JP2015055186A - Seal apparatus, method for manufacturing seal apparatus, and fluid machine - Google Patents

Seal apparatus, method for manufacturing seal apparatus, and fluid machine Download PDF

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JP2015055186A
JP2015055186A JP2013188846A JP2013188846A JP2015055186A JP 2015055186 A JP2015055186 A JP 2015055186A JP 2013188846 A JP2013188846 A JP 2013188846A JP 2013188846 A JP2013188846 A JP 2013188846A JP 2015055186 A JP2015055186 A JP 2015055186A
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sealing device
abradable layer
base material
solid lubricant
fluid
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JP6163059B2 (en
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隆裕 仁木
Takahiro Niki
隆裕 仁木
上村　健司
Kenji Kamimura
健司 上村
敏幸 峯村
Toshiyuki Minemura
敏幸 峯村
浅井　知
Satoru Asai
知 浅井
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a seal apparatus, a method for manufacturing the seal apparatus, and a fluid machine, which are capable of improving reliability about fluid leakage sealing.SOLUTION: According to an embodiment, a seal apparatus includes a seal fin 36 disposed in either one of a rotary part and a stationary part 32 with a gap therebetween so as to seal leakage of fluid from the gap. An abradable layer 31 is disposed on a base material 30 of the rotary part or the stationary part facing the seal fin. The abradable layer allows a solid lubricant 33 to be included inside an unmelted base material 34.

Description

本発明の実施形態は、シール装置及びシール装置の製造方法、流体機械に関する。   Embodiments described herein relate generally to a sealing device, a manufacturing method of the sealing device, and a fluid machine.

発電プラントに使用される蒸気タービンやガスタービンの仕事効率は、タービン動翼を回転させて動力（回転トルク）を発生させる流体量に影響している。つまり、タービンの静止部と回転部との隙間から漏出する流体を如何に低減させるかのシール技術がタービン性能を左右する。このため、動力発生に寄与しない流体の漏出を抑制するシール技術は、タービンの性能を向上させる重要な技術として位置付けられている。 The work efficiency of a steam turbine or a gas turbine used in a power plant affects the amount of fluid that generates power (rotational torque) by rotating turbine blades. In other words, the turbine technology affects the performance of the sealing technique for reducing the fluid leaking from the gap between the stationary part and the rotating part of the turbine. For this reason, the sealing technique which suppresses the leakage of the fluid which does not contribute to power generation is positioned as an important technique for improving the performance of the turbine.

このように、仕事効率向上にとって重要な技術として位置付けられているシール技術を組み込んだ蒸気タービンには、例えば図６に示すものがある。 As described above, for example, a steam turbine incorporating a sealing technique positioned as an important technique for improving work efficiency is shown in FIG.

この蒸気タービン１００は、タービンロータ１０１に複数枚のタービン動翼１０２が周方向に設けられて構成された回転部１０３と、タービン動翼１０２へ蒸気を案内するタービンノズル１０４がダイアフラム内輪１０５及びダイアフラム外輪１０６に支持されて構成された静止部１０７と、を有している。 The steam turbine 100 includes a rotating unit 103 configured by providing a turbine rotor 101 with a plurality of turbine rotor blades 102 in the circumferential direction, and a turbine nozzle 104 that guides steam to the turbine rotor blade 102 with a diaphragm inner ring 105 and a diaphragm. And a stationary part 107 supported by the outer ring 106.

タービン動翼１０２とタービンノズル１０４とは対をなしてタービン段落を構成し、このタービン段落がタービンロータ１０１の軸方向に複数段に亘って配列されている。尚、ダイアフラム外輪１０６はタービンケーシング１０８に係合されている。 The turbine rotor blade 102 and the turbine nozzle 104 form a pair of turbine stages, and the turbine stages are arranged in a plurality of stages in the axial direction of the turbine rotor 101. The diaphragm outer ring 106 is engaged with the turbine casing 108.

