JP2015050328A - Condenser lens and photovoltaic power generation system using the same - Google Patents
Condenser lens and photovoltaic power generation system using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、太陽光発電の技術分野に属し、更に詳細には、集光式太陽光発電装置、特に集光式太陽光発電装置において使用される集光レンズの改良に関する。 The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and more particularly relates to improvement of a concentrating solar power generation device, and more particularly to a condensing lens used in the concentrating solar power generation device.
太陽光発電装置のなかには、寸法が小さく発電効率のよい発電セル（太陽光発電素子又は太陽電池）に集光レンズを用いて太陽光を集光して発電させるタイプの装置がある。このタイプの太陽光発電装置即ち集光式太陽光発電装置においては、発電量を増大させるため、集光された光を発電セルに照射させるための太陽光の追尾システム、より高効率の発電セル、および、より集光倍率の高い集光レンズが用いられている。 Among solar power generation apparatuses, there is a type of apparatus that generates power by collecting sunlight using a condensing lens in a power generation cell (solar power generation element or solar battery) having a small size and good power generation efficiency. In this type of solar power generation device, that is, a concentrating solar power generation device, in order to increase the amount of power generation, a solar tracking system for irradiating the power generation cell with the condensed light, a more efficient power generation cell In addition, a condensing lens having a higher condensing magnification is used.
このような集光式太陽光発電装置における技術的課題として、発電セルの受光面上での光量分布の均一性の向上が挙げられる。通常の集光レンズは設計上光が１点に収束するように製造されるが、これをそのまま集光式太陽光発電装置の集光レンズに適用すると、以下のような問題が発生する。即ち、光は発電セルの受光面内のレンズ焦点に相当する１点にのみ集中してしまう。発電セルの発電量は、基本的には発電セルの受光量によるものであるが、受光面内での光量分布の不均一性が高い場合には、発電セルの発電性能を決める要素の一つである曲線因子（フィルファクター：ＦＦ値）が低下し、発電効率が低下してしまう。 As a technical problem in such a concentrating solar power generation device, there is an improvement in the uniformity of the light amount distribution on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell. A normal condensing lens is manufactured so that light converges to one point by design, but if this is applied as it is to a condensing lens of a concentrating solar power generation device, the following problems occur. That is, the light is concentrated only at one point corresponding to the lens focal point in the light receiving surface of the power generation cell. The amount of power generated by the power generation cell is basically based on the amount of light received by the power generation cell. The fill factor (fill factor: FF value) is reduced, and the power generation efficiency is reduced.
この問題を解決するために、発電セルを集光レンズの焦点位置から光軸に沿ってずらして配置し、これにより発電セルの受光面上での光量分布を均一化させることが可能であることは、一般的に知られている。しかしながら、この方法では、集光レンズを通過する光のうち発電セルに到達しなくなる光の割合も増えてしまい、結果的に発電セルの発電効率は向上しない。 In order to solve this problem, it is possible to dispose the power generation cell by shifting it from the focal position of the condenser lens along the optical axis, thereby making it possible to make the light quantity distribution on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell uniform. Is generally known. However, with this method, the proportion of light that does not reach the power generation cell out of the light passing through the condenser lens also increases, and as a result, the power generation efficiency of the power generation cell does not improve.
発電セルの受光面での光量分布の均一化に着目した先行技術としては、ＬＰＩ社（Light Prescriptions Innovators社）のFresnel-Kohler concentratorが知られている（特許文献１）。特許文献１の発明は、集光機能を有する平面形状のフレネルレンズを光軸と直交する面内において縦横に４分割し、それぞれの分割領域の焦点位置を光軸と直交する面内においてずらすことにより、発電セルの受光面内での光量分布の均一化を図ったものである。しかるに、前述のような、集光レンズを通過する光のうち発電セルに到達しなくなる光の割合が増えるという問題については、特許文献１の発明を用いても本質的に変わりなく同様に存在する。 A Fresnel-Kohler concentrator of LPI (Light Prescriptions Innovators) is known as a prior art that focuses on the uniform distribution of light quantity on the light receiving surface of a power generation cell (Patent Document 1). In the invention of Patent Document 1, a planar Fresnel lens having a condensing function is divided into four in the vertical and horizontal directions in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis, and the focal position of each divided region is shifted in the plane orthogonal to the optical axis. Thus, the light quantity distribution in the light receiving surface of the power generation cell is made uniform. However, the above-mentioned problem that the proportion of the light that does not reach the power generation cell among the light passing through the condenser lens increases is essentially the same even if the invention of Patent Document 1 is used. .
また、太陽光発電における発電量に関する解析については、非特許文献１に記載がある。 Further, Non-Patent Document 1 describes the analysis on the power generation amount in solar power generation.
本発明は、発電セルの受光面上での受光総量を低下させることなく発電セル受光面上での光量分布の均一性を向上させることで発電セルの発電効率を向上させることのできる太陽光発電装置用の集光レンズ及びそれを用いた太陽光発電装置の何れかの提供を目的とする。 The present invention is a photovoltaic power generation capable of improving the power generation efficiency of a power generation cell by improving the uniformity of the light quantity distribution on the light reception surface of the power generation cell without reducing the total amount of light received on the light reception surface of the power generation cell. It aims at providing either the condensing lens for apparatuses, and the solar power generation device using the same.
本発明者らは、特許文献１の発明で発電セルに到達しなくなる光は主にレンズの中心から大きく離れた周辺部を通る光であることを見出し、レンズ周辺部をレンズ中央部とは別のレンズ領域となし、このレンズ領域のレンズ焦点位置が発電セル受光面の中心となるようにして、複合型のレンズ設計にすることにより、発電セル受光面での光量分布均一性が高められ、かつ受光総量が低下しないことを見出し、本発明を完成させた。 The inventors of the present invention have found that the light that does not reach the power generation cell in the invention of Patent Document 1 is mainly light that passes through a peripheral part far away from the center of the lens, and separates the lens peripheral part from the lens central part. No lens area, the lens focal point position of this lens area is the center of the power generation cell light receiving surface, and by making a composite lens design, the light quantity distribution uniformity on the power generation cell light receiving surface is improved, And it discovered that the total amount of light received did not fall, and completed this invention.
