JP2014222158A - Method for measuring flow of fluid - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、流体の流れを計測する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for measuring fluid flow.
なお、ここでいう「流体の流れの計測」とは、流体の速度（流速）及び／又は流体の流れ方（流体の挙動）の可視化をいう。 Here, “measurement of fluid flow” means visualization of fluid velocity (flow velocity) and / or fluid flow (fluid behavior).
流体速度を計測する場合、あるいは内部流を可視化して流れ状態を観測する場合にあっては、従来よりＰＩＶ法（Particle Image Velocimetry法、）やＰＴＶ法（Particle Tracking Velocimetry）が採られている（例えば特許文献１を参照）。 In the case of measuring the fluid velocity or in the case of observing the flow state by visualizing the internal flow, the PIV method (Particle Image Velocimetry method) and the PTV method (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) have been conventionally employed ( For example, see Patent Document 1).
ＰＩＶ法は、トレーサ粒子が供給された流体に連続発振レーザーあるいはパルスレーザーをシート状に照射し、２時刻の瞬間的な粒子画像を記録し、連続する２時刻の画像上のトレーサ粒子像からその画像上の粒子の移動量ΔＸを求め、２時刻の時間差Δｔ及び画像を用いて速度Ｖを求める。ＰＩＶ法においては、個々の粒子を識別することなく、１時刻目の画像における微小な領域（検査領域）内の粒子の分布と２時刻目の画像における領域（探査領域）内の粒子の分布との相互相関を求める等の手法により、粒子群の平均的な移動として流体の流れを推定するのが一般的である。 The PIV method irradiates a fluid supplied with tracer particles with a continuous wave laser or a pulsed laser in a sheet form, records instantaneous particle images at two times, and extracts the tracer particle images from the continuous two time images. The movement amount ΔX of the particles on the image is obtained, and the velocity V is obtained using the time difference Δt between the two times and the image. In the PIV method, without identifying individual particles, the distribution of particles in a minute area (inspection area) in the image at the first time and the distribution of particles in the area (exploration area) in the image at the second time In general, the flow of fluid is estimated as an average movement of a particle group by a method such as obtaining a cross-correlation of particles.
ＰＴＶ法は、個々の粒子の運動を追跡する手法であり、例えば、トレーサ粒子が供給された流体に連続的に光を照射しつつ流体の動画を記録し、個々の粒子の移動を可視化して流体の速度計測あるいは流体分布を計測する方法である。 The PTV method is a method of tracking the movement of individual particles. For example, a moving image of a fluid is recorded while continuously irradiating light to the fluid supplied with tracer particles, and the movement of each particle is visualized. This is a method for measuring fluid velocity or measuring fluid distribution.
これらの流体を可視化して流れ状態を観測する手法において、流体に混入させるトレーサ粒子の量が比較的少量のときにはトレーサ粒子を増加させるに伴い計測の精度や分解能は向上する。 In the method of observing the flow state by visualizing these fluids, when the amount of tracer particles mixed into the fluid is relatively small, the accuracy and resolution of measurement are improved as the number of tracer particles is increased.
しかし、画像を撮影する際に、混入されたトレーサ粒子が頻繁に重複するほどトレーサ粒子の密度が高まった場合には、ＰＩＶ法では連続する２時刻の画像における相互相関が得られにくくなり、ＰＴＶ法では個々の粒子の識別が困難になる。その結果、トレーサ粒子の単なる増量によって計測の精度を高めることには限界がある。 However, when taking an image, if the density of the tracer particles increases so that the mixed tracer particles are frequently overlapped, the PIV method makes it difficult to obtain cross-correlation in two consecutive images. The method makes it difficult to identify individual particles. As a result, there is a limit to increasing measurement accuracy by simply increasing the tracer particles.
