JP2014207872A - Production method of local concentrated search type natural enemy - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method to improve an initial fixing ratio of a natural enemy after discharging without increasing cost and labor.SOLUTION: In a universe consisting of populations belonging to Class Insecta or Class Arachnida as natural enemies for biological controls, a local concentrated search type natural enemy with high fixity is chosen by extracting individuals of low-order 35% of walking and/or flying active mass during some period of time.

Description

  The present invention relates to biological control against agricultural pests. In particular, the present invention relates to a region-intensive search-type natural enemy preparation with a high land retention rate after release, and a method for easily selecting and creating a region-intensive search-type natural enemy.

  Thrips are difficult insects that cause serious damage to various crops including vegetables, fruit trees and tea. Conventionally, chemical pesticides containing thiamethoxam, emamectin benzoate, fenitrothion and the like as active ingredients have been mainly used for controlling insects. However, chemical pesticide-based control is no longer limited because of the emergence of drug-resistant individuals, environmental pollution, and residue on crops.

  In recent years, there has been a demand for a shift to a sustainable control technology that is in harmony with the environment due to a growing interest in consideration of the environment, and biological control has attracted attention as an alternative control technology for chemical pesticides.

  Biological control is a method of controlling pests, pathogenic microorganisms, weeds, etc. by using natural enemies as biological pesticides (natural enemy preparations) based on predation-feeding relationships and host parasite relationships in natural ecosystems.

  Traditionally, Amblyseius swirskii has been the most commonly used biological enemy for thrips. However, this species had a problem that the activity was slow at a low temperature below 15 ° C., and the control effect was significantly reduced.

  Insects of the family Anthocoridae can also be very effective natural enemy preparations for controlling thrips. Japanese indigenous natural enemies, Orius strigicollis, are known to have a high predation of thrips, be able to work at temperatures as low as 11 ° C, and have a short sleep under short days. For this reason (Non-patent Document 1), it is effective as a natural enemy preparation under facility horticulture centering on forcing cultivation, and has already been put into practical use. However, this species has a big problem that the initial colonization rate and the growth rate after release are low (Non-patent Document 2). In this field, the natural enemies are released at the initial stage of occurrence of the target pests (Non-patent Document 3), and the density of the target pests is suppressed in advance by spraying chemical pesticides before the natural enemies are released (Non-patent Document 4). As a result of the lack of thrips that serve as food immediately after release, this species is thought to be the main cause of death or escape from the facility. Therefore, to effectively control target insect pests such as thrips by using the tiger beetle, it is a big issue to improve the fixing rate immediately after release.

  As a solution to the above problem, a method has been developed for releasing a red-tailed thrips (Haplothrips brevitubus) as a booster natural enemy (reinforced natural enemy material), and its practical application has been studied (Non-patent Document 5). Akamegasiwada thrips are superior in that they are not only a substitute food for the tiger beetle in the initial release of natural enemies where the density of thrips is low, but they can themselves be natural enemy preparations that prey on other thrips. Also, development of vegetation management technology utilizing in-sectorary plants that promotes the establishment and reproduction of insects of the native enemies are non-patent documents 6). Insectoral plants are also called natural enemy recharge plants, and can increase the retention rate on crops by providing environmental conditions in which natural enemies are easy to work. However, these methods also have problems. In general, biological control tends to be more costly than chemical control, but the introduction of alternative foods and in-sectorary plants such as Akamegasuwa Thrips will further increase costs. In addition, the introduction of insectorary plants requires a great deal of labor in addition to the crops, which requires its own cultivation management.

  As another solution, a method using a breeding improved natural enemy line is known. For example, when using Nami tento (Harmonia axyridis) or phthalmon tento (Adalia bipunctata) as a natural enemy preparation of aphids, there is a method for improving the fixation rate on crops by growing a non-flyable line (Patent Document 1). Non-patent documents 7 and 8). Similarly, it is expected that the growth rate of crops will be improved by disabling flying ability, but the insects of this species, such as this species, are only about 1-2 mm in adult length and are small in size. For this reason, the ability to disperse by walking is inferior to that of Nami Tento, whose adult body length is about 5-8 mm. For this reason, if the flying ability is lost, the dispersion ability is excessively suppressed, and the control effect is lowered. Furthermore, the improvement in the fixation rate due to the disabling of the flying ability is an effect obtained only at the adult stage, and in the case of a small species with excellent dispersion ability, it is dispersed at the larva stage, and sufficient fixation The problem that the effect cannot be obtained also remains.

