JP2015018197A - Thin and compact volume 3d display system based on moving display surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mechanism for a volume 3D display rotary type reciprocating motion type display surface for achieving smooth and quiet motion.SOLUTION: When compact of size of all systems is maintained, layout and an optical path of a mechanical component is disposed for providing the maximum ferris angle and the minimum viewing interference. When simple design and low cost are maintained, a mechanism of motion, a mechanism of mechanical relaxing and dynamic balance in two-directions are smooth and provide quiet motion. In addition, a support structure and a support frame for a display surface are designed so as to minimize deformation and pressure on the display surface when conditions of optic and the display are satisfied. In addition, mechanical and optical layouts consider necessity for conversion among plural kinds of display modes. A display shield effect and an image display method for a dark and black image are introduced.

Description

The present invention relates to the following patents and applications to the applicant:
Tsao U.S. Pat. Application 2011/237939.
Applicant has incorporated the above document as a cited reference in this case.

      The present invention generally relates to a volumetric 3D (V3D) display system based on a moving display surface. The invention also relates to a volumetric 3D display based on a “rotary reciprocating” display surface. The invention also relates to thin, compact system layouts and packages, smooth and quiet movement mechanisms and volumetric 3D display methods.

      One division of volume 3D (V3D) display generates V3D images by moving the screen and projecting a 2D image of the screen to sweep the volume. The V3D image is thus shaped with the swept volume by the afterimage effect. Tsao US Pat. No. 6,961,045 B2 describes a system with a screen that reciprocates by rotary motion as illustrated in FIG. This is to turn the flat screen 2031 around the axis 2000 while always keeping the screen surface in a certain direction. That is, the screen pivots about the axis but does not rotate about itself. As a result, the screen motion can be swept across the rectangular space 2040 and the screen appears to move in a reciprocating motion within the rectangular space. The projector 2010 projects continuous image frames on the moving screen. For convenience, this is called “rotary reciprocation”. In FIG. 1, the rotary arm is turned around two main axes. The plane of the display is carried by two moving shafts (2036). Iwahara's Japanese patent application S56-123533 describes similar movements using different machine details.

In practical operation, Iwahara's system has the following problems: (according to his drawing)
(1) The screen 1 is high above the level of the moving shaft (3, 4 of Iwahara) by using the framework (2 of Iwahara). . Therefore, the center of mass (center of gravity) of the screen + framework assembly is also raised. In actual rotation, a torque can then be created that causes the force of the rotating arm in the opposite direction, as illustrated by this in FIG. 2 (side view). This particularly affects the smoothness of rotation of the “mid-crossing” position. “Intermediate” is when the movement center line (movement CL) passes a plane in which two main center lines (main CL) are defined. The main center line is a line connecting the rotation centers of two arms on the same side. The moving center line is a line connecting the centers of two moving shafts on the same side. Over the middle, the position of the arm and framework assembly is not completely fixed by dynamics. The only mechanism that holds the position of the part is the timing belt (Iwahara 18) and the gear (Iwahara 17, 19). However, the timing belt has inevitable stretchability. At or near the middle, the two moving shafts that suddenly loosen the motion suppression are pushed in opposite directions by the torque described above. This results from “jumping” and related noise in the screening framework. This has been observed in our tests.
(2) The Iwahara screen framework assembly appears to be a rigid structure. Therefore, the center-to-center distance between the bearing holes in the frame is very high accuracy between the center distance between the two moving shafts (Iwahara 3, 4) and the center distance between the main shafts (Iwahara 5, 6). Must match. For certain sized machines, such precise tolerances can be expensive because the error is increased by the leverage and accumulation of larger sized machines.
(3) The Iwahara system has a timing belt gear mechanism with only one side. In fact, especially when the machine has a certain size, the deformation of the material and the gap of the main shaft bearing may not guarantee the synchronization of movement on both sides.
(4) Two long moving shafts (Iwahara 3, 4) take up important space when turning. This is undesirable in creating a compact system.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to develop a mechanism for a rotary reciprocating display surface of a volumetric 3D display to achieve a smooth and quiet movement. While the mechanism is in motion, the display surface, projection screen or display panel, need to be well supported against deformation and pressure. The system needs to be compact and cost effective to become a workable product.
Another issue in the design of thin portable systems is the size and structure of the mechanical mechanism for driving screen movement. The housing that houses the rotary arm, the operating parts (gear and belt) and the shaft of the rotary arm requires a certain size (thickness). For example, FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example drive device. Since the projection beam 399 must pass from below the screen along the projection centerline 303, the rotary arm shaft-gear-belt mechanism is placed on either side of the screen 2032. The shaft-gear-belt housing has a double wall structure with gears in the middle so that the shaft can be held in a clear position. On both sides, these structures and parts take up space. This is undesirable for thin mold systems.

Another problem is to project the image onto the screen and keep the image in focus. Tsao US Pat. No. 7,933,056 describes a system to compensate for the focal spacing of rapid focus projections using a moving thin wedge prism. In thin portable systems with multiple display modes, a very rapid focus system needs to be incorporated into the display system without affecting the functionality of multi-mode conversion while keeping the entire system thin.
Tsao Japanese Patent Application 2011/237939 describes a volumetric 3D display system capable of displaying multiple display modes, including 2D front projection, 2D back projection (rear projection) and autostereoscopic 3D. A very versatile projection system has potential commercial attractive power. It is therefore also preferred that the thin, compact layout design accommodates the limitations imposed by the functional requirements for multiple display modes. The mechanical and optical mechanical parts of the system also need to be easily changed between different display modes and placed in a thin, compact state when needed.
The object of the invention also includes the design of an electronic system that can be converted for different display modes.

The first preferred layout of the present invention is the “one side one end” layout. “One end” means that the drive is placed at one end of the moving display surface along the y direction to remove space for the projection beam. “One side” means that the display surface is gripped on only one side and operated from only one side so that the system can be kept thin.
The system is dynamically balanced to minimize vibration. This includes the balance of the rotating assembly. Rotating assembly consists of a main rotary arm, a second set of rotary arms, a screen group driven by the main rotary arm and a moving wedge prism (or reflector) group driven by the second set of rotary arms. Contains. In other words, everything that moves is included and balanced as a whole. Balance is done in two directions. In the radial direction of rotation, all centrifugal forces are balanced (ie, eliminated from each other) about the rotating shaft. In the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the total torque of all centrifugal forces is zero for every point on the rotating shaft.
In the case of image focus compensation, the rapid focus system (i.e. the moving thin wedge prism (or reflector)) and the moving screen are driven by an integrated, matched drive.

The layout of the present invention preferred the layout called “one side and two ends”. The display surface is also gripped on only one side and driven from only one side. However, the driving rotary arm is placed at two ends of the display surface. Furthermore, the rotating arm supports the display surface close to the display surface in position. As a result, the mechanism can be folded into a thin form factor when the display surface is placed in the middle. Balance is also done in two directions as an example of “one side one end layout”.
In general, there are thin packages for compact systems in the first and second layouts. A thin, compact design is made possible by a combination of the following new features: a layout of mechanical parts with respect to the projection path, a mechanism for driving a rotary reciprocating screen (or display surface) from only one side, And an arrangement that balances the force or torque to reduce vibration.
The present invention also includes an extendable cover with a safety switch to obtain a thin, compact system. The cover system also has an effective means for enhancing compact image contrast.

We prefer to apply the third layout of the present invention to large systems in general. The present invention solves the problem of “middle” jumping or noise by devising the mechanism and design of the following features:
(1) A balanced screen and support that eliminates the effects of undesirable torque constitutes.
(2) Caused by an inevitable scale or assembly error due to a mechanical relaxation mechanism that accommodates possible changes in center-to-center distance.
(3) Associated with (1) and (2), the required balance and mechanical relaxation design of the screen and support constitutes a “parallel relaxation and balance mechanism”.
(4) A moving screen mechanism that does not require a long moving shaft, thereby providing more usable space under the screen, allowing the design of a compact display system.
(5) Synchronization mechanism on both sides and driving mechanism on both sides.
The result is a compact, smooth and quiet moving screen (display surface) system.

The preferred layout mechanical design can be applied to volumetric 3D displays on the surface of a passive display (ie, the screen) or on the surface of the active display (ie, the active light-emitting elements that the surface contains).
Further mechanical designs include methods and make up designs for supporting the display surface. The display surface is large or small.
The compact design of the new multi-channel optical link data interface system of the present invention when the display surface is an active screen.
In addition, under the background of the aforementioned characteristics, the design of conversion means for multiple operating modes is described, including projection path, projection optical layout, optical convertible mechanism and stretchable cover . These mechanical and opto-mechanical components can be easily changed into a thin, compact state that can be placed between different display modes and when needed.
The convertible mechanism can also be an electronic system that can be switched between different operational modes, a modular electronics system that allows the V3D display system to be an extension of the host computing accessory or projector system. Contains.
An image display method is devised to solve the image display problem of volumetric 3D displays. A method of hidden feature removal is developed to provide an occlusion visual effect when the approximate location of the viewer's eyes is known. In addition, the combination of hidden feature removal, display of object contour traces, and “background parallel transition” technology allows volumetric 3D displays to display black or dark images.

[1. Compact system with “one side and one end” layout]
The first preferred component layout is now described. FIG. 4 illustrates a screen 2032 that moves in a “rotary reciprocating” motion in perspective without showing a rotating arm. Arrow 1300 shows the rotational movement track of the screen. The long edges of the screen are aligned in the y direction. The side movement of the screen is also along the y direction. For convenience, four directions for the screen are defined. The y + direction is referred to as the “front end” and the y− direction, “back end”. The x + direction is called the “right side” (R side), and the x− direction, “left side” (L side). The first preferred layout is the “one side one end” layout. “One end” means that the drive is placed at one end of the moving display surface along the y direction to remove space for the projection beam. “One side” means that the display surface is gripped on only one side and operated from only one side so that the system can be kept thin.
FIG. 5 illustrates a layout of “one side and one end” in a side view (that is, viewing of a yz plane) and a front view (sectional view) (viewing of an xz plane). The shaft-gear-belt housing containing the operating parts is placed behind the projection beam 399. The drive includes only two rotary arms (primary arms) 2035E and 2035F which are placed on a vertical alignment line. Each rotary arm is connected to the main gear by a rotary shaft. The timing belt connects the two main gears and rotates the two rotating arms simultaneously. The two rotary arms drive a rotary reciprocating motion support frame 2051, as indicated by arrows 1300A and 1300B. The support frame 2051 is thereby connected to a screen 2032 that moves in a reciprocating motion. The support frame connects to the screen on only one side. That is, the drive can only operate on one side of the screen and be placed within the (long) end of the two sides of the screen. Therefore, the layout is called “one side one end layout”. This layout creates a thickness that is close to the width of the display volume 2040, minimizing the total system thickness (in the x direction). It can also be seen that this arrangement provides a very wide viewing angle around the display volume.

