JP2015042995A - Oscillation detection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus capable of easily and accurately detecting an oscillation period (oscillation frequency), for example, in earthquake.SOLUTION: When a plate-like member is bent by applying force thereto, capacitance between a movable electrode provided in a distal end portion and a container-side fixed electrode opposed to the movable electrode is changed and in accordance with the capacitance, an oscillation frequency of a crystal oscillator provided separately from the plate-like member is changed. Therefore, when a container is oscillated, a first state where the plate-like member is bent to a fixed electrode side and approaches the fixed electrode, and a second state where a crystal plate is brought into an original state or a state bent to an opposite side and is away from the fixed electrode appear. Therefore, since an oscillation frequency corresponding to the first state and an oscillation frequency corresponding to the second state appear alternately, a period (frequency) in which these oscillation frequencies appear is determined, thereby determining the period (the frequency) of oscillation.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technical field of detecting a vibration period using a crystal resonator.

It may be necessary to detect the period (frequency) of vibration applied to the object. For example, it is necessary to issue a warning promptly when an earthquake occurs. When the magnitude of the earthquake is large, the vibration frequency is about 0.5 Hz to 3 Hz, which is lower than the vibration generated by the life vibration, so that it can be distinguished from the life vibration if the vibration frequency can be detected. However, it is difficult to detect such a low frequency.
The formation of the capacitance in Patent Document 1 is intended to stabilize the oscillation frequency of the crystal resonator, and is different from the present invention.

JP-A-7-131279

  The present invention has been made based on such circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus capable of easily and accurately detecting a vibration cycle (vibration frequency).

The present invention relates to an apparatus for detecting the period of vibration of an object and an external force.
A piezoelectric plate;
In order to vibrate this piezoelectric plate, a first excitation electrode and a second excitation electrode respectively provided on one side and the other side of the piezoelectric plate;
An oscillation circuit electrically connected to the first excitation electrode;
A plate-like member provided in the container and cantilevered at one end;
A variable electrode forming movable electrode provided on the other end of the plate-like member and electrically connected to the second excitation electrode;
A fixed electrode provided in the container so as to face the movable electrode and connected to the oscillation circuit, and a capacitance between the movable electrode and the movable electrode is changed by bending of a plate-like member, thereby forming a variable capacitance. When,
A frequency information detection unit for detecting a signal that is frequency information corresponding to the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit;
An oscillation loop that returns from the oscillation circuit to the oscillation circuit through the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode, the movable electrode, and the fixed electrode is formed,
Due to the vibration of the container, the first state in which the plate-like member is bent toward the fixed electrode and approaches the fixed electrode, and the second state in which the plate-like member is further away from the fixed electrode than in the first state And the frequency information is used to determine the period of the vibration using the fact that the oscillation frequency corresponding to the first state and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the second state appear alternately. Features.
As one aspect of the present invention, a configuration in which the plate-like member also serves as the piezoelectric plate can be exemplified.

As another aspect, the thickness of the portion of the plate-like member where the movable electrode is provided is greater than the thickness of the portion sandwiched between the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode. Large configuration or
The plate-like member has a configuration in which the thickness of the portion between the part and the movable electrode is smaller than the thickness of the part sandwiched between the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode. be able to.

  The present invention includes a first state in which the quartz plate is bent toward the fixed electrode due to the vibration of the container and approaches the fixed electrode, and a second state in which the quartz plate is farther from the fixed electrode than in the first state. , And the oscillation frequency corresponding to the first state and the oscillation frequency corresponding to the second state appear alternately. For this reason, the period (frequency) of vibration can be obtained based on the change in the oscillation frequency.

It is a vertical side view which shows the vibration detection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the upper surface and lower surface of the crystal plate which concern on the said embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the circuit structure of the said vibration detection apparatus. It is a circuit diagram which shows the equivalent circuit of the said vibration detection apparatus. It is explanatory drawing which shows a mode that a crystal plate vibrates. It is a frequency characteristic figure which shows a mode that an oscillation frequency changes with the vibration of a quartz plate. It is a vertical side view which shows the vibration detection apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the vibration detection apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the modification of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the modification of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the modification of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the modification of this invention.

