JP2014208972A - Attachable-detachable dome type structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem of being high in danger when the labor number is many, since there is the situation of being obliged to execute co-fastening work with a bolt-nut in a high place such as a stepladder by using a tool, by collecting 5-6 frame end parts in one place, when assembling a temporary tent structure of particularly requiring quick installation, since an existing geodesic dome (or a fleer dome) requires a plurality of operators for providing constant working efficiency by using the tool for providing joining strength.SOLUTION: A system is constructed as an easily attachable-detachable joining method of a frame and a joint, by which when assembling a structure, at the time of inserting the frame into a joint corresponding place, a carving-in part applied to a frame end part can be inserted and joined with a single operation by hooking on a hook installed in joint respective parts, and when disassembling the structure, a fastening part of a joint central part is fastened, so that the carving-in part of the frame end part slips out of the hook, and the frame is easily extracted from a joint insertion part.

Description

  The present invention relates to a dome-shaped structure, and more particularly, to a dome-shaped structure with improved performance for easily and quickly detaching structure elements.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a dome-shaped structure called a geodesic dome (or fuller dome) having a substantially hemispherical appearance composed of a large number of triangles inscribed in the same sphere (hereinafter referred to as a geodesic dome structure) is known. Many geodesic dome structures are used as permanent buildings.

  On the other hand, there is a geodesic dome type structure (hereinafter referred to as a geodesic dome type tent) used as a temporary tent. This geodesic dome type tent is composed of an iron pipe frame, bolts and nuts as shown in FIG. The frame is assembled by a method in which a hole is formed in a portion where both ends of the frame are flatly crimped, and the ends of the frames are overlapped at one place and fastened with bolts and nuts.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-066114 JP 2007-239388 A US2682235 A

Backminster Fuller / Robert W. Marks Co-authored by Yasushi Kijima / Tadao Umezawa “World of Buckminster Fuller's Dimaxion” Kashima Publishing Co., Ltd. March 1978 Lloyd Kahn / work Kazuaki Tamai / Japanese version supervision "SHELTER" World Photo Press October 2001

  According to the technologies listed above, existing permanent geodesic dome type structures and temporary geodesic dome type tents require a large number of parts or use tools in the process of assembly and disassembly work. There are no contrivances for quick and easy assembly and disassembly such as the occurrence of a problem and the need for a plurality of workers to obtain a certain work efficiency.

  When assembling the structure of the geodesic dome type tent, which requires particularly quick installation, collect 5-6 holes at one end of the frame as shown in FIG. When attaching the upper frame member that must be done at a high place such as a stepladder, it is necessary to remove the temporarily assembled bolts and nuts and then tighten and fix them again. In some cases, a plurality of workers are required to carry out the work, which is troublesome and dangerous.

(Claim 1)
The first invention described in claim 1 is a smaller number generated by dividing each side of each equilateral triangle constituting the icosahedron into n equal parts (n ≧ 2) and connecting the divided points of each side. Connect the vertices of the regular triangle and the center of the sphere circumscribing the icosahedron with lines, and the intersection of these lines and the circumscribed sphere of the icosahedron is circumscribed by the icosahedron that is connected by a line. This is a dome-shaped structure that uses a geometric form composed of a large number of triangles inscribed in a sphere, and has frames and joints arranged at locations corresponding to the positions of each side and each vertex. When installing on a flat place, if n is an even number, a hemispherical line is used, and if n is an odd number, a relatively flat line that is close to the hemispherical line is used as the base, simplifying the component configuration to be extremely small, The detachable dome structure is characterized in that assembly and disassembly of the dome structure can be carried out quickly and easily by a joining method using a detachable frame and a joint.