JP2010-183902

Kajimoto Kazuki et al., 2003, Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 47 (1): 19-28. Kajimoto Kazuki et al., 2007, Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 51 (1): 29-37. Japan Plant Protection Association, 2002, Biopesticide Handbook 2002, Tokyo, 205pp. Umekawa Manabu et al., 2005, IPM manual-Pest management technology for reducing environmental impact, Central Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, 236pp. Eiaki Inoue et al., 2008, Plant Protection 62 (11): 601-606. Kazuya Nagai and Koji Tobikawa, 2012, Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 56 (2): 57-64. Seko et al., 2008, Biological Control 47 (2): 194-198. Lommen et al., 2008, Biological Control 47 (3): 340-346.

  An object of the present invention is to develop and provide a method for increasing the land retention rate of natural enemies after release without increasing costs and labor.

  In general, predators carefully search the surroundings without much hesitation when there are many host (or prey) people to feed, and when they recognize that there are few hosts, it is linear. Move quickly to another feeding area (wide area search). These host-seeking behaviors are known to switch in many organisms depending on food density (Jander, 1975, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 6: 171-188). In addition, it has been confirmed in some insects that the timing for switching the search behavior varies among individuals (Ferran et al., 1994, Journal of Insect Behavior, 7 (5): 633-647).

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conceived a method for enhancing the function of the natural enemy itself to increase the land retention rate after release, and have completed the invention based on that method. Specifically, a method to improve the retention rate by selecting individuals with behavioral characteristics specialized in regional intensive search and creating their strains without switching to wide area search even under low target pest density conditions It is. In order to establish the method, it is necessary to efficiently select individuals having a long region-intensive search time. However, it is not easy to identify and select individuals having such behavioral characteristics from a group. However, as a result of research, the present inventors have found that there is a high negative correlation between the time for local concentration search of natural enemies per fixed time and the amount of walking and / or flying activity. By extracting individuals with a low amount of walking and / or flying activity, we succeeded in selecting individuals with a long regional concentration search time simply and efficiently. The present invention has been completed based on the findings and experimental results, and provides the following.

(1) In the population consisting of individuals belonging to the insect class (Insecta) or the spider class (Arachnida) as natural enemies for biological control, the lower 35% of individuals with low walking and / or flying activity per fixed time A regional intensive search type natural enemy selection method including the process of extracting.
(2) The selection method according to (1), wherein the population is hungry.
(3) The selection method according to (1) or (2), wherein the population is composed of 50 to 300 individuals.
(4) The natural enemies belong to any one of the group consisting of the group of the family Beetle, Miridae, Lygaeidae, Coccinellidae, and Phytoseiidae. The selection method according to any one of 3).
(5) A first mating step in which mating is carried out using at least one of the individuals obtained by the selection method according to (1) to (4) as a parent individual, and a population comprising a mating individual obtained after the first mating step A region-intensive search-type natural enemy creation method including a first cross individual extraction step of extracting individuals in the lower 35% having a low amount of walking and / or flying activity per certain time in the above.
(6) In a inbred mating step in which inbred mating is performed at least once with the individual obtained in the first mating individual extraction step as a parent individual, and in a population consisting of the mating individuals obtained after the mating step, A method of creating a regional intensive search type natural enemy, which includes a second cross individual extraction step of extracting the lower 35% of individuals with low flying activity.
(7) Areas including the lower 35% of individuals with low walking and / or flying activity per fixed time and / or their progenies in a population consisting of insects or spiders as biological enemies Intensive search type natural enemy preparation.
(8) The natural enemy preparation according to (7), wherein the natural enemy belongs to any one of the group consisting of the genus Beetle, the ladybird, the stag beetle, the stag beetle, and the burdock family.

  In general, although natural engraftment after release has always been a problem in biological control, it is surprising to select and cultivate strains that have a long local concentration search time, focusing on intra-group variation in food search ability. A method for improving the fixing rate by doing so has never been known in the art.

According to the production method of the present invention, it is possible to easily select a regional concentrated search type natural enemy.
According to the regional concentrated search natural enemy preparation of the present invention, it is possible to provide a biological control natural enemy with a high retention rate of natural enemies after release without increasing costs and labor.

