JP2014226020A - Battery monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery monitoring device capable of reducing standby power and monitoring overcharge and overdischarge by controlling power supply in monitoring a battery during no use period of the battery.SOLUTION: The battery monitoring device includes: a monitor section including a monitor control section that monitors a state of a battery pack and transmits state information showing states of the battery pack and a battery abnormality section powered by the battery pack and monitoring overcharge and overdischarge of the battery pack; a battery management section including a battery control section that receives state information transmitted from the monitor control section and a switching section that shuts down power supply to the monitor control section.

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery monitoring device that monitors a battery.

  Conventionally, when using a battery in a vehicle or the like, a control unit for monitoring the state of the battery is provided, and overcharge and overdischarge are monitored by this control unit. Further, since there is a period in which the battery is not used in the vehicle, the setting of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) of the control unit is set to the sleep mode and the control unit is set to the sleep state in order to reduce battery consumption during the period. . However, even when the control unit is in the sleep state, power is supplied to the control unit, so the control unit consumes standby power. Moreover, although it is necessary to monitor overcharge and overdischarge even when the control unit is in the sleep state, overcharge and overdischarge of the battery cannot be monitored in the sleep state.

JP 2011-1115015 A JP 2013-076602 A JP 2011-078174 A

  It is an object of the present invention to provide a battery monitoring device capable of reducing standby power and monitoring overcharge and overdischarge by controlling power supply when monitoring a battery during a period when the battery is not used. And

The battery monitoring apparatus which is one aspect of the present invention includes a monitoring unit and a battery management unit.
The monitoring unit includes a monitoring control unit and a battery abnormality monitoring unit. The monitoring control unit monitors the state of the assembled battery and transmits state information indicating the state of the assembled battery. The battery abnormality monitoring unit is connected in parallel to the assembled battery, is supplied with electric power from the assembled battery, and monitors the abnormality of the assembled battery.

  The battery management unit has a battery control unit and a switching unit. The battery control unit receives state information transmitted from the monitoring control unit. The switching unit cuts off power supply to the monitoring control unit.

  According to the embodiment, when the battery is monitored in a period when the battery is not used, by controlling the power supply, it is possible to reduce standby power and monitor overcharge and overdischarge.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a battery monitoring device. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment (part 1) of the battery monitoring apparatus. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the monitoring control unit. FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the battery control unit. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example for changing the level of the signal line. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment (part 2) of the battery control device. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment (part 3) of the battery control device. FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an operation example of the battery control unit.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a battery monitoring device. The battery monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 1 has a battery management unit 1 and a monitoring unit 2.

The battery management unit 1 includes a battery control unit 4, a switching unit 7, and a conversion unit 8. The battery management unit 1 may be, for example, a battery ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
The battery control unit 4 receives state information indicating the state of the battery transmitted from the monitoring control unit 5 of the monitoring unit 2 via the signal line (communication line) 15. The state information is, for example, information having values measured using a measuring instrument that measures the voltage of the assembled battery 3, the voltage of each battery of the assembled battery 3, the current flowing through the assembled battery 3, the temperature of the assembled battery 3, and the like. . Furthermore, the battery control unit 4 monitors charge / discharge of the assembled battery 3 using the state information. The battery control unit 4 may be a CPU, a multi-core CPU, or a programmable device (FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), PLD (Programmable Logic Device), etc.).

  The switching unit 7 is provided in the path of supplying power from the battery management unit 1 to the monitoring control unit 5, more specifically, in the middle of the power line between the conversion unit 8 and the monitoring control unit 5 of the battery management unit 1. When the battery control unit 4 enters the sleep state, the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 of the one or more monitoring units 2 is interrupted. That is, when the switching unit 7 receives the signal indicating the transition to the sleep state output from the battery control unit 4 via the signal line 11, the switching unit 7 has the power line between the conversion unit 8 and the switching unit 7. 13, the supply of power from the conversion unit 8 to the monitoring control unit 5 is cut off by cutting off the connection of the power line 14 between the switching unit 7 and the monitoring control unit 5. That is, the monitoring control unit 5 of the monitoring unit 2 is supplied with power from the assembled battery 3 via the battery management unit 1 independent of the monitoring unit 2, and is switched by the switching unit 7 of the battery management unit 1 when the sleep state is entered. Power supply is cut off. The switching unit 7 may be a switch, a relay, or the like.

