JP2015041231A - Program rewriting system, control device, program output device, storage device, connector and program rewriting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a program rewriting system capable of rewriting the control program of a control device on the basis of a vehicle operation pattern, and also to provide the control device, a program output device, a storage device, a connector, and a program rewriting method.SOLUTION: An external device for transmitting a rewriting program is communicably connected to multiple ECUs for controlling an on-vehicle machine. The ECU-A successively stores information indicating a vehicle operation state, identifies one operation pattern depending on a predetermined condition on the basis of the stored information, and transmits the identification information of the identified operation pattern to the external device. The external device stores the identification information of each operation pattern and a rewriting program to be transmitted for each ECU in association with each other, and transmits the rewriting program corresponding to the identification information transmitted from the ECU-A to each ECU. Each ECU rewrites a control program on the basis of the transmitted rewriting program.

Description

  The present invention relates to a program rewriting system, a control device, a program output device, a storage device, a connector, and a program rewriting method for rewriting a control program in a control device that controls an in-vehicle device.

  In recent years, in the field of automobiles, the functions of vehicles have been increasingly advanced, and various devices are mounted on vehicles, and a large number of control devices for controlling these on-vehicle devices, so-called ECUs (Electronic Control Units) are mounted. ing. For example, a body system ECU that controls lighting / extinguishing of interior lighting and headlights according to a switch operation by an occupant and a sounding of an alarm device, and a meter that controls the operation of meters disposed near a driver's seat Various ECUs such as a navigation system ECU that controls a system ECU and a car navigation device are mounted on the vehicle.

  In general, the ECU is configured by an arithmetic processing unit such as a microcomputer, and controls the in-vehicle device by executing a control program stored in the ECU. The control program may differ depending on the destination and the installed function of the vehicle, even if the vehicle is the same model.The control program can be rewritten according to the destination and the installed function. It is necessary to rewrite the control program to a new version of the control program.

  For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an ECU that performs control suitable for a vehicle type or a destination. In the ECU disclosed in Patent Document 1, the storage area of the non-volatile ROM is used as a program area, a normal data area, and a memory backup area, and all vehicle types or destinations are selected until a vehicle type or a destination is selected. Data is stored in the memory backup area. When the vehicle type or destination is selected, the data for the selected vehicle type or destination is copied from the memory backup area to the normal data area, and control based on the data in the normal data area is performed.

  Patent Document 2 proposes a rewriting method in which a rewriting program is selected based on an identification code of a microcomputer in an ECU, and a control program is rewritten using the selected program. In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2, the ECU outputs an identification code stored in the ECU to an external device, and rewrites the control program by a rewriting program sent from the external device based on the identification code. .

JP 2011-025781 A JP 2006-221274 A

  However, the vehicle type, the destination, and the identification code stored in the ECU are predetermined information for the vehicle, and according to the above-described technology, an ECU that can be controlled according to the predetermined information. Can only be realized. Therefore, for example, it is not possible to realize an ECU that performs control suitable for an operating state such as a running state or a used state of a vehicle after sales (after starting use).

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances. The object of the present invention is to provide a program rewriting system, a control device, a program output device, a storage device, a connector, and a program rewriting method capable of rewriting a control program of a control device (ECU) based on an operation pattern of a vehicle. Is to provide.

  In the program rewriting system according to the present invention, a control device that controls an in-vehicle device according to a control program and a program output device that outputs a rewriting program that rewrites the control program are communicably connected. In a program rewriting system in which the control program of the control device is rewritten by the output rewriting program, a storage unit that is mounted on a vehicle and stores information indicating an operation state of the vehicle, and based on the information stored in the storage unit A specifying unit for specifying any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition relating to the operation state of the vehicle, and identification information for transmitting the identification information of the operation pattern specified by the specifying unit to the program output device The program output device includes identification information of the operation pattern and A storage unit that stores a replacement program in association with each other, a reception unit that receives the identification information transmitted by the identification information transmission unit, and a rewrite program that corresponds to the identification information received by the reception unit is read from the storage unit. And a program transmission unit for transmission to the control device.

  In the program rewriting system according to the present invention, the storage unit, the specifying unit, and the identification information transmitting unit are provided in the control device.

  The program rewriting system which concerns on this invention is mounted in the said vehicle, It is provided with the storage device which has the said storage part, the said specific part, and the said identification information transmission part.

  The program rewriting system according to the present invention includes a receiving unit that receives an access from the program output device, and the specifying unit is configured such that the storage unit is in a period from when the receiving unit receives the access to a predetermined period. The operation pattern is specified based on the accumulated information.

  The control device according to the present invention is a control device that controls an in-vehicle device according to a control program. The storage unit stores information indicating an operation state of the vehicle, and the operation state of the vehicle based on the information stored in the storage unit. A specifying unit that specifies any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition, an identification information transmitting unit that transmits identification information of the operation pattern specified by the specifying unit to the program output device, and the identification It has a receiving part which receives the rewriting program corresponding to the identification information which the information transmission part transmitted, and a rewriting part which rewrites the said control program by the rewriting program which this receiving part received.

  The program output device according to the present invention is a program output device that outputs a rewrite program for rewriting a control program to an external device, a storage unit that associates and stores identification information of a plurality of operation patterns and a rewrite program, and the operation pattern A receiving unit that receives the identification information from the outside, and a program transmission unit that reads the rewrite program corresponding to the identification information received by the receiving unit from the storage unit and transmits the rewriting program to the external device. And

  The storage device according to the present invention is mounted on a vehicle, and stores a storage unit that stores information indicating an operation state of the vehicle, and a predetermined condition relating to the operation state of the vehicle based on the information stored in the storage unit. A specifying unit that specifies any one of a plurality of prescribed operation patterns, and an identification information transmitting unit that transmits identification information of the operation pattern specified by the specifying unit to the program output device. .

  A connector according to the present invention includes the above-described storage device and is connectable to a signal line that transmits a signal related to information stored in the storage unit.