  The detachable dome structure constructed as described above has a different structure depending on the division number n. Here, the structure in the case of n = 2 (FIG. 1A), the structure in the case of n = 3 (FIG. 1). (B) and FIG. 1 (C)) are illustrated.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the frame end portion is composed of two types, a P-type end portion s cut at 72 ° and an H-type end portion t cut at 60 °, and the end portion is formed by P-type and H-type. PH type frame v and both ends are classified into HH type frames w formed by H type, and the number of types of frame length to be used differs depending on the number of divisions n. Large: HH type frame w, Small: PH type frame v), and when the number of divisions n = 3, large, medium, and small types (large: HH type frame w, medium: HH type frame w, small: PH type frame) v). The length of each frame has a fixed ratio x depending on the number of divisions n, and is calculated based on the radius r of the removable dome structure.

  The joint can be used in common regardless of the number of divisions n of the removable dome-shaped structure. P type joint (Fig. 3) that inserts and joins 5 frames and H type joint that inserts and joins 6 frames. (FIG. 4). The base part is used by inserting and joining four frames to an H-shaped joint. When the division number n = 2, an L-shaped base (FIG. 5) is attached, and when n = 3, a saddle-shaped base (FIG. 6) is attached. use.

(Claim 2)
The second invention according to claim 2 includes a hook mechanism for quickly and easily inserting and joining the detachable frame and joint as described above, and a mechanism capable of joining and separating the frame and the joint without using a tool. The detachable dome-type structure according to claim 1, which can be assembled and disassembled quickly and easily.

  The detachable dome type structure composed of the above detachable frame and joint is inserted into the frame along the guide bar f attached to the joint round plate o at the time of assembly, and the engraving applied to the end of the frame Part a is hooked to hook b attached to joint o and joined without using a tool. At the time of disassembly, only one tightening wing nut c at the center of the joint is loosened without using a tool, By widening the gap between the joint round plates o, the engraved part a of the frame end is detached from the hook b attached to the joint o, and the frame can be pulled out from the joint insertion part, so that it can be assembled and disassembled quickly and easily. Features.

  According to the first invention or the second invention, the detachable dome structure according to the present invention uses a rational geometry and is composed of very few simplified types of frames and joints only. At the time of assembly, the frame is inserted along the guide bar f of the joint, and the engraved portion a at the end of the frame is hooked to the hook b to be joined. At the time of disassembly, only the wing nut c1 at the center of the joint is hand-held. By loosening and widening the gap between the joint round plates, the engraved part a of the frame end is released from the hook b attached to the joint o, and the whole process is done manually by a mechanism that can be easily pulled out from the joint insertion part. As a result, it can be assembled and disassembled quickly and easily.

Front view of detachable dome structure (number of divisions n = 2 and 3) according to an embodiment of the present invention The perspective view of PH type | mold frame and HH type | mold frame which comprise the detachable dome type structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and the elements on larger scale of each edge part The front view of P-type joint which comprises the detachable dome shape structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and sectional drawing by cutting line XY The front view of H type joint which constitutes the removable dome shape structure concerning an embodiment of the invention, and sectional drawing by cutting line XY The perspective view of the L-shaped base which comprises the removable dome shape structure which concerns on embodiment of this invention The perspective view of the saddle type base which constitutes the detachable dome shape structure concerning an embodiment of the invention Partial enlarged view of the joint portion of the frame according to the embodiment of the geodesic dome type tent as the prior art

  One embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIG.

The material used for the frame is light, excellent in tensile strength, and has high elasticity to rebound to the hook b side by bending, and bamboo is used as a material with low environmental impact. : 40 to 42 mm, thickness: 10 mm, regardless of the division number n, the frame length l varies depending on the radius r of the detachable dome structure, and the following calculation formula “l = r × x− ( Bolt diameter + 2 mm) ”. In this calculation formula, x is a frame length ratio set for each division number n, and each numerical value is described below.
The PH type frame v is processed with a P-type end s having a cut angle of 72 ° on one side and an H-type end t having a cut angle of 60 ° on the other side, and the HH type frame w is 60 ° at both ends. The H-shaped end t of the cut angle is processed. Regardless of the P-type end s or H-type end t, the bamboo surface (high fiber density) is processed with the engraved part a and attached so that the surface faces the outside of the structure. To use.