      FIG. 6 shows a picture of the functional model of the system and the structure of the group of screens (including support frame 2051 and screen 2032). Since the drive is at the rear of the system, the support frame 2051 extends in the y + direction and connects the screen on only one side (R side). An extension of the support frame 2051 has a cross section in the form of “Γ”. A side portion 2052 in the shape of “Γ” provides vertical support for dynamic manipulation. A screen support backing structure 2037 is attached to the upper portion 2053 of the “Γ” shape. The screen includes a translucent film 2038 that is attached to a support backing structure 2037. The supporting backing structure 2037 is made of a thin, transparent plastic sheet and is shaped like a shallow shoebox cover. Such a structure has so far been light enough to be supported by the rigidity of the shape of the box lid so that it can be inertial to prevent significant deformation caused by movement. For example, the functional model of FIG. 6 has a support structure in the form of a shallow shoe box cover with a size of 3.75 inches × 2.063 inches 5/16 inches high. The structure is made of a plastic sheet with a thickness of 0.004-0.005 inches. The test shows no visible deformation when the structure moves at 10-15 revolutions per second in rotational reciprocating motion.

When a rapid focus system (Tsao US Pat. No. 7,933,056) is used with the system of FIG. 5, the most compact arrangement is to place a moving prism (or reflector) into the same mechanism that drives the moving screen. FIG. 7a illustrates this arrangement of cross-sectional views. A second set of rotary arms (auxiliary rotary arms) (2090A and 2090B) attach to the same shaft used by the main rotary arms (2035E and 2035F) on the opposite side of the shaft-gear-belt housing. In this view, it moves back and forth in the vertical direction as indicated by the moving prism (reflector) 1300C. The tip of the prism wedge points in the z-direction. The projection beam centerline 303A and the projection lens 305 are placed accordingly. The projection beam is directed to position 303 by a set of folding mirrors (not shown) and can reach the moving screen.
FIG. 7b shows a photograph of a functional model with a moving thin wedge prism as a rapid focus system in side view. The moving prism and base are made of transparent plastic and are therefore highlighted in the photo with inscriptions for a better view. 1300D shows the movement track of the wedge prism.
In these examples, the moving prism and screen are placed with a 180 degree phase difference. That is, when the screen moves to the upper position, the wedge prism moves with the longest image distance to the lowest position providing the greatest refractive displacement and the shortest object distance.

The system should be balanced dynamically to minimize vibration. This includes balancing in the following divisions:
(1) Balance of moving wedge prism (or reflector) group: As shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the moving wedge prism group consists of a moving wedge prism, a base, a connecting rod B and a counterweight (counterweight B). Includes assembly. The assembly is horizontally symmetric (y direction). The purpose of counterweight B is to place the center of gravity of the assembly at an intermediate point 1601 between the two moving shafts (2091A and 2091B). In this way, the load can be evenly distributed to both rotary arms 2090A and 2090B.
(2) Screen group balance: The screen group includes a screen 2032, a support frame 2051, a connecting rod A, and a counterweight (counterweight A) as shown in FIG. 8a. Similarly, the purpose of counterweight A is to place the center of gravity of the assembly at an intermediate point 1602 between the two moving shafts (2036A and 2036B). In this way, the load can be evenly distributed to both rotary arms 2035A and 2035B. Since the screen group has an extension in the y + direction, the counterweight A is best placed in the y- and z- directions.
(3) Balance of rotating assembly: The rotating assembly is composed of a main rotary arm (2035A and 2035B), a second set of rotary arms (2090A and 2090B), a screen group driven by the main rotary arm and the second It includes a set of rotary arm-driven moving wedge prism (or reflector) groups. In other words, everything that moves is included and balanced as a whole. Balance must be done in two directions:
(3a) Viewing along the axis of rotation should be balanced (ie cancel each other) in a radial direction (ie looking at the yz plane) and pulling on the main rotary arm shaft.
(3b) The sum of the bending torques coming out of the main rotary arm shaft for all centrifugal forces should be zero.

The balancing departments (1) and (2) belong to static balance. That is, the sum of the following quantities for each part of the structure should be zero:
mr = mass (m) · interval from mass to center of rotation (r)
The balancing department (3a) belongs to the dynamic balance of rotation. However, if the assembly meets the requirements of static balance, then balancing department (3a) is also satisfied. This is how the centrifugal force is expressed in a uniform circular motion:
Fc = mrω ²
m is the mass, r is the distance from the mass to the center of rotation, and ω is the angular velocity. That is, the centrifugal force is proportional to the amount (mr) as in the case of static balance. To make the resulting (mr) amount zero in the rotary arm balance, a group of screens is attached to the opposite end of the rotary arm, one end of each rotary arm, added to the counterweight. The wedge prism group applies a similar arrangement.

      The balance of department (3b) requires detailed explanation. FIGS. 8a and 8b show that the extension of the support frame 2051 and the screen are kept as light as possible in order to minimize inertia. Thus, when the group of screens is in balance with the yz plane 1602, the center of gravity of the assembly is very close to the support frame when viewed from the front (FIG. 8b). When this screen group is attached to the main rotary arm, the center of gravity is generally not in the same plane as the rotary arm. That is, there is always a small gap between the center of gravity of the group of screens and the center of gravity of the counterweight of the rotary arm. FIG. 9 illustrates the state. Assuming the mass of the group of screens is evenly distributed at the two positions represented by circles 1801A and 1801B, the counterweights are at 1802A and 1802B, so the plane of load of the group of counterweight flat screens is Divided by an interval d. When the assembly turns because of this small distance, the centrifugal force for the screen group and the centrifugal force for the counterweight generate bending torque that emerges on the rotation axis (main shaft). This dynamic bending torque does not disappear even if the screen group and counterweight are statically balanced. The same applies to the moving wedge prism group and the second set of rotary arms. This torque for centrifugal force constantly changes direction as the assembly rotates. If the system has a symmetrical drive on both sides of the screen, the resulting torque for the entire system, such as one in FIG. 3, is zero. But for a “one side one end” system, if the bending torque is not balanced, a highly undesirable system will vibrate accordingly.

The preferred procedure of the balancing department (3) (including (3a) and (3b)) can be described with the help of FIG. FIG. 10 illustrates a force diagram of the rotary arm 2035E, rotary arm 2090A and shaft assembly (three connected as a single rigid body). The arrow Fcw represents the centrifugal force due to the movement of the wedge prism group:
m is the mass of the moving wedge prism group (1/2 of the mass distributed to one arm), r1 is the radius of rotation, and ω angular velocity. The arrow fcs represents the centrifugal force for the group movement of the screen:
M is the mass of the group of moving screens (1/2 of the mass distributed on one arm), the radius of r2 rotation, and the speed of the ω angle. Fcw and Fcs are therefore known amounts. F1 is the net centrifugal force of the rotating arm 2090A with a counterweight. F2 is the pure centrifugal force of the rotating arm 2035E with the counterweight. The horizontal distance between Fcw and F1 is d1. The horizontal distance between Fcs and F2 is d2. The distance between the two arms is D. D, d1, d2 are also known. F1 and F2 should be found from the balance of force diagrams so that the required amount and position of the counterweight can be found.

First, F1 is determined by balancing the bending torque due to the centrifugal force along the axis of rotation about the point P through which F2 passes:
For simplicity, we assume that each arm balances itself when counterweight or load is applied. That is, the centrifugal force of the arm is completely due to the applied counterweight mass. Therefore,
M1 is the mass of the added counterweight, and R1 is the distance from the center line. (M1 and R1 need to be corrected if the arms themselves are not balanced and unbalanced parts of the arms. Procedures for such correction are known to those skilled in the art based on current teachings.)
From equations (5), (6) and (8), equation (7) becomes:
From equation (9), the counterweight (mass and position, M1R1) of the rotary arm 2090A can be determined.

Next, F2 is determined by balancing all centrifugal forces on the axis of rotation in the radial direction (radial direction). As mentioned above, this is equivalent to static balancing as follows:
From equation (11), the counterweight (mass and position, M2R2) of the rotary arm 2035E can be determined.
Therefore, the counterweight can be chosen by applying equations (9) and (11) to achieve the balance divisions (3a) and (3b).
Note: For uniform circular motion (see D. Halliday and R. Resnick, Fundamental of Physics, John Wiley and Sons, 1981, p. 49), centripetal force acceleration:

The moving prism and screen can also be set with a phase difference other than 180 degrees. For example, FIG. 11 illustrates a 90 degree phase difference state. That is, when the screen moves to the upper position (maximum z +), it moves to the position of the connecting rod B (and prism base, wedge prism) maximum y−. In this case, the projection beam and lens 305 should be placed according to the position of this maximum y-. The wedge prism is oriented with the tip of the wedge pointing in the y-direction. The effective reciprocating direction of the thin wedge prism is in the lateral (y) direction as indicated by 1300C.
In this 90 degree phase difference example, the department (3) balancing procedure described earlier needs to be applied in two directions: towards the main rotary arm (2035E, 2035F) And the auxiliary rotary arm (2090A, 2090B).

To the main rotary arm, the following two conditions must be satisfied: (About FIG. 12 illustrating one rotary arm shaft connecting the main arm and the auxiliary rotary arm)
Similar as before, Fcs represents centrifugal force due to the movement of a group of screens. F2 is the pure centrifugal force of the rotating arm 2035E with the counterweight M2 placed in the opposite direction of Fcs. F1 is the pure centrifugal force of the rotating arm 2090A with the counterweight M1 placed in the same direction of Fcs to balance the bending torque.
For the auxiliary rotating arm, the following two conditions must be satisfied:
Fcw represents the centrifugal force due to the movement of the wedge prism group. F3 is the pure centrifugal force of the rotating arm 2090A with the counterweight M3 placed in the opposite direction of Fcw. F4 is the pure centrifugal force of the rotating arm 2035E with the counterweight M4 placed in the same direction of Fcw to balance the bending torque.

Using equations (15)-(18) and applying a similar procedure described previously, the amount and position of the four counterweights (M1, M2, M3 and M4) are determined by the department (3a) And (3b) can be selected to satisfy the balancing condition.
In the case of FIG. 11 (90 degree phase difference between the main rotary arm and the auxiliary rotary arm), the entire mechanism is actually a “parallel crosses crank compound” mechanism. As a result, all arm rotations are adjusted. No gear or timing belt is required. The entire mechanism can be driven on one main shaft using a plastic pulley and zero ring belt. (See more explanation of “Compound Cross Parallel Crank” mechanism in Section 2)
When a thin wedge prism rapid focus system is used, FIG. 13 illustrates the projection path of the system. Projection centerline 303A path through the moving wedge prism and projection lens 305. A dichroic reflector (DR_e) at the exit of a set of projection lenses is used for color images according to “Projection Project” technology (Tsao Japanese Patent 4605337 (US Pat. No. 6,961,045)). DR_e folds the projection beam, the two folding mirrors (FM1, FM2) then send the projected image frame to the moving screen 2032. The projected full panel image and the folding mirror orientation Note that the entire projection path can be packed in an enclosure with a width 92 very close to the width of the moving screen.

