment can be modified as follows. That is, in the second embodiment, two enzymes having different Michaelis constants Km are used as the first and second enzymes (first and second biocatalysts) having different calibration curves. From the viewpoint of making the calibration curve different from the difference in reaction rate, it is possible to apply two enzymes having different maximum reaction rates Vmax. That is, two enzymes having different at least one of Km and Vmax can be applied.

  In addition, since the calibration curves only need to be different, the same kind of enzyme is used, while the first working electrode 42A (first enzyme fixing unit 43A) and the second working electrode 42B (second enzyme fixing unit 43B) are respectively used. The total amount of reaction activity on the first working electrode 42 </ b> A and the second working electrode 42 </ b> B may be made different by varying the amount of enzyme (enzyme amount).

  Alternatively, by using the same type of enzyme, the first working electrode 42A (enzyme fixing part 43A) and the second working electrode 42B (enzyme fixing part 43B) are made different in the contact area between the enzyme and the body fluid, The calibration curve (calibration curve) may be different.

  Further, from the viewpoint of different calibration curves, different enzymes may be used between the working electrodes. For example, GDH may be applied to one of the first working electrode 42A (first enzyme fixing unit 43A) and the second working electrode 42B (second enzyme fixing unit 43B), and GOD may be applied to the other.

  Since the second response current obtained from the second working electrode 42A of the glucose sensor 4 (biosensor) in the first embodiment does not include a signal component derived from an enzyme reaction, “bx (substrate It can be considered that at least one of the concentration x and the calibration curve coefficient b) is zero. Therefore, using the glucose sensor 4 in the first embodiment, an appropriate glucose concentration can be measured by the program process (calculation of Expression 3) of the control unit 12 in the second embodiment.

  The configurations according to the first and second embodiments described above can be combined as appropriate without departing from the object of the present invention.

  Next, Example 1 of the present invention will be described. In Example 1, a four-electrode electrode system including two working electrodes WE1, WE2, a reference electrode RE, and a counter electrode CE was produced. That is, a metal layer of 5 nm Au was formed by sputtering on a base material (polyetherimide (PEI), 100 μm). This metal layer is insulated to form three regions insulated from each other, and carbon ink is printed on two of the three metal layer regions, respectively, in an environment of 110 ° C. for 30 minutes. Two working electrodes WE1 and WE2 were produced by drying. The remaining region was a counter electrode CE.

  In addition, a silver-silver chloride (Ag / AgCl) ink was printed on the remaining region (counter electrode CE) of the metal layer described above, and was dried in an environment of 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a reference electrode RE. “E2414” manufactured by ERCON was used as the silver chloride ink.

  GDH in which glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as an enzyme, sodium phosphate (pH 5.8) as a pH adjuster, and glutaraldehyde (GA) as a cross-linking agent are mixed as reagents to be dispensed into the working electrode WE1 and the working electrode WE2. A solution was made. At this time, the final concentration (f.c.) of GDH was 1250 U / mL, and the final concentration of sodium phosphate was 50 mM. The crosslinking conditions were a reaction time of 45 minutes and a reaction temperature of 20 ° C.

  The working electrode WE1 was dispensed with 0.32 μL of the above GDH solution and dried, and then dried under an environment of 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to deactivate GDH. Thereafter, 0.32 μL of the above GDH solution was dispensed to the working electrode WE2 and dried. In this way, the working electrode WE1 was used as a heat-deactivated electrode in which the enzyme action of GDH was deactivated by heat, and the working electrode WE2 was used as an active working electrode having GDH activity.

  Using the electrode system described above, the response sensitivity to glucose and the response sensitivity to ascorbic acid (AsA), which is an interfering substance, were examined by a chronoamperometry method in which a potential difference of 400 mV was applied to the electrode system.

First, as a method for measuring response sensitivity to glucose (Glu), the working electrode (thermally deactivated electrode) WE1, the working electrode (active working electrode) WE2, and the counter electrode CE are electrically connected to the potentiostat. At the same time, the electrode system was immersed in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as a measurement solution. Then, while applying a constant voltage (400 mV vs Ag / AgCl) to the working electrode WE1 and the working electrode WE2, a 2.0 M glucose solution is continuously dropped into the buffer solution, and the steady-state current density at a final glucose concentration of 100 mg / dL. (NA / mm ² ) was measured. The steady current density corresponds to the response sensitivity.

  FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of sensor output (current density) with respect to glucose. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the response current density due to the enzymatic reaction of GDH was observed in the active working electrode WE2, whereas the response current density was hardly observed in the heat-inactivated electrode WE1 in which GDH was deactivated. Was confirmed. From this, it was confirmed that GDH on the electrode WE1 was deactivated.