  A program rewriting method according to the present invention uses a control device that controls an in-vehicle device according to a control program, and a program output device that is communicably connected to the control device and outputs a rewriting program that rewrites the control program. In a program rewriting method for rewriting a control program of the control device with a rewriting program output from the program output device, a step of accumulating information indicating an operation state of the vehicle, and an operation of the vehicle based on the accumulated information A step of specifying any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition relating to a state, a step of transmitting identification information of the specified operation pattern to the program output device, and the program output device transmitted Receiving the identification information; and Characterized in that it comprises a step of transmitting a rewrite program corresponding to the signal identification information to the control device.

  According to the present invention, the control device that controls the in-vehicle device and the program output device that outputs the rewrite program are communicably connected. The program rewriting system accumulates information indicating the operation state of the vehicle, identifies one of a plurality of operation patterns based on the accumulated information, and transmits identification information of the identified operation pattern to the program output device. The program output device stores the operation pattern identification information and the rewrite program in association with each other. When the operation pattern identification information is received, the program output device reads the rewrite program corresponding to the received identification information and transmits it to the control device. . The control device receives the rewriting program transmitted from the program output device, and rewrites the control program of its own device. As a result, the control program can be rewritten by the rewriting program according to the operation pattern of the vehicle, and the control according to the operation pattern can be performed by performing the control according to the control program after the rewriting.

  According to the present invention, the control device performs processing for accumulating information indicating the operation state of the vehicle, specifying an operation pattern based on the accumulated information, and transmitting the information to the program output device. Therefore, for example, when a plurality of control devices are mounted on a vehicle, information indicating the operation state of the vehicle may be accumulated by one control device, and an operation pattern may be specified and transmitted based on the accumulated information. The other control device only needs to rewrite the control program in accordance with the rewrite program transmitted from the program output device. In addition, when a plurality of control devices are mounted on a vehicle, the above-described processing may be performed by each control device, and when the information stored for each control device is different, for each control device. The control program can be rewritten according to the operation pattern based on the accumulated information.

  According to the present invention, there is further provided a storage device that stores information indicating the operation state of the vehicle, the storage device specifies an operation pattern based on the information stored in the device itself, and the identification information of the specified operation pattern is programmed. Send to output device. Therefore, information indicating the operation state of the vehicle can be collectively managed by the storage device. For example, when a plurality of control devices are mounted on the vehicle, the control program of each control device can be rewritten based on information collectively managed by the storage device. Note that the storage device may be provided in a connector connected to the signal line. In this case, information indicating the operation state of the vehicle can be efficiently acquired based on a signal transmitted and received through the signal line.

  According to the present invention, the operation pattern is specified based on the information accumulated in the period from the time when the program output device has accessed until the predetermined period. Therefore, when the control program is rewritten, it is possible to rewrite the control program according to the most recent operation pattern by specifying the operation pattern based on the most recently accumulated information.

  In the present invention, since the control program of the control device is rewritten by the rewriting program corresponding to the vehicle operation pattern, the control device can perform control according to the vehicle operation pattern. Therefore, the performance of the vehicle can be improved by rewriting the control program so that the control device operates with maximum efficiency according to the operation pattern.

It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the program rewriting system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of ECU-A. It is a block diagram for demonstrating the detection process of the charging current to a storage battery. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of ECU-B. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of an external device. It is a chart which shows an example of a program management table. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the rewriting process in an external device. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the rewriting process in ECU-A. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the specific process of the operation pattern of the vehicle in ECU-A. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the specific process of the operation pattern of the vehicle in ECU-A. It is a chart which shows the other example of a program management table. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the program rewriting system which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of an operation management apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the program rewriting system which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of a connector.

  Hereinafter, a program rewriting system, a control device, a program output device, a storage device, a connector, and a program rewriting method according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings showing embodiments thereof.

(Embodiment 1)
Below, the program rewriting system of this Embodiment 1 is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a program rewriting system according to the first embodiment. The program rewriting system 100 according to the first embodiment includes a plurality of ECUs such as ECU-A1 and ECU-B2 that are on-vehicle control devices mounted on a vehicle 101, and a LAN interface (hereinafter referred to as LAN I / F) 4. And an external device (program output device) 3 that outputs a rewrite program to the ECU.
In the first embodiment, the ECU-A1 controls in-vehicle devices such as the interior lighting 71, the alarm device 72, and the headlight 73 (see FIG. 2), and the ECU-B2 includes the car navigation device 74, the television device ( Hereinafter, in-vehicle devices such as a TV device 75 and a radio device 76 (see FIG. 4) are controlled. A plurality of ECUs such as ECU-A1 and ECU-B2 are connected by an in-vehicle LAN, and can exchange data by communicating with each other.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the ECU-A1.
The ECU-A 1 includes a CPU (Central Processor Unit) 10, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 11, a storage unit 12, a communication interface (hereinafter referred to as communication I / F) 13, and an input / output interface (hereinafter referred to as input / output I / F). 14) and the like. In-vehicle devices such as the interior lighting 71, the alarm device 72, and the headlight 73 are connected to the input / output I / F 14 of the ECU-A1 via a cable or the like. The input / output I / F 14 can input / output signals to / from these in-vehicle devices, and outputs an operation command or the like given from the CPU 10 to each in-vehicle device and information input from each in-vehicle device. Is given to the CPU 10.

  With respect to the interior lighting 71, for example, an on / off signal of an operation switch operated by an occupant and a door opening / closing signal are input to the ECU-A1, and the ECU-A1 lights the interior lighting 71 based on these signals. / Performs control related to the in-vehicle lighting function to be turned off. With regard to the alarm device 72, for example, when an alarm function such as theft prevention is installed, the ECU-A1 determines whether or not an event that the door is opened or the engine is started without depending on the key occurs. Determination is made based on information from various sensors, and control is performed to sound the alarm device 72 when the event occurs. As for the headlight 73, when an automatic lighting function is installed, the headlight 73 is automatically turned on / off based on information from a light sensor that detects the amount of light outside the vehicle.