[2. Compact system with “one side, two ends” layout]
A second preferred layout of the present invention will now be described. See Figures 15a, 15b, 15c:
Rotary reciprocating mechanism for thin form factor. The mechanism has the following characteristics:
(1) “One side two ends” support structure In order to achieve the lowest height (lowest form factor), the screen is operated at a position near the surface of the screen. That is, as shown in FIG. 15a, the main moving shaft is placed near the height level of the screen. Since the screen group is driven at a position near the vertical center of gravity, balancing the screen group itself (screen, screen support, main connecting rod) in the vertical direction almost requires additional counterweight do not do. In addition, the screen and support frame are built from lightweight materials (see details below). So it helps reduce the amount of all these necessary counterweights and helps reduce assembly size.
The screen is driven by two main rotary arms on one side only (on the R side according to Fig. 15a). This reduces the overall width of the system. This also ensures that there is absolutely no view obstruction structure that maximizes the angle that the L side can see. The screen and screen support are attached to the main connecting rod. Two main rotary arms drive main connecting rods at two ends, as shown in the figure. This “two end” driving position maximizes the viewable angle on the R side, as the rotating arm at the two ends has the least view-blocking effect. This “two-end” operation maintains the minimum overall system length (from rear to front), maintains the mass of the screen group, and reduces the amount of counterweight required. Therefore, the system size is minimized.

(2) The main rotary arm and the auxiliary rotary arm are connected as a “composite cross-parallel crank”. Each main arm is connected by a corresponding auxiliary rotary arm with a 90 degree phase difference between them and one main Connected by shaft. The main connecting rod connects two main rotary arms with two main moving shafts. The auxiliary connecting rod connects two auxiliary rotary arms with two auxiliary moving shafts. All center distances are maintained to be the same as the center distance between the two main shafts (within practical assembly tolerances). This mechanism itself is called the “complex cross-parallel crank” in the art of mechanical mechanisms. The entire mechanism can be driven on one main shaft using a plastic pulley and an O-ring belt. The mechanism is simple and inexpensive. Tests have shown that smooth and quiet rotation can be achieved with this arrangement.
(3) Balance: Static, dynamic balancing conditions and procedures are similar to those described in Section 1. In particular, the main rotary arm and the auxiliary rotary arm have a 90 degree phase difference. Therefore, the balancing department (3b) needs to be in two vertical directions as previously described to minimize vibration. The procedure is basically the same as the state of FIG. 12 and the corresponding description.
(4) When the screen is placed in the middle, the mechanism can be folded into a very compact form factor as shown in FIGS. 15 (b) and (c).

Figures 16 (a) and (b): Retractable cover When the mechanism of movement of Figure 15 (a) is placed at the lowest height (smallest form factor), the cover protecting the screen and drive is also retracted Should. The cover is divided into three parts: middle, top and bottom. The intermediate cover has four sides with an open top and bottom. The top cover has only the lower side open. There is only an open top on the bottom cover. In the retracted mode, when the upper cover slides to cover, the outside of the intermediate cover and the lower cover slide to the inside of the intermediate cover. Reversing the inside or outside arrangement has the same effect.
Figures 17 (a) (perspective view) and (c) (side view) show photographs of a prototype with a retracted mode cover. FIG. 17B (perspective view) and FIG. 17D (side view) show the enlarged mode.

The cover can further include a few preferred features:
18 (a), (b), (c) and FIGS. 19 (a), (b), (c):
(1) When the upper and lower covers are enlarged, they need to be tightened in place. For example, this can be accomplished by use of a built-in strip spring mechanism near each of the four corners of the intermediate cover. When the cover is expanded above and below the strip spring, the diagonal strip acts as a stop to prevent the cover from slipping (FIG. 18 (b)). By pressing the strip, the cover can be tightened. Further, the upper and lower covers cannot become separated from the intermediate cover. For example, this can be accomplished by the use of built-in slots and built-in keys for the middle cover in the top and bottom covers. These built-in features can be easily made with a plastic cover by a process such as injection molding.
FIGS. 20A and 20B:
(2) It is preferred that the motor that drives the movement of the screen can only be started after the upper and lower covers are expanded and locked in position. That is, safety mechanisms are preferred to avoid activating screen movement when the cover does not provide sufficient space. For example, FIGS. 20 (a) and (b) illustrate such a switch. Two switches of this type can be used, one controlled by the lower cover and one controlled by the upper cover. The two switches can be connected in series to the motor power source. If the upper or lower cover is away from the position, the motor will stop.

Projection path:
FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate the first preferred position of the projector unit. To reduce the size of the entire system, the projector unit is placed next to the moving screen unit. This position places the projector on one edge of the screen. The reflector (folding mirror A) folds the projection path so that the projection beam reaches the screen from the back side. The folding mirror A is attached to the extension arm of the rotary joint. The extension arm attaches to another rotary joint projector unit (or alternatively to a moving screen unit). That is, most of the projection path is the “outer surface” of the system package and cover. The purpose of this deployment is to minimize the size of the entire system for portable products. The external reflector can be folded down when not in use.

Under this projection path arrangement, the entire display system can further include the following features:
FIG. 21 (a) (rotary arm and other parts not shown for clarity)
(1) System base frame integrated or attached to a projector unit as an extended heat sink: In general, LEDs are used as a light source for a projector unit. In the portable LED projector industry routine, the entire projector packaging is attached to the LED heatsink as a heatsink. Projector unit packaging connects to the base frame of the mechanical mechanism (generally made of metal, such as aluminum) so that the whole system frame can be used as an extended heat sink (using a heat conductive coupling) Can)
(2) When a moving thin wedge prism is used (for rapid focus adjustment), the prism is attached to one end (EE) of the auxiliary connecting rod and placed in space between the SLM and the projection lens Can do. This situation is similar to FIG. 13 because there is a 90 degree phase difference in the auxiliary connecting rod and in the screen.
(3) The motorized drive unit and projector unit can be placed at the opposite end.

Optical design for switching between V3D mode and full panel 2D mode:
Tsao Japanese Patent Application 2011/237939 describes illumination and projection optical conversion for multi-mode operation, where an SLM (Spatial Light Modulator) is illuminated as a whole or as a separate, isolated sub-panel. Here, the design of the exit optics (ie the optics used after the projection lens) is for projecting the image frame onto the screen in the correct orientation.
Figure 21 shows the first example of the basic light path, orientation requirements, and layout for conversion.
FIG. 21 (b): The SLM has separate and isolated sub-panels. This is mainly due to the V3D mode. The dichroic reflector set (DR) superimposes the sub-panel images on one. Reflectors FM C and FM B guide the projection beam to FM A. The superimposed sub-panel image frames are matched to the aspect ratio of the display volume.
FIG. 21 (c): In 2D mode, the full panel image should be projected best for the quality of the 2D image. The projected full frame needs to be turned 90 degrees to match the screen orientation. Here, FM D replaces DR and reflects the beam down to FM C instead of horizontally to FM B. This way, the projected image frame reaches the preferred orientation screen.
The FM B can be rotated about a hinge so that it can be placed at an appropriate angle or closed. FM D and DR can be attached to the slide so that they can be placed according to the display mode. FM D, FM C and DR can all be hidden within the thin projector unit example.
Figure 63 shows a second example layout. Fig. 63 (a) 2D rear projection mode. Figure 63 (b) shows the 2D front projection mode. Fig. 63 (c) V3D mode. The conversion is performed with two foldable reflectors (FM B and FM C), sliding a unified slide. In the 2D front projection mode, the projection direction x (-x) is a big difference from the example in Fig. 21. This is achieved by the reflector FM D direct down-folding. Furthermore, the reflector FMC of Fig. 21 is not used here. In the alternative design of Fig. 63 (c), FMC is added or the layout is changed to the layout of Fig. 21 (b).

With the technique of “pattern illumination” (see Tsao Japanese Patent 4605337), the pixels of the different sub-panels of the SLM can also be defined as closely interconnected groups. In this case, a “pattern plate” is used instead of an “opening plate”. The light source illuminates the pattern plate. The pattern plate is successively used as a new light source and projected onto the SLM. The pattern plate under illumination forms a light pattern. One example uses a pattern plate to create a 2D array of fine light spots as a light pattern, such as a 2D array of microlenses. In this case, the projector unit may not require the dichroic reflector to be placed at the exit optics. In both V3D mode and 2D full panel mode, except in the 2D full panel mode instead of the light pattern where the SLM should be illuminated (in summary) with uniform light, the optical (DR Without) can be used. This can be achieved by adding a diffusing element (such as diffusing glass), just after the pattern plate, to homogenize the light pattern, or by adding a lens to create a slightly defocused light pattern. The Thus, the only movable element is a diffuser or an additional lens. All other optical components can be kept unchanged. Thus, precise alignment of the light pattern to the pixels is not disturbed.
Figure 62 Shows the idea. The pattern plate 7110 is used for a new light source and projected onto the SLM. The pattern plate under illumination forms the light pattern 7100. One example uses a pattern plate to create a 2D array 7101p of fine light spots as an optical pattern, such as a 2D array of microlenses. The light pattern is projected onto the SLM 7101 through the lens 7120. As shown in FIG. 62B, a light spot 7101p is placed on the selected pixel. When the diffusing element 7300 is placed behind the pattern plate, the projected pattern will also diffuse. The resulting light spot 7101p is diffused and expanded. Many pixels are covered with light spots. SLM lighting is homogenized. 62 (c) and (d). Similar results can be achieved by placing the lens 7500 after the pattern plate 7110. The lens 7500 changes the position of the projection light pattern 7101. Focus image, placed at a distance of 7900 from the SLM. Therefore, you will receive SLM diffuse lighting. As shown in FIG.

The following table summarizes the conversion of optical components in different display modes under different lighting methods or designs.
If a moving wedge prism is not used, the projector unit can be placed in a different position relative to the moving screen unit. For example, FIGS. 22 (a) and 22 (b) 22 illustrate a second preferred projection path arrangement.

Improved tint external cover and high contrast:
The protective cover is basically transparent so that the V3D image can be seen from almost all directions. To enhance the high contrast of the image, a common method is to use a gray tint with a transparent cover. However, because of the current stretchable, very compact cover design (Figs. 16 and 17) should have a curvature to minimize most areas of the top cover should be flat or very small system Should. This creates a problem of reduced brightness at shallow viewing angles. See the explanation in FIG. The top cover can be made to minimize this effect at the expense of increased system thickness in a bent shape.
An alternative is not to add a bent, shaded flex sheet that is removable as an overlay to keep the top cover flat and transparent preferred. FIG. 24 describes the design. The flexible sheet can be a 0.010 inch thick vinyl-like transparent plastic sheet, a tint film, or a gray sheet. FIG. 17e shows a photograph of the shaded flexible sheet cover on the prototype.

Shading and black background:
FIG. 25 illustrates a black background sheet and top shading that can further enhance the visibility of the V3D image under high ambient lighting conditions. The seat is removable. The upper shading function is to block strong ambient light. The black background is to provide a black background along the line of sight so that the displayed image is not confused with the bright objects of the background environment. The sheet can be made of thin flexible plastic or even paper. In the carrying mode, the sheet can be folded or removed for storage.