即ち、本発明によれば、上記目的を達成するものとして、
中央部レンズ領域Ａとその外側の外周部レンズ領域Ｂとが設けられ、
中央部レンズ領域Ａは、複数の小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎ｛ここでｎは２以上の整数｝を含み、
複数の小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎのそれぞれのレンズ焦点は、互いに離れて位置し、且つ外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸から離れた位置にある、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズ、
が提供される。
That is, according to the present invention, the above object is achieved as follows:
A central lens region A and an outer peripheral lens region B outside the central lens region A;
The central lens region A includes a plurality of small lens regions A1 to An {where n is an integer of 2 or more}
Each of the lens focal points of the plurality of small lens regions A1 to An is located away from each other and is away from the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B.
Is provided.
本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一態様においては、中央部レンズ領域Ａは、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸の方向から見て、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの中心を通り互いに直交する２つの直線を分割線として４つの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４に分割されている。本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一態様においては、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４は、いずれも正方形状をなし、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形は中央部レンズ領域Ａと同心且つ同一方向性の正方形である。本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一態様においては、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４の一辺の長さＤと、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形の正方形の一辺の長さＬとが、０．０３Ｌ≦Ｄ≦０．４８Ｌの関係にある。 In one aspect of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device of the present invention, the central lens region A is the center of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device when viewed from the lens optical axis direction of the outer peripheral lens region B. Two straight lines orthogonal to each other are divided into four small lens areas A1 to A4 with dividing lines. In one aspect of the condensing lens for a solar power generation device of the present invention, each of the small lens regions A1 to A4 has a square shape, and the outer shape of the outer peripheral lens region B is concentric and in the same direction as the central lens region A. Is a sex square. In one aspect of the condensing lens for a solar power generation device of the present invention, the length D of one side of the small lens regions A1 to A4 and the length L of one side of the outer shape of the outer lens region B are 0. .03L ≦ D ≦ 0.48L.
本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一態様においては、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎのそれぞれのレンズ光軸は、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸と平行である。本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一態様においては、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎのそれぞれのレンズ焦点は、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ焦点平面上にある。本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一態様においては、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸は太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの中心を通る。 In one aspect of the condensing lens for a solar power generation device of the present invention, the lens optical axes of the small lens regions A1 to An are parallel to the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B. In one aspect of the condensing lens for a solar power generation device of the present invention, the lens focal points of the small lens regions A1 to An are on the lens focal plane of the outer peripheral lens region B. In one aspect of the condensing lens for a solar power generation device of the present invention, the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B passes through the center of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device.
また、本発明によれば、上記目的を達成するものとして、
太陽光発電装置用集光レンズと、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズにより集光された光が入射する受光面を備えた発電セルと、を含む太陽光発電装置、
が提供される。
In addition, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved as follows:
A solar power generation device including a condensing lens for a solar power generation device and a power generation cell having a light receiving surface on which light collected by the condensing lens for the solar power generation device is incident;
Is provided.
本発明の太陽光発電装置の一態様においては、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸は、発電セルの受光面の中心を通る。 In the one aspect | mode of the solar power generation device of this invention, the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral part lens area | region B of the condensing lens for solar power generation devices passes through the center of the light-receiving surface of a power generation cell.
本発明の太陽光発電装置の一態様においては、
太陽光発電装置用集光レンズにおいて、中央部レンズ領域Ａは、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸の方向から見て、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの中心を通り互いに直交する２つの直線を分割線として４つの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４に分割されており、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４は、いずれも正方形状をなし、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形は中央部レンズ領域Ａと同心且つ同一方向性の正方形であり、
発電セルの受光面は、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形と同一方向性の正方形状をなし、
互いに直交する２つの分割線のそれぞれの方向に関して、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸と小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のそれぞれのレンズ光軸との距離（即ち各分割線方向に関する「ずれ量」）Ｓと、発電セルの受光面の一辺の長さＣとが、０．０３Ｃ≦Ｓ≦０．５Ｃの関係にある。
In one aspect of the solar power generation device of the present invention,
In the concentrating lens for a solar power generation device, the central lens region A has two straight lines that are orthogonal to each other through the center of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device when viewed from the lens optical axis direction of the outer peripheral lens region B. Is divided into four small lens areas A1 to A4, and the small lens areas A1 to A4 are all square, and the outer lens area B has the same outer shape as the central lens area A. A directional square,
The light receiving surface of the power generation cell has a square shape in the same direction as the outer shape of the outer peripheral lens region B of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device,
The distance between the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B and the lens optical axis of each of the small lens regions A1 to A4 (that is, the “deviation amount” in each dividing line direction) with respect to the directions of the two dividing lines orthogonal to each other. S and the length C of one side of the light receiving surface of the power generation cell have a relationship of 0.03C ≦ S ≦ 0.5C.
本発明により、発電セル受光面での光量分布均一性が高く高効率な太陽光発電装置用集光レンズ及びそれを用いた太陽光発電装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-efficiency condensing lens for a solar power generation device with high uniformity of light amount distribution on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell and a solar power generation device using the same.
以下、本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズ及びそれを用いた太陽光発電装置の概要について、図を用いて説明する。 Hereinafter, the outline | summary of the condensing lens for solar power generation devices of this invention and a solar power generation device using the same is demonstrated using figures.
＜集光レンズ＞
図３は、本発明の太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの一実施形態を示す平面図である。集光レンズは、全体として一辺の長さがＬの正方形板状をなしており、レンズ中心を含む中央部レンズ領域Ａとその外側の外周部レンズ領域Ｂとが設けられている。中央部レンズ領域Ａは、複数の小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎ｛ここでｎは２以上の整数｝を含む。ｎは、例えば２〜８であり、好ましくは３〜６であり、本実施形態では４である。ｎは、２以上であれば光量分布の均一性を高める効果があり、８以下であれば集光レンズ製造が一層容易になる。
<Condensing lens>
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a condensing lens for a solar power generation device of the present invention. The condenser lens as a whole has a square plate shape with one side of length L, and is provided with a central lens region A including the lens center and an outer peripheral lens region B outside thereof. The central lens area A includes a plurality of small lens areas A1 to An {where n is an integer of 2 or more}. n is, for example, 2 to 8, preferably 3 to 6, and 4 in this embodiment. If n is 2 or more, there is an effect of improving the uniformity of the light quantity distribution, and if it is 8 or less, the manufacturing of the condensing lens becomes easier.