  The CPU 10 reads and executes the control program 60 stored in advance in the storage unit 12, thereby performing the above-described control process on the in-vehicle device connected to the input / output I / F 14. Further, the CPU 10 advances the process while storing temporary data generated in the calculation of the process of performing the control process in the RAM 11. The RAM 11 is composed of a memory element such as SRAM (Static RAM) or DRAM (Dynamic RAM), and temporarily stores various data generated in the process of the CPU 10. The storage unit 12 includes a rewritable nonvolatile memory element such as an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) or a flash memory. The storage unit 12 stores a control program 60, a rewrite processing program A61 for performing control processing when the control program 60 is rewritten, and an operation history table (accumulation unit) 62 in which information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 is accumulated. ing.

  The information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 accumulated in the operation history table 62 includes, for example, ignition switch on / off, brake operation execution / release, vehicle 101 traveling speed, steering wheel rotation angle (steering angle), and the like. Information indicating the running state (usage state) of the vehicle 101 is included. In addition, generation of a charging current flowing from the generator 80 to the storage battery 81 in order to charge the storage battery 81 (see FIG. 3) with the power generated by the generator 80 (see FIG. 3) mounted on the vehicle 101 (presence / absence) ) Is also included in the information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram for explaining processing for detecting a charging current to the storage battery 81. The vehicle 101 is equipped with a generator 80, a storage battery 81, and a battery 82, and the storage battery 81 and the battery 82 are connected to a power supply system ECU 8 that is connected to the in-vehicle LAN. The power supply system ECU 8 is an ECU that controls power supply equipment such as a power supply and a power supply switching relay. For example, the power supply ECU 8 supplies power to the load 83 (vehicle equipment) from the storage battery 81 or the battery 82 according to the state of the vehicle 101. Switch to one of the power. In the first embodiment, a current sensor 84 that detects a charging current flowing from the generator 80 to the storage battery 81 is mounted on the vehicle 101, and the current sensor 84 is connected to the in-vehicle LAN. The current sensor 84 may not only detect the presence / absence (generation) of the charging current from the generator 80 to the storage battery 81 but may also detect the amount of the generated charging current. In FIG. 3, the charging current from the generator 80 to the storage battery 81 is schematically indicated by a thick arrow.

  CPU10 of ECU-A1 receives the signal regarding the above information (information which shows the operation state of the vehicle 101) via vehicle-mounted LAN. Specifically, the CPU 10 monitors the current operation state of the vehicle 101 based on a signal that is appropriately received via the in-vehicle LAN. When the CPU 10 receives a signal related to information as described above, the received information For example, it is sequentially stored in the operation history table 62 in association with the absolute time or the elapsed time from the start of the operation of the vehicle 101. In addition, CPU10 acquires the output signal from an ignition sensor, a brake sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, a steering wheel steering angle sensor (all are not shown), and the electric current sensor 84 as a signal regarding the information mentioned above, for example. Further, the CPU 10 may acquire a signal related to the above information not via the in-vehicle LAN but via a directly connected signal line.

  The rewrite processing program A 61 is a program executed by the CPU 10 when accessed from the external device 3. When the CPU 10 executes the rewrite processing program A61, based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62, the CPU 10 specifies the operation pattern indicated by the information, the processing for notifying the external device 3 of the specified operation pattern, the external Processing for rewriting the rewriting program sent from the apparatus 3 into the RAM 11, processing for rewriting the control program 60 in accordance with the rewriting program written in the RAM 11, and the like are performed. Note that the process of specifying the operation pattern based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62 is performed according to a predetermined criterion.

  The communication I / F 13 is connected to another ECU mounted on the vehicle 101 via an in-vehicle LAN, and transmits / receives data to / from another ECU according to a protocol such as CAN (Controller Area Network). Communication I / F 13 transmits data given from CPU 10 and gives data received from other ECUs to CPU 10. As a result, the ECU-A1 can acquire information obtained from the in-vehicle device connected to the other ECU by communication of the communication I / F 13, and also issue an operation command to the in-vehicle device connected to the other ECU. Can be sent and controlled.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the ECU-B2.
The ECU-B2 includes a CPU 20, a RAM 21, a storage unit 22, a communication I / F 23, an input / output I / F 24, and the like. In-vehicle devices such as the car navigation device 74, the TV device 75, and the radio device 76 are connected to the input / output I / F 24 of the ECU-B2 via a cable or the like. The input / output I / F 24 can input / output signals to / from these in-vehicle devices, outputs an operation command or the like given from the CPU 20 to each in-vehicle device, and information input from each in-vehicle device. Is given to the CPU 20.

  The ECU-B2 includes an operation display unit (not shown) such as a liquid crystal touch panel, and receives an operation signal operated by an occupant in the operation display unit, and the CPU 20 performs a car navigation device 74 based on the operation signal. Then, control processing for switching the operation screens related to the TV device 75 and the radio device 76 and displaying them on the operation display unit is performed, and control processing for switching sound output to a speaker (not shown) is performed. Note that the functions of the car navigation device 74, the TV device 75, and the radio device 76 are known per se and will not be described for the sake of simplicity.

  The CPU 20 reads out and executes the control program 63 stored in advance in the storage unit 22, thereby performing the above-described control process on the in-vehicle device connected to the input / output I / F 24. Further, the CPU 20 advances the process while storing temporary data generated in the calculation of the process of performing the control process in the RAM 21. The RAM 21 is composed of a memory element such as SRAM or DRAM, and temporarily stores various data generated during the processing of the CPU 20. The storage unit 22 includes a rewritable nonvolatile memory element such as an EEPROM or a flash memory. The storage unit 22 stores in advance a control program 63 and a rewrite processing program B64 for performing control processing when the control program 63 is rewritten.