Figure 26: Details of main rotary arm + main moving shaft + bearing + main connecting rod assembly (assemblies like auxiliary rotating arm and auxiliary connecting rod are similar)
For low cost and ease of assembly, connecting rod sleeve bearings (flat bearings) are preferred for moving shafts. The bearing block can be made by fistula with a low wear bearing material such as Acetron, Aceter, Le or Ertalyte TX. The bearing block can be attached to the connecting rod, by using screws or glue. The jig can hold the moving shaft at the correct center distance in parallel, when the bearing block and connecting rod are installed. The bearing block and connecting rod unit can also be integrated as a single component. The spacing between the two bearing holes should be kept accurate in this case.

Preferred Material for Translucent Screen Film In FIG. 6, the screen 2032 includes a thin translucent film 2038 of a supporting backing structure 2037. Any thin, translucent, diffusive film can be used as the screen film. In particular, microporous membrane films have light weight and good optical quality properties for screen films. For example, a single layer polypropylene membrane made by Celgard Celgard 2400 of Charlotte North Carolina has a porosity of 35% and a thickness of 25 micrometers. Its diffusive properties are close to standard diffusive opal glass. It also has good tensile strength and does not deform significantly under load.

Ultra-lightweight screen group structure Figure 27 (a):
Using a screen film such as Celgard 2400, an ultralight screen group structure can be created. The screen support structure frame 2701 is no longer a 2037 shoebox cover. The new support structure frame 2701 includes three beams that form a rectangular frame with connecting rods. A narrow lateral strip area 2702 forms the edge of the frame. Supporting structural frames with connecting rods and rims can be manufactured by injection molding from the same plastic or as other plastic process integrated parts. By reinforcing the extra thickness of the bent shape and the joint area 2703, the structure can keep the deformation in all directions to a minimum while maintaining the minimum weight. The screen film can be edged to tension if possible. Such a screen group structure keeps the frame weight to a minimum. Most areas of the screen contain only a thin screen film. Our tests and analysis showed that as long as the screen film size is 4-5 inches diagonal, the maximum vertical deformation of the film for inertia or air drag is only a very small distortion of the V3D image to cause.
FIG. 27 (b):
For larger size screens, a thin transparent plastic sheet with a preformed shape can be used as a support structure under the screen film. The basic idea is to use a pre-formed shape to provide structural strength without using thick materials. At the same time the transparency and the shape of the sheet have the least distortion in the projection beam.
FIG. 27 (b) is similar to FIG. 27 (a) with the exception of a bent transparent sheet 2704 that provides an arch-like support to the further structure. The raised portion of the arch, line 2705 is at the same level as edge 2702. Thus, screen film has an additional support line in the middle. This allows for larger size screen films without significant deformation during screen movement.
For much screen size, the transparent support structure can be corrugated in the projected image to provide multiple support lines without significant effects. (See section 4)
It is important to keep the mass of the screen group small. The smaller mass of the screen group requires a smaller counterweight of the rotary arm. Therefore, the size of the mechanical mechanism can be kept smaller.

If the rapid variable focus mechanism is not used:
The variable focus mechanism can be omitted if the projection lens can provide sufficient depth of focus. In such cases, connecting rod B or auxiliary connecting rod need not carry a moving thin wedge prism. In the case of a 90 degree phase difference mechanism between the main rotary arm and the auxiliary rotary arm, the function of connecting rod B or auxiliary connecting rod is due to the relationship of the “compound cross parallel crank” mechanism (FIGS. 11 and 15a). Absolutely.

LED light source operation signal pattern:
This applies to any projector-based V3D display system using LEDs as the light source.
When LEDs are used to drive each LED lamp, it is preferred by pulse signal as light source, especially when battery is used as power source. This allows for the highest peak currents, reduces load on power circuit components and extends battery life.
In 2D projection mode, color images are generated in the order of field sequential, R, G, and B colors that illuminate the display panel. That is, the illumination of each color pulses.
However, in V3D mode, the above technique cannot be used because each frame of the V3D image requires (or almost simultaneously) three primary colors. A simple approach is to drive R, G, B, 3 LEDs with the same pulsed waveform. For example, FIG. 14 (a) illustrates a 2/3 usage rate waveform. FIG. 14 (b) illustrates a waveform with a usage rate of 1/3. However, the preferred method is to use the phase difference between R, G and B waves. For example, FIG. 14C uses the same 2/3 usage rate waveform, but the three colors have a phase difference of 1/3 period of the wave. As a result, the load is always only 2/3 of the peak load in FIG. Similarly, at any time in FIG. 14 (d), the load is only 1/3 of the peak load in FIG. 14 (b). In these, the “phase difference waveform” is the duration of the lowest frame of the display system of three consecutive pulses (R, G, B) V3D so that each single frame still contains R, G and B colors. It should have a combined period shorter than the period Tf.

[3. Compact system of product configuration]
The compact system described above can be part of a stand-alone product. They can also be an accessory system to a computing host system or a product extension of a modular projector system. In such cases, the design for being compact is considered along with the host system or modular system.

As an accessory V3D display system to the host computer system Figure 28:
The block diagram shows a simple modular configuration of the V3D display system. When using only the accessory V3D display system, the host computer system connects to the accessory V3D display at connectors B and C at the interface or communication module. The V3D image processing module is a rendering engine that changes 3D geometric primitive data (triangles, lines, points, etc.) to be updated to “vector” data. Vector data is a word of data to be written on the source of the image of a projector module, such a digital micromirror device (DMD). Vector data usually contains “changes” in the content of the image. The volume buffer memory unit includes a storage that stores the entire volume of current image data to be displayed in the display volume. If there is a function suitable for the host computer system, V3D image processing may be performed (rendered) by the host system. In this case, the accessory V3D display does not require a V3D image processing module. The host system can output 3D “vector” data to connector A with a high-speed interface module. For 2D image data, the existing regular DMD control chipset can be used. Mode controller is a switching circuit such as Mux / deMux unit (Multiplexer or Demultiplexer), 2D image controller module or volume buffer memory unit, from user (by switch) or from software and control Take the DMD connected.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of using a portable game device (Nintendo 3DS) as a host system, which can be a display portable V3D game device with an accessory V3D. The accessory V3D display uses the control of the 3DS system as a user interface and can use a 3DS's computer central processing unit.
Smart cell phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, PCs and other computer systems can also use the accessory V3D display, depending on the host system and accessories such as USB or WiFi etc.

As a product expansion system with an embedded projector, some portable devices have embedded pico projectors, such as mobile phones, tablet computers and notebook computers. That is, the host computer and the 2D projector are already in the same system. For these types of products, a cost-effective way to extend functionality to V3D games or displays is to design modular products with expansion capabilities.

Figure 30: Electronics block diagram system 3701 with an embedded projector having the functionality of a modular product extension The system 3701 is a device with an embedded 2D projector. Using a DMD-based projector as an example, the embedded projector unit 3705 is basically similar to any 2D DMD projector except for a convertible lighting module 3706. The convertible illumination module 3706 has the ability to change the optical configuration of illumination between sub-panel illumination and 2D full panel illumination. Details of such illumination conversion are described in Tsao Japanese Patent Application 2011/237939 (US Patent Application 13 / 271,701). Instead, according to Case 1 in Table 1, the projector can also use regular illumination (ie full panel illumination), ie for V3D projection, omitting module 3706.

To extend system capability to V3D displays, an Electronic Extension Unit (EEU) 3702 and an Optical Mechanical Extension Unit (Opto-Mechanical Expansion Unit, OMEU) 3703 are added to the system 3701. The EEU contains the electronics necessary to process and store V3D image data. The OMEU includes a convertible exit optical module 3707 that changes the exit screen optics between a moving screen unit and 2D and V3D projection modes.
The block diagram in FIG. 30 is basically the same as the block diagram in FIG. 28 as a whole. However, in FIG. 30, EEU and OMEU are modular. These modules can be made as expansion products. These modules can be made as expansion products. Customers interested only in 2D projection can purchase 3701 only the original system without paying extra V3D functionality. If the customer decides to expand their device to V3D games and displays, they may purchase EEU and OMEU as additional devices.
FIG. 32 illustrates an example of how EEU and OMEU can be added to the original system. In general, portable devices with embedded projectors place projections output in two basic orientations: along the length parallel to the length of the device (FIG. 31 (a)) or the device (FIG. 31 (b) Projection along the direction). In either case, it is convenient to place a projection lens near the corner.

FIG. 32 (a): V3D product extension corresponding to the original system of FIG. 31 (a). The convertible exit optical module 3707 includes a set of dichroic reflectors (DR_e) and a reflector FM_BB. The OMEU is attached to the original system 38A by a bracket or frame (not shown). The EEU is inserted into an expansion connector on the side of the original system.
FIG. 32 (c): system of FIG. 32 (a) in 2D projection mode. DR_e is pushed aside so that the projection beam exits the system.
FIG. 32 (b): V3D product extension corresponding to the original system of FIG. 31 (b). The convertible exit optical module 3707 basically uses only one set of dichroic reflectors (DR_e). The reflector FM_CC is pushed aside.
FIG. 32D: the system of FIG. 32B in the second D projection mode. FM_CC turns to reflect the projection beam from the system in position. In addition, the OMEU (ie V3D moving screen display) is shown folded under the configuration.
The EEU can also be mechanically attached to the OMEU to be a unit that requires a single product extension. FIG. 32 (e) illustrates such an arrangement for the original system of FIG. 31 (a) and FIG. 39 (f) illustrates such an arrangement for the original system of FIG. 31 (b).

      In addition to the built-in projector construction, certain types of systems use removable projector modules (like some phone). The product extension design described above also applies to such systems. The product extension design described above also applies to the original system, which is just a 2D projector. In such a case, an external host system is necessary to play a V3D game.

[4. Compact desktop system]
For larger size V3D displays, increased screen support weight can cause more severe vibrations if a one-sided driving approach is applied. Driving with a rotating arm on both sides (eg two arms on each side) allows a symmetrical design that can reduce vibration and the required counterweight.
The present invention solves the problem of “middle” jumping or noise by devising the mechanism and design of the following features:
(1) A balanced screen and support that eliminates the effects of undesirable torque constitutes.
(2) Caused by an inevitable scale or assembly error due to a mechanical relaxation mechanism that accommodates possible changes in center-to-center distance.
(3) Associated with (1) and (2), the required balance and mechanical relaxation design of the screen and support constitutes a “parallel relaxation and balance mechanism”.
(4) A moving screen mechanism that does not require a long moving shaft, thereby providing more usable space under the screen, allowing the design of a compact display system.
(5) Synchronization mechanism on both sides and driving mechanism on both sides.
The result is a compact, smooth and quiet moving screen (display surface) system.