Next, as a method for measuring response sensitivity to ascorbic acid (AsA), the working electrode (thermally deactivated electrode) WE1, the working electrode (active working electrode) WE2, and the counter electrode and potentiostat of the above electrode system are electrically connected. At the same time, the electrode system was immersed in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Then, a constant voltage (400 mVvs) is applied to the heat deactivation electrode WE1 and the active working electrode WE2.
While applying (Ag / AgCl), 10 mg / mL ascorbic acid (A
sA) was added, and the steady-state current density (nA / mm ² ) at a final concentration of AsA of 1.0 mg / dL was measured. The steady current density corresponds to the response sensitivity.

  FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of response sensitivity to AsA. As can be seen from FIG. 10, it was confirmed that the response current density derived from the electrode reaction of AsA was detected to be approximately the same for both the heat deactivation electrode WE1 and the active working electrode WE2.

Furthermore, the influence of ascorbic acid when ascorbic acid (AsA) was added during measurement of the response sensitivity of glucose was confirmed. As a measurement method, the working electrode (thermally deactivated electrode) WE1, the working electrode (active working electrode) WE2, the counter electrode CE and the potentiostat of the electrode system are electrically connected, and the electrode system is connected with 0.1M phosphorus It was immersed in an acid buffer (pH 7.0). Then, a constant voltage (400 mV vs Ag /
While applying ClCl), the glucose solution was continuously dropped into the buffer solution after 300 seconds from the start of measurement, and the steady-state current density (nA / mm ² ) at a final glucose concentration of 100 mg / dL was measured. .

Thereafter, 10 mg / mL ascorbic acid (AsA) was added to the buffer at 400 seconds after the start of measurement, and the steady-state current density (nA / mm ² ) at a final concentration of AsA of 1.0 mg / dL was obtained. It was measured.

Thereafter, 10 mg / mL ascorbic acid (AsA) was further added to the buffer at the time when 500 seconds had elapsed from the start of measurement, and the steady-state current density (nA / mm ² ) at the final concentration of AsA of 2.0 mg / dL Was measured.

In FIG. 11, the measurement result of the time change of the sensor output (current density) (nA / mm < ² >) of the heat deactivation working electrode WE1 and the active working electrode WE2 is shown. In the graph in FIG. 11, the solid line indicates the sensor output (response current density) of the active working electrode WE2, and the broken line indicates the sensor output (response current density) of the thermal deactivation electrode WE1. Furthermore, the alternate long and short dash line in the graph indicates the time change of the current density (correction value) corrected by the correction method described in the first embodiment.

  In response to glucose dropping (addition) at a predetermined time (300 seconds after the start of measurement), a response current due to the enzymatic reaction of GDH was observed in the active working electrode WE2, whereas from the heat deactivating working electrode WE1, It was confirmed that a minute response current was detected.

  Subsequent addition of AsA at a predetermined time (400 seconds after the start of measurement) causes the current density as a non-enzyme-derived signal component due to the AsA electrode reaction to be generated from both the heat-inactivated electrode WE1 and the active working electrode W2. It was confirmed that they were detected almost evenly.

  Furthermore, it was confirmed that the response currents of both the electrodes WE1 and WE2 increase due to the AsA concentration doubling at a predetermined time (at the time when 500 seconds have elapsed) from the start of measurement. A correction signal (correction value) obtained by subtracting the response current density of the electrode WE1 from the response current density of the electrode WE2 is a period (400 to 500 seconds) in which the final concentration of AsA is 1.0 mg / dL, and AsA It was confirmed that a current density lower than that of the active working electrode WE2 was exhibited over a period (starting from 500 seconds) of 2.0 mg / dL. From this, it was confirmed that the glucose concentration measurement in which the influence of ascorbic acid was suppressed could be carried out by obtaining the response current correction value.

Furthermore, from the measurement result of FIG. 11, although the amplitude increases as the amount of AsA added increases, the correction value shows the response current density of the working electrode WE2 (about 300 to 400 seconds) when only glucose is added (about 300 to 400 seconds). It was confirmed that the response current density close to when no ascorbic acid was added can be calculated by taking the time average of the correction values, for example, by swinging in the positive and negative directions centering on 150 nA / mm ² ).

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In Example 2, data for correcting the influence of the interfering substance in the response of the main electrode adjusted with the natural (wild type) enzyme using the response of the secondary electrode adjusted with the gene modification (gene mutation) enzyme was obtained.

