JP2015033258A - Power supply system of electric-drive mobile vehicle - Google Patents

Power supply system of electric-drive mobile vehicle Download PDF

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JP2015033258A
JP2015033258A JP2013162446A JP2013162446A JP2015033258A JP 2015033258 A JP2015033258 A JP 2015033258A JP 2013162446 A JP2013162446 A JP 2013162446A JP 2013162446 A JP2013162446 A JP 2013162446A JP 2015033258 A JP2015033258 A JP 2015033258A
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battery
auxiliary battery
main battery
threshold value
remaining capacity
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JP6217908B2 (en
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櫛引　圭子
Keiko Kushibiki
圭子 櫛引
宮澤　篤史
Atsushi Miyazawa
篤史 宮澤
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power supply system of an electric-drive mobile vehicle which can cope with an unexpected situation requiring the extension of a travel distance and has high convenience for a user.SOLUTION: A system which supplies power to a drive motor M of an electric-drive mobile vehicle comprises a main battery 1 that is a secondary battery, an auxiliary battery 2 that is a primary battery which selectively supplies power to the drive motor M and the main battery 1, and vehicle control means CU that controls the drive motor M, the main battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 2. The vehicle control means CU works as a power supply system having a function which enables the start of the auxiliary battery 2 when the residual capacity of the main battery 1 is reduced to a first threshold level or less and starts the auxiliary battery 2 as an emergency power source when the residual capacity of the main battery 1 is proven to be insufficient to travel to a destination.

Description

本発明は、電気自動車等の電気駆動移動体において、その駆動モータに電力を供給するのに用いられる電気駆動移動体の電力供給システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a power supply system for an electric drive moving body used to supply electric power to a drive motor of an electric drive moving body such as an electric vehicle.

この種の電力供給システムとしては、電気自動車の制御装置の名称で特許文献１に記載されたものがあった。特許文献１に記載の制御装置は、駆動系回路を介してモータに電力を供給するメインバッテリと、互いに並列に配置した第１及び第２の補助バッテリと、駆動系回路と第１補助バッテリとの間で電力の昇降圧を行う昇降圧器と、バッテリ制御部を備えている。   As this type of power supply system, there is one described in Patent Document 1 under the name of a control device for an electric vehicle. A control device described in Patent Literature 1 includes a main battery that supplies power to a motor via a drive system circuit, first and second auxiliary batteries arranged in parallel to each other, a drive system circuit, and a first auxiliary battery. A voltage booster / buck booster and a battery controller.

上記制御装置は、車両システムの作動時に、第１補助バッテリの残容量が所定の閾値以上である場合、バッテリ制御部が、第１補助バッテリから出力可能な電力を昇降圧器により昇圧して駆動系回路へ供給すると共に、第１補助バッテリから駆動系回路へ供給された電力と車両の要求出力との差分に相当する電力をメインバッテリから駆動系回路へ供給するように制御する。これにより、上記制御装置は、メインバッテリの頻繁な充放電を抑制し、メインバッテリの劣化を防ぐと同時に、車両の使用頻度や走行距離が小さいユーザであっても手軽に充電することを可能にしている。   When the remaining capacity of the first auxiliary battery is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold during operation of the vehicle system, the control device boosts the electric power that can be output from the first auxiliary battery by a step-up / down converter. While supplying to a circuit, it controls to supply the electric power equivalent to the difference of the electric power supplied from the 1st auxiliary battery to the drive system circuit, and the request output of a vehicle from a main battery to a drive system circuit. As a result, the control device suppresses frequent charging / discharging of the main battery, prevents deterioration of the main battery, and at the same time enables easy charging even for a user whose vehicle usage frequency and travel distance are small. ing.

特開２０１２−７５２４１号公報JP 2012-75241 A

ところで、上記した従来の制御装置では、走行モードにおいて補助バッテリを優先的に使用し、補助バッテリの残容量が所定値以下になった場合に、メインバッテリにより補助バッテリを充電をするようにしている。   By the way, in the above-described conventional control device, the auxiliary battery is preferentially used in the traveling mode, and the auxiliary battery is charged by the main battery when the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery becomes a predetermined value or less. .

このため、上記の制御装置では、メインバッテリの残容量が少なくなった時点で、目的地や経由地を急遽変更する等の事情により走行距離を延長せざるを得ない場合や、充電設備が見つからない場合などの不測の事態が発生すると、補助バッテリの残容量が充分ではなくなる可能性があることから、このような問題点を解決することが課題であった。   For this reason, in the above control device, when the remaining capacity of the main battery decreases, the mileage must be extended due to circumstances such as suddenly changing the destination or waypoint, or a charging facility is found. If an unforeseen situation occurs, such as when there is no such battery, the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery may not be sufficient, and it has been a problem to solve such problems.

本発明は、上記従来の課題に着目して成されたものであって、目的地まで走行するのに主電池の残容量が不足すると判明した場合に、補助電池を緊急用電源として起動させることができ、走行距離の延長を要するような不測の事態に対処することが可能であり、ユーザにとって利便性の高い電気駆動移動体の電力供給システムを提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned conventional problems, and activates the auxiliary battery as an emergency power source when it is found that the remaining capacity of the main battery is insufficient to travel to the destination. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a power supply system for an electrically driven mobile body that can cope with unforeseen situations that require extension of travel distance and is highly convenient for the user.

