JP2015068574A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchanger capable of preventing two fluids for performing heat exchange from coming into contact due to leakage.SOLUTION: A heat exchanger 10 includes: a body 100; a first opening part 101 and a second opening part 103 which are provided at a first end part and a second end part of the body respectively, and in which a first fluid circulates; a fixing tube plate 110 arranged at the first end part side inside the body; a first floating tube plate 121 arranged on the second end part side; a second floating tube plate 123 arranged further on the second end part side than the first floating tube plate; a third opening part 105 and a fourth opening part 107 which are arranged between the fixing tube plate of the body and the first floating tube plate, and in which a second fluid circulates; and a plurality of tubes 135 which are arranged inside the body, which extend from the first end part to the second end part, which penetrate the fixing tube plate, the first floating tube plate and the second floating tube plate, and in which the first fluid circulates. The first floating tube plate and the second floating tube plate are arranged in a floatable manner inside the body via a first seal member and a second seal member respectively.

Description

  The present invention relates to a heat exchanger.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a multi-tube heat exchanger that exchanges heat between two fluids. This heat exchanger includes a fixed tube plate, a floating tube plate, and a plurality of tubes penetrating the fixed tube plate and the floating tube plate inside the body. One of the two fluids circulates in the plurality of tubes, and the other flows inside the body (outside the plurality of tubes) between the fixed tube plate and the floating tube plate, and heat exchange is performed. The floating tube plate and the body are sealed by an O-ring, and the floating tube plate can move freely with respect to the body. Since the plurality of tubes are fixed to the fixed tube plate and the floating tube plate, when the fuselage and the plurality of tubes are deformed by heat, stress is generated in a portion that fixes the plurality of tubes, the fixed tube plate, and the floating tube plate, It may be damaged. This stress is relieved by the fact that the floating tube plate can be moved freely.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-14778

  The stress when the fuselage and multiple tubes are deformed by heat is alleviated by the floating tube plate, but if there is temperature variation in multiple tubes, there is a difference in elongation between tubes, Stress may be generated at the joint with the tube and the pipe may break and fluid may leak from the joint. In addition, fluid may leak from between the fuselage and the floating tube plate due to deterioration of the seal member that seals between the fuselage and the floating tube plate. As a result, when the two fluids that exchange heat come into contact with each other, the heat exchange efficiency decreases and the flow path is contaminated. Depending on the combination of the two fluids, a toxic substance may be generated by contact.

  The heat exchanger disclosed in the present specification includes a container-like body having a first end and a second end, a first opening provided at the first end and through which the first fluid flows, and a second A second opening provided at the end, through which the first fluid flows, a fixed tube plate disposed on the first end side inside the fuselage, and a second end disposed on the second end side inside the fuselage. 1 floating tube plate, a second floating tube plate disposed on the second end side of the first floating tube plate inside the fuselage, and a fixed tube between the fixed tube plate of the fuselage and the first floating tube plate The second fluid is provided on the side close to the plate, provided on the side close to the first floating tube plate between the third opening portion through which the second fluid flows and the fixed tube plate and the first floating tube plate of the body. Is disposed in the body, extends from the first end to the second end, passes through the fixed tube plate, the first floating tube plate, and the second floating tube plate, 1st fluid circulates Comprises a number of tubes, the. The first floating tube plate is movably installed inside the fuselage via the first seal member, and the second floating tube plate is movably installed inside the fuselage via the second seal member. Yes.

  In the above heat exchanger, the first fluid enters and exits the trunk through the first opening and the second opening, and circulates in the plurality of tubes. Since the plurality of tubes penetrate from the fixed tube plate to the second floating tube plate, the first fluid circulates inside the tube between the first floating tube plate and the second floating tube plate. The second fluid enters and exits the body through the third opening and the fourth opening, and flows between the fixed tube plate and the first floating tube plate inside the body. When the second fluid leaks, it leaks from the first floating tube sheet side toward the second end portion side. According to the above heat exchanger, the second floating tube plate is provided closer to the second end than the first floating tube plate, and between the first floating tube plate and the second floating tube plate. Since the first fluid circulates inside the tube, even if the second fluid leaks, the first fluid and the second fluid can be prevented from contacting each other.

  In the above heat exchanger, the material of the first seal member may be an elastic material, and the material of the second seal member may be a metal material. For example, the first seal member may be made of at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber. For example, the second seal member may be made of stainless steel or Inconel.