In Example 2, a main sensor (Main WE) having a three-electrode electrode system including a working electrode WE1, a reference electrode RE, and a counter electrode CE, and a three-electrode electrode system including a working electrode WE2, a reference electrode RE, and a counter electrode CE are provided. A sub sensor (Sub WE) having the same was manufactured. Here, the area of the working electrode WE1 of the main sensor (Main WE) and the area of the working electrode WE2 of the sub sensor (Sub WE) are formed in the same area, and each sensor output (current value) of the main sensor and the sub sensor. Relative comparison was possible.

  Each of the main sensor and the sub sensor was produced as follows. That is, a metal layer of 5 nm Au was formed by sputtering on a base material (polyetherimide (PEI), 100 μm). This metal layer is insulated to form two regions insulated from each other, and carbon ink is printed on one of the two metal layer regions, respectively, at 30 ° C. in an environment of 110 ° C. Working electrode WE1 (working electrode WE2) was produced by partial drying. The remaining region was a counter electrode CE.

In addition, a silver-silver chloride (Ag / AgCl) ink was printed on the remaining region (counter electrode CE) of the metal layer described above, and was dried in an environment of 150 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a reference electrode RE.
“E2414” manufactured by ERCON was used as the silver chloride ink.

  As a reagent dispensed to the working electrode WE1 of the main sensor and the working electrode WE2 of the secondary sensor, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as an enzyme, sodium phosphate (pH 5.8) as a pH adjusting agent, and glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent A GDH solution mixed with (GA) was prepared. At this time, the final concentration (f.c.) of GDH was 1250 U / mL, and the final concentration of sodium phosphate was 50 mM. The crosslinking conditions were a reaction time of 45 minutes and a reaction temperature of 20 ° C.

  However, natural GDH was used for GDH in the reagent dispensed to the working electrode WE1 of the main sensor, while genetically modified GDH was used for GDH in the reagent dispensed to the working electrode WE2 of the secondary sensor. In this way, a natural GDH solution for the main sensor and a genetically modified GDH solution for the secondary sensor were prepared.

To the working electrode WE1 of the main sensor, 0.32 μL of the natural GDH solution described above was dispensed and dried. Meanwhile, 0.32 μL of the above-described genetically modified GDH solution was dispensed and dried on the working electrode WE2 of the secondary sensor. In this way, the main sensor (Main WE) dispensed with natural GDH.
) And a secondary sensor (Sub WE) into which genetically modified GDH was dispensed.

A calibration curve for glucose was prepared for the above-described main sensor (Main WE) and sub sensor (Sub WE). The results are shown in FIG. A graph A in FIG. 12 shows a calibration curve obtained from the sensor output of the main sensor, and a graph B shows a calibration curve obtained from the sensor output of the sub sensor. Each of the main sensor and the sub sensor showed a characteristic that the sensor output (current value: response sensitivity) increases as the glucose concentration increases.

  Response sensitivity to glucose and response sensitivity to ascorbic acid (AsA), which is an interfering substance, were examined by a chronoamperometry method in which a potential difference of 400 mV was applied to the electrode system using a main sensor and a sub sensor.

  First, as a method for measuring response sensitivity to glucose (Glu), the working electrode WE1 (working electrode WE2) and the counter electrode CE were electrically connected to the potentiostat for each of the main sensor and the sub sensor. Next, each of the main sensor and the sub sensor was immersed in a 200 mg / dL glucose solution, and a constant voltage (400 mV vs Ag / AgCl) was applied to each of the working electrode WE1 and the working electrode WE2, and measurement was started.

  Thereafter, 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) is added to the glucose solution, and the sensor outputs (current values) (nA) of the main sensor and the sub sensor at the final glucose concentration of 100 mg / dL are obtained. It was measured. Further, after the elapse of a predetermined time from the start of measurement, 10 mg / mL ascorbic acid (AsA) is added, and the sensor output of each of the main sensor and the subsensor (each current value (nA): AsA final concentration is 1.0 mg / dL: (Referred to as the value of Y).

  The measurement results are shown in FIG. A graph A in FIG. 13 shows the measurement result of the main sensor, and a graph B shows the measurement result of the sub sensor. As can be seen from FIG. 13, it was confirmed that the sensor outputs of the main sensor and the sub sensor showed response current values according to the calibration curve in accordance with the dilution of the glucose solution by the addition of the buffer solution. Further, it was confirmed that the response current value derived from the electrode reaction of AsA was detected to be substantially the same in both the working electrode WE1 and the working electrode WE2 by the addition of AsA.