本発明に係わる電気駆動移動体の電力供給システムは、電気自動車等の電気駆動移動体の駆動モータに電力供給を行うシステムであり、二次電池である主電池と、駆動モータ及び主電池に対して選択的に電力供給する一次電池である補助電池とを備えている。また、上記の電力供給システムは、駆動用モータ、主電池及び補助電池を統括的に制御する車両制御手段とを備えている。そして、上記の電力供給システムは、車両制御手段が、主電池の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池の起動を可能にする機能を有する構成としており、上記構成をもって従来の課題を解決するための手段としている。   An electric power supply system for an electric drive mobile body according to the present invention is a system for supplying electric power to a drive motor of an electric drive mobile body such as an electric vehicle. The main battery is a secondary battery, and the drive motor and the main battery And an auxiliary battery that is a primary battery that selectively supplies power. Further, the power supply system includes a vehicle control unit that comprehensively controls the drive motor, the main battery, and the auxiliary battery. In the power supply system, the vehicle control unit has a function of enabling the auxiliary battery to be activated when the remaining capacity of the main battery is equal to or lower than the first threshold. It is a means to solve the problem.

本発明に係わる電気駆動移動体の電力供給システムは、上記構成を採用したことにより、目的地まで走行するのに主電池の残容量が不足すると判明した場合に、補助電池を緊急用電源として起動させることができる。これにより、電力供給システムは、走行距離の延長を要するような不測の事態に対処することが可能であり、ユーザにとって非常に利便性の高いものとなる。   The power supply system for an electrically driven mobile body according to the present invention employs the above-described configuration, so that when the remaining capacity of the main battery is insufficient to travel to the destination, the auxiliary battery is activated as an emergency power source. Can be made. As a result, the power supply system can cope with an unexpected situation that requires extension of the travel distance, and is very convenient for the user.

本発明の電力供給システムの一実施形態を説明するブロック図である。It is a block diagram explaining one Embodiment of the electric power supply system of this invention. 車両制御手段による制御を説明するフローチャートである。It is a flowchart explaining the control by a vehicle control means. 図２に示すユーザ起動モードを説明するフローチャートである。It is a flowchart explaining the user starting mode shown in FIG. 図２及び図３に示す強制起動モードを説明するフローチャートである。It is a flowchart explaining the forced start mode shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3.

以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システムの一実施形態を説明する。
図１に示す電力供給システムは、電気自動車等の電気駆動移動体において、駆動モータＭに電力供給を行うものであって、二次電池である主電池１と、駆動モータＭ及び主電池１に対して選択的に電力供給する一次電池である補助電池２を備えている。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of a power supply system for an electrically driven moving body according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The electric power supply system shown in FIG. 1 supplies electric power to a drive motor M in an electrically driven mobile body such as an electric vehicle, and includes a main battery 1 that is a secondary battery, and a drive motor M and a main battery 1. An auxiliary battery 2 that is a primary battery that selectively supplies electric power is provided.

また、電力供給システムは、駆動用モータＭ、主電池１及び補助電池２を統括的に制御する車両制御手段ＣＵを備えている。この実施形態の電力供給システムは、主電池１の充放電を制御する主電池制御手段Ｃ１と、補助電池２の放電を制御する補助電池制御手段Ｃ２と、補助電池２の放電出力を昇圧させるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３を備えている。これにより、車両制御手段ＣＵは、主電池制御部Ｃ１及び補助電池制御部Ｃ２を介して、主電池１及び補助電池２を制御するものとなっている。   The power supply system also includes vehicle control means CU that controls the drive motor M, the main battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 2 in an integrated manner. The power supply system of this embodiment includes a main battery control unit C1 that controls charging / discharging of the main battery 1, an auxiliary battery control unit C2 that controls discharge of the auxiliary battery 2, and a DC that boosts the discharge output of the auxiliary battery 2. / DC converter 3 is provided. Thereby, the vehicle control means CU controls the main battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 2 via the main battery control part C1 and the auxiliary battery control part C2.

さらに、電力供給システムは、主電池１から駆動モータＭに供給する電力を変換するインバータ４と、駆動モータＭの停止時に電装品を駆動するための車載充電器５と、低圧用バッテリ６と、低圧用バッテリ６の出力を昇圧させるＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ７を備えている。車両制御手段ＣＵは、駆動用モータＭ、主電池制御手段Ｃ１及び補助電池制御手段Ｃ２に加えて、インバータ４、車載充電器５、及び各ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３，７も統括的に制御する。   Furthermore, the power supply system includes an inverter 4 that converts power supplied from the main battery 1 to the drive motor M, an in-vehicle charger 5 for driving electrical components when the drive motor M is stopped, a low-voltage battery 6, A DC / DC converter 7 for boosting the output of the low voltage battery 6 is provided. The vehicle control means CU comprehensively controls the inverter 4, the on-vehicle charger 5, and the DC / DC converters 3 and 7 in addition to the drive motor M, the main battery control means C 1 and the auxiliary battery control means C 2.