  The first seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber, and the second seal member is made of nitrile rubber, silicon rubber, fluorosilicon rubber, The material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, and styrene butadiene rubber.

  The first seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber, and the second seal member is made of nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile. The material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of rubber, fluororubber, and urethane rubber.

  In the above heat exchanger, a detection capable of detecting at least one of pressure and temperature in the partition chamber in the partition chamber defined by the interior of the fuselage, the first floating tube plate, and the second floating tube plate. A vessel may be provided.

  In the heat exchanger, the second fluid discharge port may be provided in a partition chamber defined by the inside of the body, the first floating tube plate, and the second floating tube plate.

  The heat exchanger may be a vehicle heat exchanger mounted on a vehicle.

  The heat exchanger may be a heat exchanger for recovering waste heat of an internal combustion engine.

  According to the present invention, in the heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the first fluid and the second fluid, a heat exchanger capable of preventing the first fluid and the second fluid from contacting each other when the second fluid leaks is provided. can do.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which expands and shows between the 1st floating tube sheet and the fuselage | body of the heat exchanger of FIG. It is a figure which expands and shows between the 2nd floating tube sheet and the fuselage | body of the heat exchanger of FIG.

  A heat exchanger 10 shown in FIG. 1 can be suitably used as a heat exchanger for a vehicle mounted on a vehicle, recovers waste heat of an internal combustion engine (for example, an engine) mounted on the vehicle, and generates mechanical energy. It can be particularly suitably used for the Rankine cycle for conversion to. The heat exchanger 10 includes a container-like body 100, a fixed tube plate 110, a first floating tube plate 121, a second floating tube plate 123, a plurality of baffle plates 131 and 133, and a plurality of baffle plates 100 disposed inside the body 100. The tube 135 includes a first opening 101, a second opening 103, a third opening 105, a fourth opening 107, and a fifth opening 109 provided in the body 100.

  The body 100 is made of metal and has a circular tube-shaped central portion extending in the y direction and hemispherical both end portions. The first opening 101 is provided at the tip of the negative end (hereinafter referred to as the first end) of the body 100 in the y-axis direction, and the second opening 103 is the positive direction of the body 100 in the y-axis. Is provided at the tip of the end (hereinafter referred to as the second end).

  The fixed tube plate 110 is a metal disk along the shape of the inner wall of the body 100. The fixed tube plate 110 is disposed on the first end side inside the body 100 and is fixed to the body 100.

  The first floating tube plate 121 and the second floating tube plate 123 are metal discs along the shape of the inner wall of the body 100. The first floating tube plate 121 and the second floating tube plate 123 are disposed on the second end side inside the body 100. The second floating tube plate 123 is disposed on the second end side with respect to the first floating tube plate 121 and is separated from the first floating tube plate 121.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the first floating tube plate 121 and the second floating tube plate 123 are provided with grooves along the outer peripheral wall of the disk, and the first floating tube plate 123 and the second floating tube plate 123 are respectively provided with first grooves inside the grooves. A seal member 151 and a second seal member 153 are fitted. The first floating tube plate 121 and the inner wall of the body 100 are sealed by a first seal member 151. The second floating tube plate 123 and the inner wall of the body 100 are sealed by a second seal member 153. As a result, the first floating tube plate 121 and the second floating tube plate 123 are free to move with respect to the body 100.

  In the present embodiment, the case where the first fluid is exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine and the second fluid is a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant will be described as an example. The material of the first seal member 151 is preferably selected according to the characteristics of the second fluid. In this case, an elastic material having high corrosion resistance can be suitably used. The material of the second seal member 153 is preferably selected according to the characteristics of the first fluid. In this case, a metal material having high heat resistance can be suitably used. More specifically, as the material of the first seal member 151, at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber can be preferably used. Is particularly preferred. Further, as the material of the second seal member 153, a hollow seal member (metal O-ring, C-ring, etc.) made of metal such as stainless steel, Inconel, such as SUS304, SUS316, SUS310S, SUS444 (JIS G 4304), etc. A sealing member such as an engine piston ring, a mesh ring, a mesh ribbon, a mesh washer, or the like can be preferably used.