集光レンズの材料としては、ガラスや合成樹脂等の透明材質を使用することができる。合成樹脂としては、例えば、アクリル系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、塩化ビニル系樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリスチレン、または、メチルメタクリレート（ＭＭＡ）とスチレン（Ｓｔ）との共重合体等の高透明性の種々の合成樹脂を用いることができる。これらの樹脂は、金型を用いて、平面板を加熱しプレス成形する、または、加熱溶融した樹脂を射出成形する等の方法で、所望の集光レンズ形状に成形加工することができる。特に、ポリメチルメタクリレート（ＰＭＭＡ）等のメタクリル樹脂が、その光線透過率の高さ、耐熱性、力学的特性、成形加工性にも優れており、レンズ用材料として最適である。このようなメタクリル樹脂とは、メタクリル酸メチルを主成分とする樹脂であり、メタクリル酸メチルが８０重量％以上であることが好ましい。 As a material for the condenser lens, a transparent material such as glass or synthetic resin can be used. Examples of the synthetic resin include various highly transparent materials such as acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyolefin resin, polystyrene, or a copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St). A synthetic resin can be used. These resins can be molded into a desired condensing lens shape by a method such as heating and press-molding a flat plate using a mold, or injection-molding a heat-melted resin. In particular, a methacrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is excellent in its high light transmittance, heat resistance, mechanical properties, and molding processability, and is optimal as a lens material. Such a methacrylic resin is a resin mainly composed of methyl methacrylate, and the methyl methacrylate is preferably 80% by weight or more.
＜中央部レンズ領域Ａおよび外周部レンズ領域Ｂ＞
外周部レンズ領域Ｂは、同心円状のフレネルレンズタイプの集光レンズ領域である。外周部レンズ領域Ｂの光軸は、集光レンズの中心を通って図３の紙面と直交する方向に延びている。図３においては、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ主点１００が示されている。外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形は、集光レンズの外形に一致する。
<Center lens area A and outer lens area B>
The outer peripheral lens region B is a concentric Fresnel lens type condensing lens region. The optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B extends in the direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 3 through the center of the condenser lens. In FIG. 3, the lens principal point 100 of the outer peripheral lens region B is shown. The outer shape of the outer peripheral lens region B matches the outer shape of the condenser lens.
中央部レンズ領域Ａは、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの光軸の方向即ち図３の紙面と直交する方向から見て、集光レンズの中心を通り互いに直交する２つの直線即ち図３における縦横十文字の線を分割線として４つの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４に分割されている。小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４は、それぞれ同心円状のフレネルレンズタイプの集光レンズ領域である。小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のそれぞれの光軸は、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの光軸と平行であり、図３の紙面と直交する方向に延びている。図３においては、各小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ主点１０１，１０２，１０３，１０４が示されている。 The central lens area A is two straight lines that are orthogonal to each other through the center of the condenser lens when viewed from the direction of the optical axis of the outer peripheral lens area B, that is, the direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. The line is divided into four small lens areas A1 to A4 with a dividing line. The small lens areas A1 to A4 are concentric Fresnel lens type condensing lens areas. The optical axes of the small lens areas A1 to A4 are parallel to the optical axis of the outer peripheral lens area B and extend in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. In FIG. 3, the lens principal points 101, 102, 103, and 104 of the small lens regions A1 to A4 are shown.
小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４はいずれも正方形状をなし、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形は中央部レンズ領域Ａと同心且つ同一方向性の正方形である。 The small lens areas A1 to A4 are all square, and the outer peripheral lens area B is a concentric and directional square with the central lens area A.
図５には、中央部レンズ領域Ａの４つの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のうちの１つの小レンズ領域と、これに対応する外周部レンズ領域Ｂの部分とが示されている。小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４の一辺の長さはＤであり、外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形の正方形の一辺の長さは上記のようにＬである。 FIG. 5 shows one small lens region among the four small lens regions A1 to A4 in the central lens region A and a portion of the outer peripheral lens region B corresponding thereto. The length of one side of the small lens areas A1 to A4 is D, and the length of one side of the outer shape of the outer lens area B is L as described above.
集光レンズには、回折構造を設けて集光効率を向上させることをも、併せて適用することができる。 It is also possible to apply to the condensing lens to provide a diffractive structure to improve the condensing efficiency.
尚、以上の実施形態では、外周部レンズ領域Ｂ、中央部レンズ領域Ａ及び各小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４が、いずれも正方形状であるが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、外周部レンズ領域Ｂ、中央部レンズ領域Ａ及び各小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４を、互いに同一の方向性の長方形状とし、外周部レンズ領域Ｂと中央部レンズ領域Ａとを同心に配置することができる。更に、外周部レンズ領域Ｂと中央部レンズ領域Ａとを同心且つ同一方向性の正六角形とし、集光レンズの中心を通り互いに６０度の角度をなし且つ中央部レンズ領域Ａの正六角形の頂点を通る３つの直線を分割線として中央部レンズ領域Ａを６分割して６つの正三角形状の小レンズ領域を形成することができる。上記実施形態を含め、このようにすることで、多数の集光レンズを２次元的に隙間なく配列することができ、太陽光を無駄なく利用することが可能な太陽光発電装置を得ることができる。 In the above embodiment, the outer peripheral lens region B, the central lens region A, and the small lens regions A1 to A4 are all square, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the outer peripheral lens region B, the central lens region A, and the small lens regions A1 to A4 are rectangular with the same direction, and the outer peripheral lens region B and the central lens region A are arranged concentrically. be able to. Further, the outer peripheral lens region B and the central lens region A are concentric and unidirectional regular hexagons, pass through the center of the condenser lens and form an angle of 60 degrees with each other, and the apex of the regular hexagons of the central lens region A The center lens region A can be divided into six by using the three straight lines passing through the dividing lines as six dividing lines to form six equilateral triangular small lens regions. By doing in this way including the above-mentioned embodiment, it is possible to obtain a photovoltaic power generation apparatus that can arrange a large number of condensing lenses two-dimensionally without gaps and can use sunlight without waste. it can.
＜発電セル＞
図４は本発明の太陽光発電装置の一実施形態を示す概念図であり、図６はそこで用いられる発電セルの受光面を示す図である。太陽光発電装置は、以上のような集光レンズと、該集光レンズにより集光された光が入射する受光面を備えた発電セル６と、を含む。
<Power generation cell>
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing an embodiment of the solar power generation device of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a light receiving surface of a power generation cell used there. The solar power generation device includes the above-described condensing lens and the power generation cell 6 including a light receiving surface on which light collected by the condensing lens is incident.