そこで、本発明は上記の課題を解決することのできる流体の流れの計測方法を提供することを目的とする。この目的は特許請求の範囲における独立項に記載の特徴の組み合わせにより達成される。また従属項は本発明の更なる有利な具体例を規定する。 Then, an object of this invention is to provide the measuring method of the flow of the fluid which can solve said subject. This object is achieved by a combination of features described in the independent claims. The dependent claims define further advantageous specific examples of the present invention.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る流体の流れの計測方法は、トレーサ粒子を供給した流体に対して励起光を照射し、トレーサ粒子からの蛍光を観測することによって該流体の流れを計測する方法であって、互いに異なる波長の蛍光を発光する複数種類のトレーサ粒子を均一に分布するように混合した状態で流体に供給し、流体に対し励起光を照射して複数種類のトレーサ粒子に蛍光を発光させ、流体の画像を複数種類のトレーサ粒子の発する蛍光の波長を識別可能に撮影して流体の流れを計測する。上記の構成により、精度の高い流体計測を実現できる。 In order to achieve the above object, a fluid flow measurement method according to the present invention irradiates a fluid supplied with tracer particles with excitation light, and observes fluorescence from the tracer particles. A method of measurement, in which a plurality of types of tracer particles that emit fluorescence of different wavelengths are supplied to a fluid in a mixed state so as to be uniformly distributed, and a plurality of types of tracer particles are irradiated by irradiating the fluid with excitation light. Fluorescent light is emitted, and an image of the fluid is photographed so that the wavelengths of the fluorescence emitted by a plurality of types of tracer particles can be identified, and the flow of the fluid is measured. With the above configuration, highly accurate fluid measurement can be realized.
上記の流体の流れの計測方法において、１種類のみのトレーサ粒子を供給する場合における当該１種類のトレーサ粒子の濃度の増加に応じて粒子の誤認識が増加し始める濃度よりも高い濃度で、複数種類のトレーサ粒子を混合して供給するとよい。１種類のみのトレーサ粒子では誤認識が増加し始めるよりも高濃度でトレーサ粒子を供給して高精度の流体計測を行うことが可能となる。 In the above fluid flow measurement method, when only one type of tracer particles is supplied, a plurality of concentrations at a concentration higher than the concentration at which erroneous recognition of particles starts to increase with an increase in the concentration of the one type of tracer particles. It is advisable to supply mixed tracer particles. With only one type of tracer particles, it is possible to supply tracer particles at a higher concentration and perform highly accurate fluid measurement than when misrecognition starts to increase.
上記の流体の流れの計測方法において、励起光の光源を青色発光ダイオードとするとよい。このような構成により、励起光として高出力のレーザを使用する場合と比べ、取扱いを容易とすることができる。 In the above fluid flow measurement method, the light source of the excitation light may be a blue light emitting diode. With such a configuration, handling can be facilitated as compared with the case where a high-power laser is used as excitation light.
励起光の光源は同期して駆動される複数の青色発光ダイオードとするとよい。このような構成により、広い流れ場に励起光を照射することができる。 The light source of the excitation light may be a plurality of blue light emitting diodes that are driven in synchronization. With such a configuration, excitation light can be applied to a wide flow field.
上記の流体の流れの計測方法において、カラーカメラで第１時刻と第２時刻において流体の画像を連続して撮影し、第１時刻の画像と第２時刻の画像をパターンマッチングし、第１時刻の画像と第２時刻の画像の間での個々のトレーサ粒子の位置の変化に基づき、流体の流速及び／または流体の流れ方を計測するとよい。カラーカメラで撮影した２種類のトレーサ粒子を識別可能な画像のパターンマッチングによって、２つの画像の間でトレーサ粒子を正確に対応付けることができ、計測の精度を向上できる。 In the fluid flow measurement method described above, a fluid image is continuously captured by the color camera at the first time and the second time, the first time image and the second time image are pattern-matched, and the first time The fluid flow velocity and / or the fluid flow may be measured based on the change in the position of the individual tracer particles between the current image and the second time image. By pattern matching of images that can identify two types of tracer particles photographed by a color camera, the tracer particles can be accurately associated between the two images, and the measurement accuracy can be improved.
上記の流体の流れの計測方法において、複数のカラーカメラで流体の画像を互いに異なる方向から同時刻に撮影し、各カメラが同時刻に撮影した画像をパターンマッチングすることにより、各カメラが撮影した画像内の複数種類のトレーサ粒子を対応付け、個々のトレーサ粒子の流体中での３次元位置を特定するとよい。このような構成により、流体の流速や流れ方を３次元で高い精度で計測することができる。 In the fluid flow measurement method described above, images of fluids were taken from different directions at the same time with a plurality of color cameras, and each camera took a picture by pattern matching the images taken at the same time. It is preferable to associate a plurality of types of tracer particles in the image and specify the three-dimensional position of each tracer particle in the fluid. With such a configuration, it is possible to measure the flow velocity and flow of the fluid in three dimensions with high accuracy.