FIG. 1 (A) shows a detachable dome structure with a division number n = 2. Since the vertex is located on the hemispherical line h and a flat line is obtained, a base joint is attached to each vertex on the hemispherical line h. Place. The base joint is used with an L-shaped pedestal attached to an H-shaped joint.
A total of 65 frames of two types, large and small, with different length ratios x are used at locations corresponding to each side of the dome-shaped structure with the division number n = 2, and each quantity / frame length ratio x is an HH type frame (large ): 35 lines / x = 0.618, PH type frame (small): 30 lines / x = 0.547. There are a total of 26 P-type joints: 6 and 20 H-type joints (of which 10 are L-type pedestals).
As for the arrangement of the frame and the joint, a P-type joint is arranged at a location corresponding to a pentagonal center u made of five triangles, and a P-type end portion s of a PH type frame (small) is inserted and joined to the P-type joint. . All other sides and vertices are arranged with HH type frames (large) and H type joints.

1 (B) and 1 (C) are dome-shaped structures with a division number n = 3, and there are no vertices on the hemispherical line h, but there are 3/8 spherical line i and 5/8 spherical line j. Since each of the vertices existing along the line has a height deviation, a relatively flat line is obtained, so that the base part is located at each of the vertices along the 3/8 sphere line i and the 5/8 sphere line j. Place the joint.
The saddle type pedestal can be adjusted by the direction of attaching the saddle type pedestal, the difference between the two height deviations that occur between each apex existing around the 3/8 ball line i and 5/8 ball line j, It can be used as a saddle type high pedestal k with the H type joint attached to the high position shown in FIG. 6A and a vertical type low pedestal m with the H type joint attached to the low position shown in FIG. 6B. In the case of a 3/8 ball line i, the arrangement of the V-type pedestals having different heights is as shown in FIG. 1B in the order of low m → low m → high k →. As shown in (C), in the case of the 5/8 ball line j, they are arranged in the order of high k → high k → low m →.
In addition, the orientation of the mounting surfaces of the saddle type pedestal and the H type joint is different depending on the 3/8 ball line i and the 5/8 ball line j. In the case of 3/8 ball line i, a saddle type pedestal is attached to the aluminum round plate q side which is the inner surface of the dome of the H type joint, and in the case of 5/8 ball line j, it is the outer surface of the dome of the H type joint. A vertical base is attached on the aluminum round plate o side.
120 frames of three types of large, medium, and small types having different length ratios x at locations corresponding to the respective sides of the dome-shaped structure with the number of divisions n = 3 (base portion is 3/8 sphere line) shown in FIG. Each quantity / frame length ratio x is HH type frame (large): 50 lines x = 0.512, HH type frame (medium): 40 lines x = 0.404, PH type frame (small): 30 lines x = 0.349. There are a total of 46 P-type joints: 6 and 40 H-type joints (of which 15 are fitted with saddle-type pedestals) at locations corresponding to each vertex.
A total of 165 large, medium, and small types of frames with different length ratios x at locations corresponding to the respective sides of the dome-shaped structure with the division number n = 3 (base portion is 5/8 spherical line) shown in FIG. Is used. Each quantity is HH type frame (large): 80 lines x = 0.512, HH type frame (medium): 55 lines x = 0.404, and PH type frame (small): 30 lines x = 0.349. There are a total of 61 P-type joints: 6 and 55 H-type joints (of which 15 are fitted with saddle-type pedestals) at locations corresponding to each vertex.
As for the arrangement of the frame and the joint, a P-type joint is arranged at a location corresponding to a pentagonal center u made of five triangles, and a P-type end portion s of a PH type frame (small) is inserted and joined to the P-type joint. . Each other vertex has an HH frame (medium and large) and an H joint, but for the HH frame (middle), there are five triangles that contain the P joint and the PH frame (small). Are arranged in the portion corresponding to the side of the pentagon formed in the above, and the portion corresponding to the side of the hexagon (made of six triangles) adjacent to the pentagon and sharing the side of the pentagon as one side, and the remaining HH The mold frame (large) is arranged in a portion corresponding to six sides enclosed in a hexagon surrounded by the above-described HH frame (middle).