Further, a value obtained by converting the sensor output (Y value) shown in FIG. 13 into the glucose concentration X according to the calibration curve shown in FIG. 12 is obtained, and the glucose concentration x (t) according to the correction described in the embodiment is obtained. The correction value (correction data) of the main sensor was obtained according to the above (Equation 3). The results are shown in FIG. The graph A (circle plot) in FIG. 14 shows the measurement result of the main sensor (Main WE (Wild t.)), And the graph B (square plot) shows the measurement result of the sub sensor (Sub WE (Mut.)). Graph C (triangular plot) shows correction data (Offset). However, the graphs A and B shown in FIG. 14 show the results when the current density (nA / mm ² ) obtained from each current value (Y value) of the main sensor and the sub sensor shown in FIG. 13 is used (X Value). Graph C shows correction data (corrected X value) when the current densities of the main sensor and the sub sensor are used as the first response current value y and the second response current value y ′ in (Equation 3). Indicates.

As can be seen from FIG. 14, the value of X (A: circle plot) obtained by the main sensor (Main WE) was corrected while being significantly increased including AsA-derived components by the addition of AsA. In the value of X (C: triangular plot), there was almost no increase even after the addition of AsA.

  According to Example 2, glucose having reduced influence of AsA using a sensor having a working electrode WE1 to which a reagent containing natural GDH was dispensed and a working electrode WE2 to which a reagent containing genetically modified GDH was dispensed was used. It was confirmed that concentration measurement can be performed.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Measuring machine 2 ... Housing 3 ... Control computer 3a ... Substrate 3A ... Potentiostat 4 ... Electrochemical sensor (biosensor)
5 ... Adhesive film 6 ... Skin 10 ... Communication unit 11 ... Power supply device 12 ... Control unit 13 ... Storage unit 14 ... Display unit 20 ... Cover 21 ... -Substrate 41 ... Resin film substrates 42a, 42b, 42c ... Metal layer 42A ... First working electrode 42B ... Second working electrode 42C ... Counter electrode 42D ... Reference electrode 43- ..Enzyme fixing part 43A ... first enzyme fixing part 43B ... second enzyme fixing part 44A, 44B, 44C ... contact pads 45a, 45b ... carbon layer 110 ... battery

Claims (7)

A first working electrode on which a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed;
A second working electrode on which a second biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate is disposed;
And at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the first working electrode and the second working electrode,
The biosensor according to claim 1, wherein reaction rates of the first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst with the substrate are different from each other. The first biocatalyst and the second biocatalyst are enzymes.
The biosensor according to claim 1. The second biocatalyst is an enzyme obtained by genetic modification of the first biocatalyst;
The biosensor according to claim 2. A first working electrode on which a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed;
A second working electrode on which a second biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate is disposed;
And at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the first working electrode and the second working electrode,
The biosensor according to claim 1, wherein reaction areas on the first working electrode and the second working electrode are different. A first working electrode on which a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed;
A second working electrode on which a second biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate is disposed;
And at least one counter electrode for applying a voltage between the first working electrode and the second working electrode,
The biosensor according to claim 1, wherein the total reaction activity on each of the first working electrode and the second biocatalyst is different. Detecting a first signal value from the first working electrode obtained by applying a voltage between a first working electrode on which a first biocatalyst having a property of reacting with a specific substrate is disposed and a counter electrode; A first detection unit;
Obtained by applying a voltage between a counter electrode and a second working electrode on which a second biocatalyst having a property of reacting with the specific substrate and having a reaction rate different from that of the first biocatalyst is disposed. A second detection unit for detecting a second signal value from the second working electrode,
A correction unit for correcting the concentration of the specific substrate calculated from the first signal value with the second signal value;
And an output unit that outputs the corrected concentration of the specific substrate. The correction unit converts the first signal y (t) at a certain time t into a linear function using a calibration curve coefficient a, a concentration x of the specific substrate, and a signal component c based on a substance other than the specific substrate in the biological fluid. y (t) = ax (t) + c, and the second signal y ′ at the certain time t is expressed by a linear function y ′ (t by the calibration curve coefficient b, the concentration x of the specific substance, and the signal component c. ) = Bx (t) + c, the concentration of the specific substrate on the assumption that the value of the signal component c in the first signal y (t) and the second signal y ′ (t) is equal. The measuring machine of Claim 6 which calculates | requires x (t) based on the following formula | equation.
(Expression) x (t) = (y (t) −y ′ (t)) / (ab)

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