[4.1 Desktop system mechanism]
It is preferred that the rotary reciprocating screen mechanism be operated on both sides. FIG. 33 illustrates an example assembly. The motor 560 drives a common operating shaft 550 that drives the rotary arms (510A, etc.) on both sides through the timing belt 540. This drive also maintains the synchronization of movements on both sides.
FIGS. 34 (a) and (b):
It is also preferred that the screen surface is high above the plane of the moving central axis (moving CA, the axis connecting the corresponding moving shafts on both sides) so that the display volume is not obstructed by the rotating arm. In this case, the screen group itself (including the screen 2032, the support frame 3302 and the balance structures 3301R and 3301L) should be balanced so that the center of gravity stays in the plane of the movement center axis. This eliminates the undesirable torque effects of the Iwahara system, as shown in the force diagrams of FIGS. 35 (a) and (b).

After a group of screens are self-balancing, there are two preferred approaches to solving the aforementioned “jumping over” problem.
Approach 1: Parallel Crosss Cross Compound (PCCC)
In this approach, there is a mechanism similar to FIG. 15 (a) on both sides of the moving screen. The PCCC mechanism unambiguously prevents the position of moving parts (crank, or arm and articulation) through the middle. This approach can be any valid acquisition space on both sides. This approach also requires precise scale tolerances to match the center-to-center distance between the moving shaft and the main axis.

Approach 2: Larger scale tolerances are desirable to reduce costs using a center-to-center relaxation mechanism. In this case, a center-to-center distance relaxation mechanism can be used to allow slight changes in the center-to-center distance between the moving shafts during rotation of the mechanism.
When the rotary arm is fitted with only the timing belt and gear, the single relaxation mechanism at one end of the group of screens (such as the slot is a linear bearing), as illustrated in FIG. Does not work well. (FIG. 35 (c) illustrates only two arms on one side. There is the same structure on the opposite side.) The reason is also illustrated by the arrows indicating the force diagram in FIG. 35 (c). Centrifugal force 920 generated by the rotation of the group of screens produces the force of the moving shaft with the rotary arm. In the vertical direction, the force can be spread evenly (921). However, in the lateral direction, an arm without a relaxation bearing must take all the forces (ie 922) because a single relaxation bearing does not take a lateral force. Thus, the forces of the two arms and the torque generated are different. This results from non-smooth rotation.

36 (a), (b) and (c):
The solution is to make a group of screens in two separate parts of equal mass (3501 (gray part), 3502 (white part)) and move slightly by connecting the two parts with bearings (3511, 3512) It is to do each other in two possible relative parts, allowing linear motion. Further, the rear moving shaft (msB) is attached to the gray portion 3501 (fixed or with a bearing), and the white moving portion 3502 (fixed or with a bearing) to the front moving shaft (msF). As a result, when the portion 3501 moves lightly to the right of the portion 3502, the center-to-center distance C decreases as described in (a). In (b), part 3501 moves lightly to the left of 3502 due to the part causing a greater center-to-center distance C. The two-part centroids (CM1, CM2) are placed such that the combined centroid is still in the plane of the moving shaft. Since the front moving shaft and the rear moving shaft are separately attached to the two parts of the group of screens of equal mass, the generated centrifugal force generated by the two moving shafts is equal (or with two rotary arms), and The torque produced is approximately equal. This is illustrated in FIG. This makes the rotation smooth and quiet. For convenience, this mechanism for rotary reciprocating screens is referred to as a “parallel relaxation and balance mechanism”.

Implementation of two examples of the parallel relaxation and balance mechanism design concept of FIG. 36 will be described later.
FIG. 37 (Example 1)
This design has a high screen similar to that of FIG. The design is illustrated in the three views of FIGS. 37 (a), (b) and (c). Looking at the right side only, the balancing structure 3301R includes a set of flexure bearings 3601. In kinematics, there are two parts to a balanced structure. Part A (3301RA) (enclosed by the dash line) contains most of the volume and weight of structure 3301R. Part B (3301RB) is the remainder of structure 3301R. Part B is fixed to the support frame 3302. Part B, support frame 3302 and the screen are the first part of two parts of equal mass of the group of screens. Part A is the second part of two parts of equal mass of a group of screens. By using a shim 9361 between part B and frame 3302, a thin gap 9362 is created between balance structure 3301R and frame 3302. As a result, the entire structure allows a small relative movement between part A and part B by the function of the flexure bearing.
The flexure bearing can be a built-in type, as shown in FIG. The whole balancing structure with flexible bearings can be made of aluminum or engineering plastic. Alternatively, the flexible bearing can be made from another leaf spring 3602 as shown in FIG. 37 (d). Rubber springs are another possibility. In either case, the change in the center-to-center distance c is kept small within the elastic range limit.

38, 39, and 40 (Example 2)
This design uses a set of balance structures 3301 and a linear bearing unit 3701 between the screen support frame 3302 to allow relative displacement between the two parts. In FIG. 38 (a), when the structure 3301 moves slightly to the left of the frame 3302, the center-to-center distance C decreases. In FIG. 38 (b), the structure 3301 moves slightly to the right of 3302 due to the frame causing a larger center-to-center distance C.
FIG. 38C illustrates an exploded parts arrangement diagram of linear bearing units. The unit has two parts (3701A and 3701B) that can be attached to two parts of the screen group respectively. When the parts are assembled, the linear bearing 3702 slides on the rod 3703. FIG. 38 (d) illustrates the assembled bearing unit. The moving shaft is fitted with part B (3701B). Part A (3701A) has an aperture 3704 to allow displacement of the moving shaft.

FIG. 39 (a) illustrates a plan view of a group of screens on which the assembled rotary arms (3803A-D) are mounted. FIG. 39 (b) illustrates the view of one end (half) (symmetric). The group of screens contains two separate parts of equal mass: a gray part and a white part. The white portion includes screen 2032, screen support 3302A, and screen support frames 3302L and 3302R. The white part also contains a part of the linear bearing unit 3701 (3701A or 3701B, depending on the position). The gray part includes balance structures 3301L and 3301R and part of linear bearing units. In rotation, the white portion exerts force on arms 3803A and 3803B, while the gray portion exerts force on arms 3803C and 3803D.
The drive of FIG. 33 operates on both sides together and maintains the synchronization between the two sides, but deviations from the synchronization between the two sides are avoided in actual operation, due to assembly and gear and belt mechanical errors I can't. Thus, a flex structure between the two sides that accommodates this deviation from perfect synchrony is preferred. In FIG. 39, this is accomplished by attaching a linear bearing unit 3701 to a screen unit (including screen 2032, support 3302A, frames 3302L, 3302R) by a flexural cushion 3802 such as a rubber cushion. Similarly, in FIG. 37 (Example 1), the screen 2032 is attached to the screen support frame 3302 by a flexible tape 3611 which may be an adhesive or other adhesive means rubber or plastic tape. FIG. 34 (c) shows a slightly different screen and support frame design (one end view). The screen has a bent shape 2032A on the left and right ends (with support material) that increases the stiffness of the screen or support material and reduces deformation during rotation. In this case, the flexural tape 3611 is attached at the vertical end of the bent backing to join the support frame 3302.

It is preferable to use a short, separate transfer shaft on each rotary arm, instead of a corresponding connecting arm on a long transfer shaft on different sides. As shown in FIG. 34 (a), this method enables the use of a space 900 surrounded by a track of a moving central axis (moving CA). Projector units and other parts can be placed under this screen in this space. A similar design is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 39, the short moving shaft 3805 rotates with a bearing 3801 attached to the rotary arm. Ball bearings or sleeve bearings can be used.
If the screen is not too high above the plane of the moving central axis, it can be used to move the shafts connecting the corresponding arms on different long sides. This is illustrated in FIG. In this case, the bearing 3801 is attached to a group of screens instead of a rotary arm. The long moving shaft 3806 is fixed to the corresponding arm on different sides. In rotation, a group of screens with bearings ride on two long moving shafts.

      Section 1 described “Sector (3b) Balance”, which is useful in driving screens in one aspect. It should be noted that this “balance” department (3b) may be useful in the case of two-sided operation. By balancing the torque towards bending the main axis of rotation, the “Balance Division (3b)” reduces the internal pressure within the rotary reciprocating screen mechanism. As a result, the mechanism and machine frame can be made of lighter and thinner parts, contributing to reduced total weight and material costs.

[4.2 Display mode adjustment mechanism]
FIG. 41A illustrates the layout of the subsystems of the compact desktop system. The group of screens is similar to the design shown in FIG. Accordingly, the projector unit 2010 can be placed under the screen. The image is projected by the projection lens 305 on a screen that passes through the optical unit 3109 at the exit, the mirror FM B, and the mirror FM A. Since the screen is tall, the support frame (3302) and balance structure (3301R, 3301L) are on both sides of the projector unit during rotation. So the projection path is mainly folded parallel to the yz plane. Also, any manual adjustment should be accessed from the y + (or y) direction, such as projection lens focus or operating mode switching.
Changing operation mode includes adjusting the optical configuration of the outlet.
FIG. 41C illustrates the configuration of the optical unit at the exit of the V3D mode. The mirror FM E reflects the projection beam onto a set of dichroic reflectors (DR_e). So the sub-panel image frames are overlaid with an orientation that matches the orientation of the screen.

FIG. 41 (d) illustrates the configuration of the optical unit at the exit in the rear projection mode (full panel projection). FM E turns 90 degrees so that the projection beam is directed to FM B by reflectors FM D and FM C. The projected image is matched to the full panel, screen orientation. The rotation of FM E can be performed by a mechanism that can be rotated about axis 3101. The mechanism can be accessed from the y + direction. A similar mechanism can be used to adjust the focus of the projection lens.
FIG. 41B illustrates the configuration of the optical unit at the exit in the front projection mode (full panel projection). FM E is pushed to the side and FM B rolls so that the projection beam can exit the entire system directly. FM B is on the hinge so that the angle can be adjusted as needed. To push FM E aside, a lever mechanism can be added to turn the direction of axis 3101 in direction 3102 and push FM E in the direction of x +.

[4.3 Product concept]
The “product extension” concept and modular design described in Section 3 can be applied here to desktop systems that assume the original system (the underlying system) is a 2D projector without a built-in host system.
FIG. 42 (a): Customers can purchase a projector (base system) for multimedia or home theater usage without paying for extra V3D functionality. If the customer decides to play a V3D game, then they may purchase EEU and OMEU (and game controllers) that change the base system to product expansion, a multi-mode projection system (FIG. 42 (b)). Such a system can use a game console or PC (or other computer system) to play V3D games as a host system.

[4.4 Large screen support structure]
In FIGS. 34 and 37, the screen 2302 relies primarily on the stiffness of the sheet material when under load of motion to maintain shape. Because of the larger size for the sheet inertia, and the screen of the load itself, the sheet can be deformed considerably if the sheet thickness is kept the same. However, increasing sheet thickness significantly increases the undesirable mass.
For larger size screens, a pre-shaped thin transparent plastic sheet can be used as a support structure under the screen film. The basic idea is to use a pre-formed shape to provide structural strength without using thick materials. At the same time, transparency and shape have the least distortion effect on the projection beam. The transparent support structure can be corrugated to provide multiple support lines without significant effects in the projected image.
FIG. 43 (a) illustrates the creation of a corrugated structure 3120 of a transparent thin plastic sheet used to support a thin screen film 2038. FIG. Supporting the screen film area with two adjacent ridges (wave peaks) and edges (not shown) on the side (not shown), with a rotation acceptable deformation when in any individual area supported such as 2038A There is a small area that can be. The entire screen film 2038 is a large area.