It is a figure which shows the relationship between the area concentration search time and walk distance of a terrestrial bug. A is the result for male adult individuals and B is for female adult individuals. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the amount of walking activities per hour and the number of individuals of an Aedes aegypti (male and female) in the population (180 individuals). Based on these results, the lower 30% population with low walking and / or flying activity, that is, the population with a long local concentration search time (Group A) and the top 30% with high walking and / or flying activity. That is, an individual group (B group) with a short region intensive search time was extracted. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the number of days after the release of group A and group B of the ground beetle extracted in FIG. 2 to the facility eggplant cultivation field and the number of the common beetle existing per ward. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the number of days elapsed after releasing the group A and group B of the yellow-winged beetle extracted in FIG. 2 on the facility eggplant cultivation field and the number of southern thrips per crop. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the area concentration search time of Nami Tentou and walking distance. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the area concentration search time and the number of individuals of a Namitentu adult (male) in a population (130 individuals). Based on this result, we extracted the top 30% population (Group A) with the long intensive search time and the lower 30% population (Group B) with the short intensive search time. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the number of days after the Anami Bamboo Group A and B groups extracted in FIG. 6 have been released in the facility eggplant cultivation field and the number of Nami Tento individuals existing per ward. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the number of elapsed days after releasing the group A and group B of Namitentu extracted in FIG. 6 in the facility eggplant cultivation field and the number of cotton aphids per crop leaf.

1. 1. Local intensive search type natural enemy selection method 1-1. Outline A first aspect of the present invention relates to a regional concentrated search type natural enemy selection method. According to the method of this aspect, an individual having an area-intensive search type property with a high land retention rate after release can be easily selected from an individual group used as a biological control natural enemy.

1-2. Method The method of this embodiment includes an extraction step as an essential step. In the present embodiment, the “extraction step” is a step of extracting an individual having a low walking and / or flying activity amount per certain time in a population composed of biological control natural enemy populations.

  As described above, “biological control” is a method of controlling a target organism using a predation-feeding relationship or a host parasite relationship in a natural ecosystem. In the present specification, the “target organism” is an organism to be controlled. An example is agricultural pests. Specifically, species belonging to the order Thysanoptera (for example, Frankliniella occidentalis), Frankliniella intonsa, Helothrips haemorrhoidalis, palm thrips, Thrips ), Black Thrips (Thrips nigroplosus), Chinese Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), and Aphidoidea species (for example, Aphis gossypines), soybean aphids (A) Bean aphids (Aphis craccivora), pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), strawberry aphids (Aphis forbesi), snowy aphids (Aphis spiraecola), peach aphids (Myzus persicae), baramidria buramushi Rhodobium porosum, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, Japanese radish aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), Japanese radish aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), Japanese red aphid (Neotoxoptera formosana), Chinese aphid moth (Uroleucona) , Tulip beetle aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), corn aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis), wheat beetle aphid (Sitobion akebiae), wheat beetle aphid (Sitobion akebiae), potato beetle aphid (Aulacorthum antera) Including aphids (Ovatus malisuctus) and peach beetle (Hyalopterus pruni), species belonging to the family Aleyrodidae (for example, Bemisia tabac i), silver leaf whiteflies (including Bemisia argentifolii), Trileurodes vaporariorum or Aleurocanthus spiniferus), species belonging to the family Tingidae (eg, Coccoidea) Species belonging to Icerya purchasi Maskell, Ruby wax scale (Ceroplastes rubens) or Eulecanium kunoense), species belonging to Cicadellidae, and species belonging to Tetranychidae (eg Tetranychus) urticae), Kanzawa spider mite (Tetranychus kanzawai), Akanite spider mite (Amphitetranychus viennensis), Citrus spider mite (Panonychus citri), Apple spider mite (Panonychus ulmi) and Clover leaf spider mite (Bryobia praetiosa)).

  “Natural enemies (organisms)” refers to organisms that prey on prey or organisms that infest the host (including parasitoids that infest the host and eventually kill the host). Moreover, in this specification, the “natural enemy for biological control” is a natural enemy that can be used for biological control using the target organism as a predator or host. Since natural enemies that can be used in this specification are assumed to be usable for biological control, in this specification, biological control natural enemies are treated in the same way as natural enemies.

