JP2014233264A - Surface soil excavation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface soil excavation device excavating the surface soil and subsequently collecting the excavated surface soil in an easily storable manner.SOLUTION: A surface soil excavation device 21 to be mounted on a traveling machine 11 comprises: an excavation part 61 that is provided in a direction in substantially parallel to the ground surface and crossing with the traveling direction of the traveling machine, and including an excavation claw that is rotatingly driven to excavate the surface soil of the ground surface; a collection part A that collects the soil excavated by the excavation part 61 and that has a discharge port 74 for discharging the soil on the ground surface after the excavation into a soil banking shape narrower than the excavation width; and a power transmission part 101 that transmits power input from the traveling machine 11 to rotatingly drive the excavation part 61 and the collection part A.

Description

  The present invention relates to a topsoil excavator. Specifically, the present invention relates to a machine that cuts off the topsoil that needs to be cut off due to contamination or the like, and then collects the cut off topsoil so that it can be easily stored.

The “rotary with a scissors-forming device” described in Patent Document 1 is to solve the problem of providing the formation of scissors.
Then, a ridge is formed by including a molding device 22 and a pair of molding plates 28 and the like inclined to the left and right.

The “saddle forming apparatus” described in Patent Document 2 is intended to solve the problem of providing the soot forming.
And the left and right symmetrically formed left and right molded plates are attached so that the width of the left and right widths can be adjusted, and the front of the left and right molded plates is shaped like an upper bud on the inside facing each other. Form a cocoon by providing the “former” and others.

The “stem and leaf mower” described in Patent Document 3 is to solve the problem of providing a “stem and leaf mower that performs a stem and leaf mowing operation”.
“The tractor mounting portion 2, the cutting portion 5 in which a plurality of cutting blades 51 are swingably provided on a horizontal rotation shaft 50 orthogonal to the traveling direction rotated by the power from the tractor, and the cutting portion 5. Gage wheels 6 disposed on the left and right sides of the wood and a drainage plate 7 disposed on substantially the rear of the central portion of the cutting portion 5 for exposing a part of the upper part of the root root vegetable where the foliage is cut off to the ground surface. The foliage harvesting machine has a foliage harvesting operation.

Further, the applicants and others have proposed Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-056275 “Bridgeside Soil Cutting Machine”. The purpose of the “Landline Top Soil Cutting Machine” is to “removably remove the topside of the ridgeline in a labor-saving and efficient manner”.
For this reason, “the shore surface soil-cutting machine 101 is mounted on the tractor 301 so as to be swingable up and down. It has a soil portion 111 and a top surface soil cutting portion 121 that scrapes the top surface scraper 131 of the shore 501. The inclined surface soil cutting portion 111 is formed on the ground surface by a gauge wheel 408AA provided in the machine frame of the shore surface soil cutting machine 101. The second rotating shaft 122 of the upper surface cutting portion 121 is positioned above the first rotating shaft 112 of the inclined surface cutting portion 111, and is independent of the first rotating shaft 112. The motive power output from the tractor 301 rotates the first rotating shaft 112 of the inclined surface cutting portion 111 and the second rotating shaft 122 of the upper surface cutting portion 121 to rotate first. Drilling claws 113 and 2 excavation teeth 123 causes the scraping of topsoil levees 501. Made ", levees topsoil sharpener 101 is installed in the tractor side, in which scrape the topsoil of the inclined surface.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-152811 Japanese Utility Model Publication No.59-172502 JP 2011-87509 A

Both the “rotary with culm forming device” described in Patent Document 1, the “coil forming device” described in Patent Document 2, and the “leaf cutting machine” described in Patent Document 3 collect soil for dredging or pulverize and disperse foliage. It is for the purpose, and does not scrape the topsoil. In order to make a kite, 150 mm to 200 mm is scraped from the surface, and the depth is different from that for decontamination purposes.
Then, the soil or foliage for dredging, which is the object to be collected, is deposited or diffused on the unground surface. Therefore, even if the collected sediments are collected, the ground surface on which the deposits are loaded is exposed without being scraped after the deposits are stored. Different challenges.

  In Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-056275 “Bridgeside topsoil cutting machine”, the problem of scraping topsoil is common to the present invention. However, since the "Bridge surface soil cutting machine" discharges excavated soil to the side, it is raised in the unexcavated part, and the shaved top soil is deposited on the uncut surface soil. Therefore, it is necessary to bring back the shaved topsoil again, and when the shaved topsoil is recovered later, the ground surface where the shaved topsoil was raised appears, but the ground surface is not decontaminated. It will be a thing.