  The conversion unit 8 may be, for example, a voltage conversion element or a voltage converter. In the example of FIG. 1, the converter 8 is connected to the assembled battery 3 using the power line 9 and the power line 10, so the voltage of the assembled battery 3 is converted into a voltage used by the battery control unit 4 and the monitoring control unit 5. ing. When the voltages supplied to the battery control unit 4 and the monitoring control unit 5 are different, the conversion unit 8 outputs different voltages corresponding to the battery control unit 4 and the monitoring control unit 5. In this case, a power line that supplies power to the battery control unit 4 and a power line that supplies power to the monitoring control unit 5 are provided, and only the power line that supplies power to the monitoring control unit 5 is connected to the switching unit 7.

The monitoring unit 2 includes a monitoring control unit 5 and a battery abnormality monitoring unit 6. The monitoring control unit 5 may be a battery ECU, for example.
The monitoring control unit 5 is provided for each assembled battery 3, monitors the state of the assembled battery 3, and transmits state information to the battery control unit 4 of the battery management unit 1 via the signal line 15. In FIG. 1, the monitoring controller 5 is not connected to a measuring instrument that measures the voltage of the assembled battery 3, the voltages of one or more batteries constituting the assembled battery 3, the current flowing through the assembled battery, the temperature of the assembled battery, and the like. However, in an actual device, it is connected to each measuring instrument. The state information is generated by the monitoring control unit 5 using the results measured by those measuring instruments. In addition, when the monitoring control part 5 is provided for every assembled battery 3, for example, when there are two or more assembled batteries 3 in parallel, there are also a plurality of monitoring control parts 5. One monitoring control unit 5 may monitor the state of the plurality of assembled batteries 3.

  Furthermore, since the battery control unit 4 shifts to the sleep state during the period when the assembled battery 3 is not used, the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 is interrupted by the switching unit 7 and the monitoring control unit 5 is stopped. . As a result, power for driving the monitoring control unit 5 is not consumed.

The monitoring control unit 5 may be a CPU, a multi-core CPU, a programmable device, or the like.
The battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 is connected in parallel to the assembled battery 3 and is supplied with power from the assembled battery 3, and monitors the overcharge and overdischarge of the assembled battery 3, and when the overcharge or overdischarge occurs, the signal line 12 is connected. To the battery control unit 4 of the battery management unit 1. For example, when the battery pack 3 is overcharged or overdischarged, the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 changes the signal level or voltage level of the signal line 12 (hereinafter referred to as the level of the signal line 12), so that the battery pack 3 The battery controller 4 is notified that overcharge or overdischarge has occurred. The battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 monitors overcharge and overdischarge even when the assembled battery 3 is not used. In particular, when a lithium battery is used as the battery of the assembled battery 3, it is important to monitor the battery when it is not used.

  Here, the case where it is not used is a period in which the battery is not charged or discharged. For example, in the case of a vehicle, the ignition switch may be off. Furthermore, the case where the assembled battery 3 is not yet mounted in the vehicle can be considered. For example, when the assembled battery 3 is transported.

  However, since the monitoring control unit 5 is in a stopped state when it is not used, the monitoring control unit 5 cannot monitor the state of the battery. If it is not used, it is overcharged due to damage or failure of the assembled battery 3 or the battery. Even if overdischarge occurs, it cannot be detected.

Therefore, by supplying power from the assembled battery 3 to the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 and driving it, overcharge and overdischarge can be detected even if the battery is damaged or malfunctioned when not in use.
As described above, when the battery is monitored in a period in which the battery is not used, the standby power of the monitoring unit 2 is reduced by controlling the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5. Furthermore, there is an effect that overcharge and overdischarge can be monitored by supplying power from the assembled battery 3 to the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6.

The battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 1 is desirably employed in an electric vehicle that does not use a battery such as an auxiliary machine in addition to the assembled battery. For example, it is desirable to use for a forklift.
When this battery monitoring device is employed in a vehicle that uses a battery such as an auxiliary machine in addition to the assembled battery, the power supply to the battery control unit 4 and the monitoring control unit 5 uses the power output from the auxiliary machine. May be driven.

The sleep state is not limited to a period in which the assembled battery 3 is not used, but may be a period in which the current flowing in the assembled battery 3 is smaller than a predetermined value.
Further, when the battery control unit 4 does not shift to the sleep state, the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 may be interrupted by the switching unit 7 in order to reduce the standby power of the monitoring unit 2.

  Further, the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 may monitor whether or not the current flowing through the assembled battery 3 is an overcurrent. For example, the overcurrent is monitored by looking at the current flowing through the current measuring unit connected in series to the assembled battery 3. Note that overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent may be monitored. Further, a circuit for monitoring overcurrent may be provided separately from a circuit for monitoring overcharge and overdischarge. However, power to the circuit for monitoring overcurrent is supplied from the assembled battery 3.