[First Embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a rectangular parallelepiped sealed container made of quartz. A pedestal 11 made of crystal is provided in a sealed space in the container 1, and one end side of the crystal plate 2 is fixed to the upper surface of the pedestal 11 by a conductive adhesive 10. The quartz plate 2 is formed by forming AT-cut quartz in a strip shape, and the thickness is set to, for example, several tens of μm, for example, 0.03 mm. Therefore, when a force is applied in the direction intersecting the crystal plate 2, the tip is bent. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the quartz plate 2 is provided with an excitation electrode 31 at the center of the upper surface, and as shown in FIG. 2 (b), an excitation electrode is provided at a portion facing the excitation electrode 31 on the lower surface. 41 is provided. A strip-shaped extraction electrode 32 is connected to the excitation electrode 31 on the upper surface side, and this extraction electrode 32 is folded back to the lower surface on one end side of the crystal plate 2 and is in contact with the conductive adhesive 10. A conductive path 12 made of a metal layer is provided on the upper surface of the pedestal 11, and this conductive path 12 is connected to one end of the oscillation circuit 14 on the insulating substrate 13 via the insulating substrate 13 supporting the container. Yes.

A strip-shaped extraction electrode 42 is connected to the excitation electrode 41 on the lower surface side, and the extraction electrode 22 is extracted to the other end side (tip side) of the crystal plate 2 and connected to the movable electrode 5 for forming the variable capacitance. ing. On the other hand, on the container 1 side, a fixed electrode 6 for forming a variable capacitance is provided.
Is provided. A projection 7 (convex in a plan view) made of a convex quartz crystal is provided at the bottom of the container 1, and the fixed electrode 6 is provided so as to be substantially opposed to the movable electrode 5 in the projection 7. ing. When the crystal plate 2 touches excessively and the tip collides with the bottom of the container 1, the crystal plate 2 has a property of being easily chipped by a crystal lump due to the phenomenon of “breaking”. For this reason, the shape of the projection is determined such that the base end side (one end side) of the quartz plate 2 with respect to the movable electrode 5 collides with the projection 7 when the quartz plate 2 is touched excessively.

  The fixed electrode 6 is connected to the other end of the oscillation circuit 14 through a conductive path 15 wired via the surface of the protrusion 7 and the insulating substrate 13. FIG. 3 shows a connection state of the wiring of the vibration detecting device, and FIG. 4 shows an equivalent circuit. That is, the upper surface side excitation electrode 31 and the lower surface side excitation electrode 41 are connected to the oscillation circuit 14, but between the lower surface side excitation electrode and the oscillation circuit 14, between the movable electrode 5 and the fixed electrode 6. The formed variable capacitor Cv is interposed. In FIG. 4, C0 is the parallel capacitance of the crystal resonator, and C1 is the series capacitance of the crystal resonator.

A weight may be provided at the tip of the crystal plate 2 so that the amount of bending increases when acceleration is applied. In this case, the thickness of the variable electrode 5 may be increased to serve as a weight, the weight may be provided separately from the variable electrode 5 on the lower surface side of the crystal plate 2, or the upper surface of the crystal plate 2 A weight may be provided on the side.
Here, according to the international standard IEC 60122-1, the general formula of the crystal oscillation circuit is expressed as the following formula (1).

FL = Fr × (1 + x)
x = (C1 / 2) × 1 / (C0 + CL) (1)
FL is an oscillation frequency when a load is applied to the crystal resonator, and Fr is a resonance frequency of the crystal resonator itself.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the load capacity of the crystal plate 2 is obtained by adding Cv to CL. Therefore, y represented by equation (2) is substituted in place of CL in equation (1).

y = 1 / (1 / Cv + 1 / CL) (2)
Therefore, assuming that the oscillation frequency when Cv is Cv1 is FL1, and the oscillation frequency when Cv is Cv2 is FL2, equations (3) and (4) are established.

FL1 = Fr × [1 + {(C1 / 2) × 1 / (C0 + y1)}] (3)
However, y1 = 1 / (1 / Cv1 + 1 / CL).

FL2 = Fr × [1 + {(C1 / 2) × 1 / (C0 + y2)}] (4)
However, y2 = 1 / (1 / Cv2 + 1 / CL).

  The vibration detection device of such an embodiment is installed so that the crystal plate 2 is horizontal, for example, when the crystal plate 2 is flat without bending in a state where vibration is not applied. When an earthquake occurs and vibration is applied to the vibration detection device, the crystal plate 2 is shaken, for example, the first state shown in FIG. 5A and the second state shown in FIG. 5B are repeated. . Assuming that the values of Cv in the first state and the second state are Cv1 and Cv2, respectively, the oscillation frequencies FL1 and FL2 are values represented by the equations (3) and (4), so the oscillation frequencies are FL1 and It changes with time between FL2 as shown in FIG. Therefore, by analyzing the frequency data detected by the frequency detection unit 100 by the data processing unit 101, the period T (corresponding to the frequency) of the frequency change wave shown in FIG. 6 can be obtained.

  When the vibration detecting device vibrates due to the seismic wave, acceleration is applied to the quartz plate 2 in one direction and in the opposite direction, and for example, the frequency data shown in FIG. 6 can be acquired as described above. Even if it exists, it can detect correctly.