発電セル６は、レンズで集光された光を電気に変換する光電変換素子であり、結晶シリコン系のもの及び多接合化合物系のものなどの、任意の光電変換素子を用いることができる。受光面の大きさは特に限定されないが、集光レンズの面積が受光面の面積に比較して１００倍から３０００倍程度となるように設計されることが好ましい。１００倍以上だとコスト低減の観点から有利であり、３０００倍以下だと受光面への集光効率（光学効率）が高くなる。３００倍以上２０００倍以下がさらに好ましい。 The power generation cell 6 is a photoelectric conversion element that converts light collected by a lens into electricity, and an arbitrary photoelectric conversion element such as a crystalline silicon type or a multi-junction compound type can be used. The size of the light receiving surface is not particularly limited, but is preferably designed so that the area of the condenser lens is about 100 to 3000 times the area of the light receiving surface. If it is 100 times or more, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of cost reduction, and if it is 3000 times or less, the light collection efficiency (optical efficiency) on the light receiving surface becomes high. More preferably, it is 300 times or more and 2000 times or less.
図４及び図６において、ｘｙｚ直交座標系が示されている。図４及び図６に示されるように、外周部レンズ領域Ｂは、レンズ主点１００を通りレンズ主面と垂直に交わるレンズ光軸１１０上にレンズ焦点１２０を持つ。同様に、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４は、それぞれ、レンズ主点１０１〜１０４を通りレンズ主面と垂直に交わるレンズ光軸１１１〜１１４上にレンズ焦点１２１〜１２４を持つ。ここで、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸１１０の方向から見て、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ主点１００からレンズ主平面上のｘ軸方向及びｙ軸方向に沿ってそれぞれ距離ｓずつ離れた位置（即ちｘｙ各軸方向に関し「ずれた位置」）に、レンズ主点１０１〜１０４、光軸１１１〜１１４及びレンズ焦点１２１〜１２４が位置する。 4 and 6, an xyz orthogonal coordinate system is shown. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the outer peripheral lens region B has a lens focal point 120 on a lens optical axis 110 that passes through the lens principal point 100 and intersects the lens principal surface perpendicularly. Similarly, the small lens areas A1 to A4 have lens focal points 121 to 124 on lens optical axes 111 to 114 that pass through the lens principal points 101 to 104 and intersect the lens principal surface, respectively. Here, when viewed from the direction of the lens optical axis 110 in the outer peripheral lens region B, the lens main point 100 in the outer peripheral lens region B is separated by a distance s along the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction on the lens main plane. The lens principal points 101 to 104, the optical axes 111 to 114, and the lens focal points 121 to 124 are located at the positions (that is, “shifted positions” in the xy directions).
かくして、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のそれぞれのレンズ焦点１２１〜１２４は、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ焦点平面上にて互いに離れて位置し、且つ外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸１１０から離れた位置（即ちｘｙ各軸方向に関し「ずれた位置」）にある。即ち、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ焦点距離と小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ焦点距離とは等しい。 Thus, the lens focal points 121 to 124 of the small lens areas A1 to A4 are positioned away from each other on the lens focal plane of the outer peripheral lens area B and away from the lens optical axis 110 of the outer peripheral lens area B. It is in a position (that is, a “shifted position” with respect to the xy axes). That is, the lens focal length of the outer peripheral lens region B is equal to the lens focal length of the small lens regions A1 to A4.
集光レンズ１と発電セル６とは、金属枠などに取り付けられ、位置関係が固定される。図１及び図２に示されるように、集光レンズ１の入射面２に入射した入射光３は、集光レンズの出射面４から出射して出射光５となり、発電セル６の受光面に照射される。この基本的構成は、集光レンズとして上記の本発明による集光レンズを用いた本発明の太陽光発電装置においても、同様である。 The condenser lens 1 and the power generation cell 6 are attached to a metal frame or the like, and the positional relationship is fixed. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the incident light 3 that has entered the incident surface 2 of the condenser lens 1 exits from the exit surface 4 of the condenser lens to become outgoing light 5, and is incident on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6. Irradiated. This basic configuration is the same in the photovoltaic power generation apparatus of the present invention using the above-described condensing lens according to the present invention as a condensing lens.
＜太陽光発電装置＞
以下、太陽光発電装置の特性を決定する要素について説明する。太陽光発電装置における発電性能は、発電セル受光面における受光量および光量分布の均一度に依存する。
<Solar power generator>
Hereinafter, the elements that determine the characteristics of the solar power generation device will be described. The power generation performance of the solar power generation device depends on the amount of light received on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell and the uniformity of the light amount distribution.
太陽と集光レンズ１とを正対させたとき、太陽から発せられ集光レンズ１の入射面２に入射する入射光３の光量と、集光レンズ１の出射面４から出射した出射光５のうち発電セル６の受光面に入射する光量との比率、すなわち［発電セル６の受光面への入射光量］／［集光レンズ入射面２への入射光量］を、集光レンズの光学効率ηoptといい、受光量の指標として用いる。光学効率ηoptが１に近いほど、発電セル６の受光量が高く、発電性能が高いことを示す。 When the sun and the condenser lens 1 face each other, the amount of incident light 3 emitted from the sun and incident on the incident surface 2 of the condenser lens 1 and the outgoing light 5 emitted from the output surface 4 of the condenser lens 1 Ratio of the amount of light incident on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6, that is, [the amount of light incident on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6] / [the amount of incident light on the light incident surface 2 of the condensing lens], It is called ηopt and is used as an index of the amount of received light. The closer the optical efficiency η opt is to 1, the higher the amount of light received by the power generation cell 6 and the higher the power generation performance.
また、発電セル６の受光面における光量分布の均一度の指標としては、ＰＡＲ（Peak-to-Average Ratio）を用いることができる。ＰＡＲは、光量分布の最大値と平均値との比率すなわち［最大値］／［平均値］によって表され、数値が高いほど光量分布の不均一性が高いことを示し、数値が１に近いほど光量分布の均一性が高いことを示す。ＰＡＲ値が高くなると発電セルの評価指標の一つである曲線因子（ＦＦ値）が低下することがＥＵＰＶＳＥＣ(European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference)をはじめとした国際学会や非特許文献１等で報告されている。すなわち、ＰＡＲ値が低い方が発電セル受光面における光量分布の均一性が高く、発電性能が高いことを示す。 Further, PAR (Peak-to-Average Ratio) can be used as an index of the uniformity of the light amount distribution on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6. The PAR is represented by the ratio between the maximum value and the average value of the light amount distribution, that is, [maximum value] / [average value]. The higher the numerical value, the higher the non-uniformity of the light amount distribution. It shows that the uniformity of the light quantity distribution is high. It has been reported in international conferences such as EUPVSEC (European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference) and non-patent literature 1 that the fill factor (FF value), which is one of the evaluation indices of power generation cells, decreases as the PAR value increases. Yes. That is, the lower the PAR value, the higher the uniformity of the light amount distribution on the light receiving surface of the power generation cell, and the higher the power generation performance.