  Further, the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 may monitor a temperature abnormality. For example, the temperature of the temperature measurement unit provided in the vicinity of the assembled battery 3 is monitored. In this case, when a temperature value or a temperature change determined to be abnormal is indicated, it is determined that the temperature is abnormal. Note that overcharge, overdischarge, overcurrent, and temperature abnormality may be monitored. Furthermore, a circuit for monitoring temperature abnormality may be provided separately from a circuit for monitoring overcharge and overdischarge and a circuit for monitoring overcurrent. However, power is supplied from the assembled battery 3 to the circuit for monitoring the temperature.

  Thus, the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 monitors whether the assembled battery 3 is overcharged and overdischarged, monitors whether the current flowing through the assembled battery 3 is overcurrent, and the temperature of the assembled battery 3 is abnormal. The abnormality of the assembled battery 3 may be monitored using any one of these monitoring methods. Or you may monitor abnormality of the assembled battery 3 combining those monitoring.

Further, when the battery control unit 4 is in the sleep state, when the signal indicating the overcharge abnormality or the overdischarge abnormality is received from the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6, the battery control unit 4 returns from the sleep state. Furthermore, the battery control unit 4 also returns from the sleep state when a signal indicating an overcurrent abnormality or a temperature abnormality is received from the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6.
<Other Examples (Part 1)>
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another embodiment (part 1) of the battery monitoring apparatus. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the structure shown in FIG.

  In the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 2, when the level of the signal line 12 is changed by the monitoring control unit 5 (arrow A), an abnormality (for example, disconnection or short circuit) occurs in the signal line 12 by the battery control unit 4. A determination is made whether or not.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when a predetermined condition is satisfied (S31: Yes), the monitoring control unit 5 changes the level of the signal line 12 and outputs a signal indicating that the level of the signal line 12 is changed to the signal line 15 To the battery control unit 4 (S32). The predetermined condition is, for example, when the current flowing through the assembled battery 3 becomes smaller than a predetermined value or when the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 is just cut off.

  As shown in FIG. 4, when the battery control unit 4 receives a signal indicating that the level of the signal line 12 has been changed from the monitoring control unit 5 (S41: Yes), the level of the signal line 12 is If it is determined that there is no change (S42: Yes), it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12 (S43). Note that the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 may be executed, for example, periodically or in response to an instruction from the outside.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 5, in the battery management unit 1, a high level voltage is applied to the signal line 12 via the pull-up resistor 16, and when an abnormality (overcharge or overdischarge) of the assembled battery 3 is detected, Consider a case where the battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 changes the level of the signal line 12 from a high level to a low level.

  In this case, the monitoring control unit 5 switches the level of the signal line 12 by switching a switch 17 (for example, an npn bipolar transistor) provided between the signal line 12 and the ground from off to on when a predetermined condition is satisfied. Change from high level to low level (ground potential). At this time, the monitoring control unit 5 sends a signal indicating that the level of the signal line 12 has been changed to the battery control unit 4 via the signal line 15.

  If the battery control unit 4 determines that the level of the signal line 12 has changed from a high level to a low level when a signal indicating that the level of the signal line 12 has been changed is sent, the battery control unit 4 has an abnormality in the signal line 12. When a signal indicating that the level of the signal line 12 has been changed is sent and it is determined that the level of the signal line 12 remains high, the signal line 12 has an abnormality. Judge that it has occurred.

  The battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 may change the level of the signal line 12 from the low level to the high level when detecting the abnormality of the assembled battery 3. In this case, the monitoring control unit 5 changes the level of the signal line 12 from a low level to a high level when a predetermined condition is met, and the battery control unit 4 is sent a signal indicating that the level of the signal line 12 has been changed. When it is determined that the level of the signal line 12 remains low, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12.

According to the battery monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 3, an abnormality in the signal line 12 can be detected.
<Other Examples (Part 2)>
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another embodiment (part 2) of the battery monitoring apparatus. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the structure shown in FIG. The other embodiment (part 2) has a configuration in which a plurality of monitoring units 2 of the other embodiment (part 1) are connected.

  The battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 6 has a plurality of monitoring units 2 in order to monitor each abnormality of the plurality of assembled batteries 3. Each signal line 12 having one end connected to each battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 of the plurality of monitoring units 2 is connected to the battery control unit 4 with the other end connected to one.