補助電池２は、より好ましい実施形態として一次電池タイプの金属空気電池である。金属空気電池は、カソード電極では空気中の酸素と電子から水酸化イオンが発生し、アノード電極である金属が水酸化イオンと反応して電子と酸化物金属を生成することで発電するものである。また、金属空気電池としては、不活性状態を維持し、起動する際に、カソード用酸素と冷却流体を兼ねた空気を供給して活性化（放電）させる方式や、液冷を兼ねた電池内に負極粒子と電解液、又は電解液を供給して活性化（放電）させる方式があり、いずれも使用することができる。したがって、電力供給システムにおける補助電池は、カソード用酸素や電解液の供給系を含む補助電池システムとしても良い。   The auxiliary battery 2 is a primary battery type metal-air battery as a more preferred embodiment. The metal-air battery generates electricity by generating hydroxide ions from oxygen and electrons in the air at the cathode electrode and reacting with the hydroxide ions to generate electrons and oxide metals. . In addition, as a metal-air battery, when it is inactivated and activated, it is activated (discharged) by supplying air that serves both as oxygen for the cathode and a cooling fluid, or in a battery that also serves as liquid cooling. There is a method of supplying and activating (discharging) negative electrode particles and an electrolytic solution or an electrolytic solution, and any of them can be used. Therefore, the auxiliary battery in the power supply system may be an auxiliary battery system including a cathode oxygen or electrolyte supply system.

また、この実施形態では、主電池制御手段Ｃ１、補助電池制御手段Ｃ２及び車両制御手段ＣＵを個別に図示したが、いずれの手段もコンピュータを用いることができるので、車両制御手段ＣＵに全ての機能を持たせることも可能である。また、図示の車両制御手段ＣＵは、主電池１や補助電池２を人為的に制御するためのスイッチ類から成る操作部１１と、各電池１，２の残容量や走行可能な距離等を表示するための表示部１２を備えている。   In this embodiment, the main battery control unit C1, the auxiliary battery control unit C2, and the vehicle control unit CU are individually illustrated. However, since all the units can use a computer, all functions of the vehicle control unit CU are provided. It is also possible to have In addition, the vehicle control means CU shown in the figure displays the operation unit 11 including switches for artificially controlling the main battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 2, the remaining capacity of each of the batteries 1 and 2, a travelable distance, and the like. A display unit 12 is provided.

操作部１１及び表示部１２は、電気駆動移動体が電気自動車である場合には、運転者（ユーザ）が操作や確認をし易いように計器パネルあるいはその周辺に配置され、また、カーナビゲーションシステムに組み込むことも可能である。   When the electrically driven mobile body is an electric vehicle, the operation unit 11 and the display unit 12 are arranged on the instrument panel or the periphery thereof so that the driver (user) can easily operate and check the vehicle. It is also possible to incorporate it into

そして、上記の電力供給システムは、実際の走行（移動）時においては、主電池１の残容量が少なくなった時点で、目的地や経由地を急遽変更する等の事情により走行距離を延長せざるを得ない場合や、充電設備が見つからない場合などの不測の事態が発生することがあり得るので、このような事態に対処するために以下の機能を備えている。   The above power supply system can extend the travel distance during actual travel (movement) due to circumstances such as suddenly changing the destination or waypoint when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 decreases. Unexpected situations such as unavoidable cases or when charging facilities cannot be found may occur, and the following functions are provided to deal with such situations.

すなわち、電極供給システムにおける車両制御手段ＣＵは、主電池１の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２の起動を可能にする機能と、操作部１１により補助電池２を人為的に起動させる機能と、補助電池２の起動により走行可能となる距離を表示部１２に表示する機能を有している。   That is, the vehicle control means CU in the electrode supply system has a function that enables the auxiliary battery 2 to be activated when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is less than or equal to the first threshold value, and the operation unit 11 And a function for displaying on the display unit 12 a distance that can be traveled by the activation of the auxiliary battery 2.

また、車両制御手段ＣＵは、残容量の第１閾値よりも小さい第２閾値と、第２閾値以下で且つ補助電池２を強制起動させるための判断基準である第３閾値とを記憶していると共に、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２を強制起動するまでに主電池１により走行可能な距離を表示部１２に表示する機能を有している。   Further, the vehicle control unit CU stores a second threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value of the remaining capacity, and a third threshold value that is equal to or less than the second threshold value and is a determination criterion for forcibly starting the auxiliary battery 2. At the same time, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes equal to or less than the second threshold value, the display unit 12 has a function of displaying the distance that can be traveled by the main battery 1 until the auxiliary battery 2 is forcibly activated.

さらに、車両制御手段ＣＵは、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２を強制的に起動させると共に、駆動モータＭを含む駆動系の要求出力を制限する機能と、補助電池２の起動後に主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、駆動系の要求出力を制限する機能を有している。なお、この実施形態の車両制御手段ＣＵは、主電池１の残容量に関して、第３閾値よりも小さい第４閾値を記憶している。   Further, the vehicle control means CU functions to forcibly start the auxiliary battery 2 and limit the required output of the drive system including the drive motor M when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes the third threshold value or less. In addition, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes the third threshold value or less after the auxiliary battery 2 is activated, it has a function of limiting the required output of the drive system. The vehicle control unit CU of this embodiment stores a fourth threshold value that is smaller than the third threshold value with respect to the remaining capacity of the main battery 1.