  Examples of natural enemies that can be used in the selection method of the present embodiment include organisms belonging to Insecta or Arachnida. For example, species belonging to the family Anthocoridae, omnivorous species belonging to the Miridae family, species belonging to the Lygaeidae family, species belonging to the Reduviidae family, Prasitica Species belonging to the family, species belonging to the family Tachinidae, species belonging to the subfamily Syrphinae, carnivorous species belonging to the family Coccinellidae, species belonging to the order of Araneae, and Acari Carnivorous species belonging to are suitable natural enemies. Which natural enemy is used is determined appropriately depending on the type of target organism to be controlled. For example, the natural enemies belonging to the order of Thripidae and Aphidaceae include species belonging to the family Anthocoridae. In particular, the natural enemies of the species belonging to the order of the thrips include species belonging to the genus Orius, for example, Orius strigicollis, Orius sauteri, Orius minutus, Orius laevigatus, Orius nagaii, Orius tantillus, Orius insidiosus, Orius tristicolor, or Orius laevigatus It becomes a material. In addition, the natural enemies of the species belonging to the aphid superfamily and the scale insect superfamily include carnivorous species belonging to the ladybird family, for example, Namitentia (Harmonia axyridis), Futamon Tento (Adalia bipunctata), Nanahoshitento (Coccinella septempunctata) ), Dendara Tento (Menochilus sexmaculatus), Red-footed Tento (Chilocorus rubidus), Japanese Red-footed Tento (Chilocorus kuwanae), Japanese Red-footed Tendon (Propylaea japonica), Great-bellied Tento (Synonycha grandis), Phymatosternus R. ), Red beetle tentacles (Rodolia rufocincta), red beetle tento (Rodolia limbata) or white beetle tento (Calvia quatuordecimguttata) are suitable biological materials. Furthermore, the natural enemies of the species belonging to the spider mite family and the order of the thrips are the species belonging to the family Phytoseiidae, for example, Swarsky spider mite, Amblyseius californicus, Amblyseius womersleyi, and Niserrago. Cabbular mites (Amblyseius eharai), Amblyseius cucumeris, Gynaeseius liturivorus, hairy mite (Neoseiulus barkeri) or dust mite (Phytoseiulus persimilis) are suitable biological materials. In addition, examples of natural enemy biomaterials suitable for any species belonging to the spider mite family, the species belonging to the order of Thripidae, and the species belonging to the aphid superfamily include species belonging to the family Nachotomidae, for example, Piocoris varius. And as a natural enemy of the species belonging to the family Whitefly, suitable species such as the species belonging to the beetle family, for example, the tobacco turtle (Nesidiocoris tenuis), the black leopard turtle (Pilophorus typicus), or the Campylomma chinensis Become.

  The natural enemy used in the selection method of this embodiment does not have to be a wild type. For example, in the case where the natural enemy is a relatively large insect such as a species belonging to the ladybird family, or a small insect having excellent walking ability, it may be a non-flying line.

  The population used in the selection method of this embodiment is composed of a single species. The individuals constituting the population may be adults, larvae, or males and females as long as the target organisms that prey or parasitize are the same. However, it is preferable that the growth stages of the individuals constituting the population are similar. Further, the number of individuals constituting the population is not particularly limited. Usually, the larger the population, the better. On the other hand, since it is necessary to measure the amount of walking and / or flight activity for each individual, for example, 3 to 1000, 20 to 500, or 50 to A range of 300 individuals is preferred.

  The individuals constituting the population used in the selection method of the present embodiment are preferably prey individuals serving as food or individuals who have not been placed in an environment with a high host density, that is, hungry individuals. This is because an individual who is placed in a prey or an environment with a high host density usually takes an intensive search action. There is no particular limitation on the method of making the population individuals hungry. For example, the fasting method which does not feed for half a day to several days is mentioned. However, care should be taken not to over-fasten individuals who are hungry because their activity may decline. In order to avoid a starvation state, for example, there is a method of feeding a small amount to each individual after fasting before being subjected to this step. For example, in the case of a beetle individual, after fasting for half a day, one to several thrips individuals may be fed per head before this step. In addition, individuals with a limited amount of food per day may be used for this step.