The rewrite processing program B 64 is a program executed by the CPU 20 when accessed from the external device 3. When the CPU 20 executes the rewrite processing program B 64, the CPU 20 performs a process of writing the rewrite program sent from the external device 3 into the RAM 21, a process of rewriting the control program 63 according to the rewrite program written in the RAM 21, and the like.
Note that the communication I / F 23 is the same as the communication I / F 13 included in the ECU-A1, and a description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the external device 3.
The external device 3 includes a CPU 30, a RAM 31, a ROM 32, a storage device 33, an operation display unit 34, a communication I / F 35, and the like. The external device 3 is connected to the LAN I / F 4 by the communication I / F 35 when rewriting the control program of the ECU, and transmits / receives data to / from a plurality of ECUs mounted on the vehicle 101 according to a protocol such as CAN. .

  The CPU 30 reads out and executes the control program 65 stored in advance in the ROM 32, thereby acquiring the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 from the ECU-A1, and controls each ECU with respect to the plurality of ECUs mounted on the vehicle 101. Send a rewrite program to rewrite the program. In addition, the CPU 30 advances the process while storing temporary data generated in the calculation in the process of performing the control process in the RAM 31. The RAM 31 is composed of a memory element such as SRAM or DRAM, and temporarily stores various data generated in the process of the CPU 30. The ROM 32 is composed of a rewritable nonvolatile memory element such as an EEPROM.

  The storage device 33 is, for example, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive), a CD (Compact Disk) -ROM, an SD (Secure Digital) memory, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) memory, and the like, and includes a program management table 66, a rewrite program file database (hereinafter referred to as a rewrite program file database). , Written as a rewrite program file DB) 67. FIG. 6 is a chart showing an example of the program management table 66. The program management table 66 is a table describing the rewrite program file name of each ECU corresponding to the pattern ID of the operation pattern. For example, the operation pattern with the pattern ID “1” is a pattern mainly composed of high-speed running, the rewrite program for rewriting the control program 60 of the ECU-A1 is the rewrite program file (# 111), and the ECU-B2 The rewrite program for rewriting the control program 63 is a rewrite program file (# 211).

  The rewrite program file DB 67 is a database that stores the rewrite program file described in the program management table 66. Specifically, the rewrite program file (# 111) for ECU-A1, the rewrite program file (# 211) for ECU-B2, and the like are stored in the rewrite program file DB 67.

  The operation display unit 34 is, for example, a liquid crystal touch panel, displays an operation screen on the screen, and receives an operation input signal from an operator. For example, after the communication I / F 35 is connected to the LAN I / F 4, the operation display unit 34 displays a state in which communication with the ECU mounted on the vehicle 101 is possible and a rewrite work start button. The touch of the start button by the worker is accepted, and the progress status of the rewriting work is displayed.

  The communication I / F 35 can be connected to the LAN I / F 4, and transmits / receives data according to a protocol such as CAN to / from the ECU mounted on the vehicle 101 via the LAN I / F 4 and the in-vehicle LAN. Do. The communication I / F 35 transmits the data given from the CPU 30 and gives the data received via the in-vehicle LAN to the CPU 30. The communication I / F 35 may be configured to be wired to the LAN I / F 4 via a cable or the like, or may be configured to be wirelessly connected to the in-vehicle LAN through wireless communication.

  Next, a rewriting process for rewriting the control program of each ECU by the program rewriting system 100 will be described. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the rewriting process in the external device 3, and FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the rewriting process in the ECU-A1. The CPU 30 of the external device 3 executes a series of rewriting processes described below using the control program 65. After the communication I / F 35 is connected to the LAN I / F 4 and becomes communicable with the ECU mounted on the vehicle 101, the CPU 30 requests a pattern ID request for the pattern ID (identification information) of the operation pattern of the vehicle 101. Is transmitted from the communication I / F 35 to the ECU-A1 (S11). The external device 3 receives the pattern ID transmitted from the ECU-A1 in response to the pattern ID request by the communication I / F (reception unit) 35 (S12).

  The received pattern ID is written in the RAM 31, and the CPU 30 reads the pattern ID written in the RAM 31, and extracts the rewrite program corresponding to the pattern ID from the program management table 66 (S13). For example, when the pattern ID is “2”, the CPU 30 extracts the rewrite program file (# 121) for ECU-A1, and extracts the rewrite program file (# 221) for ECU-B2 (see FIG. 6). ). The CPU 30 of the external device 3 reads the extracted rewrite program from the rewrite program file DB 67, and transmits it from the communication I / F (program transmission unit) 35 to the ECU-A1 and ECU-B2 (S14). In the above example, the external device 3 transmits the rewrite program file (# 121) to the ECU-A1, and transmits the rewrite program file (# 221) to the ECU-B2.

  On the other hand, the ECU-A1 executes a series of rewrite processes based on the process by the rewrite process program A61. The CPU 10 of the ECU-A1 receives the pattern ID request transmitted by the external device 3 in step S11 through the communication I / F 13 (S21). That is, the CPU 10 of the ECU-A1 receives access from the external device 3 via the in-vehicle LAN at the communication I / F (accepting unit) 13. When the access from the external device 3 is received, the CPU (identification unit) 10 performs a process of identifying the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62 (S22). The details of the process of specifying the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 will be described later based on the flowcharts shown in FIGS.

  After the CPU 10 of the ECU-A1 performs the process of specifying the operation pattern of the vehicle 101, the pattern ID of the specified operation pattern is transmitted from the communication I / F (identification information transmission unit) 13 to the external device 3 (S23). The ECU-A1 receives the rewrite program transmitted from the external device 3 in step S14 based on the transmitted pattern ID by the communication I / F (reception unit) 13, and stores it in the RAM 11 (S24). In the above example, the rewrite program file (# 121) transmitted from the external device 3 is stored in the RAM 11. The rewrite processing program A61 transfers the process to the rewrite program stored in the RAM 11, and the CPU (rewrite unit) 10 rewrites the control program 60 by executing the rewrite program stored in the RAM 11 (S25).