第１閾値は、補助電池２の起動が可能になる主電池１の残容量であって、駆動系や空調系に主電池１からの電力供給がない状態で、補助電池２の放電容量を主電池１に充電しても過充電にならない残容量である。   The first threshold value is the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 at which the auxiliary battery 2 can be activated, and the discharge capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is the main capacity when there is no power supply from the main battery 1 in the drive system or the air conditioning system. This is the remaining capacity that does not cause overcharging even when the battery 1 is charged.

第２閾値は、少なくとも補助電池２が起動していない場合に、補助電池２強制起動するまでに走行可能な距離を表示するための主電池１の残容量である。この第２閾値を基準にして主電池１の過放電を防止するため、主電池１から駆動系や空調系などへの電力出力の供給を制限することもできる。この場合、節電を図るために、空調系を制限又はＯＦＦにしたり、最高速度や加速性能の少なくとも一方を制限したりする。   The second threshold value is a remaining capacity of the main battery 1 for displaying a distance that can be traveled before the auxiliary battery 2 is forcibly activated at least when the auxiliary battery 2 is not activated. In order to prevent overdischarge of the main battery 1 based on the second threshold value, it is also possible to limit the supply of power output from the main battery 1 to the drive system, the air conditioning system, and the like. In this case, in order to save power, the air conditioning system is restricted or turned off, or at least one of the maximum speed and acceleration performance is restricted.

第３閾値は、補助電池２が起動していない場合に、補助電池２を強制起動させると共に、補助電池２の冷却性能検出値に基づいて、駆動系のトルクや回転数を制御する主電池１の残容量である。また、主電池１からの放電が殆どない状態を示す。   The third threshold value is the main battery 1 that forcibly activates the auxiliary battery 2 when the auxiliary battery 2 is not activated, and controls the torque and rotation speed of the drive system based on the cooling performance detection value of the auxiliary battery 2. Is the remaining capacity. Moreover, the state from which there is almost no discharge from the main battery 1 is shown.

第４閾値は、補助電池２の残容量であり、起動後の経過時間あるいは放電電流の積算値に基づいて算出することができ、また、冷却性能の検出値や補助電池２の温度から補正を行うこともできる。   The fourth threshold value is the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 and can be calculated based on the elapsed time after startup or the integrated value of the discharge current, and is corrected from the detected value of the cooling performance and the temperature of the auxiliary battery 2. It can also be done.

次に、上記の電力供給システムの動作を図２に基づいて説明する。図２は、車両制御手段ＣＵによる制御を説明するフローチャートである。なお、車両制御手段ＣＵは、主電池１及び補助電池２の残容量等のデータを夫々の制御手段Ｃ１，Ｃ２から取得すると共に、起動や放電量調整などの指令信号を夫々の制御手段Ｃ１，Ｃ２に出力する。これにより、主電池１及び補助電池２は、夫々の制御手段Ｃ１，Ｃ２により制御される。   Next, operation | movement of said electric power supply system is demonstrated based on FIG. FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining control by the vehicle control means CU. The vehicle control means CU obtains data such as the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 2 from the respective control means C1 and C2, and also sends command signals such as start-up and discharge amount adjustment to the respective control means C1 and C2. Output to C2. Thereby, the main battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 2 are controlled by the respective control means C1 and C2.

すなわち、車両制御手段ＣＵは、ステップＳ１において主電池１の残容量を検出し、ステップＳ２において残容量が第１閾値以下であるか否かを判定する。ステップＳ２において、残容量が第１閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ１に戻り、残容量が第１閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）にはステップＳ３に移行して、補助電池２の起動が可能になったことや、補助電池２を起動した場合の延長可能な走行距離（補助電池２の起動により走行可能となる距離）を表示部１２に表示する。   That is, the vehicle control means CU detects the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 in step S1, and determines whether or not the remaining capacity is equal to or less than the first threshold value in step S2. In step S2, if the remaining capacity is not less than or equal to the first threshold value (No), the process returns to step S1, and if the remaining capacity is less than or equal to the first threshold value (Yes), the process proceeds to step S3, and the auxiliary battery 2 Is displayed on the display unit 12, and the travel distance that can be extended when the auxiliary battery 2 is activated (the distance that can be traveled by the activation of the auxiliary battery 2) is displayed.

ステップＳ３において、補助電池２が起動可能である表示は、例えば、適当なマークの提示やランプの点灯、音声などを組み合わせることができる。このとき、車両制御手段ＣＵは、操作部１１により補助電池２を人為的に起動させることを可能にする。このとき、補助電池２を起動させるか否かは、運転者（ユーザ）が判断することができる。   In step S3, the indication that the auxiliary battery 2 can be activated can be combined with, for example, presentation of an appropriate mark, lighting of a lamp, sound, and the like. At this time, the vehicle control means CU enables the auxiliary battery 2 to be artificially activated by the operation unit 11. At this time, the driver (user) can determine whether or not the auxiliary battery 2 is activated.