上記の流体の流れの計測方法において、２台のカラーカメラで流体の画像を互いに異なる方向から撮影し、２台のカメラの撮影方向のいずれにも直交する方向を向いたベクトルである法線ベクトルの方向における位置により、各画像に写る複数種類のトレーサ粒子を１次元の軸上に整列させ、当該１次元の軸上に整列させたときの２種類のトレーサ粒子の配列パターンに応じて各カメラが撮影した画像内の複数種類のトレーサ粒子を対応付けるとよい。パターンマッチングの計算量を減少させることができ、処理の負荷低減や高速化を実現することができる。 In the above-described fluid flow measurement method, a normal vector that is a vector in which fluid images are taken from different directions by two color cameras and oriented in a direction orthogonal to any of the photographing directions of the two cameras. A plurality of types of tracer particles appearing in each image are aligned on a one-dimensional axis according to the position in the direction of the image, and each camera is arranged according to the arrangement pattern of the two types of tracer particles when aligned on the one-dimensional axis. It is preferable to associate a plurality of types of tracer particles in the image taken by. The amount of calculation for pattern matching can be reduced, and the processing load can be reduced and the processing speed can be increased.
なお、上記の発明の概要は、本発明の必要な特徴の全てを列挙したものではなく、これらの特徴群のサブコンビネーションも又発明となりうる。 The above summary of the invention does not enumerate all necessary features of the present invention, and sub-combinations of these feature groups can also be the invention.
図１は、本発明の流体の流れを計測する方法が適用される流体解析装置１０の構成を示す。流体解析装置１０は、励起光照射部１１、撮像部１２、および解析部１３を備える。 FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a fluid analysis apparatus 10 to which a method for measuring a fluid flow of the present invention is applied. The fluid analysis device 10 includes an excitation light irradiation unit 11, an imaging unit 12, and an analysis unit 13.
励起光照射部１１は、励起光を出射する光源と、出射された励起光を流体１４の流れ場内に薄幅のシート状のシート光３０として投入させるシート生成光学系（例えば、スリット、レンズ等）とを有する。 The excitation light irradiation unit 11 includes a light source that emits excitation light, and a sheet generation optical system (for example, a slit, a lens, and the like) that inputs the emitted excitation light as a thin sheet-like sheet light 30 in the flow field of the fluid 14. ).
流体１４には、トレーサ粒子（２０、２１）と呼ばれる微細な粒子が混入される。トレーサ粒子の種類等は本発明で特に限定するものではないが、流体１４の種類等に応じて適宜選択される。たとえば、流体１４が液体の場合には、ポリスチレン等の樹脂系固形球形粒子等が用いられることが多い。また、流体１４が気体の場合には、水やオリーブ油等を噴霧化した微細な液滴、プラスチック製中空粒子、煙等が用いられる。本発明では、励起光が照射されると赤色の蛍光を発するトレーサ粒子２０と、励起光が照射されると緑色の蛍光を発するトレーサ粒子２１が均一に分布するように混合され他状態で用いられる。なお、便宜上、図中においてはトレーサ粒子２０を白塗りの円、トレーサ粒子２１を黒塗りの円として描いている。 The fluid 14 is mixed with fine particles called tracer particles (20, 21). The type of the tracer particles is not particularly limited in the present invention, but is appropriately selected according to the type of the fluid 14 and the like. For example, when the fluid 14 is a liquid, resin-based solid spherical particles such as polystyrene are often used. When the fluid 14 is a gas, fine droplets obtained by atomizing water, olive oil, or the like, plastic hollow particles, smoke, or the like is used. In the present invention, the tracer particles 20 that emit red fluorescence when irradiated with excitation light and the tracer particles 21 that emit green fluorescence when irradiated with excitation light are mixed and used in another state so as to be evenly distributed. . For convenience, in the figure, the tracer particles 20 are drawn as white circles and the tracer particles 21 are drawn as black circles.