  In this step, the amount of walking and / or flying activity per certain time is measured for each individual constituting the population. The method for measuring the amount of walking and / or flying activity may be either a direct method or an indirect method. The walking activity amount and the flying activity amount can be calculated based on the walking distance and the flight distance, respectively. For example, by taking a video of the behavior of natural enemies over a certain period of time and analyzing the behavior trajectory with image processing software, for example, insect behavior analysis software such as Image Hyper II, the walking and / or flying activity amount is set as a walking distance or a flying distance. It can be measured directly. In addition, when an individual placed in a measurement container passes a predetermined position within a predetermined time, the number of passages is counted by a sensor, whereby the walking and / or flight activity of the individual can be measured as the count number. Such measurement can be achieved by using, for example, an insect behavior measurement system such as Drosophila Activity Monitoring System. Use of this measurement system is convenient because it can measure many walking and / or flying activities of natural enemies at a time.

  There is no particular limitation on the fixed time for measurement. For example, it may be 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes and 1 hour, but is not limited thereto.

  After clarifying the amount of walking and / or flying activity of each individual in the population by a certain amount of time by the above measurement, individuals having low walking and / or flying activity in the population, that is, the lower 35%, preferably 30 Individuals belonging to the range of%, 25% or 20% are extracted. For example, when the population is composed of 100 individuals, the lower 35 individuals having a low walking and / or flying activity amount may be extracted. An individual extracted by this extraction process can be an individual having a long region intensive search time, that is, an area search type natural enemy.

1-3. Effect According to the selection method of this aspect, it is possible to easily select a local concentrated search type natural enemy. Individuals obtained by this selection method can be applied to non-flying natural enemies, such as species belonging to the family Acarinae, as well as leading to an improvement in the establishment rate of the larva stage, since adults and larvae do not matter.

2. 2. Region-intensive search type natural enemy creation method 2-1. Outline The second aspect of the present invention relates to a regional concentrated search type natural enemy creation method. The method according to this aspect is characterized in that a region (region-intensive search type strain) in which a region-intensive search-type trait is stabilized is created using the region-intensive search-type natural enemy selected in the first aspect. According to the production method of this aspect, even if it is a progeny of a released individual, it creates and provides a natural enemy for biological control of a local intensive search type strain having a trait with a high colonization rate regardless of food density. Can do.

2-2. Method The production method of this embodiment includes “first mating step” and “first hybrid individual extraction step” as essential steps, and “inbred mating step” and “second cross individual extraction step” as selection steps. Hereinafter, each process will be described.

(1) First mating step The “first mating step” is a step of performing mating using at least one of the local intensive search-type natural enemies obtained by the selection method described in the first aspect as a parent individual. The local concentrated search-type natural enemy individuals used for mating may be male or female. The other parent individual used for mating may be a regional intensive search natural enemy individual, a wild type individual, an individual having other behavioral characteristics, or a desired mutation such as low temperature tolerance or high fertility It may be an individual.

  The mating method in this step may be performed by a method known in the art and is not particularly limited. Usually, the male and female may be placed in the same container and naturally mated. After mating, eggs are collected by a method known in the art, and then the first generation hybrid (F1) is bred by a known method.

  In addition, it is thought that the difference between the regional intensive search type and the wide-area search type behavior is determined by genes involved in behavior switching according to food density. In this case, the genotype of the F1 individual obtained after this step may be heterogeneous. Furthermore, when the region concentration type is inferior to the wide area type, there is a possibility that the target region concentration search type system cannot be obtained in the next first cross individual extraction step. Therefore, if necessary, as a supplementary process of this process, perform sibling mating once between F1 individuals, and the obtained second generation (F2) cross will be a cross individual in the next first cross individual extraction step You can also.

(2) First cross individual extraction step The “first cross individual extraction step” is an individual having a low walking and / or flying activity amount per fixed time in a population composed of cross individuals obtained after the first cross step, It is a step of extracting individuals belonging to the lower 35%, preferably 30%, 25% or 20% range. This step conforms to the method described in the extraction step of the first aspect except that the population constituting the population is a hybrid individual obtained in the first mating step. The individual obtained in this step can be extracted as a regional intensive search system.

(3) Inbred mating step The "inbred mating step" is a step of performing inbred mating using the individual obtained in the first hybrid individual extraction step as a parent individual. This step is a selection step and may be performed after the first cross individual extraction step as necessary. In the present specification, “sib mating” refers to mating between individuals having the same target trait (more specifically, the causative gene of the trait). In the case of this mode, both males and females to be bred are crosses between strains of regional concentration search type. In addition, brother-sister mating, which is the same for both sexes of the same abdomen, is also included in the inbreeding.