また、ステップＳ３における延長可能な走行距離は、例えば、直前の一定時間の走行状態から走行に要する平均出力を算出し、これに基づいて表示しても良いし、ナビゲーションシステムの渋滞情報などを加味して表示しても良い。さらに、延長可能な走行距離は、加速や最高速度を制限した推奨モードで走行する場合の最長の走行距離として表示することもできる   Further, the extendable travel distance in step S3 may be displayed based on the average output required for travel from the travel state for a certain period of time immediately before, for example, or by taking into account traffic information of the navigation system. May be displayed. In addition, the extendable mileage can be displayed as the longest mileage when driving in the recommended mode with limited acceleration and maximum speed.

次に、車両制御手段ＣＵは、ステップＳ４において補助電池２の起動指示があるか否か、すなわち操作部１２により起動されたか否かを判定する。ステップＳ４において、補助電池２の起動指示がある場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ５に移行して補助電池２が起動開始することを表示部１２に表示し、ステップＳ６に移行して補助電池２を起動する。その後は、後記するユーザ起動モードになる。   Next, the vehicle control means CU determines whether or not there is an activation instruction for the auxiliary battery 2 in step S4, that is, whether or not it has been activated by the operation unit 12. In step S4, when there is a start instruction for the auxiliary battery 2 (Yes), the display unit 12 displays that the auxiliary battery 2 starts to start in step S5, and the auxiliary battery 2 moves to step S6. Start up. Thereafter, the user activation mode described later is set.

上記ステップＳ６において、駆動モータＭの力行時に補助電池２を起動した場合には、駆動系の要求出力に対して、補助電池２からの放電出力を主電池１からの放電出力にアシストするように供給する。また、減速回生時や停車時には、主電池１で充電を行うことにより、主電池１の残容量の減りを抑制する。   In step S6, when the auxiliary battery 2 is activated during powering of the drive motor M, the discharge output from the auxiliary battery 2 is assisted to the discharge output from the main battery 1 with respect to the required output of the drive system. Supply. Further, when the vehicle is decelerated and stopped, the main battery 1 is charged to suppress a decrease in the remaining capacity of the main battery 1.

また、ステップＳ４において、補助電池２の起動指示がない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ７において主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下であるか否かを判定する。ステップＳ７において、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ１に戻り、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ８に移行して、空調や走行性能の制限を開始する旨の表示や、補助電池２の強制起動を開始するまでに延長可能な走行距離（補助電池２を強制起動するまでに主電池１により走行可能な距離）の表示を行う。   In step S4, when there is no instruction for starting the auxiliary battery 2 (No), it is determined in step S7 whether or not the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or less than the second threshold value. In step S7, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is not less than or equal to the second threshold (No), the process returns to step S1, and when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is less than or equal to the second threshold (Yes), step The process proceeds to S8, and an indication that air conditioning and driving performance are limited or a travel distance that can be extended before the auxiliary battery 2 is forcibly activated (by the main battery 1 until the auxiliary battery 2 is forcibly activated). The distance that can be traveled is displayed.

その後、ステップＳ９において空調、加速特性、最高車速を制限し、ステップＳ１０において主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下であるか否かを判定する。ステップＳ１０において、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ１に戻り、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ１１に移行して、補助電池２が起動開始することを表示部１２に表示し、ステップＳ１２に移行して補助電池２を起動する。その後は、後記する強制起動モードになる。   Thereafter, in step S9, air conditioning, acceleration characteristics, and maximum vehicle speed are limited, and in step S10, it is determined whether or not the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or less than a third threshold value. In step S10, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is not less than or equal to the third threshold (No), the process returns to step S1, and when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is less than or equal to the third threshold (Yes), step The process shifts to S11 to display on the display unit 12 that the auxiliary battery 2 starts to start, and shifts to step S12 to start the auxiliary battery 2. Thereafter, the forced start mode described later is set.

上記のステップＳ４〜Ｓ１２では、補助電池２が起動していない状態で、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下になった場合に、少なくとも補助電池２を強制起動するまでに走行できる距離を表示部１２に表示する。さらに、例えば空調を制限したり、加速性能や最高速度性能を制限することができる。そして、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２が起動していなければ、これを強制的に起動させる。なお、第３閾値は、主電池１の過放電を防止するため、実質的な放電がまもなく終了する残容量とすることもできる。また、第２閾値と第３閾値は同じ値にすることもできる。   In the above steps S4 to S12, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is less than or equal to the second threshold value in a state where the auxiliary battery 2 is not activated, at least a distance that can be traveled until the auxiliary battery 2 is forcibly activated. It is displayed on the display unit 12. Furthermore, for example, air conditioning can be restricted, and acceleration performance and maximum speed performance can be restricted. And when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes below the third threshold value, if the auxiliary battery 2 is not activated, it is forcibly activated. Note that the third threshold value may be a remaining capacity at which substantial discharge will soon be terminated in order to prevent overdischarge of the main battery 1. Also, the second threshold value and the third threshold value can be the same value.