励起光照射部１１を構成する光源は、青色発光ダイオードを用いる。青色発光ダイオードは、波長４２０ｎｍ前後で、実用上単一波長とみなせる発光をする。青色発光ダイオードの発する光は、トレーサ粒子２０、２１の発する蛍光の色（赤及び緑）と容易に分離ができるので、光源からの光が直接または間接的に撮像部１２に入力されたとしても、計測結果への影響を排除することができる。また、ＰＩＶ法では光源を精密にパルス駆動する必要があるが、発光ダイオードは駆動電流を供給してから数百ナノ秒で発光し、レーザと同等の応答性が得られるのでのＰＩＶ法に用いる光源として十分な応答性を備える。 A blue light-emitting diode is used as a light source constituting the excitation light irradiation unit 11. The blue light emitting diode emits light having a wavelength of about 420 nm and can be regarded as a single wavelength in practice. The light emitted from the blue light-emitting diode can be easily separated from the fluorescent colors (red and green) emitted from the tracer particles 20 and 21, so that even if the light from the light source is directly or indirectly input to the imaging unit 12. The influence on the measurement result can be eliminated. The PIV method requires precise pulse driving of the light source, but the light emitting diode emits light within a few hundred nanoseconds after supplying a driving current, and can be used for the PIV method because the same responsiveness as a laser can be obtained. Sufficient response as a light source.
原理的には光源としてＣＷレーザ、パルスレーザ等のレーザを用いることもできるが、広範囲を励起するには強力なレーザを用いる必要があるため、目の保護等、取り扱いに注意が必要である。これに対し、発光ダイオードでは、レーザ程の危険はなく取り扱いが容易である。 In principle, a laser such as a CW laser or a pulse laser can be used as a light source. However, in order to excite a wide range, it is necessary to use a powerful laser. On the other hand, the light emitting diode is not as dangerous as a laser and is easy to handle.
なお、ＰＩＶ法で測定する場合には、励起光照射部１１の発光と撮像部１２の撮像タイミングとの間で同期を取る必要がある。同期を取るためには、励起光照射部１１または撮像部１２の一方の同期信号を他方に供給してもよいし、シンクロナイザなどの同期装置を用いてもよい。 In addition, when measuring by the PIV method, it is necessary to synchronize between the light emission of the excitation light irradiation unit 11 and the imaging timing of the imaging unit 12. In order to synchronize, one synchronization signal of the excitation light irradiation unit 11 or the imaging unit 12 may be supplied to the other, or a synchronization device such as a synchronizer may be used.
撮像部１２は、撮像用レンズ、およびカラーカメラを有する。カラーカメラは、例えばＣＣＤ（Charge Coupled Device）イメージセンサやＣＭＯＳ（Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor）イメージセンサ等の撮像素子および三原色を色分解するカラーフィルタなどにより構成され、トレーサ粒子２０、２１に励起光が照射されることによって得られる蛍光を取り込んでカラーの映像信号を生成して解析部１３に与える。以下の説明では、撮像部１２から取得した映像信号にもとづく画像を「撮影画像」という。 The imaging unit 12 includes an imaging lens and a color camera. The color camera is composed of an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor and a color filter that separates the three primary colors, and the tracer particles 20 and 21 are irradiated with excitation light. In this way, the fluorescent light obtained is taken in, and a color video signal is generated and supplied to the analysis unit 13. In the following description, an image based on the video signal acquired from the imaging unit 12 is referred to as a “captured image”.
撮像部１２が生成する映像信号には撮影画像の画素値の情報が含まれる。解析部１３は、この映像信号から撮影画像を構成する各画素の画素座標の情報および画素値の情報（少なくとも明度（または輝度、濃度）の情報）を得ることができる。 The video signal generated by the imaging unit 12 includes pixel value information of the captured image. The analysis unit 13 can obtain pixel coordinate information and pixel value information (at least lightness (or luminance, density) information) of each pixel constituting the captured image from the video signal.
解析部１３は、撮像部１２から受けた撮影画像に基づいて流体１４の流速、流れの方向等の解析を行う。なお、解析部１３のハードウエア形態は、本発明で特に限定するものではなく、例えば汎用のコンピュータで構成される。 The analysis unit 13 analyzes the flow velocity, the flow direction, and the like of the fluid 14 based on the captured image received from the imaging unit 12. The hardware configuration of the analysis unit 13 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and is configured by, for example, a general-purpose computer.