  An object of the present invention is to provide means for solving a problem aimed at scraping a flat ground surface such as a paddy field and then collecting the scraped topsoil so as to be easily stored.

The topsoil excavator of the present invention is
A topsoil excavator attached to a traveling machine,
An excavation part having excavation claws provided in a direction substantially parallel to the ground surface and intersecting with the traveling direction of the traveling machine, and rotationally driven to scrape off the topsoil of the ground surface;
A collection unit provided with a discharge port that collects the soil scraped by the excavation unit and discharges the soil surface after excavation into a banking shape narrower than the excavation width;
A power transmission unit that transmits power input from the traveling machine to rotationally drive the excavation unit and the recovery unit;
Is provided.

Alternatively, the topsoil excavator of the present invention further comprises:
The collection unit is provided on the rear side in the traveling direction with respect to the excavation unit and substantially parallel to the ground surface,
A blade part that scoops up the soil scraped off by the excavation part;
A transport unit configured to transport soil that has been scooped up behind the blade unit in a direction that intersects the traveling direction;
A discharge port is provided on the ground surface after excavation to discharge the excavated soil into a fill shape narrower than the excavation width.
Is provided.

Alternatively, the topsoil excavator of the present invention further comprises:
A gauge roller having a rotation axis in a direction intersecting the traveling direction and adjusting a scraping depth of the excavation part is provided on the front side and the rear side of the excavation part rotation axis, and the rear side gauge roller rotation axis is collected. Being located on the front side of the rear end,
Is provided.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to scrape the topsoil and then collect the scraped topsoil so that it can be easily stored.

It is a front view of the topsoil excavator of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a rear view of the topsoil excavator of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the state which attached the topsoil excavator of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention to the traveling machine. It is a partial cross section top view of the state where the topsoil excavator of the example concerning an embodiment of this invention was attached to a traveling machine. It is sectional drawing of the power transmission part showing the drive path of the topsoil excavation apparatus of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a plane partial sectional view of a topsoil excavation device of an example concerning an embodiment of this invention. It is a right view of the attachment state to the traveling machine of the example topsoil excavator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a right view of the topsoil excavator of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is right side sectional drawing of the topsoil excavator of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a left view of the topsoil excavator of the Example which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

A topsoil excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
11 is a traveling machine. In this embodiment, the traveling machine 11 includes a tractor. Reference numeral 12 denotes a PTO shaft that protrudes from the rear of the traveling machine 11. The PTO shaft 12 outputs a rotational driving force from the traveling machine 11.

21 is a topsoil excavator according to the present invention. 7 is a three-point link hitch mechanism provided on the tractor side, and is connected to a mounting portion provided on the front end side of the topsoil excavator 21.
The three-point link hitch mechanism 31 provided on the rear side of the tractor includes a top link 32, a total of two lower links 33 and a lower link 33 provided on the left and right sides of the top link 32. By attaching to the traveling machine 11 via the top link 32, the left and right lower links 33, and the lower links 33, the traveling machine 11 and the topsoil excavator 21 are integrally connected. The topsoil excavator 21 is pulled.

  Reference numeral 41 denotes a mounting portion. The mounting portion 41 is attached with the end of the top link 32, the left and right lower links 33, and the lower link 33 on the opposite side of the mounting end of the traveling machine 11 to the three-point link hitch mechanism. Reference numeral 42 denotes a mast frame, which constitutes a part of the mounting portion 41.

51 is a universal joint. The universal joint 51 is provided between the topsoil excavator 21 and the traveling machine 11, and one end is attached to the PTO shaft 12 provided in the traveling machine 11.
5 is an input shaft provided in the topsoil excavator 21. The other end of the universal joint 51 is attached to the input shaft 52.

