JP2015029930A - Floating body type water purifying device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a floating body type water purifying device that draws in water without using a pump and also can purify the water.SOLUTION: A floating body type water purifying device comprises a floating body 102, and a porous ceramic fired body 103 having a communication hole, disposed so as to penetrate between a top face 102a and bottom face 102b of the floating body.

Description

  The present invention relates to a floating-type water purification apparatus that purifies water while floating in water.

  Conventionally, water purification devices that purify water using microorganisms have been widely used. This apparatus includes, for example, a porous member that allows water to pass therethrough as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and a pump that forcibly passes water through the porous member. There is. Such a porous member tends to inhabit microorganisms, and the water is purified by the microorganisms when the water passes through the porous member.

JP-A-8-155477 Utility Model Registration No. 3047163

  However, the supply of water using a pump involves the consumption of electric power, so that the generation of costs becomes a problem. For example, when the water purification device is used for supplying water for growing plants, it is necessary to continuously supply electric power, which causes a large cost. In addition, for example, when the water purification device is used in a wide area such as a river, a lake, a swamp, and a pond, it is necessary to install pumps at a plurality of locations, and in this case, a large cost is generated.

  The present invention has been proposed in view of such conventional circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a floating-type water purification apparatus capable of drawing water without using a pump and purifying the water. .

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration.
[1] A floating body water purification apparatus comprising: a floating body; and a porous ceramic fired body having a communication hole disposed so as to penetrate between the top surface and the bottom surface of the floating body.
[2] Among the holes constituting the communication hole, a hole having a long diameter of millimeter order has a horizontally long shape, and the porous ceramic fired body has the horizontally long shape. The floating body according to [1], characterized in that, in the millimeter-order holes, the horizontally long major axis is arranged to increase in a direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body. Water purification device.
[3] The floating body water purification apparatus according to [1] or [2], wherein soil is disposed on an upper surface of the floating body, and the soil is in contact with the porous ceramic fired body.
[4] The floating body water purification apparatus according to [3], wherein the soil includes a fragment made of the same fired body as the porous ceramic fired body.
[5] The floating-type water purification apparatus according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein a plant grows on the upper surface side of the floating body.

  In the floating body water purification apparatus of the present invention, one end of the porous ceramic fired body is disposed at a position in contact with the water to be purified and is installed so as to penetrate to the upper surface of the floating body. Thereby, it can pull up to the upper surface of a floating body using the rise of water by a capillary phenomenon in the communicating hole in a porous ceramic sintered body. Therefore, when a plant grows on the upper surface of the floating body, water can be supplied to the plant. In this case, since power such as a conventionally used pump is not required, it is possible to suppress the generation of costs due to the consumption of electric power when the pump is used and the cost associated with the installation of the pump.

  And the floating body water purification apparatus of the present invention is a floating body that has a water purification effect by removing phosphorus and nitrogen, which are eutrophic sources, by connecting a porous ceramic fired body and fibrous biofringe to the bottom surface. Plants grow on floating water purification devices instead of water purification devices, and there are plants, so even if the floating water purification device of the present invention is used for rivers, lakes, swamps, and ponds to be water purified, Integrate and do not spoil the beauty. Even if it is installed in a pond or reservoir in a non-natural environment, the plant can provide beauty and comfort. In addition, insects and birds inhabit these plants, so that natural ecosystems can be reproduced.

(A) It is a perspective view of the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. (B) It is a top view by the side of the bottom face of the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the cross-sectional photograph cut | disconnected from the upper surface to the bottom face of the porous ceramic sintered body which comprises this invention. (A) It is a photograph of the upper surface side of the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (B) It is the photograph of the bottom face side of the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view of the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the porous ceramic sintered body which comprises the floating body type water purification apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a floating-type water purification apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
The structure of the floating body water purification apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the floating body water purification apparatus 100. FIG.1 (b) is a top view of the back side of the floating body type water purification apparatus 100 shown to Fig.1 (a).

The floating body water purification apparatus 100 includes at least a floating body 102 such as a polystyrene foam, and a porous ceramic fired body 103 having a communication hole disposed so as to penetrate between the upper surface 102a and the bottom surface 102b of the floating body. Yes.
The communication hole here means a hole communicating with the upper surface 102a and the bottom surface 102b of the floating body. By having such a communication hole, water that contacts the bottom surface can reach the top surface.

  The upper surface 102a of the floating body is a surface exposed to the water when the floating body water purification apparatus 100 is floated on water, and the bottom surface 102b of the floating body is a surface located on the opposite side.