上述の回転部１０３と静止部１０７とは隙間１０９を設けて配置され、この隙間１０９からの蒸気の漏出が、シールフィン１１１を備えたシール装置１１０によって封止される。つまり、タービン動翼１０２のシュラウド１１２に設けられたシールフィン１１１が、タービン動翼１０２のシュラウド１１２とダイアフラム外輪１０６との隙間１０９からの蒸気の漏出を封止している。また、ダイアフラム内輪１０５に設けられたシールフィン１１１が、ダイアフラム内輪１０５とタービンロータ１０１との隙間１０９からの蒸気の漏出を封止している。 The rotating part 103 and the stationary part 107 described above are arranged with a gap 109, and the leakage of steam from the gap 109 is sealed by a sealing device 110 provided with seal fins 111. That is, the seal fin 111 provided on the shroud 112 of the turbine blade 102 seals the leakage of steam from the gap 109 between the shroud 112 of the turbine blade 102 and the diaphragm outer ring 106. Further, seal fins 111 provided on the diaphragm inner ring 105 seal steam leakage from the gap 109 between the diaphragm inner ring 105 and the turbine rotor 101.

尚、静止部１０７と回転部１０３との隙間１０９にシール装置１１０を設けた技術については、数多くの発明が開示されている。 In addition, many inventions are disclosed about the technique which provided the sealing apparatus 110 in the clearance gap 109 of the stationary part 107 and the rotation part 103. FIG.

図６に示すシール装置１１０は、蒸気タービンやガスタービン等の流体機械に従来から数多く使用されてきたが、運転中に発生する振動等によって、静止部１０７としてのタービンノズル１０４、及びこのタービンノズル１０４を支持するダイアフラム内外輪１０５、１０６と、回転部１０３としてのタービンロータ１０１、タービン動翼１０２及びシュラウド１１２とが接触し、シールフィン１１１の一部が折損もしくは減耗し、蒸気等の漏出を確実に封止することに限界があった。 The sealing device 110 shown in FIG. 6 has been conventionally used in many fluid machines such as steam turbines and gas turbines. However, the turbine nozzle 104 as the stationary portion 107 and the turbine nozzle due to vibrations generated during operation are used. Diaphragm inner and outer rings 105 and 106 that support 104, and the turbine rotor 101, turbine rotor blade 102, and shroud 112 as the rotating unit 103 come into contact with each other, and part of the seal fin 111 breaks or wears out, thereby leaking steam and the like. There was a limit to sealing reliably.

このような状況の下、最近のシール装置１１０では、回転部１０３または静止部１０７のうち、シールフィン１１１に対峙するいずれか一方の基材に、被削性に富むアブレイダブル層（不図示）を被覆させた技術が提案されている。 Under such circumstances, in the recent sealing device 110, an abradable layer (not shown) rich in machinability is formed on any one of the rotating unit 103 and the stationary unit 107 facing the seal fin 111. ) Has been proposed.

特開２００１−１２３８０３号公報JP 2001-123803 A 特開２００５−２２０８７９号公報Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-220879 特開２００７−１７０３０２号公報JP 2007-170302 A

ところで、前記アブレイダブル層は、コーティング材中にプラスチックやグラファイトなどの強度の低い物質を分散させてあたかもスポンジのような層になっているものや、ＢＮ（ベントナイト）のような固体潤滑剤を分散させたものがあり、いずれも被削性を確保している。 By the way, the abradable layer is formed by dispersing a low-strength material such as plastic or graphite in a coating material as if it is a layer like a sponge, or a solid lubricant such as BN (bentonite). There are dispersed ones, all of which ensure machinability.

このため、アブレイダブル層は、蒸気タービン１００の運転中に、振動等によってシールフィン１１１と静止部１０７または回転部１０８とが接触しても、シールフィン１１１の折損を防止できるものの、蒸気中に含まれる酸化スケール等の異物で侵食・減肉する挙動が発生する恐れがある。 For this reason, the abradable layer can prevent breakage of the seal fin 111 even if the seal fin 111 and the stationary part 107 or the rotating part 108 come into contact with each other due to vibration or the like during operation of the steam turbine 100. There is a risk that erosion / thinning behavior may occur due to foreign matter such as oxide scale contained in.

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、流体の漏出封止に関する信頼性を向上できるシール装置及びシール装置の製造方法、流体機械を提供することである。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sealing device, a manufacturing method of the sealing device, and a fluid machine that can improve the reliability related to fluid leakage sealing.