Reference numeral 61 shown in FIG. 9 and others is an excavation part. The excavation part 61 is provided with an excavation part rotating shaft 62. The excavation part rotating shaft 62 is provided behind the traveling machine 11 in a direction perpendicular to the traveling direction that is substantially parallel to the ground surface and intersects the traveling direction of the traveling machine 11.
63 is a digging claw. The excavation claw 63 is composed of a plurality of pieces, each of which has a base attached to the excavation part rotation shaft 62 and is rotationally driven by the excavation part rotation shaft 62 to scrape off the topsoil on the ground surface.
As shown in FIG. 9, the excavation claw 63 rotates downward as it rotates backward, and rises when passing through the lowest point. Reverse rotation undesirably increases the topsoil dust.
In this embodiment, the excavation depth of the excavation claw 63 is set to 3 to 7 cm.
64 is a sprocket. As shown in FIG. 5, the sprocket 64 is attached to one end of the excavation part rotating shaft 62.

Reference numeral 71 denotes a transport unit. The conveyance part 71 is installed in parallel with the excavation part 61 and the ground surface at the rear part in the traveling direction of the excavation part 61.
Reference numeral 72 denotes a screw conveyor constituting the transport unit 71. As shown in FIG. 5, the screw conveyor 72 is not provided with a screw at the center of the screw. In the screw conveyor 72, the winding direction of the screw is different from the center of the screw shaft 78 where the screw is not provided toward both ends. Therefore, by rotating the screw conveyor 72 according to the rotation direction, the topsoil cut off in the center direction is conveyed and collected by setting the screw conveyor 72 in a direction in which the topsoil cut off in the center direction is conveyed and collected. When reversely rotated, the topsoil is transported from the center to the end.

The rotation of the screw conveyor 72 rotates downward as it rotates backward as shown in FIG. 9, and rises when passing through the lowest point.
73 is a screw case. The screw case 73 covers the outer periphery of the screw conveyor 72. However, the rear portion is opened at the center portion of the screw shaft 78 of the screw conveyor 72 of the screw conveyor 73 where no screw is provided, and constitutes a discharge port 74.

By rotating the screw conveyor 72, the cut top soil collected in the central direction is discharged from the discharge port 74 and placed in the middle of the cut top soil. That is, at the discharge port 74 provided in the transport unit 71, the soil scraped and collected by the excavating unit 61 is placed on the ground surface after excavation at the central portion of the screw shaft 78 of the screw conveyor 72 where no screw is provided. Then, the excavation part 61 is discharged in a banking manner with a width narrower than the excavation width over the entire width. Since the topsoil shaved while the traveling machine 11 travels is placed, the shaved topsoil is placed in the middle of the shaved topsoil in a band shape.
Then, the shaved topsoil is collected separately.

Reference numeral 75 shown in FIG. 9 denotes a swing cover. The swing cover 75 can be opened and closed at the center of the screw conveyor 72 where the screw is not provided in the transport unit 71 so as to cover the discharge port 74 provided at the rear part of the transport unit 71 in parallel with the transport unit 71 from above. It is attached. As shown in FIG. 9, the swing cover 75 covers the discharge port 74 except for the lower part. The swing cover 75 prevents the shaved top soil discharged from the discharge port 74 from scattering upward.
Reference numeral 76 denotes a lower guide plate. The lower guide plate 76 is attached to the rear part of the transport unit 71 in parallel with the transport unit 71 and to the lower part of the transport unit 71 over the entire width of the discharge port 74 in the transport unit 71. Reference numeral 77 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 denotes an open / close lid. The open / close lid 77 is attached to the main body of the topsoil excavator 21 with a hinge 79 and covers the screw conveyor 72 over the entire width of the screw conveyor 72.
A discharge port 74 is formed by the opening of the screw case 73, the swing cover 75, and the lower guide plate 76.
The transport unit 71 transports the soil that has been scooped up behind the blade unit 81 in a direction that intersects the traveling direction.

Reference numeral 81 denotes a blade portion. The blade part 81 is formed of a plate-like body, and is provided in the rear of the excavation part 61 and in front of the transport part 71 in parallel with these and with the same width as shown in FIG. The blade portion 81 is installed so as to become higher as going backward, and is provided up to the front of the screw conveyor 72.
The blade portion 81 is made of a dust-like plate-like body that scoops up the cut top soil onto a screw conveyor, and scoops up the top soil and soil scraped off by the excavating portion 61.
You may provide the blade | wing for flying the collected topsoil in the center part in which the screw of the screw shaft 78 is not provided.
The excavation unit 61, the conveyance unit 71, and the blade unit 81 constitute a collection unit A.