通常の単一フレネルレンズの場合、光は発電セル６の受光面の中心部に強く集中しているため、ＰＡＲは高い値となり好ましくない。但し、発電セル６の受光面の中心部が焦点位置となるため、光学効率ηoptは高く、非常に高い効率で光が発電セル受光面に到達する。 In the case of a normal single Fresnel lens, light is strongly concentrated at the center of the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6, which is not preferable because the PAR is high. However, since the central portion of the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6 is the focal position, the optical efficiency η opt is high, and light reaches the power generation cell light receiving surface with very high efficiency.
一方、特許文献１に記載のFresnel-Kohler concentrator（四分割フレネルレンズ）については、焦点が複数あるためにＰＡＲは大きく改善されるが、光学効率ηoptは低下する傾向にある。 On the other hand, the Fresnel-Kohler concentrator described in Patent Document 1 has a large number of focal points, so the PAR is greatly improved, but the optical efficiency η opt tends to decrease.
以上のことを前提として、本発明の集光レンズ及び太陽光発電装置の機能上の特徴であるところの、光学効率ηoptを低下させずにＰＡＲの低減を実現することにつき、以下に説明する。 On the premise of the above, it will be described below that the reduction of PAR is realized without reducing the optical efficiency η opt , which is a functional feature of the condenser lens and the solar power generation device of the present invention. .
本発明の集光レンズでは、全レンズ領域を、中央部レンズ領域Ａとその外側の外周部レンズ領域Ｂとに分けている。 In the condensing lens of the present invention, the entire lens region is divided into a central lens region A and an outer peripheral lens region B outside the central lens region A.
ここで、レンズ中心から離れて位置している外周部レンズ領域Ｂについては、光学効率向上を重視する観点から、焦点位置を発電セル受光面の中心に配置している。集光レンズを通る光は、レンズ中心から離れた箇所を通る光ほど発電セル６の受光面に到達しにくくなるので、レンズ中心から離れた外周部レンズ領域Ｂは発電セル受光面の中心に焦点が位置するように構成するのが光学効率の低下を防ぐ意味で好適である。 Here, with respect to the outer peripheral lens region B located away from the lens center, the focal position is arranged at the center of the power generation cell light receiving surface from the viewpoint of emphasizing improvement in optical efficiency. Since the light passing through the condensing lens is less likely to reach the light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6 as the light passes through the part away from the lens center, the outer peripheral lens region B away from the lens center is focused on the center of the power generating cell light receiving surface. In order to prevent a decrease in optical efficiency, it is preferable to configure so that is positioned.
また、レンズ中心の近くに位置している中央部レンズ領域Ａについては、ＰＡＲ低減を重視する観点から、発電セル受光面の中心から離れたそれぞれ互いに異なる位置に焦点を持つ、複数の小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４に分割している。レンズ中心の近くを通る光は、焦点位置が発電セル受光面の中心から多少ずれていても発電セル受光面に到達しなくなることは起こりにくい。このため、レンズ中心に近い中央部レンズ領域Ａは、ＰＡＲ低減の観点から、さらに４つの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４に分割し、それぞれの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４の焦点が発電セル受光面の中心からある程度離れて位置するようにし、光量の過度な集中を抑えることが好ましい。 For the central lens region A located near the center of the lens, a plurality of small lens regions having focal points at different positions away from the center of the power generation cell light receiving surface from the viewpoint of emphasizing PAR reduction. It is divided into A1 to A4. Light that passes near the center of the lens is unlikely to reach the power generation cell light receiving surface even if the focal position is slightly deviated from the center of the power generation cell light reception surface. For this reason, the central lens region A close to the lens center is further divided into four small lens regions A1 to A4 from the viewpoint of PAR reduction, and the focal points of the small lens regions A1 to A4 are the centers of the power generation cell light receiving surfaces. It is preferable to be located some distance away from the light source to suppress excessive concentration of the light amount.
中央部レンズ領域Ａと外周部レンズ領域Ｂとの大きさの比率は、ＰＡＲと光学効率とに影響を及ぼす。集光レンズ全体の一辺の長さに該当する外周部レンズ領域Ｂの正方形外形の一辺の長さＬと、各小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４の一辺の長さＤとが、以下の式１：
（式１） ０．０３Ｌ≦Ｄ≦０．４８Ｌ
を満たす関係にあることが好ましい。Ｄが０．０３Ｌより大きいとＰＡＲ低減の効果が高く、Ｄが０．４８Ｌ以下だと光学効率向上の効果が高い。より好ましくは０．２０Ｌ≦Ｄ≦０．４５Ｌであり、さらに好ましくは０．２５Ｌ≦Ｄ≦０．３８Ｌである。
The ratio of the size of the central lens region A and the outer peripheral lens region B affects the PAR and the optical efficiency. The length L of one side of the square shape of the outer peripheral lens region B corresponding to the length of one side of the entire condensing lens and the length D of one side of each small lens region A1 to A4 are expressed by the following formula 1:
(Formula 1) 0.03L ≦ D ≦ 0.48L
It is preferable that the relationship is satisfied. When D is greater than 0.03L, the effect of reducing PAR is high, and when D is 0.48L or less, the effect of improving optical efficiency is high. More preferably, 0.20L ≦ D ≦ 0.45L, and still more preferably 0.25L ≦ D ≦ 0.38L.