  A first partition chamber 141 is defined by the interior of the body 100 and the fixed tube plate 110. A second partition chamber 145 is defined by the interior of the body 100, the fixed tube plate 110, and the first floating tube plate 121. A third partition chamber 147 is defined by the interior of the body 100, the first floating tube plate 121, and the second floating tube plate 123. A fourth partition chamber 143 is defined by the inside of the body 100 and the second floating tube plate 123. The first opening 101 opens to the first partition chamber 141, and the second opening 103 opens to the fourth partition chamber 143.

  The plurality of baffle plates 131 and 133 are metal plates having a shape obtained by cutting out a part of a substantially circular plate along the shape of the inner wall of the body 100, and are fixed inside the body 100. The plurality of baffle plates 131 are fixed to the body 100 such that notches are positioned in the negative direction of the z-axis, and are separated from the body 100 on the negative direction side of the z-axis. The plurality of baffle plates 133 are fixed to the body 100 such that notches are positioned in the positive direction of the z axis, and are separated from the body 100 on the positive direction side of the z axis.

  The plurality of tubes 135 are metal circular tubes. The plurality of tubes 135 extend from the first end to the second end within the body 100. The plurality of tubes 135 penetrate the fixed tube plate 110, the plurality of baffle plates 131, 133, the first floating tube plate 121, and the second floating tube plate 123, and the fixed tube plate 110, the first floating tube plate 121, and The second floating tube plate 123 is fixed at its joint portion. The plurality of tubes 135 are open to the first partition chamber 141 and the fourth partition chamber 143. The plurality of tubes 135 are arranged in a positional relationship that forms a staggered lattice when viewed from the positive direction of the y-axis.

  The third opening 105 is provided on the side near the fixed tube plate 110 between the fixed tube plate 110 and the first floating tube plate 121 of the body 100. The fourth opening 107 is provided on the side close to the first floating tube plate 121 between the fixed tube plate 110 and the first floating tube plate 121 of the body 100. The third opening 105 and the fourth opening 107 are provided at a position that is the positive direction of the z-axis (the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the tube 135) of the cylindrical central portion of the body 100, and the second partition. The chamber 145 opens.

  The fifth opening 109 is provided between the first floating tube plate 121 and the second floating tube plate 123 of the body 100. The fifth opening 109 is provided at a position that is in the negative direction of the z-axis (the direction intersecting the longitudinal direction of the tube 135) of the cylindrical central portion of the body 100, and opens to the third partition 147. Yes.

  A solid line arrow in FIG. 1 indicates a flow path of the first fluid of the heat exchanger 10. The first fluid flows through the first opening 101 and flows into the first partition 141. Subsequently, the first fluid flows through the plurality of pipes 135 in the positive direction of the y-axis, passes through the second partition chamber 145 and the third partition chamber 147, flows into the fourth partition chamber 143, and enters the second partition chamber 143. It flows out from the opening 103.

  The broken-line arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the flow path of the second fluid of the heat exchanger 10. The second fluid flows through the fourth opening 107 and flows into the second partition chamber 145. Since the baffle plates 131 and 133 are disposed in the second partition chamber 145, the second fluid flows in the negative direction of the y-axis while meandering in the z-axis direction and flows out from the third opening 105. In the second partition 145, heat exchange between the first fluid and the second fluid is performed in a counterflow through the tube walls of the plurality of tubes 135.

  When the body 100 and the plurality of tubes 135 are deformed by heat, the first floating tube plate 121 moves in the y direction to relieve the thermal stress. As a result, the second fluid leaks from between the first floating tube plate 121 and the fuselage 100, or the joint between the plurality of tubes 135 and the first floating tube plate 121 is formed between the fuselage 100 and the plurality of tubes 135. It is possible to suppress breakage due to thermal stress due to the difference in elongation and leakage from the breakage portion. However, even if the first floating tube plate 121 moves in the y direction, the leakage of the second fluid may not be sufficiently prevented. For example, when there are variations in temperature among the plurality of tubes 135, thermal stress due to the difference in elongation between the tubes is generated at the joint between the first floating tube plate 121 and the tube 135, and breaks. The second fluid may leak from the part. Further, for example, the second fluid may leak from between the body 100 and the first floating tube plate 121 due to deterioration of the first seal member 151 that seals between the body 100 and the first floating tube plate 121 and the like. is there. Even in these cases, according to the heat exchanger 10, the second fluid stops entering the third partition chamber 147, and flows into the fourth partition chamber 143 beyond the second floating tube plate 123. Absent. The first fluid circulates in the pipe 135 in the third partition chamber 147 and is released to the inside of the body 100 in the fourth partition chamber 143. Therefore, the second fluid leaks and the third partition chamber 147 is leaked. When it enters the inside, it does not come into contact with the first fluid.