In the floating body water purification apparatus shown in FIG. 1, a wall 102 c is provided around a region through which the porous ceramic fired body 103 penetrates on the upper surface 102 a of the floating body. In each region surrounded by the wall portion 102c, the porous ceramic fired bodies 103 or the porous ceramic fired body 103 and the wall portion 102c are connected by a carbon fiber (CFRP) rod 104 in which carbon fibers are integrated with a resin. Has been.
The periphery of the floating body 102 is surrounded by another floating body 101. In the example shown in FIG. 1, it is surrounded by four floating bodies 101a, 101b, 101c, and 101d. The floating body 101 and the floating body 102 are bonded via an adhesive 105. As a result, the contact area with water is increased, and the floating effect of the floating body water purification device 100 is enhanced by dispersing the pressure applied to the water by the floating body, and when vibration due to an external force load such as wind and rain is applied. Increased stability.
In addition, although the example provided with two floating bodies 102 is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the number provided is not limited.
The material of the floating bodies 101 and 102 may be any material that floats on water. For example, foamed polystyrene, a plastic container containing air, foamed resin using urethane, or the like is used.

The porous ceramic fired body 103 has a structure having a communication hole that communicates between the upper surface 102a and the bottom surface 102b when the porous ceramic fired body 103 is disposed so as to penetrate between the upper surface 102a and the bottom surface 102b of the floating body. There is no particular limitation.
Such a porous ceramic fired body 103 can be obtained, for example, by adding an alkali solution to metal aluminum to generate hydrogen in a method described later or in a water-containing composition, and sintering this.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional photograph of the porous ceramic fired body 103 cut from the upper surface 103a toward the bottom surface 103b. The porous ceramic fired body 103 has holes formed therein as shown in FIG.
The porous ceramic fired body 103 has at least a millimeter-order hole. The porous ceramic fired body 103 may have micrometer-order holes or nanometer-order holes in addition to millimeter-order holes. At least a part of the hole communicates from the upper surface 102a to the bottom surface 102b of the floating body.
The millimeter-order hole preferably has a horizontally long shape. The term “laterally long shape” refers to a shape which is clearly long with respect to a diameter where the longest diameter is perpendicular to the diameter among various diameters. For example, the longest diameter is 1 with respect to the diameter perpendicular to the longest diameter. A shape having 5 times or more. When the millimeter-order hole has a horizontally long shape, the porous ceramic fired body has a hole whose horizontally long long axis is in the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body. It is preferable to arrange so as to increase. “Longitudinal long axis is oriented in the direction from the top surface of the floating body to the bottom surface” means that the long horizontal axis is directed in a direction not orthogonal to the direction from the top surface of the floating body to the bottom surface. It is preferable that the horizontal long axis is within a range of ± 45 ° with respect to the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body. Of the holes having the horizontally long shape, those having a horizontally long long axis within a range of ± 45 ° with respect to the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body are preferably ½ or more. Such an arrangement can be made visually.
A millimeter-order hole is a hole having a hole diameter of more than 1 mm and not more than 1000 mm. The hole diameter of the millimeter order hole is preferably more than 1 mm and not more than 100 mm.
A micrometer-order hole is a hole having a hole diameter of more than 1 μm and not more than 1000 μm.
The porous ceramic fired body 103 is preferably formed with nanometer-order pores having a pore diameter of 1 to 1000 nm. Furthermore, the water retention of the porous ceramic fired body 103 can be further enhanced by the formation of nanometer-order holes.
The hole diameter is adjusted by combining the composition of the raw materials and the firing conditions.
In addition, the hole diameter of a hole refers to the long diameter of a hole. The hole diameter of the millimeter-order hole is a value obtained by cutting the porous ceramic fired body 103 from the upper surface 102a of the floating body toward the bottom surface 102b of the floating body and measuring the hole diameter of the opening formed in the cross section with a scale. The hole diameters of the nanometer-order and micrometer-order holes are values obtained by measuring the hole diameter of the opening formed in the cross section with an electron microscope.

  The porous ceramic fired body 103 preferably has at least some of the holes communicating with each other. The communicating holes may be millimeter-order holes, micrometer-order holes, or millimeter-order holes and micrometer-order holes. Moreover, when it has a nanometer order hole, you may communicate with each of the nanometer order hole and each of the millimeter order hole and the micrometer order hole. Since the pores communicate with each other, the porous ceramic fired body 103 is in a state in which water is more easily sucked up.

  The volume ratio of pores contained in the porous ceramic sintered body 103 is not particularly limited, but the porosity represented by (volume of pores) / (volume of porous ceramic sintered body) is preferably 90% by volume. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 40 to 80% by volume, and still more preferably 60 to 70% by volume. When the porosity is within the above range, the strength of the porous ceramic fired body can be maintained.

  The shape of the porous ceramic fired body is not particularly limited as long as it can be installed from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body, such as a plate shape, a rectangular parallelepiped, a rectangular parallelepiped, a prism, and a cylinder. It may be spherical.