本実施形態に係るシール装置は、隙間を設けて配置された回転部と静止部のうち、いずれか一方にシールフィンを備えて、前記隙間からの流体の漏出を封止するシール装置において、前記シールフィンに対峙する前記回転部または前記静止部の基材にアブレイダブル層が設けられ、このアブレイダブル層は、未溶融母材の内部に固体潤滑剤を内包させて構成されたものである。 The sealing device according to the present embodiment includes a sealing fin provided in any one of a rotating unit and a stationary unit arranged with a gap, and seals leakage of fluid from the gap. An abradable layer is provided on the base of the rotating part or the stationary part facing the seal fin, and this abradable layer is configured by enclosing a solid lubricant inside an unmelted base material. is there.

本実施形態のシール装置を示す図。The figure which shows the sealing device of this embodiment. 本実施形態のシール装置を静止部に適用した具体例を示す図。The figure which shows the specific example which applied the sealing device of this embodiment to the stationary part. 本実施形態のシール装置を回転部に適用した具体例を示す図。The figure which shows the specific example which applied the sealing device of this embodiment to the rotation part. 本実施形態のシール装置をシュラウドおよびシールフィンに適用した具体例を示す図。The figure which shows the specific example which applied the sealing apparatus of this embodiment to the shroud and the seal fin. 従来の蒸気タービンにおけるシール装置を、タービン動翼及びタービンノズル等と共に示す部分断面図。The fragmentary sectional view which shows the sealing device in the conventional steam turbine with a turbine rotor blade, a turbine nozzle, etc. FIG.

以下、実施形態のシール装置及びシール装置の製造方法、流体機械を図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, a sealing device, a manufacturing method of the sealing device, and a fluid machine according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

（実施形態）
図１は第１の実施形態のシール装置を示す図である。シール装置は、図示しないシールフィンに対峙する回転部と静止部のうち、いずれか一方の基材３０にアブレイダブル層３１が設けられている。アブレイダブル層３１は、未溶融母材３４の内部に固体潤滑剤３３を内包させる構成である。未溶融母材３４は、固体潤滑剤３３よりも強度の高い金属材料であればよく、例えば、リン青銅などの銅系合金、アルミやＣｕＡｌなどのアルミ系合金、ホワイトメタルなどのすず系合金などの軟質な金属であってもよいし、（ニッケル基合金、コバルト基合金、高クロム系合金）などの硬質な金属であってもよい。 (Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a sealing device according to a first embodiment. In the sealing device, an abradable layer 31 is provided on any one of the base material 30 among a rotating part and a stationary part facing a seal fin (not shown). The abradable layer 31 has a configuration in which a solid lubricant 33 is included in an unmelted base material 34. The unmelted base material 34 may be a metal material having a higher strength than the solid lubricant 33, such as a copper alloy such as phosphor bronze, an aluminum alloy such as aluminum or CuAl, a tin alloy such as white metal, or the like. Or a hard metal such as (nickel base alloy, cobalt base alloy, high chromium alloy).

被削性と、耐食性の双方に優れたアブレイダブル層３１を形成するために、コールドスプレー法と呼ばれる成膜技術を適用する。本手法は空気、窒素またはヘリウム等の圧縮気体により、数10μmオーダーの金属微粒子を亜音速から超音速レベルにまで加速し、固相状態のまま基材に衝突させることにより皮膜を形成させる技術である。本手法は、粒子を溶融させることなく固相状態のまま成膜する点で、従来のガス炎・プラズマ溶射と決定的に異なる。 In order to form the abradable layer 31 excellent in both machinability and corrosion resistance, a film forming technique called a cold spray method is applied. This method is a technology that forms a film by accelerating metal particles of the order of several tens of μm from subsonic to supersonic level with a compressed gas such as air, nitrogen or helium, and colliding with the substrate in the solid state. is there. This method is decisively different from conventional gas flame / plasma spraying in that the film is formed in a solid phase without melting particles.

コールドスプレー法で施工することにより、アブレイダブル層３１は、未溶融母材３４の内部に固体潤滑剤３３を内包させる構成となる。 By applying the cold spray method, the abradable layer 31 has a configuration in which the solid lubricant 33 is included in the unmelted base material 34.