FIG. 43 (b): Pitch (P) to height (H) ratio details are designed for best optical properties. Problem: If the projection beam rays move through the corrugated structure, the fraction of the rays Is reflected. If the reflected ray from one waveform curve hits this adjacent waveform curve, the ghost image may be formed at the wrong location on the screen film if it passes through the adjacent waveform curve.
Solution: An anti-reflection coating on the underside of the corrugated structure may be useful. Alternatively, the ratio of pitch to height of the corrugated structure can be designed to prevent any reflection from hitting the corrugated structure according to the angle of the projection beam.
In FIG. 43 (b), 3121 is the outermost ray of the projection beam (having the largest angle relative to the vertical or ray) (assuming the projection is in the z direction). . In general, increasing P / H ratios can move adjacent wave valleys (point G) further away from the reflected ray 3122. The ray 3122 reflected when the ray 3121 hits the inflection point (F) of the waveform curve has an angle closest to the horizon. The P / H ratio defines an angle β which is the positive direction of the surface reflected at point F. The angle of ray 3122 can be determined from angle α and angle β. By placing a safe distance between ray 3122 and point G, the reflection does not hit the curve of the adjacent wave.

[5. Active screen compact system]
An active screen volumetric 3D display is described in the details of Tsao US Pat. No. 8,822,895. That is, the system uses the plane of the active display as a moving display surface instead of a simple screen. The plane of the active display comprises the active display elements (pixels). Each light's emission / reflection / transmission can be switched individually for each active element. New details and improvements are described in the following aspects.
[5.1 Active screen support and synchronization and driving mechanism]
Although the description in the previous section mainly includes a projection-based volumetric 3D display, many features can be applied to an active screen volumetric 3D display. For example, a mechanism for driving a screen can also be applied to drive an active screen, such as a lightweight OLED panel. Thin form factor designs and stretchable covers (including locks and safety features) are also appropriate. In the product concept, except for the front projection mode, all other modes are also suitable for active screen V3D displays.
Tsao Japanese Patent Application 2011/237939 (US Patent Application 13 / 271,701) describes the use of touchpads for image interaction and repositioning parallax barrier panels for autostereoscopic 3D displays. They also apply to active screen V3D displays.

IMPORTANT: All balancing techniques described in the previous section and the mechanism of center-to-machine center relaxation apply also to active screen V3D displays. Mechanisms and methods for placing and installing moving screens also apply to the active screen. In general, all the techniques described above including “screen” also apply to “active screens” (except for those associated with image projection).
In particular, the active screen may use a radioactive display panel, such as an OLED panel. Such a panel has a mass greater than the thin plastic support thin film used in V3D displays with a simple screen projection based. If possible, the active display panel should be well supported to minimize pressure caused by rotary reciprocating motion.

FIG. 44 illustrates a support frame embodiment for an active screen. Reference numeral 4137 denotes a support structure similar to 2037 in FIG. However, there is an integrated truss structure (framework) of I-beams 4138 under the surface of the shallow shoebox cover. Thus, the support structure can have minimal deformation in all directions of rotary reciprocating motion. The active screen is attached to the backing structure, using a compliant adhesive, with flexible foam tape providing an additional layer of cushion.
We prefer to support the active screen unit on both sides to minimize the effect of bending the torque caused by support from only one side. (The active screen unit is an active screen and support structure assembly, including connecting rods and bearings on two sides (4105L and 4105R) (see below).) This is done by two operating configurations Can do.

FIG. 45: Running on one side but using a long moving shaft for support on both sides This configuration is similar to that of FIG. However, long moving shafts (4106B and 4106F) are used to support the connecting rods (4105L, 4105R) on both the L side and the R side by using bearings (4101A-D). With this configuration, the active screen unit itself accepts minimal bending, but all bending torque is transferred to the fixed joint between the main moving shaft and the rotating arm. Balancing can be done by the procedure described in section 1, section 2, balancing department (3) in particular. The advantage of this configuration is that there is a minimum view obstruction on the L side, just as in FIG.

Figure 46: Driving on both sides using synchronization belt and gear system, C-shaped machine base frame The driving challenge on both sides of the compact configuration is to avoid the view-blocking structure and make the synchronization mechanism compact as well is there. In these respects, the configuration of FIG. 3 works primarily for high screens. Due to the non-high screen of the thin V3D display (ie the screen does not rise above the moving central axis), the machine frames (shaft-gear-belt housing) on both sides can obstruct the view part. Since the timing belts on both sides of the machine block the view part if the screen is not high, the synchronization mechanism in FIG. 33 (550, 540 etc.) works also mainly for desktop systems with high screens. Another problem is the overall size in the z direction.

FIG. 46 illustrates the preferred thin mechanism for driving a rotary reciprocating screen on both sides. For clarity, the moving parts are drawn separately on the machine base frame 4310. Furthermore, since the mechanism on the front side is basically the same, only the details on the rear side are shown. The right (R) side of the machine base frame 4310 is similar to that shown in FIG. However, the structure further extends to the left (L) side and forms a “C-shape” with beams 4310BE and 4310FE. The “C-shaped” open space 4391 is to minimize the view disturbance on the left side of the structure. Thus, the l-side frame 4310BL (and 4310FL) need only have a length to accommodate the bearing for the main shaft of the axis 4320. To avoid parts obstructing the view on the L side, it is not preferred to use a timing belt or a “composite crossed parallel crank” mechanism (eg, FIG. 15 (a)) for front and rear simultaneity. Thus, LR simultaneity is maintained by a common shaft (4301B) with a set of timing gears (4302R, 4302L, 4303A, 4303B) and a belt (4304). (The mechanism on the front side is similar.) When the moving parts are assembled to the machine base frame, the axis 4320a corresponds to the axis 4320 and the axis 4321a corresponds to the axis 4321. That is, the common axis 4321 is at the same horizontal level as the main shaft axis 4320. By further using small diameter gears, the overall size of this configuration in the z direction can be minimized. Besides timing belts, gear trains can also be used. Thus, LR simultaneity can be maintained. With regard to simultaneity between the front rotary arm and the rear rotary arm, the “composite cross-parallel crank” mechanism of the auxiliary rotary arm can be used as before on the R side (eg FIG. 15 (a)). )). Alternatively, one additional timing belt and two additional gears (one on the rear main shaft and one on the front main shaft) can be used for R-side synchronization.
Operation: One common shaft, 4301B drive.

[5.2 Data. Interface]
Tsao US Pat. No. 8,822,895 describes a multi-slot (channel) light emitter or receiver data link system for data transmission and communication with a mobile active screen. The system uses the light shield as a divider for the different optical channels. However, such a divider structure is difficult to apply to a thin V3D display system system.
FIG. 48 illustrates a preferred multi-channel light emitter or receiver data link system for an active screen thin V3D display system. Such a shield is not used because there is no space in a thin system to allow light shielding. Instead, in the x direction, the light beam from the emitter is shaped into a narrow beam, by use of a cylindrical lens. In the y direction, a wide divergence angle is maintained. Stationary emitter (and receiver) arrays are placed along the x-direction on the inner surface of the lower cover. An active screen receiver (and emitter) array is also placed under the active screen support frame along the x-direction. This method can always be maintained regardless of the screen position (FIG. 48 (a)) at the emitter receiver link in the y direction. In the x direction, the narrow beam prevents crosstalk between different channels. For best results the receiver around the emitter or the area under the cover and under the active screen unit should be covered with anti-reflection or light-absorbing material to prevent unwanted reflection of the emitter beam It is. Furthermore, the preferred emitter wavelength should be in an invisible range such as the infrared (IR) range.

[5.3 Electronics and layout]
FIG. 47 illustrates a block diagram of the main electronic modules of an active screen thin V3D display system. It is assumed that the system should be used as a display accessory to the host system.
Active screen panel driver electronics drive active screen panel. Tsao U.S. Pat. No. 8,822,895 discloses an active screen panel with fast data. A method for generating a “vector write” V3D image of a “shot by shot” for a light is described. It also describes some designs of driver electronics that can be operated by the “shot by shot” method.
The volume buffer memory unit stores all “image shots” (“vector” data) to be displayed in one rotation of the active screen (two volumes, one sweep below the screen, and one sweep above). Contains memory. The encoder unit detects and tracks the position of the active screen. Depending on the signal generated by the encoder units, the “image shot” data is read in sequence and displayed on the active screen panel. It should be noted that when the active screen moves in a rotary reciprocating motion, the lower swept volume and the upper swept volume cover slightly different space to the combined display volume. Thus, the volume buffer memory unit includes buffer memory for two volumes. In this case, when the V3D animation or motion order is displayed, the continuous volume of the image should be staggered to ensure display of the correct motion order in the two volume buffer memory units.

The system also needs to be able to display 2D images (2D mode). In this 2D mode, the electronics and processing are basically similar to regular 2D display panels. For example, a 2D module can include a codec (CODEC) LSI for image processing (A and B) image compression or decompression. The frame buffer stores one frame of the 2D image. In 2D mode, the active screen panel driver electronics work in a raster scanning or interlaced scanning manner instead of “vector light”. The control signal for addressing the row and column electrodes of the active screen panel is converted (or interwoven) into a raster.
The communication module can use IR (described in Section 5.2) or wireless signals or other signals. In V3D mode, if the first image is loaded and displayed, only image changes need to be transmitted across the two communication modules. This minimizes the data load on the communication module.

      The modules contained in the “Move Active Screen Unit” block are placed in the Move Active Screen Unit. 45 (a) and 45 (c), most of the modules are wrapped in a pack 4201, and attached to the right side of the right connecting rod. This position moves the center of gravity of all active screen units towards the R side. This will help balance. The connection between the active screen and the pack is made by a flexible ribbon or foil connection 4202.

[5.4 Power transmission]
One way of power transfer to the moving active screen unit is to apply the principle of coil mutual induction. (See Halliday and Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, 2nd ed., Pp. 602-603)
Figure 49:
Coil A is on the inside surface of a lower cover. Coil B is under the active screen unit. Coil B need not be the back of the active screen panel. It can also be the underside of the support structure. A current wave generator powered by a battery or power source creates a periodic current through coil A. Due to mutual induction, a time-varying voltage is generated between the two terminals of coil B. Circuit components that rotate with the active screen can be used to regulate and stabilize the voltage to a DC voltage that can be used to power the active screen panel and electronics. This power transfer system works in 2D mode or V3D mode.
By using such a power transfer system, there is no need for direct electrical contact between the moving active screen and the stationary part.