  It is preferable that the surface of the porous ceramic fired body is ground. This is because the water is smoothly supplied to the upper surface of the floating body by grinding the surface.

The degree of penetration of the porous ceramic fired body 103 with respect to the floating body 102 will be described.
On the upper surface 102a side of the floating body, the porous ceramic fired body 103 has its upper surface 103a protruding from the upper surface 102a of the floating body by about 1 cm or more in order to make contact with the soil when the upper surface of the floating body has soil. Is desirable.
On the bottom surface 102b side of the floating body, it is necessary to bring the porous ceramic fired body 103 into contact with water. Therefore, for example, when the floating body 102 is made of foamed polystyrene, and the porous ceramic fired body 103 is attached by making a hole in the foamed polystyrene, the bottom face 103b of the porous ceramic fired body 103 protrudes at least about 1 cm from the hole in the bottom face of the foamed polystyrene. It is preferable. However, when the floating body 102 sinks in water to some extent, it does not have to come out of the hole. It may be minus several centimeters as long as it comes into contact with water.
Since the porous ceramic fired body 103 has communication holes, it has a structure that allows air to escape. Therefore, even if it does not protrude from the bottom surface 102b of the floating body, the porous ceramic fired body 103 can come into contact with water. The distance between the upper surface 102a and the bottom surface 102b of the floating body is not limited, but is preferably about 1 to 30 cm.

  In addition, although the floating body type water purification apparatus 100 shown to Fig.1 (a), (b) can be used alone, it can also be connected and used in the shape of a bowl. With regard to the number of connections and the manner of connection, etc., the size and appearance of the installation location can be seen, and the number connected can be flexibly handled according to the situation. The floating water purification apparatuses 100 can be connected to each other using an arbitrary member. For example, a carbon fiber (CFRP) rod in which carbon fibers are integrated with a resin can be used.

[Manufacturing method of floating body water purification device]
An example of the manufacturing method of the floating body type water purification apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described. However, the manufacturing method of a floating body type water purification apparatus is not limited to the manufacturing method of the following example.

  First, a porous ceramic fired body is manufactured. As a method for producing a porous ceramic fired body, for example, raw materials for a porous ceramic fired body are mixed to prepare a mixture (hereinafter, sometimes simply referred to as “mixture”) (mixing step), and the mixture is molded. And forming a molded body (molding step) and firing the molded body to obtain a porous ceramic fired body (firing step).

(Mixing process)
The mixing step is a step of obtaining a mixture by mixing raw materials including clay.
As a mixture, the thing containing a foaming agent and clay is preferable, for example, and the thing containing a foaming agent, organic sludge, and clay is more preferable. By using a foaming agent and clay, irregularities in the order of millimeters and micrometers can be formed on the surface of large pores in the order of millimeters, pores in the order of micrometers or porous ceramics fired bodies. Furthermore, by using organic sludge, more micrometer-order pores and even smaller nanometer-order pores can be formed. A porous ceramic fired body obtained by firing such a mixture has pores in which the pores communicate with each other.

A foaming agent foams at the time of baking, For example, well-known foaming agents for ceramics, such as calcium carbonate, silicon carbide, magnesium carbonate, and slag, can be used. Of these foaming agents, slag is preferred. The slag is not particularly limited. For example, slag is generated at the time of cast iron such as blast furnace slag generated during metal refining, municipal waste melting slag generated when melting municipal waste, sewage sludge melting slag generated when melting sewage sludge, and ductile cast iron. Examples include glassy slag such as cast iron slag. Among them, a stable foamed state is obtained because the composition is stable, and cast iron slag having a foaming rate of about 1.5 to 2 times that of other slags. More preferred.
The cast iron slag contains components such as SiO ₂ , Al ₂ O ₃ , CaO, Fe ₂ O ₃ , FeO, MgO, MnO, K ₂ O, Na ₂ O, and the obtained porous ceramic fired body is a base. It has excellent acid substance removability even if it does not carry a functional substance.

  The amount of slag in the blend can be determined in consideration of the moldability of the mixture, for example, preferably 80% by weight or less, more preferably 20 to 75% by weight, and even more preferably 30 to 65% by weight. . Within the above range, the moldability of the mixture can be smoothly and smoothly formed, and the apparent density and porosity (saturated water content) of the porous ceramic fired body can be adjusted to a suitable range.