図２は第１の実施形態のシール装置を静止部３２に適用した具体例を示す図である。回転部３５を、タービン動翼の先端に設置されたシュラウド３７とし、このシュラウド３７に設けられたシールフィン３６に対峙する静止部３２をダイアフラム外輪とし、このダイアフラム外輪の基材３０にアブレイダブル層３１が設けられている。 FIG. 2 is a view showing a specific example in which the sealing device of the first embodiment is applied to the stationary part 32. The rotating portion 35 is a shroud 37 installed at the tip of the turbine rotor blade, the stationary portion 32 facing the seal fin 36 provided on the shroud 37 is a diaphragm outer ring, and an abradable is attached to the base material 30 of the diaphragm outer ring. A layer 31 is provided.

図３は本実施形態のシール装置を回転部３５に適用した具体例を示す図である。静止部３２をタービンノズルを支持するダイアフラム内輪とし、このダイアフラム内輪に設けられたシールフィン３６に対峙する回転部３５をタービンロータまたは低圧タービンロータとし、このタービンロータまたは低圧タービンロータの基材３０にアブレイダブル層３１が設けられている。 FIG. 3 is a view showing a specific example in which the sealing device of the present embodiment is applied to the rotating unit 35. The stationary part 32 is a diaphragm inner ring that supports the turbine nozzle, and the rotating part 35 that faces the seal fin 36 provided on the diaphragm inner ring is a turbine rotor or a low-pressure turbine rotor. An abradable layer 31 is provided.

図４は本実施形態のシール装置をシュラウド３７およびシールフィン３６に適用した具体例を示す図である。回転部３５であるタービン動翼のシュラウド３７をアブレイダブル層で形成し、このシュラウド３７に設けたシールフィン３６に対峙する静止部３２をダイアフラム外輪としている。 FIG. 4 is a view showing a specific example in which the sealing device of the present embodiment is applied to the shroud 37 and the seal fin 36. A turbine blade shroud 37 that is a rotating portion 35 is formed of an abradable layer, and a stationary portion 32 that faces a seal fin 36 provided on the shroud 37 is a diaphragm outer ring.

ここで、静止部３２又は回転部３５の基材３０は、マルテンサイトまたはベイナイト組成の鉄基合金である。 Here, the base material 30 of the stationary part 32 or the rotating part 35 is an iron-based alloy having a martensite or bainite composition.

また、アブレイダブル層３１の固体潤滑剤３３は、未溶融母材より高度が低い材料が選択され、被削性に優れる。例えば、ＮｉＣｒＡｌ合金及びＢＮからなる組成物、またはＮｉＣｒＦｅＡｌ合金及びＢＮからなる組成物である。 Further, as the solid lubricant 33 of the abradable layer 31, a material having a lower altitude than the unmelted base material is selected, and the machinability is excellent. For example, a composition made of NiCrAl alloy and BN, or a composition made of NiCrFeAl alloy and BN.

アブレイダブル層３１の固体潤滑剤３３の割合を任意に調整し、アブレイダブル層３１中の固体潤滑剤３３の分散率を調整することにより、アブレイダブル層３１の強度を特徴付ける未溶融母材３４同士の結合率を変化させ、被削性を調整することができる。 The ratio of the solid lubricant 33 in the abradable layer 31 is arbitrarily adjusted, and the dispersion ratio of the solid lubricant 33 in the abradable layer 31 is adjusted to thereby adjust the strength of the abradable layer 31. The machinability can be adjusted by changing the bonding rate between the materials 34.

本実施形態によれば、コールドスプレー法で施工するアブレイダブル層３１は未溶融なため、バルク金属の特性を反映したアブレイダブル層を形成でき、ニッケル基合金に代表される高温特性や酸化特性に優れた層を形成することができる。 According to this embodiment, since the abradable layer 31 to be applied by the cold spray method is not melted, an abradable layer reflecting the characteristics of the bulk metal can be formed. A layer having excellent characteristics can be formed.

また、材料が溶融した後に形成されるアブレイダブル層は、材料および固体潤滑剤の高温溶融時の挙動が被削性に大きな影響を与え、被削性の調整が困難であったが、本実施形態のアブレイダブル層では、未溶融なアブレイダブル材で構成されているため、固体潤滑剤の配合割合を調整することで、容易な被削性を調整することができる。 In addition, the abradable layer formed after the material was melted had a large effect on the machinability due to the high temperature melting behavior of the material and solid lubricant, and it was difficult to adjust the machinability. Since the abradable layer of the embodiment is made of an unmelted abradable material, easy machinability can be adjusted by adjusting the blending ratio of the solid lubricant.