[6. Image display technology]
[6.1 Occlusion visual effects]
In general, V3D images appear to be “transparent” due to the method of image formation. However, due to human visual accommodation and convergence, this transparency does not actually confuse the viewer's understanding of spatial information. This “transparency” level depends on the relative brightness of different parts of the image. The software can pre-select appropriate colors and brightness of different parts of the image to minimize possible disruption or adjust them according to the situation.
Shielding voxel removal (or suppression) can be handled in three ways. These can be explained using the example shown in FIG. The two spheres (6201, 6202) are in the display volume in front of the background plane 6203 and the floor plane 6204. FIG. 50B illustrates a side view in the horizontal direction. 6291 indicates the viewing direction, and 6294 is the line of sight. For simplicity and clarity of explanation, only 2D geometry is considered in FIG. 50 (b). The actual 3D scene can be handled by applying the same principle of multiple xz slices similar to FIG. 50 (b). A 6294 line of sight is drawn passing position to show strategically shielded parts.

Method 1: All scenes (total display volume) are treated as one unit, all blocked parts are removed. For example, the portion 6203b of the background plane 6203 is removed because it is obstructed by two spheres. Another part, for example sphere 6201 and sphere 6202, is obstructed by the front side of sphere 6202, so the portion of N from P to S in sphere 6202 is removed. The result is shown in FIG. 50 (c). This mechanism is basically similar to conventional computer graphics.
Method 2: The problem with Method 1 is that when the user changes his / her line of sight, the user can see a “crack” in the scene for removal of the voxel in the background or back image. Method 2 is one way to accommodate this effect. In this way, the image of each individual property is treated separately so that there are no other properties for the removal of the occluded voxels. Thus, the portion of the sphere 6202 from S to P is retained. The same principle applies to the background plane and the floor plane, so their shielding parts are not removed.
Method 3: In this method, the entire scene is processed as one unit. However, the shielding parts are not removed. Instead, the brightness of the blocked part is dimmed.

50 (c)-(d) illustrate processing in the vertical direction. FIG. 51 (a) illustrates a plan view of the example of FIG. 50 (a) for discussion of processing in the horizontal direction. The three methods described above are still appropriate, except that the situation is slightly more complicated because the two eyes now see the scene from different viewing angles. To apply all three mechanisms, a single viewing angle can be chosen and all line of sight are set to be parallel to each other. FIG. 51 (b) illustrates this state when method 1 is applied. 6295R and 6295L are actual lines of sight. 6296 is a parallel line of sight used for processing. Naturally, the “crack” can be seen by one of the eyes at the end of the property. For example, the area 6299 is not drawn (rendered) and can appear as a “crack” in the right (R) eye (not in the L eye). Area 6298 can appear as a crack in the L eye.
FIG. 51 (c) illustrates treatment in FIG. 51 (b). The basic approach applies three principles:
(1) The area visible by both eyes is preserved;
(2) Both invisible areas are removed;
(3) Areas visible to only one eye are dimmed but not removed (eg, 6203e, 6203f and 6262e).

[6.2 Display of black or dark property:]
One problem associated with occlusion is how to display a black or dark image in front of a lighter background. In such a state of occlusion by a black or dark foreground image, if the approximate viewing direction is known, the voxel can be dimmed or removed completely so that the foreground image appears black or dark.
In addition, we must remember that the visible black object is not really "true black". There are two main reasons that our eyes can see a black property. First, the black property is placed against a lighter background. This allows us to see the outline of the property. Second, there must be non-black marks, dust or non-smooth surface textures or reflections on the target surface, for us to see the shape of the property within the outline.

FIG. 52 (a) illustrates an example similar to FIG. 51 (a), except that one part (6401) of the sphere 6201 has a black color. If all voxels of all images in the display volume are displayed by normal rendering, the black portion will appear as the color from the background instead of black. FIG. 52 (b) is similar to FIG. 51 (b) with the exception that most of the black area has no rendering except for a non-black mark (6401a) which is a small part of the area (ie, black). As a result, the black parts appear to be mainly black, showing the shape of the spherical surface to the non-black marks. That is, the black part “borrows” the black color from the background, creating the illusion of a black sphere in the foreground.
FIG. 53 (a) illustrates an example of whether a black sphere 6501 is placed in front of a background plane. Due to the effect of the two viewing angles of the two eyes, area 6591 is shielded only for the L eye and area 6592 is shielded only for the R eye. Thus, it is not sufficient to precisely define the position of the end of the black sphere by removing the occluded part of the background plane. As a result, the illusion of a black property is not apparent and I am not sure. FIG. 53 (b) illustrates the solution. Areas that are only visible to one eye in the background are removed. The removed images 6591a and 6592a move to the front along the line of sight and are placed on a plane near the black article 6501, for example on the plane NS. As a result, the edge of the black property is now manifesting these relocated non-black areas. These relocated areas block the view into all “black cracks” in the background plane. In addition, because the images may match them in the background (6591a and 6592a) in areas that are relocated when viewed from the designed angle, they are part of the background by illusion.
This “parallel transition” of the background to the foreground black property can also be applied to other properties on the back. This is illustrated in FIG. Reference numeral 6202f denotes a part of the property 6202 moving to the front.

FIG. 55 shows a photograph of a paper model illustrating the above method. An example is displaying a black rectangle (6701) in front of a light colored background 6703. FIG. 55 (a) is a front view showing the designed viewing angle. FIG. 55 (b) shows a photograph from the right of the designed viewing angle showing model construction. A rectangle 6701 consists of an opening 6701a (ie no image) and an edge of a white line surrounding the opening. White lines represent non-black marks on the edges of the rectangle. There is a “translated” background 6703a that has the same light color as the background plane 6703 outside the white trace. The back plane of the background is a black background 6703b (i.e. lightly stripped) to be used for rectangular colors. 6702 is a rectangle painted black to be used as a reference for comparison. FIG. 55A shows a front view. The black color actually comes from the background 6703b, but it looks just like a black rectangle 6701 similar to 6702.
FIG. 56A shows a paper doll 6801 in which a model example, black hair 6802 is mounted on the second paper. FIG. 56A is a front view showing the designed viewing angle. FIG. 56 (b) shows a photograph from the right of the designed viewing angle showing model construction. Black hair is actually an open (ie no image) 6801a with the hair outline. Outside the hair outline is the “translated” background area 6803a. The back plane is the black area 6803b (ie background removed).

In the above method, the eye position needs to be determined first. This can be done in several different ways. Method 1 is to pre-adjust the viewing direction by the user using the software at the beginning of the operation. Method 2 includes Method 1, but also uses a gyrocompass system (orientation sensor) to sense system orientation changes so that the viewing angle can be estimated and adjusted. Method 3 uses a camera to track the user's eye or head position of the handheld device. (Many handheld systems have internal facing cameras)
General process procedure: (Each step is optional and skipped depending on condition and preferred visual effects)
Place the eye position Remove any voxels hidden from both eyes on every individual property, processing any property so that the property is the only one property on the scene Voxel hidden from both eyes on the scene Remove dimming voxels that hide from only one of the two eyes to the scene Process the black or dark part of the rest of the image by the "parallel transition" method of the background It should be noted that it can be applied to volumetric 3D displays.

[7. Related technology: Autostereoscopic 3D display parallax barrier panel as additional device]
Tsao Japanese patent application 2011/237939 (US patent application 13 / 271,701) describes an autostereoscopic 3D display by the technique of “positional parallax barrier”. This technology was designed so that the V3D display has an autostereoscopic 3D display mode. V3D displays are translucent and use a Lambertian rear projection screen. Amber autostereoscopic 3D technology (parallax barrier, lenticular lens, directional backlit LCD or directional illumination using projection) is difficult to apply to diffuse projection screens.
Figure 57:
The solution is to use a “Position-changing parallax barriers” (PCPB) panel in front of the screen and sequentially use frames in the display image.
The “reposition parallax barrier” panel 120 can be switched between a transparent state and an opaque state of selected areas of the panel. Thus, the position of the viewing opening and the barrier array can be varied on the panel. The parallax barrier panel repeats the barrier states in a set. In each barrier state, the viewing opening covers a separate area of the panel. But in combination, all viewing apertures shown in all barrier states cover the full area of the panel.

A set of field frames are displayed on the screen in an order corresponding to the order of the barrier states indicated by the parallax barrier panel. When viewed through the parallax barrier panel with the left eye, these field frames appear as full-frame left-eye images visible only to the left eye. When viewed by the right eye, these field frames appear as full-frame right-eye images visible only to the right eye. The image of the left eye and the image of the right eye form an autostereoscopic image.
This approach has the following unique features:
The barrier can be wide or narrow.
...... When wide barriers are used, the alignment precision requirements are less stringent than that of existing parallax barrier technology.
... When the barrier changes frequency position above the critical fusion frequency of the sight, it will not be visible and will not interfere with the view.
This approach can be used with all kinds of displays, including simple and diffuse screen rear projection.
It allows a wide range of spacing between the barrier panel and the image display (from 1 millimeter under to several centimeters). Thus, the barrier panel need not be closely attached to the screen. That is, the PCPB panel can be used as an additional device to different 2D display devices.

58 (a) and 58 (b): PCPB panels as additional devices to the 2D display device.
As an add-on device to the 2D display device, the PCPB panel system 120AS includes a PCPB panel 120, an electronic system and battery compartment 120EB, and a mounting frame and bracket system. The mounting frame and bracket system includes a mounting bracket 120H1, an arm 120H2 for adjusting the height (ie, the distance between the PCPB panel and the 2D display), and a spring slider system 120H3 for adjusting the mounting force and width. Yes.
59 (a), (b), (c) (side view):
Since there may be different preferred viewing distances for different users, a set of arms at the left end and arms 120H2 at the right end allow the user to adjust the spacing d between the PCPB panel and the 2D display. (The visible distance affects d). The arms also allow the user to play on the PCPB panel when no autostereoscopic 3D image is used (FIG. 59 (c)). In the rest mode, the PCPB panel can be closed (FIG. 59 (b)).
The signal coupling between the PCPB panel and the 2D display can be through a wire or cable 120W. For example, many portable devices are equipped with a USB terminal such as iPhone or PSP. Signal coupling allows the PCPB panel to change the barrier state of simultaneity with changing the field frame displayed on the 2D display. The USB terminal may also provide power to the PCPB panel.

FIG. 59 (d): Alternative signal coupling means Instead of using cables, signal coupling can also use optical links, such as IR or visible light. If the 2D display device does not have a suitable connector or IR terminal, the display screen itself can be used as a signal emitter for synchronization. FIG. 59 (d) shows that there is a photodetector 120S placed next to the mounting bracket in the PCPB panel system and connected through a wire in the bracket and arm in the compartment of the electronic system. The photodetector faces the 2D display and covers a small area 59C in the upper left corner of the 2D display screen.

60 (a), (b), (c):
Each field field frame displayed on the 2D display contains a graphic (optical) signal pattern (59P1, 59P2) in a small area in the upper left corner covered by the photodetector. For example, the field frame A has a white square (59P1), and the field frame B has a black square pattern (59P2). The photodetector can take this signal pattern (FIG. 60 (a)) and generate a wave of signals (FIG. 60 (b)) that induces a change in the state of the PCPB panel barrier.
In the case of a PCPB panel using a three-state barrier, an up-and-down detector can be used to detect the position of the edge of the photodetector change signal. The generated signal (FIG. 60 (c)) can be used to trigger a change in the state of the barrier. Alternatively, two photodetectors can be used to detect two signal patterns for each field frame. In this way, three combinations of signal patterns corresponding to three consecutive field frames can be made. Examples are described later.