ユーザ起動モードは、図３に示すように、ステップＳ２１において補助電池２の残容量を検出し、ステップＳ２２において補助電池２の残容量が第４閾値以下であるか否かを判定する。ステップＳ２２において、補助電池２の残容量が第４閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ２３に移行して補助電池２を停止させた後、ステップＳ２４に移行して主電池１の残容量を検出する。また、ステップＳ２２において、補助電池２の残容量が第４閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、補助電池２を停止させることなくステップＳ２４に移行する。   In the user activation mode, as shown in FIG. 3, the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is detected in step S21, and it is determined whether or not the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is equal to or less than a fourth threshold value in step S22. In step S22, when the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is equal to or smaller than the fourth threshold (Yes), the process proceeds to step S23, the auxiliary battery 2 is stopped, and then the process proceeds to step S24, where the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 remains. Detect capacity. In step S22, when the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is not less than or equal to the fourth threshold value (No), the process proceeds to step S24 without stopping the auxiliary battery 2.

その後、ステップＳ２５において、表示部１２に走行可能な距離を表示し、ステップＳ２６において主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下であるか否かを判定する。つまり、先の補助電池２の起動により主電池１に充電が成されているので、主電池１の残容量と第２閾値とを再度比較している。そして、ステップＳ２６において、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ２７において空調や走行性能を制限する表示があるか否かを判定する。   Thereafter, in step S25, the travelable distance is displayed on the display unit 12, and in step S26, it is determined whether or not the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or less than the second threshold value. That is, since the main battery 1 is charged by starting the auxiliary battery 2, the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 and the second threshold value are compared again. In step S26, if the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is not less than or equal to the second threshold value (No), it is determined in step S27 whether or not there is a display for restricting air conditioning or running performance.

ステップＳ２７に移行した時点では、主電池１の残容量に余裕があるとみなすことができるので、空調や走行性能を制限する表示がない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ２１に戻り、空調や走行性能を制限する表示がある場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ２８において空調や走行性能を制限する表示を解除して、ステップＳ２１に戻る。   Since the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 can be regarded as having a margin at the time of shifting to step S27, if there is no display for limiting the air conditioning or traveling performance (No), the process returns to step S21 to return to the air conditioning or traveling When there is a display for limiting the performance (Yes), the display for limiting the air conditioning and the traveling performance is canceled in step S28, and the process returns to step S21.

また、先のステップＳ２６において、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ２９において空調や走行性能の制限を開始する表示をし、次いで、ステップＳ３０において空調、加速特性、最高車速を制限し、ステップＳ３１において主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下であるか否かを判定する。ステップＳ３１において、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ２１に戻り、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、強制起動モードになる。   If the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or less than the second threshold value in step S26 (Yes), a display for starting air conditioning and travel performance restriction is displayed in step S29, and then air conditioning is performed in step S30. Then, the acceleration characteristic and the maximum vehicle speed are limited, and in step S31, it is determined whether or not the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or less than a third threshold value. In step S31, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is not less than or equal to the third threshold (No), the process returns to step S21, and when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is less than or equal to the third threshold (Yes), forced Enters startup mode.

強制起動モードは、図４に示すように、ステップＳ４１において補助電池２の冷却性能を検出し、ステップＳ４２において駆動モータＭを含む駆動系のトルクや回転数を制御し、ステップＳ４３において強制起動モード状態であることを表示部１２に表示すると共に、走行可能な距離を同じく表示部１２に表示する。   As shown in FIG. 4, in the forced start mode, the cooling performance of the auxiliary battery 2 is detected in step S41, the torque and the rotational speed of the drive system including the drive motor M are controlled in step S42, and the forced start mode is set in step S43. The display unit 12 displays that the vehicle is in a state, and also displays the travelable distance on the display unit 12.

すなわち、運転者（ユーザ）の指示に基づいているか否かに係わらず、補助電池２の起動後に主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合は、補助電池２の出力のみで加速や走行を行う必要があると判断し、補助電池２の最大出力で走行できるように駆動系のトルクや回転数を制限する。また、この際には、空調を完全に停止することもできる。   That is, when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes the third threshold value or less after the auxiliary battery 2 is activated regardless of whether it is based on an instruction from the driver (user), acceleration is performed only by the output of the auxiliary battery 2. It is determined that it is necessary to travel, and the torque and the rotational speed of the drive system are limited so that the vehicle can travel at the maximum output of the auxiliary battery 2. In this case, the air conditioning can be completely stopped.

さらに、補助電池２の冷却性能を示す検出値は、空冷システムの冷却空気取り入れ口の温度、電池の温度、及び温度変化率の少なくとも一つを用いることができる。この冷却性能を示す検出値に基づいて、補助電池２の残容量を算出し、残りの走行可能な距離を表示部１２に表示する。   Further, the detection value indicating the cooling performance of the auxiliary battery 2 may be at least one of the temperature of the cooling air intake of the air cooling system, the temperature of the battery, and the temperature change rate. Based on the detected value indicating the cooling performance, the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is calculated, and the remaining travelable distance is displayed on the display unit 12.

そして、ステップＳ４４において補助電池２の残容量が第４閾値以下であるか否かを判定し、補助電池２の残容量が第４閾値以下ではない場合（Ｎｏ）には、ステップＳ４１に戻り、補助電池２の残容量が第４閾値以下である場合（Ｙｅｓ）には、ステップＳ４５に移行して補助電池２を停止させる。   In step S44, it is determined whether or not the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is equal to or smaller than the fourth threshold value. If the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is not equal to or smaller than the fourth threshold value (No), the process returns to step S41. When the remaining capacity of the auxiliary battery 2 is equal to or smaller than the fourth threshold (Yes), the process proceeds to step S45 and the auxiliary battery 2 is stopped.