  This step is performed at least once. Multiple times, for example, 5 times or more, 7 times or more, or 9 times or more may be repeated. The upper limit of the number of inbreeding is not particularly limited, but usually 15 or less is sufficient. The inbred mating does not need to be performed continuously, and may be selected five times or more in total with respect to the targeted regional intensive search trait in the production method of this embodiment. Therefore, this process can be distributed among other processes in inbred mating units. For example, after performing inbreeding twice, the next second hybrid individual extraction step can be performed, and inbred mating can be performed twice more.

(4) Second crossing individual extraction step The “second crossing individual extraction step” is an individual having a low walking and / or flying activity amount per fixed time in a population composed of crossing individuals obtained after the mating step, that is, a subordinate It is a step of extracting individuals belonging to the range of 35%, preferably 30%, 25% or 20%. This step may be performed according to the method described in the first hybrid individual extraction step.

2-3. Effect According to the production method of the present aspect, it is possible to produce a genetically controlled natural enemy of a locally concentrated search line having a high colonization rate regardless of the feed density even immediately after release. Moreover, the system which fixed the area | region concentration search type | mold more can be obtained by performing the inbred mating process and the 2nd hybrid individual extraction process.

3. 3. Regional intensive search type natural enemy preparation 3-1. Outline | summary The 3rd aspect of this invention is related with an area concentration search type natural enemy preparation. According to the natural enemy preparation of this aspect, it is possible to provide a natural enemy for biological control of a region-intensive search type strain with a high colonization rate regardless of the feed density even immediately after release.

3-2. Configuration In the present specification, the “natural enemy preparation” refers to a biological pesticide using a natural enemy. The natural enemy preparation of this aspect includes the living individual of the natural enemy belonging to the insect class or the spider class exemplified in the first aspect as an active ingredient. The growth stage of an individual does not matter. For example, it may be any of adults, pupae (in the case of fully transformed insects), larvae, eggs, or combinations thereof. In principle, either male or female may be used.

  The natural enemy contained in the natural enemy preparation of this aspect is appropriately determined according to the target pest of the natural enemy preparation. For example, in the case of a natural enemy preparation belonging to the order of Thripidae or Aphidaceae, a species belonging to the genus Beetle is mentioned. In particular, when a species belonging to the order of Thrips is a target pest, a species belonging to the genus Himenakamemushi, for example, the species exemplified in the first aspect is a suitable active ingredient. In addition, when the species belonging to the spider family and the species belonging to the order of Thripidae are target pests, the species belonging to the spider mite family exemplified in the first aspect are suitable active ingredients. Furthermore, when the species belonging to the aphid superfamily and the species belonging to the scale insect superfamily are target pests, the carnivorous species belonging to the ladybird family exemplified in the first aspect are suitable active ingredients. Moreover, when the species belonging to the spider mite family, the species belonging to the order of Thripidae, and the species belonging to the aphid superfamily are target pests, the species belonging to the Nagamemidae is a suitable active ingredient. And when the species belonging to the whitefly family is the target pest, the carnivorous species belonging to the Kastomidae is a suitable active ingredient.

  The natural enemy preparation of this embodiment includes a natural enemy for biological control having a low amount of walking and / or flying activity. A natural enemy with a low amount of walking and / or flying activity is an individual with a low amount of walking and / or flying activity per fixed time in a population composed of natural enemy individuals, for example, the lower 35%, preferably 30%, 25% or Individuals belonging to the range of 20% and / or their progeny. This individual may be the individual obtained in the first aspect of the present invention. The progeny may be an individual obtained in the second aspect of the present invention.

  In addition to the natural enemy as the active ingredient, the natural enemy preparation of the present embodiment can include prey or prey serving as a food for the natural enemy, sawdust or a piece of paper as a scaffold for the natural enemy or a fixed carrier. Instructions describing how to use may be included. The natural enemy preparation may be sealed in a breathable container that does not kill the natural enemy.

3-3. Effect According to the regional concentrated search-type natural enemy preparation of this embodiment, the engraftment preparation capable of stably controlling target pests at a low cost because it has a high retention rate after release regardless of food density and does not require reinforced natural enemy materials. Can be provided.

<Example 1: Relationship between the area concentration search time and the walking distance of the mosquito bug>
(the purpose)
The relationship between the local concentration search time and walking distance in natural enemies was examined.