  Moreover, each battery abnormality monitoring part 6 of the some monitoring part 2 will change the level of the signal wire | line 12, if abnormality of the assembled battery 3 is detected. At this time, when the battery control unit 4 determines that the level of the signal line 12 has changed, it determines that at least one of the assembled batteries 3 is abnormal.

  In addition, each monitoring control unit 5 of the plurality of monitoring units 2 changes the level of the signal line 12 provided between the battery control unit 4 and each battery abnormality monitoring unit 6 at different timings. At this time, if the battery control unit 4 determines that the level of the input signal line 12 has not changed, it determines that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12 corresponding to the timing at that time.

  For example, the battery control unit 4 and each monitoring control unit 5 are synchronized by a clock signal or the like, and identification information is assigned to each monitoring control unit 5 in advance. Further, when the battery control unit 4 detects abnormality of the signal line 12, the battery control unit 4 sends a signal indicating that abnormality detection of the signal line 12 is performed to each monitoring control unit 5 via the signal line 15. Each monitoring control unit 5 changes the level of the signal line 12 at a timing corresponding to the identification information assigned to itself when a signal to detect abnormality of the signal line 12 is sent. Then, the battery control unit 4 determines whether or not the level of the input signal line 12 has changed at each timing corresponding to the identification information of each monitoring control unit 5.

According to the battery monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 6, when there are a plurality of monitoring units 2, it is possible to detect which signal line 12 has an abnormality.
<Other Examples (Part 3)>
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another embodiment (part 3) of the battery monitoring apparatus. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same structure as the structure shown in FIG.

  In the battery monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the level of the signal line 12 is monitored (monitored) by the monitoring control unit 5 (arrow B), and the monitoring result is obtained by using the communication line 15 or CAN (Controller Area Network) communication. It is sent to the control unit 4. In the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 7, when the battery control unit 4 changes the level of the signal line 12 (arrow C), the level of the signal line 12 input to the battery control unit 4 is sent from the monitoring control unit 5. Based on the monitoring result, it is determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 8, when the battery control unit 4 receives information indicating that the current flowing through the assembled battery 3 has become smaller than a predetermined value from the monitoring control unit 5 (S81: Yes), the battery management The level of the signal line 12 in the unit 1 is changed (S82).

  Further, the battery control unit 4 performs monitoring control when the level of the signal line 12 inputted to itself is not changed when the level of the signal line 12 is changed or when the level of the signal line 12 is changed. If it is determined that the level of the signal line 12 indicated by the signal sent from the unit 5 via the signal line 15 or the like has not changed (S83: Yes), it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12. (S84). When the battery control unit 4 directly monitors the level of the signal line 12 and, as a result, the level of the signal line 12 has not changed, the abnormality of the signal line 12 in the battery management unit 1 can be detected. When the level of the signal line 12 indicated by the signal sent from the monitoring control unit 5 to the battery control unit 4 via the signal line 15 has not changed, a signal between the battery management unit 1 and the monitoring unit 2 An abnormality of the line 12 or the signal line 12 in the monitoring unit 2 can be detected.

  Further, the battery control unit 4 changes the level of the signal line 12 input to itself when the level of the signal line 12 is changed, and also changes the level of the signal line 12 when the level of the signal line 12 is changed. If it is determined that the level of the signal line 12 indicated by the signal sent from the signal line 15 through the signal line 15 is changed (S83: No), it is determined that no abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12 (S85). ).

  Next, the battery control unit 4 cuts off the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 (S86), and after a predetermined time has elapsed (S87: Yes), controls the operation of the switching unit 7 to the monitoring control unit 5. Electric power is supplied (S88), and the process returns to S82.

  That is, in the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 7, when the current flowing through the assembled battery 3 becomes smaller than a predetermined value, the intermittent operation of repeatedly supplying and cutting off the power to the monitoring control unit 5 is performed, and the monitoring control unit 5 If an abnormality occurs in the signal line 12 before the power supply is cut off, the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 is not cut off.

  In the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 7, the battery control unit 4 only determines whether or not the level of the signal line 12 input to itself is changed when the level of the signal line 12 is changed. Accordingly, it may be determined whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12.

  Further, in the battery monitoring apparatus shown in FIG. 7, the battery control unit 4 has a signal line indicated by a signal sent from the monitoring control unit 5 through the signal line 15 or the like when the level of the signal line 12 is changed. Whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12 may be determined based only on the determination result of whether or not the level of 12 has changed.

  Further, in the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 7, when the abnormality of the signal line 12 is detected, the level of the signal line 12 is changed by the monitoring control unit 5 similarly to the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. The controller 4 may be configured to determine whether or not an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12 according to a determination result of whether or not the level of the signal line 12 has changed.