  As described above, in the heat exchanger 10, the first fluid enters and exits the body 100 through the first opening 101 and the second opening 103 and flows through the plurality of tubes 135. Since the plurality of tubes 135 penetrates from the fixed tube plate 110 to the second floating tube plate 123, in the third partition chamber 147 (between the first floating tube plate 121 and the second floating tube plate 123), The first fluid circulates inside the tube 135. The second fluid enters and exits the fuselage 100 via the third opening 105 and the fourth opening 107, and enters the second partition chamber 145 (the fixed tube plate 110 and the first floating tube plate 121 inside the fuselage 100). Between). When the second fluid leaks, the second fluid leaks from the first floating tube plate 121 side toward the second end side (positive direction of the y-axis). That is, it leaks from the second partition chamber 145 into the third partition chamber 147 beyond the first floating tube plate 121. In the 3rd partition 147, since the 1st fluid distribute | circulates the inside of the pipe | tube 135, even if a 2nd fluid leaks, it can prevent that a 1st fluid and a 2nd fluid contact.

  Further, in the heat exchanger 10, the fifth opening 109 is provided in the third partition chamber 147 (a partition chamber defined by the inside of the body 100, the first floating tube plate 121, and the second floating tube plate 123). Is provided. When the second fluid leaks into the third partition chamber 147, the fifth opening 109 can be used as a discharge port for discharging the second fluid, and the first fluid and the second fluid are more reliably connected. Contact can be prevented.

  Further, in the heat exchanger 10, the first floating tube plate 121 is movably installed inside the body 100 via the first seal member 151, and the second floating tube plate 123 is configured to be the second seal member 153. It is installed in the inside of the fuselage via the movably. By using a material highly resistant to the second fluid as the material of the first seal member 151 and using a material highly resistant to the first fluid as the second seal member 153, the first fluid and the second fluid Fluid leakage can be more efficiently suppressed.

  The above embodiments are merely examples and do not limit the scope of the claims. For example, in the heat exchanger 10, the first fluid flows into the heat exchanger 10 from the second opening 103, flows in the flow path in the direction opposite to the solid line arrow in FIG. 1, and flows out from the first opening 101. May be. Similarly, the second fluid may flow into the heat exchanger 10 through the third opening 105, flow in a flow path in the opposite direction with respect to the broken arrow in FIG. 1, and flow out from the fourth opening 107. Further, it is not necessary to exchange heat between the first fluid and the second fluid in a counter flow.

  The first fluid and the second fluid are not particularly limited, and either one can be selected as the first fluid and the other can be selected as the second fluid according to the characteristics of the two fluids to be heat exchanged. For example, the first fluid may be exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, and the second fluid may be a refrigerant. Since the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is at a high temperature of about 500 ° C. or higher, the distortion of the entire heat exchanger due to heat is alleviated by flowing through the plurality of pipes 135 instead of flowing through the second partition chamber 145. And it can suppress that a thermal stress arises. Further, the first fluid may be a refrigerant, and the second fluid may be water after cooling the internal combustion engine. Since the water after cooling the internal combustion engine is less than 100 ° C. and has a relatively low temperature, even if it is circulated through the second partition chamber 145, no great thermal stress is generated in the heat exchanger 10. Since the refrigerant is often used at a high pressure, the pressure resistance of the heat exchanger 10 can be improved by circulating the refrigerant through the plurality of tubes 135 having a higher pressure resistance than that of the body 100.

  In the first embodiment, an elastic material having high corrosion resistance is used as the material of the first seal member 151, and a metal material having high heat resistance is used as the material of the second seal member 153. For this reason, the heat exchanger 10 can be suitably used when a high-temperature fluid such as exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is used as the first fluid and a highly corrosive refrigerant is used as the second fluid.

  The material of the first seal member 151 is preferably selected as appropriate in accordance with the characteristics of the second fluid, and the material of the second seal member 153 is preferably selected as appropriate in accordance with the characteristics of the first fluid. Specifically, for example, when the corresponding fluid is a fluorocarbon refrigerant, oil or the like, at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber is preferably used. Hydrogenated nitrile rubber is particularly preferred.