The P-type joint and H-type joint have a hole in the center of two aluminum round plates, and one of them is an aluminum round plate o placed on the outer surface of the dome. A hook b using a stainless steel T-shaped corner bar is fixed with an aluminum round rivet e at a position corresponding to the engraved portion a when it is inserted into the frame, and a stainless steel bar rivet e is used as a guide bar f indicating the frame insertion position. A pan screw and a nut are attached, and a vinyl tube is cut to an arbitrary length as a cushioning material g to avoid direct contact between the frame and the guide bar f, and is fitted into the pan screw. As a result, the guide bar f adjusts the width and thickness of the frame to be inserted, and fulfills the function of a guide indicating the insertion portion.
In order to make it usable as a joint, the above-described two aluminum round plates are passed through the hole in the center portion and tightened with a stainless steel bolt d and a wing nut b. At that time, the surface to which the hook b or guide bar f is attached is sandwiched between two aluminum round plates, and the bolt d is inserted from the aluminum round plate o side to which the hook b or guide bar f is attached. Tighten with a wing nut c from the opposite side through two aluminum round plates.

  The L-type pedestal and saddle-shaped pedestal used at the base are bent stainless steel plates. The bending angle is 90 ° for the L-type pedestal and 80 ° for the saddle-type pedestal. The length is 100 mm for the L-shaped pedestal, 140 mm for the vertical pedestal k for the vertical pedestal, and 100 mm for the vertical pedestal m.

Effects of the embodiment

Since the dome-shaped structure which is an embodiment according to the present invention utilizes the characteristics of a sphere that can obtain the maximum volume with a minimum surface area, it is more efficient than a structure with a similar volume. The material can be utilized. In addition, since it is composed of a small number of parts and can be shared by a dome-shaped structure having a different number of divisions n, it is highly versatile and suitable for mass production.
By using bamboo, which is an elastic material with low environmental impact, as a frame, the dome-shaped structure is rounded by the bending of the bamboo, so the geodesic dome structure that is the background technology and the geodesic dome made of iron pipe Compared to the type tent, it has a shape closer to a sphere, and it can give an organic and soft impression while having a geometric shape. In addition, it can be expected to be effective in promoting the use of abandoned bamboo forests, which has become a national issue.

a Engraved part b Hook c Wing nut d Bolt e Aluminum round rivet f Guide bar g Buffer material h Hemispherical line i 3/8 ball line j 5/8 ball line k Vertical type high base m Vertical type low base o Joint round Plate (outside of dome) q Joint round plate (inside of dome)
s P-type end t H-type end u P-type joint location v PH-type frame w HH-type frame

Claims (2)

  Each side of each equilateral triangle constituting the regular icosahedron is divided into n equal parts (n ≧ 2) and the divided points of each side are connected to each other, and each vertex of a smaller number of equilateral triangles and the regular 20 The center of the sphere circumscribing the face is connected by lines, and the intersection of these lines and the circumscribing sphere of the icosahedron is connected by a line and is composed of a number of triangles inscribed in the sphere circumscribing the icosahedron. This is a dome-shaped structure in which a frame and a joint are arranged at locations corresponding to the positions of each side and each vertex. When installing on a flat place, if n is an even number, a hemispherical line is used, and if n is an odd number, a relatively flat line that is close to the hemispherical line is used as the base, simplifying the component configuration to be extremely small, The detachable dome structure is characterized in that assembly and disassembly of the dome structure can be carried out quickly and easily by a joining method using a detachable frame and a joint.   In order to quickly and easily insert and join the detachable frame and joint as described above, a hook mechanism is provided so that the frame and joint can be joined and separated without using a tool. The detachable dome structure according to claim 1.

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