  According to the first embodiment described above, when vibration is applied to the container 1, the crystal plate 2 that is cantilevered by the container 1 is bent by the inertia of the vibration, and the crystal plate 2 is bent toward the fixed electrode 6. The first state approaching the fixed electrode 6 and the second state in which the quartz plate 2 is farther from the fixed electrode 6 than the first state alternately occur at the same cycle as the vibration. The change between the first state and the second state can be regarded as a change in the variable capacitance. By detecting the change in the variable capacitance as the change in the oscillation frequency of the crystal resonator, the change in the oscillation frequency is detected. Based on this, the period (frequency) of vibration can be obtained.

[Second Embodiment]
A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the present embodiment, the same structure as that of the first embodiment is denoted by the same reference numeral, and the description thereof is omitted. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the structure of the crystal plate 2. As shown in FIG. 7, the quartz plate 2 is divided into three parts, that is, an electrode forming part 21A, a thin part 22A, and an enlarged part 23A from one end side to the other end side depending on its role and shape. Yes. First, the electrode forming portion 21A is located on one end side of the quartz plate 2, and excitation electrodes 31 and 41 are provided on both sides of the surface of the quartz plate 2. The electrode forming portion 21A substantially plays a role corresponding to a quartz resonator. The thin portion 22A is thinner than the electrode formation portion 21A and is easily bent, and is designed to bend mainly when an external force is applied. The enlarged portion 23A is set to be thicker than the electrode forming portion 21A and the thin portion 22A, and the movable electrode 5 is provided on the lower surface. In addition, the enlarged portion 23A plays a role of a weight for improving the sensitivity by increasing the thickness to gain weight and increasing the amount of deflection when acceleration is applied. In addition, you may provide a weight separately in this expansion site | part 23A. In this case, the thickness of the movable electrode 5 may be increased to serve as a weight, or a weight may be provided separately from the movable electrode 5 on the lower surface side of the crystal plate 2, or the upper surface of the crystal plate 2 A weight may be provided on the side.

  According to the second embodiment described above, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, in the quartz plate 2, the thickness of the thin portion 22A is smaller than the thickness of the electrode forming portion 21A sandwiched between the excitation electrodes 31 and 41. By reducing the thickness, the bending of the electrode forming portion 21A is suppressed, so that a change in the oscillation frequency due to the bending of the quartz plate 2 that becomes noise in detecting external force is suppressed.

  Further, the enlarged portion 23A is thicker than the electrode forming portion 21A to increase the weight, thereby increasing the amount of bending of the thin portion 22A, that is, the amplitude of vibration of the enlarged portion 23A, and making it easier to detect the acceleration of vibration. ing. Increasing the thickness of the electrode forming portion 21A lowers the oscillation frequency and lowers the detection accuracy, so there is a limit to increasing the thickness of the electrode forming portion 21A. On the other hand, in the enlarged portion 23A, the thickness may be increased by forming a metal film in place of increasing the thickness, but this takes time. Therefore, it is desirable that the enlarged portion 23A is thicker than the electrode forming portion 21A. However, in the present invention, the enlarged portion 23A may have the same thickness as the electrode forming portion 21A or may have a small thickness. When the thickness of the enlarged portion 23A is smaller than the thickness of the electrode forming portion 21A, the relationship between the amount of deflection and the external force may be adjusted by attaching a thick metal film, for example.

  Even if the thickness of the thin part 22A is the same as the thickness of the electrode forming part 21A, if the thickness of the enlarged part 23A is larger than the thickness of the electrode forming part 21A, the inertia force of vibration applied to the enlarged part 23A increases. As a result, the amount of bending of the quartz plate 2 increases, so that the effect of improving the sensitivity can be obtained as described above.

[Third Embodiment]
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment, the quartz plate 2 has both the role of a sensing lever that forms a variable capacitor and the role of a quartz crystal resonator. However, in this embodiment, these roles are shared by different members. Different from the first embodiment. In the present embodiment, the same structure as that of the first embodiment is denoted by the same reference numeral, and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the vibration detection apparatus in the present embodiment is provided with a container 1B having a crystal resonator inside, a container 1C having a variable capacitor Cv formed therein, and an oscillation circuit 14 on an insulating substrate 13. It has been.

  In the container 1B, the crystal plate 2B is supported at the peripheral portion through a pedestal 11B fixed to the bottom thereof. Excitation electrodes 31 and 41 are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface of the central portion of the crystal plate 2B so as to sandwich the crystal plate 2B, thereby forming a crystal resonator. The excitation electrode 31 is connected to one end of the oscillation circuit 14 via a conductive path 12B including a lead electrode 32 provided on the upper surface of the crystal plate 2B and a conductive path wired via the pedestal 11B and the insulating substrate 13. Yes.