  The ECU-B2 executes a series of rewrite processes based on the process by the rewrite process program B64, but the process in the ECU-B2 omits steps S21 to S23 in the procedure shown in FIG. Step S25 is executed. That is, the ECU-B2 receives the rewrite program transmitted from the external device 3 in step S14 based on the pattern ID transmitted from the ECU-A1 by the communication I / F 23, and writes and stores it in the RAM 21 (S24). In the above example, the rewrite program file (# 221) transmitted from the external device 3 is stored in the RAM 21. The rewrite processing program B64 passes the processing to the rewrite program stored in the RAM 21, and the CPU 20 rewrites the control program 63 by executing the rewrite program stored in the RAM 21 (S25).

  FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are flowcharts showing the procedure of the operation pattern specifying process of the vehicle 101 in the ECU-A1. The CPU 10 of the ECU-A1 calculates the brake operation frequency based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62 (S31). In the operation history table 62, a signal related to the brake operation is accumulated in association with the absolute time or the elapsed time from the start of the operation of the vehicle 101. For example, the CPU 10 stores the total operation time and the total brake operation of the vehicle 101. Based on the number of executions, the number (frequency) of brake operations in a predetermined time (for example, several hours) is calculated. Note that the frequency of the brake operation may be calculated by a method other than such a calculation method. For example, the CPU 10 determines the frequency of the brake operation during a period from the time when the operation pattern specifying process is performed to a predetermined period before, the frequency of the brake operation during the period from when the ignition key of the vehicle 101 is turned on to when it is turned off, and the predetermined speed. The frequency of the brake operation during traveling as described above may be calculated.

  The CPU 10 determines whether or not the calculated frequency is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (S32). If the CPU 10 determines that the calculated frequency is equal to or higher than the predetermined value (S32: YES), the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 is set to the pattern ID “2”. (In FIG. 6, the operation pattern of “braking is frequent”) is specified (S33). When it is determined that the calculated frequency is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S32: NO), the CPU 10 calculates the continuous running time (S34). In the operation history table 62, a signal related to on / off of the ignition switch is accumulated in association with the absolute time or the elapsed time from the start of the operation of the vehicle 101, and the CPU 10 is turned off after the ignition switch is turned on. Time (continuous running time) is calculated. For example, the CPU 10 sets the timing at which the vehicle 101 starts to travel as the time when the travel speed of the vehicle 101 is no longer 0, and the timing at which the vehicle 101 stops as the travel speed of the vehicle 101 is 0. As the time point when the state becomes 0, the time between them may be calculated as the continuous running time.

CPU10 calculates the ratio of the number of continuous running time more than predetermined time with respect to the calculated total number (number) of continuous running time (S35). For example, when 100 continuous running times are calculated and 10 continuous running times of a predetermined time (for example, 2 hours) or more are calculated, the CPU 10 calculates 10%.
The CPU 10 determines whether or not the calculated ratio is greater than or equal to a predetermined value (S36). If the CPU 10 determines that the calculated ratio is greater than or equal to the predetermined value (S36: YES), the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 is displayed with a pattern ID “3”. (In FIG. 6, the operation pattern of “mainly running for a long time” in FIG. 6) is specified (S37). When it is determined that the calculated ratio is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S36: NO), the CPU 10 calculates a time during which the travel speed is equal to or greater than the predetermined speed (high speed travel time) (S38). In the operation history table 62, a signal related to the traveling speed of the vehicle 101 is accumulated in association with the absolute time or the elapsed time from the start of the operation of the vehicle 101. The CPU 10 determines that the traveling speed of the vehicle 101 is a predetermined speed (for example, Time that is 80 km / h or more is calculated. Further, the CPU 10 calculates the ratio of the high speed travel time to the total operation time (total travel time) of the vehicle 101 (S39).

  The CPU 10 determines whether or not the calculated ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (S40). If the CPU 10 determines that the calculated ratio is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S40: YES), the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 is set to the pattern ID “1”. (S41) (S41). If it is determined that the calculated ratio is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S40: NO), the CPU 10 calculates the occurrence frequency of the charging current (S42). In the operation history table 62, a signal related to the generation of the charging current is accumulated in association with the absolute time or the elapsed time from the start of the operation of the vehicle 101. For example, the CPU 10 stores the total operation time and the charging current of the vehicle 101. Based on the total time when the occurrence of the charging current, the ratio of the charging current generation time to the total operation time (total running time) is calculated as the charging current generation frequency. Further, for example, the CPU 10 determines the ratio of the charging current generation time with respect to the period from the time when the operation pattern specifying process is performed to a predetermined period before, and the charging current with respect to the time from when the ignition key of the vehicle 101 is turned on to when it is turned off. You may calculate the ratio of generation | occurrence | production time etc. as an occurrence frequency of charging current. Furthermore, the CPU 10 integrates the current amount of the charging current, and based on the total operation time of the vehicle 101 and the total current amount of the charging current, the CPU 10 determines the charging current amount in a predetermined time (for example, several hours) as the frequency of occurrence of the charging current. May be calculated as In addition, the CPU 10 determines the charging current amount during the period from the time when the operation pattern specifying process is performed to a predetermined period before, the charging current amount from when the ignition key of the vehicle 101 is turned on to when it is turned off, etc. It may be calculated as the occurrence frequency.

  The CPU 10 determines whether or not the calculated occurrence frequency of the charging current is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (S43). If the CPU 10 determines that the calculated charging current is equal to or higher than the predetermined value (S43: YES), the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 is changed to a pattern ID. Is identified as an operation pattern of “4” (in FIG. 6, an operation pattern of “charging current is detected frequently”) (S44). When it is determined that the calculated occurrence frequency of the charging current is not equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S43: NO), the CPU 10 selects the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 as the operation pattern with the pattern ID “5” (in FIG. 6, “other than the above”). (Operation pattern) (S45). When the pattern ID of the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 is specified, the CPU 10 shifts the processing to step S23 in the flowchart of FIG.