例えばＰＩＶ法による解析を行う場合、解析部１３は撮像部１２から連続した２時刻の撮影画像を受け取り、２つの撮影画像中のトレーサ粒子の変位に基づいて流速や流れの方向を求める。２つの撮影画像に写るトレーサ粒子の数が少ない場合には、個々の粒子を識別して２つの画像間で同じ粒子を対応付けることは比較的容易であるが、粒子の数が少ない場合には、撮影画像中で流れの解析ができる箇所が少なくなる。一方、画像に写るトレーサ粒子の数が多くなると、撮影画像中で多くの箇所の解析を行うことができるものの、トレーサ粒子の対応付けが困難となり、誤った対応付けをした場合には誤った解析結果が得られることとなる。従来の１種類のトレーサ粒子を用いた手法では、一種類の蛍光の位置や配置パターンから対応付けを行うに過ぎなかったため、比較的少量のトレーサ粒子供給量においても誤認識が発生し、供給量の増加とともに誤認識も増加していた。これに対して、本例では２種類のトレーサ粒子２０、２１を混合して供給するため、一種類の蛍光の位置や配置パターンだけでなく、２色の蛍光の配列・配置パターンで２つの撮影画像に写るトレーサ粒子の対応付けができるので、１種類のトレーサ粒子の濃度の増加に応じて粒子の誤認識が増加し始める濃度よりも高い濃度でトレーサ粒子を供給することができ、解析の精度を高めることができる。 For example, when performing analysis by the PIV method, the analysis unit 13 receives continuous two-time captured images from the image capturing unit 12 and determines the flow velocity and the flow direction based on the displacement of the tracer particles in the two captured images. When the number of tracer particles appearing in two captured images is small, it is relatively easy to identify individual particles and associate the same particles between the two images, but when the number of particles is small, There are fewer places in the captured image where flow analysis is possible. On the other hand, if the number of tracer particles appearing in the image increases, it is possible to analyze many locations in the captured image, but it becomes difficult to associate the tracer particles. A result will be obtained. In the conventional method using one type of tracer particle, since the association is merely performed from the position and arrangement pattern of one type of fluorescence, erroneous recognition occurs even with a relatively small amount of tracer particle supply, and the supply amount As the number of people increased, misrecognition also increased. On the other hand, in this example, since two types of tracer particles 20 and 21 are mixed and supplied, not only one type of fluorescence position and arrangement pattern but also two types of fluorescence arrangement and arrangement patterns are used for photographing. Since the tracer particles appearing in the image can be associated, the tracer particles can be supplied at a concentration higher than the concentration at which the erroneous recognition of the particles starts to increase as the concentration of one type of tracer particle increases. Can be increased.
図２（ａ）および（ｂ）は、本発明の実施形態に係る流体解析装置１０により所定の時間間隔を空けて連続して撮影された２枚の撮影画像の例を模式的に示している。これら２枚の撮影画像中のトレーサ粒子が仮に１色だとすると、撮影間隔の間にどのトレーサ粒子がどこまで移動したのか判別することは困難である。しかし、本例においては、波長の異なる蛍光を発する２種類のトレーサ粒子２０、２１が混じっているため、図２（ａ）および（ｂ）に示されたような配置でトレーサ粒子が並んだとしても、２枚の画像間で、個々のトレーサ粒子を対応付け、撮影間隔の間の移動量および移動方向を求めることができ、これらの情報から流体の流速や流体の流れ方（流体の挙動）を可視化して測定することができる。なお、図２では、本発明の利点を理解し易くすべく、現実の流体中では起こる可能性が低い幾何学的な配置でトレーサ粒子が並んでいる例を用いて単純化して説明したが、現実の流体を形跡する場合においても本例で説明した利点が得られることは言うまでもない。 2 (a) and 2 (b) schematically show examples of two photographed images continuously photographed at a predetermined time interval by the fluid analyzing apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention. . If the tracer particles in these two photographed images are one color, it is difficult to determine which tracer particles have moved to during the photographing interval. However, in this example, since two types of tracer particles 20 and 21 emitting fluorescence having different wavelengths are mixed, it is assumed that the tracer particles are arranged in an arrangement as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and (b). In addition, individual tracer particles can be associated between two images, and the amount and direction of movement during the imaging interval can be determined. From this information, fluid flow velocity and fluid flow (fluid behavior) Can be visualized and measured. In FIG. 2, in order to make it easier to understand the advantages of the present invention, the description is simplified by using an example in which tracer particles are arranged in a geometrical arrangement that is unlikely to occur in an actual fluid. It goes without saying that the advantages described in this example can be obtained even in the case of recording the actual fluid.