Organic sludge is sludge containing an organic substance as a main component. Any organic sludge can be used, and activated sludge derived from wastewater treatment such as sewage or factory is particularly preferable. The activated sludge is discharged from a wastewater treatment facility using the activated sludge method through a coagulation / dehydration process. By using such organic sludge, pores on the order of micrometers can be efficiently formed, and pores on the order of nanometers can be formed. By forming nanometer-order pores, the apparent density of the porous ceramic fired body can be reduced, the porosity (saturated water content) can be further increased, and the chance of contact with water can be increased. Furthermore, activated sludge derived from wastewater treatment, which has been positioned as waste, can be used as a raw material.
The moisture content of the organic sludge is, for example, preferably 5 to 90% by mass, and more preferably 65 to 85% by mass. If it is in the said range, while obtaining a homogeneous mixture, it is easy to maintain favorable moldability.

  Although content of the organic substance in organic sludge is not specifically limited, For example, 70 mass% or more is preferable as content of organic substance (organic substance content) in solid content of organic sludge, and 80 mass% or more is more preferable. The larger the organic content, the easier it is to form micrometer-order pores, and nanometer-order pores. The organic content is a value obtained by measuring the ash content (mass%) of the dried sludge in accordance with JIS M8812-1993 at a carbonization temperature of 700 ° C. and the following equation (1).

  Organic matter content (mass%) = 100 (mass%) − ash content (mass%) (1)

  The average particle diameter of the organic sludge is preferably 1 to 5 μm, more preferably 1 to 3 μm. Since organic sludge is burned off by firing and pores are formed there, pores on the order of micrometers can be formed more easily as the average particle size is smaller, and pores on the order of nanometers can be formed. The average particle diameter is a volume-based median diameter (50% volume diameter) measured by a particle size distribution measuring device (LA-920, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).

  The content of organic sludge in the mixture can be determined in consideration of the moldability of the mixture, for example, preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and 5 to 30% by mass. Further preferred. If it is in the said range, a mixture will have moderate fluidity | liquidity and plasticity, a moldability will improve, and it can shape | mold smoothly, without obstruct | occluding a shaping | molding apparatus.

Clay is a mineral material that exhibits clay-like properties that are commonly used as ceramic raw materials.
As the clay, known materials used for ceramics can be used, which is composed of mineral composition such as quartz, feldspar, clay, etc., and the constituent mineral is mainly kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite, illite, bentonite, pyrophyllite. The thing containing is preferable. Examples of such clays include cocoon clay. Clay can be blended alone or in combination of two or more. The components contained in these clays are also effective in removing malodorous and toxic substances contained in the gas.

  The clay content in the mixture can be determined in consideration of the strength and formability required for the porous ceramic fired body. For example, the content is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 5 to 50% by mass, and 10 to 40%. More preferred is mass%. If it is in the above-mentioned range, the moldability of the mixture can be smoothly formed without sacrificing, and the strength of the fired porous ceramic body can be made sufficient.

The mixture may contain an optional component as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of optional components include naphthalene-based fluidizing agents such as Mighty 2000WH (trade name, manufactured by Kao Corporation), melamine-based fluidizing agents such as Melment F-10 (trade name, manufactured by Showa Denko KK), and the like. Polycarboxylic acid fluidizers such as Darex Super 100pH (trade name, manufactured by Grace Chemicals Co., Ltd.), antibacterial agents such as silver, copper and zinc, deodorizers such as ammonium chloride and zinc chloride, zeolite, apatite, etc. Adsorbents, strength improvers such as carbon fibers having a length of 1 mm to 5 cm, basalt fibers, rock wool, and metal aluminum.
When mix | blending an arbitrary component with a mixture, it is preferable to determine the compounding quantity of an arbitrary component in the range of 5-10 mass%, for example.

From the viewpoint of moldability, water may be blended as appropriate for the purpose of adjusting the fluidity of the mixture, etc., but when the organic sludge is blended at a suitable blending ratio, It is not necessary to add water.
Moreover, when there is much water | moisture content, it is preferable to contain crushed materials, such as glass, roof tile, fly ash, clinker ash, for example. In particular, by blending crushed tiles, excess moisture can be absorbed, the fluidity of the blend can be adjusted, and the moldability can be improved.
When glass is used, preferably, a high-melting glass particulate filler having a melting temperature of 900 ° C. or higher is more preferable. By using particles of high melting point glass, moisture adjustment is possible while maintaining pores formed in the fired porous ceramic body. High melting point glass and fly ash can also be used as a strength improver.

The particle diameter of the high melting point glass or tile particles is preferably 0.1 to 5 mm. If the particle diameter is less than 0.1 mm, the formation of pores in the porous ceramic fired body may be insufficient. If the pores are not sufficiently formed, the removal performance of unnecessary substances contained in the gas and the durability of the porous ceramic fired body may be deteriorated.
If the particle diameter is more than 5 mm, moldability may be deteriorated, or the metal fitting at the extrusion port may be damaged during molding.