91 is a front gauge roller, and 92 is a rear gauge roller. Both the front gauge roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92 are pipe-shaped. The front gauge roller 91 is provided on the front side of the excavation part rotation shaft 62, and the rear gauge roller 92 is provided on the rear side of the excavation part rotation shaft 62.
The rear gauge roller rotating shaft 96 of the rear gauge roller 92 is located in front of the collection part A rear end. The front gauge-roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92 on the rear side have rotation axes of a front gauge-roller rotation shaft 95 and a rear gauge roller rotation shaft 96 in a direction intersecting the traveling direction. By adjusting the thickness, the cutting depth of the excavation part 61 is adjusted.
97 is a scraper. The scraper 97 scrapes off the soil adhering to the rear gauge roller 92 and maintains the roller diameter at a constant size to stabilize the scraping depth. A scraper is attached to the front gauge roller 91 for the same purpose.

7, 8, and 10, 93 is a digging height adjustment handle, and 94 is a vertical adjustment mechanism. By operating the excavation height adjustment handle 93, the height of the vertical adjustment mechanism 94 is adjusted, and the height of the front gauge roller 91 is adjusted. The height difference between the front gauge roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the front gauge roller 91.
The entire topsoil excavator 21 is supported by the front gauge-roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92, and is scraped off by the height difference l between the front gauge-roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92 as shown in FIG. Determine and control the thickness and depth of the topsoil. The height of the excavation part 61 is adjusted by the front and rear rollers to stabilize the height, and the topsoil excavation of a relatively flat field such as a paddy field can be efficiently performed.
Since the rear gauge roller rotating shaft 96 of the rear gauge roller 91 is located on the front side from the rear end of the collection part A, the contaminated soil discharged from the discharge port 74 is not attached and is not crushed. It can be configured, and the workability is improved by reducing the amount of overhang from the excavation part 61, and the unexcavated amount at the start of excavation can be reduced. In addition, the soil surface after excavation is crushed and the contaminated soil discharged is easily collected separately.

The power transmission unit 101 has the following configuration.
As shown in FIG. 5, the input shaft 52 of the topsoil excavator 21 is connected to the universal joint 51 that is connected to the PTO shaft 12 of the traveling machine 11. Reference numeral 102 denotes a bevel gear. The bevel gear 102 is provided in the middle of the input shaft 102. A left output shaft 103 transmits a driving force from the input shaft 52 to the left output shaft 103 via the bevel gear 102.
The bevel gear 102 is accommodated in the gear case 107.

111 is a belt case. The belt case 111 is provided over the tip of the left output shaft 103 and the tip of the transport unit 71. 112 is a pulley. The pulley 112 is provided inside the belt case 111 and is attached to the tip of the left output shaft 103.
113 is a pulley. The pulley 113 is provided inside the belt case 111 and is attached to the tip of the transport unit 71. Reference numeral 114 denotes a transmission belt, which spans between the pulley 112 and the pulley 113, and transmits the driving force of the output shaft 103 to the pulley 112.
The drive of the pulley 112 is transmitted to the transmission belt 114, drives the pulley 113, is transmitted to the conveyance unit 71, and the screw shaft 78, and drives and rotates the screw conveyor 72.
Since the pulley 112 and the pulley 113 are spanned by a transmission belt 114 that is a belt, even if foreign matters such as stones are pinched and locked on the screw conveyor 72, they can slip and escape.

104 is a spur gear. The spur gear 104 is attached to the tip of the input shaft 52. Reference numeral 105 denotes a bevel gear. The spur gear 104 and the bevel gear 105 are housed in a gear case 106.
Reference numeral 106 denotes a right output shaft. The driving force is transmitted from the input shaft 52 to the right output shaft 106 via the spur gear 104 and the bevel gear 105.
121 is a chain case. The chain case 121 is provided over the tip of the right output shaft 106 and the tip of the excavation part rotating shaft 62. 122 is a sprocket. The sprocket 122 is provided inside the chain case 121 and is provided at the tip of the right output shaft 106.

The sprocket 64 is provided inside the chain case 121 and is provided at the tip of the excavation part rotating shaft 62. A roller chain 123 spans between the sprocket 122 and the sprocket 64, and transmits the driving force of the right output shaft 106 to the sprocket 64.
The drive of the sprocket 122 is transmitted to the roller chain 123, drives the sprocket 64, and drives and rotates the excavation part rotating shaft 62. The excavation claw 63 is rotated by the rotation of the excavation part rotation shaft 62.
The driving force input from the traveling machine 11 is transmitted to rotationally drive the excavation part 61 and the recovery part A.