上記の実施形態では、１台のカメラで流体１４を撮影したが、複数のカメラで流体を撮影してもよい。そして、撮像部１２として複数のカメラを用いて流体を撮影し、各カメラで撮影して得られた撮影画像を利用して流体１４の流れを解析する。複数のカメラによる撮影画像を用いることでトレーサ粒子２０、２１の位置を３次元で特定することができ、流体１４の流れの解析を３次元で行うことができる。 In the above embodiment, the fluid 14 is photographed by one camera, but the fluid may be photographed by a plurality of cameras. And the fluid is image | photographed using several cameras as the imaging part 12, and the flow of the fluid 14 is analyzed using the picked-up image obtained by image | photographing with each camera. By using images taken by a plurality of cameras, the positions of the tracer particles 20 and 21 can be specified in three dimensions, and the flow of the fluid 14 can be analyzed in three dimensions.
このような３次元での流れ解析を行う場合、流体に照射する励起光照射部１１は、シート光ではなく、奥行きのある流れ場全体に励起光を照射する。広範囲に強い光を照射すべく、励起光照射部１１として複数の青色発光ダイオードを用いることが好適であり、当該複数の青色発光ダイオードを同期して発行させることが好ましい。平面上に青色発光ダイオードを所定の間隔で配置し、計測城全体に一様に励起光を照射するようにするとよい。高出力のレーザを励起光照射部として用いる場合と比べ、青色発光ダイオードを用いる場合は、出力光を直接または間接的に見ることによる眼へのダメージ等が生じにくく、複数を同期動作させた場合にも光源の取り扱いが容易である点で優れている。 When performing such three-dimensional flow analysis, the excitation light irradiation unit 11 that irradiates the fluid irradiates the entire flow field with depth, not the sheet light. In order to irradiate strong light over a wide range, it is preferable to use a plurality of blue light emitting diodes as the excitation light irradiating unit 11, and it is preferable to emit the plurality of blue light emitting diodes synchronously. Blue light emitting diodes may be arranged on the plane at a predetermined interval so that the entire measurement castle is irradiated with excitation light uniformly. Compared to using a high-power laser as the excitation light irradiation unit, when using a blue light-emitting diode, it is less likely to cause damage to the eyes due to direct or indirect viewing of the output light, and multiple units are operated synchronously In addition, the light source is easy to handle.
このように複数のカメラを用いて流体１４の撮影を行う場合、励起光照射部１１の発光と撮像部１２の撮像タイミングとの間で同期を取る必要があり、複数のカメラ間の撮影タイミングが一致するよう同期を取る必要もある。同期を取るためには、励起光照射部１１または撮像部１２を構成する複数のカメラのいずれかが出力する同期信号を他に供給してもよいし、シンクロナイザなどの同期装置を用いてもよい。 When photographing the fluid 14 using a plurality of cameras in this way, it is necessary to synchronize between the light emission of the excitation light irradiation unit 11 and the imaging timing of the imaging unit 12, and the imaging timing between the plurality of cameras is the same. It is also necessary to synchronize to match. In order to achieve synchronization, a synchronization signal output from any of the plurality of cameras constituting the excitation light irradiation unit 11 or the imaging unit 12 may be supplied to another, or a synchronization device such as a synchronizer may be used. .