  Moreover, clinker ash and fly ash are discharged from a thermal power plant and are preferable from the viewpoint of effective utilization of waste.

  The content of the high melting point glass, tile particles, fly ash and clinker ash in the mixture may be appropriately selected according to the intended fluidity of the composition without departing from the purpose of the present invention. 3-40 mass parts is preferable with respect to a total of 100 mass parts of raw materials other than glass and roof tiles, and 10-30 mass parts is more preferable.

The mixing apparatus used for a mixing process is not specifically limited, A well-known mixing apparatus can be used.
Examples of the mixing apparatus include a kneader such as a mix muller (manufactured by Toshin Kogyo Co., Ltd.), a kneader (manufactured by Moriyama Co., Ltd.), a mixer (manufactured by Nippon Ceramics Co., Ltd.), and the like.

(Molding process)
The forming step is a step of forming the mixture obtained in the mixing step into an arbitrary shape.
A known molding method can be used as the molding method, and can be determined in consideration of the properties of the mixture and the desired shape of the molded body. As a specific molding method, a molding machine is used to perform extrusion molding to obtain a molded body such as a plate, granule, or columnar shape including pellets, etc., and a mixture is filled into a mold of any shape and molded. Examples thereof include a method of obtaining a body, a method of extruding, stretching or rolling a mixture, and then cutting it into an arbitrary size. By extruding and / or stretching and / or rolling the mixture in the molding step, the foaming agent is oriented, and thus it becomes easy to form horizontally long holes.
Examples of the molding machine include a vacuum clay molding machine, a flat plate press molding machine, and a flat plate extrusion molding machine. Among these, a vacuum clay molding machine is preferable.

(Baking process)
The firing step is a step of firing the molded body (firing operation) and firing clay and the like to obtain a porous ceramic fired body.

  In the case of drying the molded body, the molded body may be naturally dried, or may be dried by treating in a hot air drying oven at 50 to 220 ° C. for an arbitrary time. From the viewpoint of moldability to prevent cracking during firing, the moisture content of the molded body is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less by drying.

The firing operation is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Examples thereof include a method of firing at an arbitrary temperature using a continuous sintering furnace such as a roller hearth kiln or a batch sintering furnace such as a shuttle kiln. Among these, it is preferable to use a continuous sintering furnace for the firing operation from the viewpoint of productivity.
The firing temperature (maximum temperature reached) can be determined according to the properties of the mixture, and is, for example, 850 ° C to 1200 ° C. If it is more than the said lower limit, most organic substances in organic sludge will volatilize and it will reduce weight. If it exceeds the above upper limit value, vitrification of the entire structure of the ceramic fired body proceeds and the pores may be blocked.
A porous ceramic fired body having pores in the order of millimeters, pores in the order of micrometers, and pores in the order of nanometers can be obtained by the above manufacturing method. When the shape of the porous ceramic fired body is formed into a plate shape and a column shape, it is easy to form a millimeter-order hole. At that time, by extruding and / or stretching and / or rolling the mixture, it is possible to form horizontally long holes on the order of millimeters.

A porous ceramic fired body can be obtained through the above mixing step, forming step, and firing step.
Then, the floating body water purification apparatus according to the first embodiment is obtained by inserting the obtained porous ceramic fired body through the floating body made of foamed polystyrene or the like from the top surface to the bottom surface thereof. It is done.

  In the floating body water purification apparatus according to the first embodiment described above, one end of the porous ceramic fired body is disposed at a position in contact with the water to be purified, and is installed so as to penetrate to the upper surface of the floating body. ing. Thereby, it can pull up to the upper surface of a floating body using the rise of water by a capillary phenomenon in the communicating hole in a porous ceramic sintered body. Moreover, when there is much water on the upper surface of the floating body, water can be drained from the communication hole. Therefore, when a plant is growing on the upper surface of the floating body, the amount of water is adjusted by the porous ceramic fired body, whereby water can be appropriately supplied to the plant. In this case, since power such as a conventionally used pump is not required, it is possible to suppress the generation of costs due to the consumption of electric power when the pump is used and the cost associated with the installation of the pump.

  And the floating body water purification apparatus of the present invention is a floating body that has a water purification effect by removing phosphorus and nitrogen, which are eutrophic sources, by connecting a porous ceramic fired body and fibrous biofringe to the bottom surface. Plants grow on floating water purification devices instead of water purification devices, and there are plants, so even if the floating water purification device of the present invention is used for rivers, lakes, swamps, and ponds to be water purified, Integrate and do not spoil the beauty. Even if it is installed in a pond or reservoir in a non-natural environment, the plant can provide beauty and comfort. In addition, insects and birds inhabit these plants, so that the natural ecology can be reproduced.