  According to the battery monitoring device shown in FIG. 7, it can be detected that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12. Further, when the current flowing through the assembled battery 3 becomes smaller than a predetermined value, the battery control unit 4 is configured to operate intermittently, so that standby power of the monitoring unit 2 can be reduced.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
For example, in other embodiments (part 1) to (part 3), the predetermined condition is that when the current flowing through the assembled battery becomes smaller than a predetermined value, or the power supply to the monitoring control unit 5 is cut off. It was said that it was just before, but it is not limited to that. In this case, it may be when a predetermined timing is reached, or may be when a predetermined timing is reached after the current flowing through the assembled battery becomes smaller than a predetermined value. For example, an instruction indicating timing may be transmitted from the battery control unit 4 to the monitoring control unit 5 via the signal line 15, and the monitoring control unit 5 may change the level of the signal line 12 at timing based on the instruction. If the battery control unit 4 determines that the level of the signal line 12 has not changed at the timing, the battery control unit 4 can determine that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line 12.

1 Battery management department,
2 monitoring section,
3 battery packs,
4 Battery control unit,
5 monitoring control unit,
6 Battery abnormality monitoring unit,
7 switching part,
8 Conversion unit,
9, 10, 13, 14 Power line,
11, 12, 15 signal lines,
16 Pull-up resistor 17 Switch

Claims (13)

A monitoring controller that monitors the state of the assembled battery and transmits state information indicating the state of the assembled battery;
A battery abnormality monitoring unit that is connected in parallel to the assembled battery, is supplied with electric power from the assembled battery, and monitors an abnormality of the assembled battery;
A monitoring unit comprising:
A battery control unit that receives the status information transmitted from the monitoring control unit;
A switching unit for cutting off power supply to the monitoring control unit;
A battery management unit comprising:
A battery monitoring device comprising:   The battery monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the switching unit cuts off power supply to the monitoring control unit when the battery control unit enters a sleep state.   The battery abnormality monitoring unit monitors whether the assembled battery is overcharged and overdischarged, monitors whether the current flowing through the assembled battery is overcurrent, monitors whether the temperature of the assembled battery is abnormal, The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an abnormality of the assembled battery is monitored using one or more of the above.   4. The power supply to the monitoring control unit is performed by supplying power generated using the assembled battery via the battery management unit. 5. Battery monitoring device.   The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power supply to the battery management unit is supplied using power generated using the assembled battery.   The battery control unit returns from the sleep state when receiving a signal indicating that there is an overcharge abnormality or an overdischarge abnormality from the battery abnormality monitoring unit while in the sleep state. The battery monitoring apparatus of any one of -5. When a predetermined condition is reached, the level of the signal line for sending an abnormality of the assembled battery from the battery abnormality monitoring unit to the battery control unit is changed,
The battery control unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line when determining that the level of the signal line has not changed when the predetermined condition is satisfied. 6. The battery monitoring apparatus according to any one of 6 above. The monitoring control unit changes the level of the signal line when the predetermined condition is met, and sends a signal to the battery control unit that the level of the signal line is changed,
When the battery control unit determines that the level of the signal line has not changed when a signal indicating that the level of the signal line has been changed is sent from the monitoring control unit, an abnormality has occurred in the signal line. The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 7, wherein it is determined that the battery has occurred.   When the battery control unit changes the level of the signal line in the battery management unit when the predetermined condition is satisfied, and determines that the level of the signal line input to itself has not changed, the battery The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 7, wherein it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line in the management unit. The monitoring control unit sends a signal indicating the level of the signal line to the battery control unit,
When the battery control unit determines that the level of the signal line indicated by the signal sent from the monitoring control unit has not changed when the predetermined condition is satisfied, an abnormality has occurred in the signal line. The battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the battery monitoring apparatus determines that the battery is present.   8. The predetermined condition is when the current flowing through the assembled battery becomes smaller than a predetermined value, or when the power supply to the monitoring control unit is just cut off. 10. The battery monitoring device according to any one of 10 to 10.   12. The battery monitoring according to claim 7, wherein the battery control unit controls the operation of the switching unit so that power supply to and interruption of the monitoring control unit is repeated. apparatus. In order to monitor the abnormality of each of the plurality of assembled batteries, the plurality of monitoring units,
Due to different timings, the levels of signal lines provided between the battery control unit and the plurality of monitoring units are changed,
When the battery control unit determines that the level of the signal line input to itself has not changed, the battery control unit determines that an abnormality has occurred in the signal line corresponding to the timing at that time. The battery monitoring apparatus of any one of Claims 1-6.

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