小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４の好適な焦点位置は、発電セル受光面の大きさに依存する。発電セル受光面が一辺の長さＣの正方形状をなす場合、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４の焦点位置は発電セル受光面の中心からｘ軸方向及びｙ軸方向にそれぞれＳずつずれた位置に配置されることが好ましく、またＳとＣとは以下の式２：
（式２） ０．０３Ｃ≦Ｓ≦０．５Ｃ
を満たす関係にあることが好ましい。Ｓが０．０３Ｃより大きいとＰＡＲ低減の効果が高く、Ｓが０．５Ｃ以下だと光学効率向上の効果が高い。より好ましくは０．０６Ｃ≦Ｓ≦０．４２Ｃであり、さらに好ましくは０．１０Ｃ≦Ｓ≦０．３８Ｃである。Ｓは、ｘ軸方向及びｙ軸方向のそれぞれに関して、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ主点１００からの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ主点１０１〜１０４のずれ量、或いは外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸１１０からの小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ光軸１１１〜１１４のずれ量、に相当する。
Suitable focal positions of the small lens areas A1 to A4 depend on the size of the power generation cell light receiving surface. When the power generation cell light receiving surface has a square shape with a side length C, the focal positions of the small lens areas A1 to A4 are arranged at positions shifted by S from the center of the power generation cell light reception surface in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, respectively. Preferably, S and C are represented by the following formula 2:
(Formula 2) 0.03C ≦ S ≦ 0.5C
It is preferable that the relationship is satisfied. When S is greater than 0.03C, the effect of reducing PAR is high, and when S is 0.5C or less, the effect of improving optical efficiency is high. More preferably, 0.06C ≦ S ≦ 0.42C, and still more preferably 0.10C ≦ S ≦ 0.38C. S is the amount of deviation of the lens principal points 101 to 104 of the small lens areas A1 to A4 from the lens principal point 100 of the outer peripheral lens area B with respect to each of the x axis direction and the y axis direction, or the outer lens area B. This corresponds to the amount of deviation of the lens optical axes 111 to 114 in the small lens areas A1 to A4 from the lens optical axis 110.
本発明の集光レンズを用いた太陽光発電装置において、最大発電量は以下のように見積もることができる。 In the solar power generation apparatus using the condensing lens of the present invention, the maximum power generation amount can be estimated as follows.
最大発電量Ｐｍは、以下の式３：
（式３） Ｐｍ＝Ｉｓｃ・Ｖｏｃ・ＦＦ
に示したように、短絡電流Ｉｓｃと開放電圧ＶｏｃとフィルファクターＦＦとの積で表すことができるが、発電セル受光面での放射照度が不均一である場合、ＦＦ値の低下により発電量が低下することがわかっている（非特許文献１など）。非特許文献１では、発電セル受光面上における放射照度の最大値と平均値との比であるＰＡＲを用いて、ＰＡＲとＦＦ値との関係を明らかにしており、この関係を式３に適用し、更にＩｓｃは発電セル受光面に取り込まれる光の量に比例すなわちηoptに比例することを式３に適用すると、最大発電量の相対値は、以下の式４：
（式４） Ｐｍ∝ηopt・Ｖｏｃ・ＦＦｔｈ｛１．０−０．０１７８（ＰＡＲ−１．０）｝
で表すことができる。ここで、ＦＦｔｈは均一照射時のフィルファクターの値である。
Maximum power generation Pm is expressed by the following formula 3:
(Formula 3) Pm = Isc · Voc · FF
As shown in Fig. 4, it can be expressed by the product of the short-circuit current Isc, the open-circuit voltage Voc, and the fill factor FF. If the irradiance on the light-receiving surface of the power generation cell is non-uniform, It is known that it decreases (Non-Patent Document 1, etc.). Non-Patent Document 1 clarifies the relationship between the PAR and the FF value by using PAR, which is the ratio between the maximum value and the average value of the irradiance on the light-receiving surface of the power generation cell. Furthermore, when Isc is proportional to the amount of light taken into the light receiving surface of the power generation cell, that is, proportional to η opt , the relative value of the maximum power generation amount is expressed by the following Equation 4:
(Formula 4) Pm∝η opt · Voc · FFth {1.0-0.0178 (PAR-1.0)}
Can be expressed as Here, FFth is a value of a fill factor at the time of uniform irradiation.
式４中でＶｏｃ及びＦＦｔｈは定数であるので、式４の値は以下の式５：
（式５） Ｐｍ∝ηopt｛１．０−０．０１７８（ＰＡＲ−１．０）｝
の値に比例するといえる。
Since Voc and FFth are constants in Equation 4, the value of Equation 4 is the following Equation 5:
(Formula 5) Pm∝η opt {1.0-0.0178 (PAR-1.0)}
It can be said that it is proportional to the value of.
そこで、以下の実施例及び比較例での最大発電量の相対的な評価においては、式５の右辺の計算値を用いて比較することとした。 Therefore, in the relative evaluation of the maximum power generation amount in the following examples and comparative examples, comparison was made using the calculated value on the right side of Equation 5.
以下の実施例及び比較例は、光学の原理に基づく計算（光線追跡法による光学シミュレーション）により行ったものである。尚、本発明の実施例は、上記実施形態に準拠している。 The following examples and comparative examples were performed by calculation based on the principle of optics (optical simulation by the ray tracing method). In addition, the Example of this invention is based on the said embodiment.
以下の実施例１〜実施例１１、比較例１及び比較例２は、幾何集光倍率が１０００倍となるように構成された集光レンズ及び発電セルを含む太陽光発電装置に関するものである。 The following Examples 1 to 11, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 relate to a solar power generation apparatus including a condensing lens and a power generation cell configured to have a geometric condensing magnification of 1000 times.
＜実施例１＞
集光レンズとして、板厚３．０ｍｍ、一辺の長さＬが２００ｍｍの正方形状のＰＭＭＡ板の片面に、外周部レンズ領域Ｂおよび中央部小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４を設け、各小レンズ領域の一辺の長さＤを６０ｍｍとしたものを用いた。外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸１１０が集光レンズの中心を通るようにした。小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ主点１０１〜１０４の位置は外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ主点１００の位置からｘ軸方向及びｙ軸方向にそれぞれＳ＝１．８ｍｍずれた位置とした。このＳの値により、小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ主点１０１〜１０４の位置が特定される（以下同様）。各レンズ領域のレンズはフレネルレンズで構成され、レンズ斜面の傾斜角度（レンズ角度）はレンズ主点からの距離に応じて設計された。いくつかの代表的な距離におけるフレネルレンズ斜面の傾斜角度を表１に示す。各レンズ領域のレンズ焦点距離ｆは２００ｍｍとした。各レンズ領域のレンズのピッチは０．５ｍｍとした。
<Example 1>
As a condenser lens, an outer peripheral lens region B and central small lens regions A1 to A4 are provided on one surface of a square PMMA plate having a plate thickness of 3.0 mm and a side length L of 200 mm. The one whose side length D was 60 mm was used. The lens optical axis 110 in the outer peripheral lens region B is made to pass through the center of the condenser lens. The positions of the lens principal points 101 to 104 in the small lens areas A1 to A4 were shifted from the position of the lens principal point 100 in the outer peripheral lens area B by S = 1.8 mm in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, respectively. The position of the lens principal points 101 to 104 of the small lens areas A1 to A4 is specified by the value of S (the same applies hereinafter). The lens in each lens area is composed of a Fresnel lens, and the inclination angle (lens angle) of the lens slope is designed according to the distance from the lens principal point. Table 1 shows the inclination angles of the slopes of the Fresnel lens at several typical distances. The lens focal length f of each lens region was 200 mm. The lens pitch in each lens area was 0.5 mm.