  In addition, by installing a pump or the like on the floating body, pumping up the water to be treated, and installing a fountain device, the appearance and water supply capacity for plants are further improved. Electricity can be supplied to the pump using a solar cell or the like.

Second Embodiment
The structure of the floating body water purification apparatus 110 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). FIG. 3A is a photograph of the upper surface side of the floating body water purification apparatus 110. FIG.3 (b) is a photograph of the back side of the floating body type water purification apparatus 100 shown to Fig.3 (a).
Similar to the first embodiment, the floating body water purification apparatus 110 includes a floating body, and a porous ceramic fired body 113 having communication holes arranged so as to penetrate between the upper surface and the bottom surface of the floating body. A wall portion is provided around the upper surface of the floating body.

  Further, in the floating body water purification apparatus 110, soil (soil) 117 is disposed in a region surrounded by walls on the upper surface of the floating body, and the soil 117 is in contact with the porous ceramic fired body 113. The soil 117 is in a state where plants can be grown by supplying water.

Since the porous ceramic fired body has an excellent pF value, it is suitable for growing plants. The soil 117 may contain a fragment of a porous ceramic fired body. Here, the fragment of the porous ceramic fired body refers to a granular ceramic fired body made of a porous ceramic fired body, and refers to a piece of porous ceramic fired body that is not particularly limited in shape and size. In that case, the ratio (blending) of the fragment may be 100%.
When the soil 117 contains a fragment of a porous ceramic fired body, it is easy to receive water supply from the porous ceramic fired body installed in the floating body, even if the day when rain does not rain continues An environment in which plants can be grown can be provided. Moreover, since it also has moderate drainage and air permeability, it can suppress the root rot of plants.

  In the case where a granular material is used as a fragment of the porous ceramic fired body (here, the particle diameter of the granular material is one having a particle diameter of 5 cm or less), it is preferable from the viewpoint of plant growth excluding hydroponics. Is 3 cm or less, more preferably 2 cm or less, still more preferably 1 cm or less, and even more preferably 5 mm or less. Although a minimum is not specifically limited, 0.02 mm or more is preferable from a viewpoint of utilization of the pore currently formed in the porous ceramics, a viewpoint of a gaseous-phase ratio, and the handleability of granular materials, such as a dusting.

  Moreover, the granular material may be prepared by preparing granular materials of various sizes and blending them at an arbitrary ratio. For example, a granular material having a particle diameter of more than 5 mm, a granular material having a particle diameter of more than 5 mm, and a particle having a diameter of 1 mm or less may be blended at an arbitrary ratio. The particle diameter is a value measured by sieving. For example, a granular material having a size of more than 1 mm and not more than 5 mm means a particle that passes through a sieve having an opening of 5 mm and cannot pass through a sieve having an opening of 1 mm.

When the particle diameter is as large as more than 5 mm, the water permeability can be remarkably improved.
When the particle diameter is more than 1 mm to 5 mm or less, water retention can be improved and the gas phase can be increased.
When the particle diameter is more than 0.02 mm to 1 mm or less, it is generally squeezed and hardened by moisture or the like, which is not preferable for food growth, but the fine particles of the present invention suppress such a squeezing and squeezing phenomenon, It is easy to mix with soil to be improved, and the microparticles have pores on the order of micrometers, and more preferably in the order of nanometers, so that they have a gas phase and can provide a preferable growing environment for plants.

  Since the fragments of the porous ceramic fired body are microporous, a biological membrane is formed by microorganisms that purify water, and phosphorus, nitrogen, and the like are adsorbed in the biological membrane. Therefore, this porous ceramic fragment can later be mixed with soil and reused as a fertilizer for agriculture and horticulture.

Moreover, as the soil 117, only the granular material of a porous ceramic sintered body, or only a plate-shaped object may be included. It is also possible to use a plate-like material in which ordinary soil or a porous ceramic sintered body is laid.
The soil 117 may be anything as long as the plant grows, and may be, for example, humus, akadama soil, kanuma soil, or commercially available soil for plant cultivation.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the floating body water purification apparatus shown in FIG. 3 has a net containing a helical CFRP rod, which will be described later, and a porous ceramic sintered body on the bottom surface of the floating body. Is provided with a ring 112c.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the floating body water purification apparatus 110 is surrounded by another floating body 111, and this other floating body is covered with a protective material 116. It has been broken. The protective material 116 is a material in which moss is spread on the surface of the floating body, and the moss spread is covered with a net and fixed. Thereby, when the floating-type water purification apparatus 110 is installed in a river, a lake, a swamp, a pond, etc., for example, it can adapt to the surrounding scenery.