図３（ａ）および（ｂ）は、撮像部１２を構成する２台のカメラにより異なる角度から流体１４の共通の領域を撮影した２枚の撮影画像の例を模式的に示している。各図において枠外に描かれた矢印は、２台のカメラの撮影方向のいずれにも直交する方向を向いたベクトルである法線ベクトルの方向を示す。図４（ａ）および（ｂ）は、解析部１３が２枚の撮影画像に写るトレーサ粒子を対応付ける際に行う１次元化処理を示す模式図である。解析部１３は、各撮影画像について、図４（ａ）および（ｂ）における一点鎖線の枠内に整列させたように、法線ベクトルの方向における位置によりトレーサ粒子（言い換えると、写っている蛍光の波長、つまり色）を１次元の軸上に整列させる。そして整列させた１次元の列における２種類のトレーサ粒子（２０、２１）の配列パターンによりマッチングを行う。同時刻における法線ベクトル方向についてのトレーサ粒子の並び順は２枚の画像で共通となるので、容易かつ正確にトレーサ粒子の対応付けを行うことができる。２次元でのマッチングと較べて計算量が少なく有利である。 FIGS. 3A and 3B schematically show examples of two captured images obtained by capturing a common region of the fluid 14 from different angles by two cameras constituting the imaging unit 12. In each figure, an arrow drawn outside the frame indicates the direction of a normal vector that is a vector oriented in a direction orthogonal to any of the shooting directions of the two cameras. FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic diagrams showing a one-dimensionalization process performed when the analysis unit 13 associates tracer particles appearing in two photographed images. The analysis unit 13 uses the tracer particles (in other words, the reflected fluorescence in accordance with the position in the direction of the normal vector, as shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. Are aligned on a one-dimensional axis. Then, matching is performed using an array pattern of two types of tracer particles (20, 21) in the aligned one-dimensional row. Since the arrangement order of the tracer particles in the normal vector direction at the same time is common to the two images, the tracer particles can be easily and accurately associated. Compared with two-dimensional matching, the amount of calculation is small and advantageous.
以上、本発明を実施の形態を用いて説明したが、本発明の技術的範囲は上記実施の形態に記載の範囲には限定されない。上記実施の形態に、多様な変更又は改良を加えることができることが当業者に明らかである。 As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated using embodiment, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the range as described in the said embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications or improvements can be added to the above-described embodiment.
例えば上記の実施形態では用いるトレーサ粒子の蛍光色を２種類としたが、３種類以上の蛍光色のトレーサ粒子を用いても構わない。このとき、複数色の蛍光は互いに識別可能であり、かつ、励起光とも識別可能であるよう選択するとよい。色を利用することにより撮影画像のマッチングの精度を高めることができ、その結果、流体の流れの測定の精度を高めることができる。 For example, in the above embodiment, the tracer particles used have two types of fluorescent colors, but three or more types of fluorescent color tracer particles may be used. At this time, it is preferable to select such that the fluorescence of the plurality of colors can be distinguished from each other and also from the excitation light. By using the color, it is possible to increase the accuracy of matching of the captured image, and as a result, it is possible to increase the accuracy of measurement of the fluid flow.
この様な変更又は改良を加えた形態も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれ得ることが、特許請求の範囲の記載から明らかである。 It is apparent from the scope of the claims that the embodiments added with such changes or improvements can be included in the technical scope of the present invention.
１０ 流体解析装置
１１ 励起光照射部
１２ 撮像部
１３ 解析部
１４ 流体
２０ トレーサ粒子
３０ シート光
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fluid analyzer 11 Excitation light irradiation part 12 Imaging part 13 Analysis part 14 Fluid 20 Tracer particle 30 Sheet light
Claims (7)
互いに異なる波長の蛍光を発光する複数種類のトレーサ粒子を均一に分布するように混合した状態で前記流体に供給し、
前記流体に対し励起光を照射して前記複数種類のトレーサ粒子に蛍光を発光させ、
前記流体の画像を複数種類のトレーサ粒子の発する蛍光の波長を識別可能に撮影して前記流体の流れを計測することを特徴とする流体の流れの計測方法。 A method of measuring the flow of the fluid by irradiating the fluid supplied with tracer particles with excitation light and observing fluorescence from the tracer particles,
A plurality of types of tracer particles that emit fluorescence of different wavelengths are supplied to the fluid in a mixed state so as to be uniformly distributed,
Irradiating excitation light to the fluid to cause the plurality of types of tracer particles to emit fluorescence,
A method for measuring a fluid flow, wherein the fluid flow is imaged so that the wavelengths of fluorescence emitted by a plurality of types of tracer particles can be identified, and the fluid flow is measured.
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