上記の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システムは、二次電池である主電池１と、一次電池である補助電池２と、主電池制御手段Ｃ１と、補助電池制御手段Ｃ２と、ＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ３と、車両制御手段ＣＵとを備え、車両制御手段ＣＵが、主電池１の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２の起動を可能にする機能を有している。   The electric power supply system for the electric drive mobile body includes a main battery 1 as a secondary battery, an auxiliary battery 2 as a primary battery, a main battery control means C1, an auxiliary battery control means C2, and a DC / DC converter 3. And the vehicle control means CU, and the vehicle control means CU has a function that enables the auxiliary battery 2 to be activated when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes equal to or less than the first threshold value.

これにより、電力供給システムは、補助電池２を緊急用電源として起動させることができるので、走行距離の延長を要するような不測の事態に対処することが可能であり、ユーザにとって非常に利便性の高いものとなる。   Thereby, since the power supply system can start the auxiliary battery 2 as an emergency power source, it is possible to cope with an unexpected situation that requires an extension of the travel distance, which is very convenient for the user. It will be expensive.

また、電力供給システムは、補助電池２が一次電池であるため、起動時の電池容量が変動せず、どれくらいの走行距離の延長が可能なのかユーザが予測しやすい。さらに、電力供給システムは、主電池１の残容量の不足を判断した後に補助電池２が起動可能になるので、電費の損失を抑制して通常走行することができ、不測の事態が発生した場合には、確実に走行距離を延長することができる。さらに、電力供給システムは、主電池１の残容量に基づいて補助電池２を起動させるので、減速停止が多いような走行モードにおいても主電池１の過充電を防止することができる   In the power supply system, since the auxiliary battery 2 is a primary battery, the battery capacity at the time of activation does not fluctuate, and the user can easily predict how much the travel distance can be extended. Further, the power supply system can start the auxiliary battery 2 after judging that the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is insufficient, so that it can travel normally while suppressing the loss of power consumption, and an unexpected situation occurs. Therefore, it is possible to reliably extend the travel distance. Furthermore, since the power supply system activates the auxiliary battery 2 based on the remaining capacity of the main battery 1, it is possible to prevent the main battery 1 from being overcharged even in a travel mode where there are many deceleration stops.

さらに、電力供給システムは、補助電池２として一次電池タイプの金属空気電池を用いることで、容量密度が大きくてコンパクトな車載性に優れた補助電池システムとすることができ、しかも、昇圧のみのコンバータ３を用いれば良いので、補助電池システムの小型軽量化や低コスト化を実現することができる。   Furthermore, the power supply system uses a primary battery type metal-air battery as the auxiliary battery 2, thereby making it possible to provide a compact auxiliary battery system with a large capacity density and excellent in-vehicle performance, and a boost-only converter. Therefore, the auxiliary battery system can be reduced in size and weight and cost can be reduced.

さらに、電力供給システムは、車両制御手段ＣＵが、主電池１の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、操作部１１により補助電池２を人為的に起動させることができるので、加速性能や最高速度性能などの走行性能を制限せずに、走行しながら走行距離を延長することができる。また、補助電池２に用いる一次電池タイプの金属空気電池は、使用後に電池パック若しくは電池内の負極燃料や電解液の交換が必要となるため、補助電池２を使用するか、急速充電スタンドを探すかなどユーザが選択することができる   Furthermore, since the vehicle control means CU can artificially start the auxiliary battery 2 by the operation unit 11 when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or lower than the first threshold, the power supply system can be accelerated. The travel distance can be extended while traveling without limiting the travel performance such as the maximum speed performance. Moreover, since the primary battery type metal-air battery used for the auxiliary battery 2 requires replacement of the negative electrode fuel or electrolyte in the battery pack or battery after use, use the auxiliary battery 2 or search for a quick charging stand. Can be selected by the user

さらに、電力供給システムは、車両制御手段ＣＵが、主電池１の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２の起動により走行可能となる距離を表示する表示部１２を有するので、ユーザにとって補助電池２を起動させるか否かの判断が容易になる。   Furthermore, the power supply system has the display unit 12 that displays the distance that the vehicle control unit CU can travel by starting the auxiliary battery 2 when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 is equal to or less than the first threshold value. The user can easily determine whether or not to activate the auxiliary battery 2.

さらに、電力供給システムは、車両制御手段ＣＵが、主電池１の残容量が第２閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２を強制起動するまでに主電池１により走行可能な距離を表示部１２に表示する機能を有しているので、空調や走行速度が制限されるものの、確実に走行距離を延長することが可能になると共に、主電池１の過放電を防止することができる。   Further, the power supply system displays a distance that the vehicle control means CU can travel by the main battery 1 before the auxiliary battery 2 is forcibly activated when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes the second threshold value or less. 12 has the function of displaying on the screen 12, the air conditioning and the traveling speed are limited, but the traveling distance can be surely extended and the overdischarge of the main battery 1 can be prevented.