  In the first embodiment, the process in which the ECU-A1 specifies the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62 is not limited to the process described above, and is illustrated in FIGS. The process is an example. Further, the number of operation patterns to be specified is not limited to five. A process by which the ECU-A1 can identify any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined in accordance with a predetermined condition regarding the operation state of the vehicle 101 based on information related to the operation state of the vehicle 101 accumulated in the operation history table 62. Any process may be used. The control program of each ECU is updated according to the operation pattern specified by ECU-A1, so that the operation pattern can be rewritten to a control program that allows each ECU to operate as efficiently as possible. It is desirable to set

In the first embodiment, since the control program of each ECU is rewritten by the rewriting program corresponding to the operation pattern of the vehicle 101, each ECU can perform optimal control according to the operation pattern, and improve the vehicle performance. be able to.
Note that the control program of each ECU does not necessarily need to be rewritten. FIG. 11 is a chart showing another example of the program management table 66. In the example shown in FIG. 11, there is no rewrite program for ECU-A1 when the pattern ID is “1”, and there is no rewrite program for ECU-B2 when the pattern ID is “3”. Assumed. When such a program management table 66 is used, when an operation pattern with the pattern ID “1” is specified as the operation pattern of the vehicle 101, the rewriting program is not transmitted from the external device 3 to the ECU-A1. As a result, the rewriting program is transmitted only to the ECU that requires rewriting of the control program, so that the communication load can be reduced.

In the first embodiment, each ECU rewrites the control program with a rewrite program acquired from the external device 3, so there is no need to hold a plurality of rewrite programs in each ECU, and an extra data storage area is provided. It does not have to be provided.
Further, accumulation of information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 and identification of an operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the accumulated information are performed by one ECU (ECU-A1 in the first embodiment) mounted on the vehicle 101. Is called. Therefore, the other ECUs do not need to store the operation history table 62 and need not provide an extra data storage area. In addition, the other ECUs do not need to perform an operation pattern specifying process, so that the processing load can be reduced.
Furthermore, the pattern ID of the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 needs to be transmitted and received only once between the external device 3 and one ECU, and the communication efficiency is good.

  In the first embodiment, the process of specifying the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the information of the operation history table 62 is performed after the external device 3 is connected to the in-vehicle LAN and can communicate with the ECU mounted on the vehicle 101. ECU-A1. In addition to this, the ECU-A1 determines whether the operation time (traveling time) of the vehicle 101 is longer than a predetermined time (for example, 100 hours) or when the traveling distance is longer than a predetermined distance (for example, 100 km). The operation pattern of the vehicle 101 may be specified at the timing. Also, without specifying the operation pattern, various information used when specifying the operation pattern, for example, the frequency of brake operation, continuous running time, high-speed running time, and occurrence frequency of charging current are calculated at the predetermined timing described above. You may keep it. In this case, when communication with the external device 3 becomes possible, the ECU-A1 specifies the pattern ID of the already specified action pattern or the action pattern based on the already calculated information, and the specified pattern ID of the action pattern. May be transmitted to the external device 3.

  In the first embodiment, the ECU-A1 performs accumulation of information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101, identification of an operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the accumulated information, and the like. (For example, ECU-B2) may perform this. Further, all the ECUs may perform the above-described processing individually. When each ECU performs the above-described processing individually, the information accumulated in the operation history table 62 may be different in each ECU. In this case, each ECU can be rewritten to a control program according to an operation pattern based on the accumulated information, and can be rewritten to a control program suitable for each ECU.

(Embodiment 2)
Below, the program rewriting system of Embodiment 2 is demonstrated. FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the program rewriting system 100 according to the second embodiment. The program rewriting system 100 according to the second embodiment includes an operation management device (storage device) 5 in addition to a plurality of ECUs such as ECU-A1 and ECU-B2 and the external device 3. The ECU-A1 according to the second embodiment does not store the operation history table 62 in the storage unit 12, and further stores the rewrite processing program B64 instead of the rewrite processing program A61. It differs from ECU-A1. However, the ECU-A1 controls the interior lighting 71, the alarm device 72, the headlight 73, and the like in the same manner as the ECU-A1 in the first embodiment described above with respect to the function controlled by the in-vehicle device (see FIG. 2). The ECU-B2 in the second embodiment is equivalent to the ECU-B2 in the first embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the operation management apparatus 5.
The operation management device 5 is a device that stores the operation history table 62 stored in the ECU-A1 in the first embodiment in place of the ECU-A1. The operation management device 5 includes a CPU 50, a RAM 51, a storage unit 52, and a communication I / F 53. The CPU 50 reads out and executes the control program 68 stored in advance in the storage unit 52, thereby performing rewriting processing of the control program of each ECU. Further, the CPU 50 advances the processing while storing temporary data generated in the arithmetic processing or the like in the RAM 51. The RAM 51 is configured by a memory element such as SRAM or DRAM, and temporarily stores various data generated in the process of the CPU 50.

The storage unit 52 includes a rewritable nonvolatile memory element such as an EEPROM or a flash memory. The storage unit 52 stores a control program 68 and an operation history table 62 in which information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 is accumulated.
Similar to the CPU 10 of the ECU-A1 in the first embodiment described above, the CPU 50 of the operation management device 5 receives a signal related to information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 via the in-vehicle LAN. Specifically, the CPU 50 acquires output signals from the ignition sensor, the brake sensor, the vehicle speed sensor, the steering wheel angle sensor, and the current sensor 84. Then, the CPU 50 sequentially accumulates the received information in the operation history table 62 in association with, for example, absolute time or the elapsed time from the start of operation of the vehicle 101. Note that the CPU 50 may acquire the above-described signal via a directly connected signal line instead of via the in-vehicle LAN.

  Communication I / F53 is equivalent to communication I / F13 which ECU-A1 has, and communication I / F23 which ECU-B2 has.