従来のアブレイダブルシール装置では、蒸気中に含まれる酸化スケール等の異物により、アブレイダブル層が侵食されることがあり、適用困難な部位があった。しかし、本実施形態のシール装置は、（被削性を容易に調整できるため、適用の範囲が広く、タービンの更なる効率向上が見込める。 In the conventional abradable seal device, the abradable layer may be eroded by foreign matters such as oxide scales contained in the vapor, and there are parts that are difficult to apply. However, the sealing device of the present embodiment is (the machinability can be easily adjusted, so the range of application is wide and further efficiency improvement of the turbine can be expected.

以上述べた実施形態によれば、流体の漏出封止に関する信頼性を向上できる。 According to the embodiment described above, it is possible to improve the reliability related to fluid leakage sealing.

本発明のいくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。これら新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。
Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

３０ 基材
３１ アブレイダブル層
３２ 静止部
３３ 固体潤滑剤
３４ 未溶融母材
３５ 回転部
３６ シールフィン
３７ シュラウド 30 Base material 31 Abradable layer 32 Stationary part 33 Solid lubricant 34 Unmelted base material 35 Rotating part 36 Seal fin 37 Shroud

Claims (7)

隙間を設けて配置された回転部と静止部のうち、いずれか一方にシールフィンを備えて、前記隙間からの流体の漏出を封止するシール装置において、
前記シールフィンに対峙する前記回転部または前記静止部の基材にアブレイダブル層が設けられ、このアブレイダブル層は、未溶融母材の内部に固体潤滑剤を内包させて構成されたシール装置。 In a sealing device that includes a seal fin on one of the rotating part and the stationary part arranged with a gap and seals leakage of fluid from the gap,
An abradable layer is provided on the base of the rotating part or the stationary part facing the seal fin, and this abradable layer is a seal formed by enclosing a solid lubricant inside an unmelted base material. apparatus. 前記未溶融母材は、固体潤滑剤よりも強度の高い金属材料である請求項１に記載のシール装置。 The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the unmelted base material is a metal material having higher strength than a solid lubricant. 前記未溶融母材は、銅系合金、アルミ系合金、すず系合金のいずれかである請求項１に記載のシール装置。 The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the unmelted base material is any one of a copper alloy, an aluminum alloy, and a tin alloy. 前記アブレイダブル層は、コールドスプレー法を用いて形成させた請求項１乃至３のいずれか１項に記載のシール装置。 The sealing device according to claim 1, wherein the abradable layer is formed using a cold spray method. 隙間を設けて配置された回転部と静止部のうち、いずれか一方にシールフィンを備えて、前記隙間からの流体の漏出を封止するシール装置の製造方法において、
前記シールフィンに対峙する前記回転部または前記静止部の基材にコールドスプレー法を用いてアブレイダブル層を設けることにより、未溶融母材の内部に固体潤滑剤を内包させるシール装置の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the sealing device, which includes a seal fin in one of the rotating part and the stationary part arranged with a gap, and seals leakage of fluid from the gap,
A manufacturing method of a sealing device in which a solid lubricant is included in an unmelted base material by providing an abradable layer on a base material of the rotating part or the stationary part facing the seal fin using a cold spray method . 前記アブレイダブル層は、固体潤滑剤の割合を調整して、アブレイダブル層中の固体潤滑剤の分散率を調整する請求項５に記載のシール装置の製造方法。 The method for manufacturing a sealing device according to claim 5, wherein the abradable layer adjusts a dispersion ratio of the solid lubricant in the abradable layer by adjusting a ratio of the solid lubricant. タービンロータに複数枚のタービン動翼が周方向に設けられて構成された回転部と、前記タービン動翼へ作動流体を案内するタービンノズルがダイアフラム内輪及びダイアフラム外輪に支持されて構成された静止部と、を有する流体機械おいて、
請求項１乃至４のいずれか１項に記載のシール装置を備えた流体機械。 A rotating part configured by providing a plurality of turbine rotor blades in the circumferential direction on a turbine rotor, and a stationary part configured by supporting a turbine nozzle for guiding a working fluid to the turbine rotor blades on a diaphragm inner ring and a diaphragm outer ring And a fluid machine having
A fluid machine comprising the sealing device according to claim 1.
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