さらに、電力供給システムは、車両制御手段ＣＵが、主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池２を強制的に起動させると共に、駆動系の要求出力を制限する機能を有するので、主電池１の過放電を防止すると共に、補助電池２のみで確実に走行できる状態にし、電力が欠乏して始動が困難になるような事態を未然に阻止することができる。   Further, the power supply system has a function in which the vehicle control means CU forcibly activates the auxiliary battery 2 and restricts the required output of the drive system when the remaining capacity of the main battery 1 becomes the third threshold value or less. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the main battery 1 from being over-discharged and to make it possible to reliably run only with the auxiliary battery 2 and to prevent a situation where power is insufficient and start-up becomes difficult.

さらに、電力供給システムは、車両制御手段ＣＵが、補助電池２の起動後に主電池１の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、駆動系の要求出力を制限する機能を有しているので、補助電池２のみで確実に走行できる状態にし、例えば、緊急時において、低速走行をしつつ路肩などの安全な場所までの移動が可能になる。   Furthermore, the power supply system has a function of limiting the required output of the drive system when the vehicle control means CU has a remaining capacity of the main battery 1 equal to or lower than the third threshold after the auxiliary battery 2 is started. Therefore, the vehicle can be reliably driven only by the auxiliary battery 2, and for example, in an emergency, it can be moved to a safe place such as a road shoulder while traveling at a low speed.

本発明に係わる電力供給システムは、上記の実施形態のみに限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成を適宜変更することが可能である。また、電気駆動移動体としては、電気自動車用の電源だけでなく、その他の車両や船舶などの移動体にも適用可能であるが、その利便性から電気自動車用として一層好適である。   The power supply system according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the configuration can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention. Further, the electric drive moving body can be applied not only to a power source for an electric vehicle but also to other moving bodies such as a vehicle and a ship, but is more suitable for an electric vehicle because of its convenience.

Ｍ 駆動モータ
Ｃ１ 主電池制御手段
Ｃ２ 補助電池制御手段
ＣＵ 車両制御手段
１ 主電池
２ 補助電池
３ コンバータ
１１ 操作部
１２ 表示部 M drive motor C1 main battery control means C2 auxiliary battery control means CU vehicle control means 1 main battery 2 auxiliary battery 3 converter 11 operation part 12 display part

Claims (7)

電気駆動移動体の駆動モータに電力供給を行うシステムであって、
二次電池である主電池と、
駆動モータ及び主電池に対して選択的に電力供給する一次電池である補助電池と、
駆動用モータ、主電池及び補助電池を統括的に制御する車両制御手段とを備え、
車両制御手段は、主電池の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池の起動を可能にする機能を有することを特徴とする電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。 A system for supplying power to a drive motor of an electrically driven mobile body,
A main battery which is a secondary battery;
An auxiliary battery that is a primary battery that selectively supplies power to the drive motor and the main battery;
Vehicle control means for comprehensively controlling the drive motor, main battery and auxiliary battery,
The vehicle control means has a function of enabling the auxiliary battery to be activated when the remaining capacity of the main battery becomes equal to or less than the first threshold value. 補助電池は、空気電池であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。   The power supply system for an electrically driven moving body according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary battery is an air battery. 車両制御手段は、主電池の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池を人為的に起動させるための操作部を有することを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。   3. The electric drive according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle control means includes an operation unit for artificially starting the auxiliary battery when the remaining capacity of the main battery becomes equal to or less than the first threshold value. Mobile power supply system. 車両制御手段は、主電池の残容量が第１閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池の起動により走行可能となる距離を表示する表示部を有することを特徴とする請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。   The vehicle control means has a display unit for displaying a distance that can be traveled by starting the auxiliary battery when the remaining capacity of the main battery is equal to or less than the first threshold value. The electric power supply system of the electric drive moving body of Claim 1. 車両制御手段は、残容量の第１閾値よりも小さい第２閾値と、第２閾値以下で且つ補助電池を強制起動させるための判断基準である第３閾値とを記憶していると共に、
主電池の残容量が第２閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池を強制起動するまでに主電池により走行可能な距離を表示部に表示する機能を有することを特徴とする請求項４に記載の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。 The vehicle control means stores a second threshold value that is smaller than the first threshold value of the remaining capacity, and a third threshold value that is equal to or less than the second threshold value and is a determination criterion for forcibly starting the auxiliary battery,
5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein when the remaining capacity of the main battery becomes equal to or less than the second threshold value, the display unit displays a distance that can be traveled by the main battery until the auxiliary battery is forcibly started. Electric drive mobile power supply system. 車両制御手段は、主電池の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、補助電池を強制的に起動させると共に、駆動系の要求出力を制限する機能を有することを特徴とする請求項５に記載の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。   The vehicle control means has a function of forcibly starting the auxiliary battery and limiting a required output of the drive system when the remaining capacity of the main battery becomes the third threshold value or less. The electric power supply system of the electric drive moving body described in 1. 車両制御手段は、補助電池の起動後に主電池の残容量が第３閾値以下になった場合に、駆動系の要求出力を制限する機能を有していることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の電気駆動移動体の電力供給システム。   The vehicle control means has a function of limiting a required output of the driving system when the remaining capacity of the main battery becomes equal to or less than a third threshold value after the auxiliary battery is activated. Electric drive mobile power supply system.
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