  Next, a rewriting process for rewriting the control program of each ECU by the program rewriting system 100 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. The CPU 30 of the external device 3 executes a series of rewriting processes described below using the control program 65. After the communication I / F 35 is connected to the LAN I / F 4 and can communicate with the ECU mounted on the vehicle 101, the CPU 30 sends a pattern ID request for requesting the pattern ID of the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 to the communication I / F. The data is transmitted from F35 to the operation management apparatus 5 (S11). The external device 3 receives the pattern ID transmitted from the operation management device 5 in response to the pattern ID request through the communication I / F 35 (S12).

  The received pattern ID is written in the RAM 31, and the CPU 30 reads the pattern ID written in the RAM 31, and extracts the rewrite program corresponding to the pattern ID from the program management table 66 (S13). For example, when the pattern ID is “2”, the CPU 30 extracts the rewrite program file (# 121) for ECU-A1, and extracts the rewrite program file (# 221) for ECU-B2 (see FIG. 6). ). The CPU 30 of the external device 3 reads the extracted rewrite program from the rewrite program file DB 67, and transmits it from the communication I / F 35 to the ECU-A1 and the ECU-B2 (S14). In the above example, the external device 3 transmits the rewrite program file (# 121) to the ECU-A1, and transmits the rewrite program file (# 221) to the ECU-B2.

The operation management apparatus 5 executes the rewriting process based on the process by the control program 68. However, the process in the operation management apparatus 5 omits steps S24 and S25 in the procedure shown in FIG. 8, and performs steps S21 to S23. It is something to execute. That is, when the CPU 50 of the operation management device 5 receives the pattern ID request transmitted by the external device 3 in step S11 by the communication I / F 53 (S21), based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62, Processing for specifying the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 is performed (S22). Note that the CPU 50 performs the same process as that described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 in the first embodiment, and identifies the operation pattern of the vehicle 101.
The CPU 50 of the motion management device 5 transmits the pattern ID of the identified motion pattern from the communication I / F (identification information transmitter) 53 to the external device 3 after performing the motion pattern identifying process of the vehicle 101 (S23). .

  The ECU-A1 executes a series of rewrite processes based on the process by the rewrite process program B64 stored in the storage unit 12, but the process in the ECU-A1 omits steps S21 to S23 in the procedure shown in FIG. , Step S24 and Step S25 are executed. That is, the ECU-A1 receives the rewrite program transmitted from the external device 3 in step S14 based on the pattern ID transmitted from the operation management device 5 through the communication I / F 13, and stores it in the RAM 11 (S24). In the above example, the rewrite program file (# 121) transmitted from the external device 3 is stored in the RAM 11. The rewrite processing program B64 transfers the process to the rewrite program stored in the RAM 11, and the CPU 10 rewrites the control program 60 by executing the rewrite program stored in the RAM 11 (S25). Note that the processing procedure for the ECU-B2 is the same as that of the ECU-A1, and therefore the description thereof is omitted for the sake of simplicity.

  Also in the second embodiment, since the control program of each ECU is rewritten by the rewrite program corresponding to the operation pattern of the vehicle 101, each ECU can perform optimal control according to the operation pattern, and improve the vehicle performance. Can be made. In addition, each ECU rewrites the control program with the rewrite program acquired from the external device 3, so there is no need to hold a plurality of rewrite programs in each ECU, and no extra data storage area is provided. Good.

  In the second embodiment, accumulation of information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 and identification of an operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the accumulated information are performed by the operation management device 5 mounted on the vehicle 101. Therefore, the operation management device 5 can collectively manage the operation state of the vehicle 101, and each ECU does not need to store the operation history table 62, so there is no need to provide an extra data storage area. Since there is no need to perform pattern identification processing, the processing load can be reduced. Also in the second embodiment, the pattern ID of the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 needs to be transmitted and received only once between the external device 3 and the operation management device 5, and the communication efficiency is good.

  Also in the second embodiment, when the operation time (traveling time) of the vehicle 101 is equal to or longer than a predetermined time (for example, 100 hours), the motion management device 5 is equal to or longer than the predetermined distance (for example, 100 km). The operation pattern of the vehicle 101 may be specified at a predetermined timing. Further, the operation management device 5 calculates various information used when specifying the operation pattern, for example, the frequency of brake operation, the continuous travel time, the high speed travel time, and the occurrence frequency of the charging current at the predetermined timing described above. It may be left.

(Embodiment 3)
The program rewriting system of Embodiment 3 will be described below. FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the program rewriting system 100 according to the third embodiment. A program rewriting system 100 according to the third embodiment includes a plurality of ECUs such as ECU-A1 and ECU-B2, an external device 3, and a connector 9 having the function of the operation management device 5 according to the second embodiment. The ECU-A1, ECU-B2, and the external device 3 in the third embodiment are equivalent to the ECU-A1, ECU-B2, and the external device 3 in the second embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the connector 9.
The connector 9 includes the components 50 to 53 of the operation management device 5 according to the second embodiment and the signal line connection unit 90. The signal line connection unit 90 transmits output signals from various sensors such as a power line to which power from the storage battery 81 or the battery 82 is supplied, an ignition sensor, a brake sensor, a vehicle speed sensor, a steering wheel steering angle sensor, and a current sensor 84. It is an interface for connecting to a signal line or the like. The connector 9 of the third embodiment constitutes a part of the electrical wiring in the vehicle 101 and has a function of relaying the in-vehicle LAN and the signal line, but is not limited to such a configuration. For example, the function of the operation management device 5 according to the second embodiment may be provided in a connector having a function of relaying signal lines to each other and a function of relaying the in-vehicle LAN and the in-vehicle LAN.

  In the program rewriting system 100 of the third embodiment, the ECU-A1, the ECU-B2, and the external device 3 perform the same processing as the ECU-A1, the ECU-B2, and the external device 3 in the above-described second embodiment. Therefore, the description of the processes performed by the ECU-A1, the ECU-B2, and the external device 3 will be omitted.