発電セル６の受光面は、一辺の長さＣが√（４０）ｍｍの正方形状をなすものとした。集光レンズと発電セル受光面との距離は２００ｍｍとし、集光レンズの外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸１１０が発電セル受光面の中心を通るように、集光レンズ及び発電セル６を配置した。 The light receiving surface of the power generation cell 6 has a square shape with a side length C of √ (40) mm. The distance between the condensing lens and the power generation cell light receiving surface is 200 mm, and the condensing lens and the power generation cell 6 are arranged so that the lens optical axis 110 in the outer peripheral lens region B of the condensing lens passes through the center of the power generation cell light receiving surface. did.
光源は、太陽光を仮定してＡＭ１．５Ｄスペクトルの３００〜２０００ｎｍの範囲を使用し、太陽の視直径を考慮し広がり角０．５３°の光とした。 The light source was assumed to be sunlight and the range of 300 to 2000 nm of the AM1.5D spectrum was used, and the light having a spread angle of 0.53 ° was considered in consideration of the visual diameter of the sun.
また、集光レンズの材質はＰＭＭＡとし、屈折率は以下の式６：
（式６） １．４７７９＋（５．０４９６×１０３）／λ２−６．９４×１０７／λ４の値を用いた。
The material of the condenser lens is PMMA, and the refractive index is expressed by the following formula 6:
(Expression 6) A value of 1.47979+ (5.0496 × 10 3 ) / λ 2 −6.94 × 107 / λ 4 was used.
上記の条件で、光線追跡法による光学シミュレーションを行い、発電セル受光面に到達するフォトン数をカウントしたところ、集光レンズの光学効率ηoptは８０％と、後述する比較例１のηoptと同等であった。また発電セル受光面を２０×２０のメッシュに分割し、到達フォトン数の最も多かったエリアのフォトン数と全エリアのフォトン数の平均値との比率ＰＡＲを算出したところ、２．９７となり、後述する比較例１のＰＡＲに比べ著しく低減した。また、式５を用いて最大発電量の相対値を導いたところ（比較例１の計算結果を１とした）１．１７となり、比較例１の単一フレネルレンズの場合及び比較例２の四分割フレネルレンズの場合に比較して、高い値となった。結果を表２に示す。 In the above conditions, subjected to optical simulation by a ray tracing method, it was counted number of photons reaching the power generation cell light-receiving surface, and 80% optical efficiency eta opt of the condenser lens, and eta opt Comparative Example 1 to be described later It was equivalent. The power generation cell light-receiving surface was divided into 20 × 20 meshes, and the ratio PAR between the number of photons in the area with the highest number of reached photons and the average value of the number of photons in all areas was calculated to be 2.97, which will be described later. As compared with the PAR of Comparative Example 1, it was significantly reduced. Moreover, when the relative value of the maximum power generation amount was derived using Equation 5, the calculation result of Comparative Example 1 was set to 1.17, which was the case of the single Fresnel lens of Comparative Example 1 and the four of Comparative Example 2. The value was higher than in the case of a split Fresnel lens. The results are shown in Table 2.
集光レンズとして、板厚３．０ｍｍ、一辺の長さＬが２００ｍｍの正方形のＰＭＭＡ板の片面に、通常のフレネルレンズ（単一フレネルレンズ）を形成させたものを用いた。焦点距離ｆは２００ｍｍとし、レンズ主点からの距離に応じたフレネルレンズのレンズ角度は表１の通りとした。
As the condenser lens, an ordinary Fresnel lens (single Fresnel lens) formed on one side of a square PMMA plate having a thickness of 3.0 mm and a side length L of 200 mm was used. The focal length f was 200 mm, and the lens angle of the Fresnel lens according to the distance from the lens principal point was as shown in Table 1.
発電セル６および光源については実施例１と同様にして光学シミュレーションを行ったところ、光学効率ηoptは８０％であった。また、実施例１と同様にしてＰＡＲを算出したところ、１１．３となり、前述した実施例１のＰＡＲに比べ非常に大きく、発電セル受光面内の光量分布は非常に不均一性が高かった。最大発電量の計算値は実施例１より低い値となった。結果を表２に示す。 When an optical simulation was performed on the power generation cell 6 and the light source in the same manner as in Example 1, the optical efficiency η opt was 80%. The PAR calculated in the same manner as in Example 1 was 11.3, which was much larger than the PAR in Example 1 described above, and the light amount distribution in the light receiving surface of the power generation cell was very uneven. . The calculated value of the maximum power generation amount was lower than that in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
＜比較例２＞
集光レンズとして、板厚３．０ｍｍ、一辺の長さＬが２００ｍｍの正方形のＰＭＭＡ板の片面に、外周部レンズ領域Ｂが存在せず小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のみからなる複合フレネルレンズ（四分割フレネルレンズ）を形成させたものを用いた。各小レンズ領域の一辺の長さＤは１００ｍｍとした。小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のレンズ主点１０１〜１０４の位置は集光レンズの中心点からｘ軸方向及びｙ軸方向にそれぞれＳ＝１．８ｍｍずれた位置とした。各小レンズ領域のレンズは、フレネルレンズで構成され、焦点距離ｆは２００ｍｍとし、レンズ主点からの距離に応じたフレネルレンズのレンズ角度は表１の通りとした。
<Comparative example 2>
As a condensing lens, a composite Fresnel lens consisting of only small lens areas A1 to A4 without an outer peripheral lens area B on one side of a square PMMA plate having a thickness of 3.0 mm and a side length L of 200 mm (four What formed the division | segmentation Fresnel lens) was used. The length D of one side of each small lens region was 100 mm. The positions of the lens principal points 101 to 104 in the small lens areas A1 to A4 were shifted from the center point of the condenser lens by S = 1.8 mm in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction, respectively. The lens in each small lens area is composed of a Fresnel lens, the focal length f is 200 mm, and the lens angle of the Fresnel lens according to the distance from the lens principal point is as shown in Table 1.