  Further, when the corresponding fluid is exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, a material having high corrosion resistance and high heat resistance can be suitably used. Specific examples of the elastic material include nitrile rubber, silicon rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and the like. Fluorine rubber and butyl rubber are particularly excellent in corrosion resistance, and silicon rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, and fluorine rubber are particularly excellent in heat resistance. As the metal material, stainless steel, inconel, or the like can be suitably used.

  Moreover, when the corresponding fluid is water after cooling the internal combustion engine, a material having high corrosion resistance can be suitably used. Specifically, at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, and urethane rubber can be suitably used, and ethylene propylene rubber and fluorine rubber are particularly preferable.

  In addition, the fifth opening 109 is not necessarily an essential configuration in order to obtain an effect of preventing the first fluid and the second fluid from contacting each other when the second fluid leaks.

  In addition, at least one of the pressure and temperature in the third partition chamber 147 in the third partition chamber 147 defined by the inside of the body 100, the first floating tube plate 121, and the second floating tube plate 123. A detector capable of detecting one may be provided. When the second fluid enters the third partition chamber 147, the pressure and temperature in the third partition chamber 147 change, so that the detector can detect leakage of the second fluid.

  Further, the fifth opening 109 is opened and closed, and when the leakage of the second fluid is detected by the detector, the fifth opening 109 is opened and the second fluid is discharged. Also good. Moreover, when the leakage of the second fluid is detected by the detector, control may be performed to reduce the fluid pressure by, for example, reducing the output of a pump or the like for circulating the second fluid.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment and the Example of this invention were described in detail, these are only illustrations and do not limit a claim. The technology described in the claims includes various modifications and changes of the specific examples illustrated above.

  The technical elements described in this specification or the drawings exhibit technical usefulness alone or in various combinations, and are not limited to the combinations described in the claims at the time of filing. In addition, the technology exemplified in this specification or the drawings can achieve a plurality of objects at the same time, and has technical usefulness by achieving one of the objects.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10: Heat exchanger 100: Body 101: 1st opening part 103: 2nd opening part 105: 3rd opening part 107: 4th opening part 109: 5th opening part 110: Fixed tube board 121: 1st floating tube board 123: second floating tube plates 131, 133: baffle plate 135: tube 141: first partition chamber 145: second partition chamber 147: third partition chamber 143: fourth partition chamber 151: first seal member 153: second Seal member

Claims (10)

A container-like body having a first end and a second end;
A first opening provided at the first end and through which the first fluid flows;
A second opening provided at the second end and through which the first fluid flows;
A fixed tube plate disposed on the first end side inside the fuselage;
A first floating tube plate disposed on the second end side inside the body;
A second floating tube plate disposed closer to the second end than the first floating tube plate inside the body;
A third opening through which the second fluid flows, provided on the side of the body close to the fixed tube plate between the fixed tube plate and the first floating tube plate;
A fourth opening provided on the side of the body close to the first floating tube plate between the fixed tube plate and the first floating tube plate, through which the second fluid flows;
It is disposed inside the body, extends from the first end portion to the second end portion, penetrates the fixed tube plate, the first floating tube plate, and the second floating tube plate, and the inside thereof is the first A plurality of pipes through which fluid flows,
The first floating tube plate is movably installed inside the body through a first seal member,
The second floating tube sheet is a heat exchanger that is movably installed inside the body via a second seal member. The material of the first seal member is an elastic material,
The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a material of the second seal member is a metal material.   The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the first seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber.   The heat exchanger according to claim 2, wherein the second seal member is made of stainless steel or Inconel. The first seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber,
The second seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, silicon rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, chloroprene rubber, butyl rubber, and styrene butadiene rubber. The heat exchanger according to claim 1. The first seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and butyl rubber,
2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the second seal member is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, fluorine rubber, and urethane rubber.   A detector capable of detecting at least one of pressure and temperature in the partition chamber is provided in a partition chamber defined by the interior of the body, the first floating tube plate, and the second floating tube plate. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:   The discharge port for the second fluid is provided in a partition chamber defined by the inside of the body, the first floating tube plate, and the second floating tube plate. The heat exchanger according to one item.   The said heat exchanger is a heat exchanger as described in any one of Claims 1-8 which is a heat exchanger for vehicles mounted in a vehicle.   The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the heat exchanger is a heat exchanger for recovering waste heat of an internal combustion engine.

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