FIG. 61 (a) illustrates a method for generating a repositioning barrier for a set of three positions. There is an array of shutter strips on the panel. Each group is divided into three adjacent shutter strips. For example, positions p0-0, p0-1 and p0-2 are group # 0. At any given time, every group has only one shutter strip in the same relative position. For example, in the barrier state 1, only the shutter at the position Pi-0 (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) is opened. Thus, every two adjacent closed shutters form one “wide barrier”. To change the position of the barrier, the position of the open shutter moves across the panel. For example, in the barrier state 2, the opened shutter position moves to the position Pi-1 (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). In barrier state 3, the open shutter position moves to position Pi-2 (i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). From barrier state 1 to barrier state 3, the barrier (and viewing spread) appears to move one strip position (pb / 3) from left to right at a time. That is, the barrier panel has three states instead of two. As a result, the panel has an open width ratio to 2: 1 barrier at all times. Any area of the barrier panel is open for 1/3 of the time.
FIG. 61 (b) illustrates a field frame image strip configuration (FFISO) for three consecutive field frames. These FFISOs represent the contents of image strips to be displayed on a 2D display for three field frames. FFISO1-3 corresponds to barrier states 1-3, respectively. The label of the image strip shows the label of FIG. FFISO1-3 can understand the group image processing of the original 3D frame as an “operator” as a kind of field frame. (Tsao Japanese Patent Application 2011/237939)

In FIG. 61 (b), there are two signal patterns (for example, 60P1-1, 60P2-1, etc.) in each field frame. Two photodetectors (FIG. 61 (c), 120S1 and 120S2) are used to detect these two signal patterns for each field frame. In three consecutive field frames, the signal pattern 60P1 has a black and white order. The signal pattern 60P2 has a black-and-white order. The signals of the two photodetectors are shown in FIG. 61 (d), respectively. As a result, by tracking these two signal patterns (60P1 and 60P2), the corresponding barrier state of the display field frame can always be known. These signals can then be used to generate corresponding trigger signals for changing the barrier state. Those skilled in digital logic design can design detailed circuits based on the above teachings.
Thus, as long as the 2D display device has appropriate software, the PCPB panel addition device can basically use any 2D display device, such as a smart phone or a tablet computer. There is no need for an electrical relationship between the 2D display device and the PCPB panel, and no need for any hardware changes to the 2D display device.

1 shows a volumetric 3D display based on a conventional “rotary reciprocating” screen. The dynamic instability problem of a group of screens (or display surfaces) in a conventional system is described. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an example drive device. The moving screen is shown in a “rotary reciprocating” movement in a perspective view without showing a rotating arm. The layout of “one side and one end” of the present invention is shown. The photograph of the functional model of the layout of “one side and one end” of the present invention is shown. The structure of the functional model shown in FIG. 6 will be described. The structure of the screen (display surface) group of the functional model in FIG. 6 will be described. When the phase difference between the moving prism and the screen group is 180 degrees, the balance consideration of the “one side and one end” layout will be described. When the phase difference between the moving prism and the screen group is 180 degrees, the balance consideration of the “one side and one end” layout will be described. A state of a phase difference of 90 degrees between a moving prism having a layout of “one side and one end” and a screen is shown. The balance consideration of the system of FIG. 11 will be described. 12 shows the projection path of the system of FIG. 2 shows a “phase difference waveform” for operating the light source of the LED of the present invention. The layout of “one side two ends” of the present invention is shown. Figure 16 shows a telescopic cover for the system of Figure 15; (A)-(d) The photograph of the functional model based on the layout of FIG. 15 is shown. The photograph of the flexible sheet | seat of the color of the cover of FIG. 24 on a functional model is shown. Fig. 3 shows the function of placing and locking the extendable cover of the present invention. Fig. 3 shows the function of placing and locking the extendable cover of the present invention. Fig. 4 shows a safety switch for protecting the motor switching of the extendable cover of the present invention. 1 shows a first example of a convertible mechanism for a display mode different from the projection path of a compact system. The arrangement of the projection path for the second preferred “one side two ends” layout is shown. Figure 2 shows a bent shade flex sheet design for high contrast improvement of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a bent shade flex sheet design for high contrast improvement of the present invention. The top shading and black background indicate a means to enhance image visibility under high ambient lighting conditions. Details of the main rotary arm + main moving shaft + bearing + main connecting rod assembly. Explain the structure of a group of ultralight screens. A block diagram of a simple modular configuration of a V3D display system will be described. An example of using a portable game device as a host system and an accessory V3D display portable V3D game device are shown. Explains the electronics block diagram of a system with an embedded projector that has the capability of modular product expansion. Two basic orientations of the projection output of a portable device with a typical embedded projector are shown. An example will be given of how EEU and OMEU can be added to the original system. The assembly of the example of driving | running | working in the conventional both sides is demonstrated. Explains the group structure of the screen surface, the short moving axis and the properly placed center of gravity screen rising above the plane of the moving central axis. The dynamic instability problem of the conventional system will be described. The “parallel relaxation and balance mechanism” of the present invention will be described. An implementation of the first example of the concept of FIG. 36 will be described. An implementation of the second example of the concept of FIG. 36 will be described. An implementation of the second example of the concept of FIG. 36 will be described. An implementation of the second example of the concept of FIG. 36 will be described. The conversion of the multiple display modes of the present invention to a mode different from the subsystem layout of the compact desktop V3D display system will be described. The concept of a multi-operation or display mode desktop “expandable” projector system of the present invention will be described. Describes the corrugated structure of a transparent thin plastic sheet used to support a thin screen film. A support frame for an active screen is described. The driving arrangement for the first preferred group of active screens of FIG. 44 will be described. The driving arrangement for the second preferred group of active screens of FIG. 44 will be described. A block diagram of the main electronic modules of an active screen thin V3D display system will be described. A preferred multi-channel light emitter or receiver data link system for an active screen thin V3D display system is described. 1 shows a system of power transfer by mutual induction of moving active screens. A method of removing or suppressing the shielded voxels of the present invention is described. A method of removing or suppressing the shielded voxels of the present invention is described. A method of displaying a black or dark V3D image according to the present invention will be described. A method of displaying a black or dark V3D image according to the present invention will be described. A method of displaying a black or dark V3D image according to the present invention will be described. Fig. 56 shows a photograph of a paper model test of the method of Figs. Fig. 56 shows a photograph of a paper model test of the method of Figs. The principle of the technique of “position change parallax barrier” of Tsao Japanese Patent Application 2011/237939 will be described. A “position-changing parallax barrier” panel is shown as an additional device to the 2D display device. A “position-changing parallax barrier” panel is shown as an additional device to the 2D display device. The principle of the photodetector coupling approach of FIG. 59 (d) will be described. A method, two signal patterns for each field frame, photodetector and signal to generate a repositioning barrier for the three positions will be described. When defining pixels of different subpanels of an SLM as a closely interconnected group, a convertible mechanism for display modes different from illumination modes is shown. 2 shows a second example of a convertible mechanism for a display mode different from the projection path of a compact system.

100 2D display device 120, 120M Position change parallax barrier panel 120AS Position change parallax barrier panel 120EB As an addition device to the 2D display device Electronic system and battery compartment 120H1 Mounting bracket 120H2 Arm 120H3 adjusting height Spring slider 120W for adjusting force and width Signal coupling wire or cable 120S, 120S1, 120S2 Photo detector 2031 Display surface 2032 Screen 2040 Display volume 2035, 2035A-D, 2035E-F Rotary arm 2036 Moving shaft 2037 Support backing structure 2038 Translucent film 2051 Support frames 2090A and 2090B Second set of rotary arms (auxiliary rotary arms)
303 Projection Center Line 7110 Pattern Plate 7300 Diffusing Elements 7500, 7120, 7120a, 7210b Lens SLM Spatial Light Modulator Movement CL Movement Center Line Main CL Main Center Line Movement CA Movement Center Axis Main CA Main Center Axis Line SLM_p Space Pixel of light modulator

Claims (18)

A volumetric 3D display system based on a rotary reciprocating display surface group, the system comprising the following features:
The display surface group includes a display surface, a support structure, and a frame structure;
The display surface is supported by the support structure, and the support structure is supported on only one side by the frame structure;
A set of rotating arms drives the frame structure;
The center of gravity of the group of the display surface is placed near the set of rotating arms;
Said system comprising the above features. The set of rotary arms is attached to one end of the display surface group;
Balancing is made in two directions,
In the radial direction of rotation, all centrifugal forces are balanced about the axis of rotation of the rotary arm,
In the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the sum of the torques for all centrifugal forces is zero for all points of the rotating shaft,
The system of claim 1. The rotational synchronism of the pair of rotary arms is maintained by a complex cross-parallel crank mechanism,
The system according to claim 2. The rotational synchronism of the pair of rotary arms is maintained by a timing belt and a gear mechanism.
The system according to claim 2. The set of rotary arms is attached to two ends of the display surface group;
Furthermore, the connection point between the rotary arm and the frame structure is close to the plane of the display surface,
Balance is done in two directions,
In the radial direction of rotation, all centrifugal forces are balanced about the axis of rotation of the rotary arm,
In the axial direction of the rotating shaft, the sum of the torques for all centrifugal forces is zero for all points of the rotating shaft,
The system of claim 1. The rotational synchronism of the pair of rotary arms is maintained by a complex cross-parallel crank mechanism,
The system of claim 5. The rotational synchronism of the pair of rotary arms is maintained by a timing belt and a gear mechanism.
The system of claim 5. The system includes an extendable cover with a safety switch;
The system of claim 5. The system includes a second set of rotating arms;
The display surface group includes a second frame structure;
The structure of the second frame supports the support structure on the opposite side;
The display surface is high above the plane of movement center axis and the display surface group is balanced by placing the center of gravity in the plane of movement center axis.
The system of claim 1. The system includes a complex cross-parallel crank mechanism on each side;
The system according to claim 9. The system includes a flexible coupling between the left side and the right side;
The system of claim 10. The system includes a parallel relaxation and balance mechanism;
The system according to claim 9. The support structure comprises a transparent structure of corrugated or bent sheet;
The system according to claim 9. A volumetric 3D display system based on a rotary reciprocating active screen group, the system comprising the following features:
The active screen includes a display panel;
The system includes an optical link with an emitter that emits a set of light beams;
The light beam shape is narrow in one direction but has a high divergence angle in the vertical direction.
Said system comprising the above features. The system includes a coil system for power transfer to the rotary reciprocating active screen group;
The system of claim 14.       A method of displaying a volumetric 3D image of the shielding effect.       How to display a volumetric 3D image in black or dark color. An autostereoscopic 3D display system with a repositioning parallax barrier, the system comprising:
Mounting frame and bracket system,
A photodetector for detecting a pattern in a frame order of pattern display in an image frame displayed on a 2D display;
A circuit for driving and changing the state of the repositioning parallax barrier in response to a signal detected by the photodetector;
Including the system.