  In the container 1C, a plate-like member 2C is cantilevered at its base end (one end) via a pedestal 11C fixed to the bottom, and on the lower surface side of the tip (other end). Is provided with a movable electrode 5. The movable electrode 5 is a conductive material composed of lead electrodes 42 and 42 provided on the surface of the plate-like member 2C and the lower surface of the crystal plate 2B, and a conductive path wired through the base 11C, the insulating substrate 13, and the base 11B. It is connected to the excitation electrode 41 in the container 1B via the path 12C. A fixed electrode 6 is provided at the bottom of the container 1C so as to face the movable electrode 5, and a variable capacitor Cv is formed. The fixed electrode 6 is connected to one end of the oscillation circuit 14 through a conductive path 15 wired through the insulating substrate 13. As described above, in the vibration detection device of the present embodiment, the crystal plate 2B, the crystal resonator constituted by the excitation electrodes 31 and 41, the variable capacitor Cv formed by the movable electrode 5 and the fixed electrode 6, the oscillation circuit 14, the conductive An oscillation loop is formed by the paths 12B, 12C, and 15.

  When vibration is applied to the vibration detector, the plate-like member 2C is bent, so that the variable capacitor Cv varies in accordance with the vibration cycle. By detecting the fluctuation of the variable capacitor Cv as a change in the oscillation frequency of the crystal resonator, the period of vibration can be measured.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to avoid elastic coupling between the movable electrode 5 and the excitation electrode 41, and it is possible to use other than the piezoelectric body as the plate-like member 2C. There is an advantage of spreading.

9 and 10 show a modification of the present invention.
In the vibration sensor shown in FIG. 9, the excitation electrodes 31 and 41 of the crystal plate 2 are formed on the tip side of the crystal plate 2, and the excitation electrode 41 on the lower surface side and the movable electrode 5 are also used.
The vibration sensor shown in FIG. 10 employs a structure in which the upper surface and the lower surface of the crystal plate 2 are reversed as a crystal resonator including the crystal plate 2. In this case, the quartz plate 2 is interposed between the movable electrode 5 and the fixed electrode 6, but the same operation and effect can be obtained in this structure.
In the vibration sensor shown in FIG. 10, the movable electrode 5 on the lower surface side of the quartz plate 2 is turned to the upper surface side, and the fixed electrode 6 is provided on the upper surface side of the inner wall of the internal space of the container 1 so as to face the movable electrode 5. It has a configuration. In this case, the same action and effect can be obtained.

In order to prevent the tip of the quartz plate 2 from colliding with the container 1, the structure shown in FIG. In this example, a square having the same width as that of the crystal plate 2 is formed at a position closer to the base end side than the movable electrode 5 of the crystal plate 2. A protrusion 7 having a curved surface on the upper surface is provided so as to correspond to the bent shape when a force is applied. The fixed electrode 6 is provided on a pedestal 61 separated from the protrusion 7.
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to provide the protrusions 6, but a configuration in which the protrusions 7 are not provided as shown in FIG. In FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, the excitation electrode and the like are omitted.
In the above, the present invention can be applied not only to the earthquake vibration but also to the case of detecting the period of vibration generated in a simulated manner. Further, for example, the present invention may be applied to a case where the period of vibration generated in the washing machine main body due to a rotating water flow including laundry when the washing machine is operated is detected.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Container 11 Base 14 Oscillation circuit 31, 41 Excitation electrode 2 Crystal plate 5 Movable electrode 6 Fixed electrode

Claims (2)

A piezoelectric plate ;
In order to vibrate this piezoelectric plate, a first excitation electrode and a second excitation electrode respectively provided on one side and the other side of the piezoelectric plate;
An oscillation circuit that is electrically connected to the excitation electrode,
A plate-like member provided in the container separately from the piezoelectric plate and cantilevered at one end side;
And the movable electrode of the variable capacitance form provided et the other end side of the plate-like member,
A fixed electrode provided in the container so as to face the movable electrode and connected to the oscillation circuit, and a capacitance between the movable electrode and the movable electrode is changed by bending of a plate-like member, thereby forming a variable capacitance. When,
A frequency information detection unit for detecting a signal that is frequency information corresponding to the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit;
Oscillating circuit, the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode, the oscillation loop including the movable electrode and the fixed electrode is formed,
When an external force is applied to the plate-like member, the plate-like member bends and changes from one state to another state,
The variable capacitance is an external force detection device for converting a change in this state into a change in the oscillation frequency. 2. The external force detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a data processing unit for capturing the change as a change in oscillation frequency when the plate-like member is bent and changes from one state to another state.

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