  In the program rewriting system 100 according to the third embodiment, the connector 9 performs the same processing as that of the operation management apparatus 5 according to the second embodiment. That is, the connector 9 executes a rewrite process based on the control program 68 stored in the storage unit 52, and executes steps S21 to S23 in the procedure shown in FIG. Specifically, when the CPU 50 of the connector 9 receives the pattern ID request transmitted by the external device 3 through the communication I / F 53 (S21), the CPU 50 of the vehicle 101 is based on the information accumulated in the operation history table 62. Processing for specifying an operation pattern is performed (S22). Also in this case, the CPU 50 performs the same process as that described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 in the first embodiment, and specifies the operation pattern of the vehicle 101. Then, after specifying the operation pattern of the vehicle 101, the CPU 50 of the connector 9 transmits the pattern ID of the specified operation pattern from the communication I / F (identification information transmission unit) 53 to the external device 3 (S23).

  Also in the third embodiment, since the control program of each ECU is rewritten by the rewriting program corresponding to the operation pattern of the vehicle 101, each ECU can perform optimal control according to the operation pattern, and improve the vehicle performance. Can be made. In addition, each ECU rewrites the control program with the rewrite program acquired from the external device 3, so there is no need to hold a plurality of rewrite programs in each ECU, and no extra data storage area is provided. Good.

  In the third embodiment, accumulation of information indicating the operation state of the vehicle 101 and specification of the operation pattern of the vehicle 101 based on the accumulated information are performed by the connector 9 mounted on the vehicle 101. Therefore, the connector 9 can collectively manage the operation state of the vehicle 101, and each ECU does not need to store the operation history table 62, so there is no need to provide an extra data storage area. Since it is not necessary to perform specific processing, the processing load can be reduced. In the third embodiment, information indicating the operating state of the vehicle 101 is accumulated in the connector 9 to which various signal lines are connected. Therefore, information (signals) to be accumulated can be efficiently collected.

  Also in the third embodiment, the connector 9 is used when the operation time (traveling time) of the vehicle 101 is longer than a predetermined time (for example, 100 hours), when the traveling distance is longer than a predetermined distance (for example, 100 km), or the like. The operation pattern of the vehicle 101 may be specified at a predetermined timing. Further, the connector 9 calculates various information used when specifying the operation pattern, for example, the frequency of brake operation, the continuous running time, the high-speed running time, and the charging current occurrence frequency at the predetermined timing described above. Also good.

  It should be thought that embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and restrictive at no points. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the meanings described above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

1 ECU-A (control device)
2 ECU-B (control device)
3 External device (program output device)
5 Operation management device (storage device)
9 Connector 10 CPU (Rewrite part, Specific part)
13 Communication I / F (identification information transmission unit, reception unit, reception unit)
33 Storage device (storage unit)
35 Communication I / F (receiver, program transmitter)
60 Control program 62 Operation history table (accumulation unit)
63 Control program

Claims (9)

A control device that controls an in-vehicle device in accordance with a control program and a program output device that outputs a rewrite program for rewriting the control program are communicably connected to each other, and the control device uses the rewrite program output by the program output device. In a program rewriting system for rewriting the control program of
A storage unit mounted on a vehicle and storing information indicating an operation state of the vehicle;
A specifying unit for specifying any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition relating to the operation state of the vehicle based on the information stored by the storage unit;
An identification information transmitting unit that transmits identification information of the operation pattern specified by the specifying unit to the program output device;
The program output device comprises:
A storage unit for storing the identification information of the operation pattern and the rewrite program in association with each other;
A receiving unit for receiving the identification information transmitted by the identification information transmitting unit;
A program rewriting system comprising: a program transmitting unit that reads a rewriting program corresponding to the identification information received by the receiving unit from the storage unit and transmits the program to the control device.   The program rewriting system according to claim 1, wherein the storage unit, the specifying unit, and the identification information transmitting unit are provided in the control device.   The program rewriting system according to claim 1, further comprising a storage device mounted on the vehicle and having the storage unit, the specifying unit, and the identification information transmission unit. A reception unit that receives access from the program output device;
The identification unit is configured to identify the operation pattern based on information accumulated by the accumulation unit during a period from a time point when the accepting unit accepts the access to a predetermined period before. Item 4. The program rewriting system according to any one of Items 1 to 3. In a control device that controls an in-vehicle device according to a control program,
An accumulator that accumulates information indicating the operating state of the vehicle;
A specifying unit for specifying any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition relating to the operation state of the vehicle based on the information stored by the storage unit;
An identification information transmitting unit for transmitting the identification information of the operation pattern specified by the specifying unit to the program output device;
A receiving unit for receiving a rewriting program corresponding to the identification information transmitted by the identification information transmitting unit;
And a rewriting unit that rewrites the control program with the rewriting program received by the receiving unit. In a program output device for outputting a rewrite program for rewriting a control program to an external device,
A storage unit for storing the identification information of a plurality of operation patterns and the rewriting program in association with each other;
A receiving unit for receiving the identification information of any of the operation patterns from the outside;
A program output device comprising: a program transmission unit that reads a rewrite program corresponding to the identification information received by the reception unit from the storage unit and transmits the program to the external device. Mounted on the vehicle,
An accumulator for accumulating information indicating the operating state of the vehicle;
A specifying unit for specifying any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition relating to the operation state of the vehicle based on the information stored by the storage unit;
An identification information transmission unit that transmits identification information of an operation pattern identified by the identification unit to the program output device. A storage device according to claim 7,
The connector is connectable to a signal line for transmitting a signal related to information stored in the storage unit. Rewrite output from the program output device using a control device that controls the in-vehicle device according to the control program, and a program output device that is connected to the control device so as to communicate and outputs a rewrite program that rewrites the control program. In a program rewriting method for rewriting a control program of the control device by a program,
Storing information indicating the operating state of the vehicle;
Identifying any one of a plurality of operation patterns defined according to a predetermined condition relating to the operation state of the vehicle based on the accumulated information;
Transmitting identification information of the identified operation pattern to the program output device;
The program output device receiving the transmitted identification information;
The program output device includes a step of transmitting a rewrite program corresponding to the received identification information to the control device.

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