  Also in the floating body water purification apparatus according to the second embodiment, one end of the porous ceramic fired body is disposed at a position in contact with the water to be purified, and is penetrated to the upper surface of the floating body. Thereby, it can pull up to the upper surface of a floating body using the rise of water by a capillary phenomenon in the communicating hole in a porous ceramic sintered body. Moreover, when there is much water on the upper surface of a floating body, it can drain from a communicating hole. Therefore, when a plant is growing on the upper surface of the floating body, the amount of water is adjusted by the porous ceramic fired body, whereby water can be appropriately supplied to the plant. In this case, since power such as a conventionally used pump is not required, it is possible to suppress the generation of costs due to the consumption of electric power when the pump is used and the cost associated with the installation of the pump.

  In addition, by installing a pump or the like on the floating body, pumping up the water to be treated, and installing a fountain device, the appearance and water supply capacity for plants are further improved. Electricity can be supplied to the pump using a solar cell or the like. In addition, when the pumped water comes into contact with the porous ceramic particles and plates used as soil, the porous ceramic fired body installed in the floating body, phosphorus contained in the water, Nitrogen is recovered. Moreover, by pumping up the water to be treated, the circulation of water in the pond to be treated is promoted, and the purification performance is further improved.

<Third Embodiment>
The structure of the floating body water purification apparatus 120 according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the floating water purification apparatus 120.
As in the first embodiment, the floating body water purification apparatus 120 includes a floating body 122, and a porous ceramic fired body having communication holes that are disposed so as to penetrate between the top surface and the bottom surface of the floating body 122. A wall portion is provided around the upper surface of the floating body.

Furthermore, in the floating body water purification apparatus 120, granular materials (fragments) 128 a of a porous ceramic fired body placed in a net 128 or the like are suspended below the floating body 122. Although not shown, a plate-like object (fragment) of a porous ceramic fired body may be suspended under the floating body 122.
Under the floating body 122, a spiral material made of carbon fiber and capable of gaining a surface area, or a bio-fringe made of polypropylene ("Biocode SP type", "Biocode MK type" (registered trademark) A water purification material 129 is installed as a place of residence for microorganisms that purify water.

  Since the water purification material 129 is formed in a spiral shape, a water flow is generated between the carbon fiber and the carbon fiber forming the space in the center of the spiral and the spiral, so that the function of water purification is further improved. Moreover, it can suppress that the center part of a spiral is obstruct | occluded by a biofilm by making the internal diameter of a spiral shape into 1 cm or more. Moreover, it can suppress that between carbon fibers is obstruct | occluded by a biofilm by making the space | interval of the carbon fibers which form a spiral into 1 cm or more. There is no upper limit for the inner diameter and the fiber spacing, but it is preferably about 50 cm.

  A spiral object made of carbon fibers (spiral CFRP) is formed by integrating carbon fibers with a resin and then spiraling them. The integration is preferably performed by impregnating carbon fibers with a resin. As the resin, a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, or the like can be used. In order to make a spiral shape after imparting a resin to the carbon fiber, a thermoplastic resin is preferable, and a thermoplastic epoxy resin is preferably used from the viewpoint of durability and the like.

  All of the carbon fibers may be buried in the resin. If the carbon fibers are all exposed from the resin, the exposed carbon fibers may be cut by water flow or the like. When all the carbon fibers are buried in the resin, it is more preferable from the viewpoint of water purification if the surface of the resin is polished with sandpaper or the like to expose a part of the surface of the carbon fibers.

  Furthermore, in order to prevent the floating body water purification device 120 floating on the water surface as a floating island from inadvertently moving due to an external force load such as water flow or wind and rain, the bottom surface of the floating body 122 is connected to a concrete anchor via a rope or the like. 130 (joined).

Since the floating body 122 made of foamed polystyrene or the like may be damaged when it hits an obstacle, a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic) rod 132 having a diameter of about 14 mm (φ14) is attached as a protective cover of the floating body 122. . Since the CFRP rod 132 is lightweight, the weight load on the floating body water purification device 120 can be reduced. In addition, the CFRP rod 132 has the advantage that it is not easily rusted, has high strength, and is easy to handle. A member 133 that reinforces the connection is disposed at a connection portion between the CFRP rods 132.
The upper surface (not shown) of the floating body 122 is covered with a lid body 131 having a thickness of about 10 cm made of foamed polystyrene or the like.
Note that the floating body water purification apparatus 120 may surround the floating body 122 with another floating body as in the first embodiment, or may cover the other floating body with moss or the like. Further, without covering the upper surface of the floating body 122 with the lid body 131, as in the second embodiment, a soil 127 such as a fragment of a porous ceramic fired body may be disposed on the upper surface of the floating body 122 to grow a plant. .

  Since the floating body 122 composed of foamed polystyrene or the like may collapse and scatter when an obstacle flying from the outside collides, it is desirable to cover it with a net in order to prevent it.