発電セル６および光源については実施例１と同様にして光学シミュレーションを行ったところ、光学効率ηoptは６８％と、前述した実施例１に比べ劣る結果となった。また、実施例１と同様にしてＰＡＲを算出したところ、３．８７となった。比較例１の計算値を１としたときの最大発電量の相対値は、０．９８であり、実施例１よりも低い値となった。結果を表２に示す。 When the optical simulation was performed on the power generation cell 6 and the light source in the same manner as in Example 1, the optical efficiency η opt was 68%, which was inferior to that in Example 1 described above. Moreover, when PAR was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1, it was 3.87. The relative value of the maximum power generation amount when the calculated value of Comparative Example 1 was 1 was 0.98, which was lower than that of Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
＜実施例２〜実施例１１＞
集光レンズサイズ、発電セル受光面のサイズおよびレンズ領域の構成は実施例１と同様の設計で、但し、小レンズ領域の一辺の長さＤ及び小レンズ領域の主点位置Ｓの値を表２に示すように設計した。これらに関して最大発電量の計算を実施したところ、比較例１及び比較例２に比較して高い値となった。結果を表２に示す。
<Example 2 to Example 11>
The condensing lens size, the power generation cell light receiving surface size, and the lens area configuration are the same as those in the first embodiment, except that the length D of one side of the small lens area and the principal point position S of the small lens area are represented. 2 was designed. When the maximum power generation amount was calculated for these, the values were higher than those of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
＜実施例１２〜実施例２２＞
発電セル受光面を一辺の長さ１０ｍｍの正方形状をなすものとし、小レンズ領域の一辺の長さＤ及び小レンズ領域の主点位置Ｓの値を表３に示すようにしたこと以外は、実施例１と同じ設計とし、実施例１と同様の方法で計算を実施した。比較例３の計算値を１としたときの最大発電量の相対値は、比較例３に比較して高い値となった。結果を表３に示す。
<Example 12 to Example 22>
The power generation cell light-receiving surface has a square shape with a side length of 10 mm, and the values of the length D of one side of the small lens region and the principal point position S of the small lens region are as shown in Table 3, The calculation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 with the same design as in Example 1. The relative value of the maximum power generation amount when the calculated value of Comparative Example 3 was 1 was higher than that of Comparative Example 3. The results are shown in Table 3.
＜比較例３＞
発電セル受光面を一辺の長さ１０ｍｍの正方形状をなすものとしたこと以外は、比較例１と同じ設計とした。最大発電量の計算値は実施例１２〜実施例２２に比べて低い値となった。
<Comparative Example 3>
The design was the same as that of Comparative Example 1 except that the power-receiving cell light-receiving surface had a square shape with a side length of 10 mm. The calculated value of the maximum power generation amount was lower than those in Examples 12-22.
本発明の集光レンズは、集光式太陽光発電装置において好適に用いることができる。 The condensing lens of this invention can be used suitably in a concentrating solar power generation device.
１ 集光レンズ
１００ 外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ主点
１０１ 小レンズ領域Ａ１のレンズ主点
１０２ 小レンズ領域Ａ２のレンズ主点
１０３ 小レンズ領域Ａ３のレンズ主点
１０４ 小レンズ領域Ａ４のレンズ主点
１１０ 外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸
１１１ 小レンズ領域Ａ１のレンズ光軸
１１２ 小レンズ領域Ａ２のレンズ光軸
１１３ 小レンズ領域Ａ３のレンズ光軸
１１４ 小レンズ領域Ａ４のレンズ光軸
１２０ 外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ焦点
１２１ 小レンズ領域Ａ１のレンズ焦点
１２２ 小レンズ領域Ａ２のレンズ焦点
１２３ 小レンズ領域Ａ３のレンズ焦点
１２４ 小レンズ領域Ａ４のレンズ焦点
２ 入射面
３ 入射光
４ 出射面
５ 出射光
６ 発電セル
Ａ 中央部レンズ領域
Ａ１〜Ａ４ 小レンズ領域
Ｂ 外周部レンズ領域
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Condensing lens 100 Lens principal point 101 of outer peripheral lens area B Lens principal point 102 of small lens area A1 Lens principal point 103 of small lens area A2 Lens principal point 104 of small lens area A3 Lens principal point of small lens area A4 110 Lens optical axis 111 of outer lens area B Lens optical axis 112 of small lens area A1 Lens optical axis 113 of small lens area A2 Lens optical axis 114 of small lens area A3 Lens optical axis 120 of small lens area A4 Lens focus 121 in the region B Lens focus 122 in the small lens region A1 Lens focus 123 in the small lens region A2 Lens focus 124 in the small lens region A3 Lens focus 2 in the small lens region A4 Incident surface 3 Incident light 4 Emitted surface 5 Emitted light 6 Power generation cell A Central lens region A1 to A4 Small lens region B Outer lens region
Claims (10)
中央部レンズ領域Ａは、複数の小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎ｛ここでｎは２以上の整数｝を含み、
複数の小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａｎのそれぞれのレンズ焦点は、互いに離れて位置し、且つ外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸から離れた位置にある、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズ。 A central lens region A and an outer peripheral lens region B outside the central lens region A;
The central lens region A includes a plurality of small lens regions A1 to An {where n is an integer of 2 or more}
The condensing lens for solar power generation devices in which the lens focal points of the plurality of small lens regions A1 to An are located apart from each other and located away from the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B.
発電セルの受光面は、太陽光発電装置用集光レンズの外周部レンズ領域Ｂの外形と同一方向性の正方形状をなし、
互いに直交する２つの分割線のそれぞれの方向に関して、外周部レンズ領域Ｂのレンズ光軸と小レンズ領域Ａ１〜Ａ４のそれぞれのレンズ光軸との距離Ｓと、発電セルの受光面の一辺の長さＣとが、０．０３Ｃ≦Ｓ≦０．５Ｃの関係にある、請求項９に記載の太陽光発電装置。 In the concentrating lens for a solar power generation device, the central lens region A has two straight lines that are orthogonal to each other through the center of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device when viewed from the lens optical axis direction of the outer peripheral lens region B. Is divided into four small lens areas A1 to A4, and the small lens areas A1 to A4 are all square, and the outer lens area B has the same outer shape as the central lens area A. A directional square,
The light receiving surface of the power generation cell has a square shape in the same direction as the outer shape of the outer peripheral lens region B of the condensing lens for the solar power generation device,
The distance S between the lens optical axis of the outer peripheral lens region B and the lens optical axes of the small lens regions A1 to A4 and the length of one side of the light receiving surface of the power generation cell with respect to the directions of the two dividing lines orthogonal to each other The solar power generation device according to claim 9, wherein C is in a relationship of 0.03C ≦ S ≦ 0.5C.
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