Next, the operation of the topsoil excavator 21 will be described.
The traveling machine 11 is driven to travel, and driving force is taken out from the PTO shaft 12. The driving force from the PTO shaft 12 is transmitted to the input shaft 52 through the universal joint 51 and is transmitted into the gear case 106.
The driving force obtained by rotating the spur gear 104 by the input shaft 52 is transmitted to the bevel gear 105, the right output shaft 106, the sprocket 122, the roller chain 123, and the sprocket 64, and rotates the excavation part rotation shaft 62 and the excavation part 61. Due to the rotation of the excavating part rotating shaft 62, the excavating claw 63 rotates and scrapes the topsoil.
On the other hand, the driving force is transmitted to the left output shaft 103, the pulley 112, the transmission belt 114, and the pulley via the bevel gear 102 to rotate the screw conveyor 72 that constitutes the conveying unit 71.
Therefore, the excavation part 61 and the conveyance part 71 are driven as the traveling machine 11 travels.

  As the digging unit 61 and the transport unit 71 are driven, the digging claw 63 in the digging unit 61 rotates downward as it rotates rearward and rises when passing through the lowest point, as shown in FIG. Then, the topsoil is excavated by the difference 1 in height between the front gauge roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92, that is, 3-7 cm. The excavated topsoil is scraped up backward by the excavation claw 63. The topsoil that has been scraped up is scraped up by the blade portion 81. The topsoil scraped up by the blade part 81 accumulates and falls onto the screw conveyor 72 of the transport part 71.

  Since the screw conveyor 72 has different screw winding directions from the center of the screw shaft 78 where no screw is provided to both ends, the scraped topsoil fed to the transport unit 71 rotates the screw conveyor 72. In this way, it is conveyed and collected in the central direction.

Since the discharge port 74 is provided in the center of the screw conveyor 72, the topsoil excavator 21 rotates the screw conveyor 72 installed in the front-rear direction of the tractor which is the traveling machine 11, particularly in the center direction, so that the center direction is reached. The topsoil that has been collected is discharged from the discharge port 74 and placed in the middle of the cut topsoil.
Since the topsoil shaved while the traveling machine 11 travels is placed, the shaved topsoil is placed in the middle of the shaved topsoil and raised. For this reason, the cut soil is dropped into a streak shape or a belt shape on the ground after excavation behind the tractor to form a fill shape.
The shaved soil is collected by placing it in the middle of the shaved top soil, which is the shaved place. Then, the shaved topsoil is collected separately. It is possible to collect so that the topsoil to be scraped and other soils are not mixed.
In this embodiment, the topsoil excavator 21 is fixed behind the traveling machine 11, but the height of the excavation part is stabilized by the action of the front gauge roller 91 and the rear gauge roller 92.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Traveling machine 21 Topsoil excavator 61 Excavation part 71 Conveyance part 74 Discharge port 81 Blade part 91 Front gauge roller 92 Rear gauge roller 101 Power transmission part
A Collection unit

Claims (3)

A topsoil excavator attached to a traveling machine,
An excavation part having excavation claws provided in a direction substantially parallel to the ground surface and intersecting with the traveling direction of the traveling machine, and rotationally driven to scrape off the topsoil of the ground surface;
A collection unit provided with a discharge port that collects the soil scraped by the excavation unit and discharges the soil surface after excavation into a banking shape narrower than the excavation width;
A topsoil excavator including a power transmission unit that transmits power input from the traveling machine and rotationally drives the excavation unit and the recovery unit. The collection unit is provided on the rear side in the traveling direction with respect to the excavation unit and substantially parallel to the ground surface,
A blade part that scoops up the soil scraped off by the excavation part;
A transport unit configured to transport soil that has been scooped up behind the blade unit in a direction that intersects the traveling direction;
The topsoil excavator according to claim 1, further comprising a discharge port for discharging excavated soil in a bank-like shape narrower than the excavation width on the ground surface after excavation.   A gauge roller having a rotation axis in a direction intersecting the traveling direction and adjusting a scraping depth of the excavation part is provided on the front side and the rear side of the excavation part rotation axis, and the rear side gauge roller rotation axis is collected. The topsoil excavation device according to claim 1, further comprising: being located on the front side of the rear end portion.

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