  Since the porous ceramic fired body fragment 128 is microporous, it can form a large number of biofilms and adsorbs excess phosphorus, nitrogen, or the like, which becomes a water pollutant, and exhibits a water purification effect. Phosphorus adsorbed on the porous ceramic fired body becomes fertilizer for agriculture and horticulture and can be reused. Styrofoam is weathered when exposed to soil for long periods of time.

  The floating-type water purification apparatus 120 exerts a great effect when applied to a water area with a high load of BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand) such as a river inlet.

  CFRP has good affinity with microorganisms in water, and exhibits the effect of purifying water quality by forming a biofilm on the surface. Since it is made of plastic, there is no risk of deterioration in water or in an environment exposed to light, it is lightweight and easy to handle, and there is no risk of secondary damage due to carbon fiber scattering.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the floating water purification apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 4 taken along line AA so that the cross section of the porous ceramic fired body is exposed. It is configured such that the water in the water is supplied to each portion of the soil 127 so as to go up from the bottom surface 123b toward the top surface 123a through the communication hole of the porous ceramic fired body 123 by the capillary phenomenon and ooze out. ing. Moreover, when there is too much water of the soil 127, it goes down a communicating hole and water is discharged | emitted.

  6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a partial region B (see FIG. 5) of the porous ceramic fired body shown in FIG. The hole constituting the communication hole between the upper surface and the bottom surface of the floating body has at least a millimeter-order hole and a micrometer-order hole. Furthermore, it is preferable to have nanometer-sized pores. In addition, the hole diameter of a hole refers to the long diameter of a hole. Among the holes, the millimeter-order hole 123c has a horizontally long shape (for example, an elliptical shape), and the number of holes whose horizontally long long axis faces in the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body (d in FIG. 6) increases. Thus, it is desirable that the porous ceramic fired body 123 is disposed. The micrometer-order hole and the nanometer-order hole may be oriented in either direction of the long axis, but preferably the horizontally long long axis is directed in the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body (d in FIG. 6). It is desirable that the porous ceramic fired body 123 is disposed so that the number of holes formed is increased.

  In the case where the millimeter-order hole 123c has a horizontally long shape and the horizontally long long axis has many holes directed in the direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the floating body, in the horizontally long direction of the water passing through the hole 123c, The diffusion rate of water becomes relatively high. Therefore, by arranging the horizontally long holes along the vertical direction (d in FIG. 6), water is more easily sucked from the bottom surface to the top surface of the floating body. The same is true for micrometer-sized and nanometer-sized holes.

  Also in the floating-type water purification apparatus according to the third embodiment, one end of the porous ceramic fired body is disposed at a position in contact with the water to be purified and is installed so as to penetrate to the upper surface of the floating body. Thereby, it can pull up to the upper surface of a floating body using the rise of water by a capillary phenomenon in the communicating hole in a porous ceramic sintered body. Moreover, when there is a lot of water on the upper surface of the floating body, it can be drained from the communication hole. Therefore, when a plant is growing on the upper surface of the floating body, the amount of water is adjusted by the porous ceramic fired body, whereby water can be appropriately supplied to the plant. In this case, since power such as a conventionally used pump is not required, it is possible to suppress the generation of costs due to the consumption of electric power when the pump is used and the cost associated with the installation of the pump.

  In addition, the constituent elements in the first to third embodiments described above can be appropriately replaced with known constituent elements without departing from the gist of the present invention.

100, 110, 120 Floating water purification apparatus 101, 111, 102, 122 Floating body 101a, 102a Upper surface 101b 102b Bottom surface 103, 113, 123 Porous ceramic fired body 104, 132 CFRP rod 105 Adhesive 112c Ring 117, 127 Soil 123c Hole 128 Net 128a Granular material 129 Spiral material 130 Concrete anchor 131 Cover body 133 Member d direction

Claims (5)

With a floating body,
A floating body water purification apparatus comprising: a porous ceramic fired body having communication holes arranged to penetrate between an upper surface and a bottom surface of the floating body.   Among the holes constituting the communication hole, a hole having a long diameter of the millimeter order has a horizontally long shape, and the porous ceramic fired body has a millimeter shape having the horizontally long shape. 2. The floating water purification system according to claim 1, wherein among the holes in the meter order, the horizontally long major axis is arranged so as to increase in a direction from a top surface to a bottom surface of the floating body. apparatus.   The floating water purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein soil is disposed on an upper surface of the floating body, and the soil is in contact with the porous ceramic fired body.   The floating water purification apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the soil includes a fragment made of the same fired body as the porous ceramic fired body.   The floating body water purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plant grows on the upper surface side of the floating body.