(Method)
We used a terrestrial bug as a natural enemy for biological control. After feeding one adult of the southern blue thrips to an adult of the tiger beetle that was fasted for half a day and then hungry, the walking activity of the tiger beetle was photographed with a video camera. Using the insect behavior analysis software (Image Hyper II, Science Eye Co., Ltd.), follow the trajectory of the video and prey on the southern thrips. The walking distance was measured. The determination of whether the terrestrial bug is in a regional intensive search state or in a wide-area search state, while an individual in the regional intensive search state walks non-linearly, whereas an individual in the wide-area search state linearly Utilized the nature of walking. In other words, in a petri dish with a diameter of 50 mm, after the predation of the southern blue thrips begins to walk non-linearly (starting from the region-intensive search state), walk straight along the edge of the petri dish. The time until until (the start point of the wide area search state) was defined as the area intensive search time.

(result)
The results are shown in FIG. Analyzing the relationship between the walking distance of each individual within a certain period of time and the area concentration search time, it was found that both the male adult (A) and the female adult (B) have a high negative correlation with the mosquito bug (B). . That is, this result shows that individuals with a long local concentration search time can be selected by extracting individuals with a low amount of walking activity from the group.

<Example 2: Local intensive search-type individual selection method in the terrestrial bug>
(the purpose)
Using the selection method of the present invention, individuals with a low walking and / or flying activity are selected and their effects are confirmed.

(Method)
As the natural enemy for biological control, the number of individuals measuring the amount of walking and / or flying activity was 180 in both sexes. The basic operation was in accordance with Example 1. However, as for the measurement method, since the number of individuals constituting the population is large, the method of measuring the local concentration search time for each individual using the insect behavior analysis software as described in Example 1 requires time and labor. Then, the amount of walking activity of the adult caterpillar was measured using an insect behavior measuring apparatus (Drosophila Activity Monitor 2; TriKinetics) used for measuring Drosophila activity. This device is a mechanism for measuring the amount of walking and / or flying activity of each individual by counting the number of times that the ground beetle walks and / or flies within a glass tube and passes between sensors. The measurement time for walking and / or flying activity was 1 hour. The measurement results are shown in FIG. Based on this result, the lower 30% population (group A) with low walking and / or flying activity per fixed time and the top 30% population (group B) with high walking and / or flying activity are extracted. did.

  Subsequently, group A and group B were each released to a facility eggplant cultivation field where approximately the same number of southern blue thrips were present, and the number of the tiger beetle present per release and the control against southern blue thrips The effect was compared.

(result)
The results are shown in FIGS. From FIG. 3, the group A in the lower 30% with low walking and / or flying activity in the population is the group after release compared to the group B in the upper 30% with high walking and / or flying activity in the same population. It became clear that there were many individuals around. This is because the amount of walking and / or flying activity selected by the present invention is low, and the long-range intensive search time is long, and the local intensive search time is high. Indicates that the retention rate is higher than that of the short-tailed beetle (Group B).

  In addition, it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the number of southern blue thrips per crop is less in group A than in group B, and the selected yellow and yellow thrips have a low walking and / or flying activity. It was proved that can be effectively controlled.

<Embodiment 3: Relationship between Nami Tentou Local Concentrated Search Time and Walking Distance>
(the purpose)
The generality of the method for selecting a local concentrated natural enemy of the present invention was confirmed. In Examples 1 and 2, it was used as a natural enemy, but it was confirmed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of walking activity and the length of the area concentration search time for other natural enemies.

(Method)
Nami Tento was used as the natural enemy for biological control. Nami Tento is a species belonging to the same insect class as that of the anteater, but the anteater belongs to the order of Hemiptera, whereas it belongs to the order Coleoptera. Very far away.

  The basic method followed Example 1. After feeding one adult pea beetle aphid as a prey to a non-flying adult Nami Tento that was fasted for one day and hungry, the Amami Tento's walking activity was photographed with a video camera. Follow the behavior of the video using insect behavior analysis software (Image Hyper II, Science Eye Co., Ltd.), prey on the food, and then search for the local concentration within a certain time (30 minutes = 1800 seconds) and its walking The distance was measured. Whether Nami Tento is in the region-intensive search state or the wide-area search state is determined by using the characteristics of the individual in the region-intensive search state and the individual in the wide-area search state, as in the first embodiment.

(result)
The results are shown in FIG. From this figure, it was clarified that the relationship between the walking distance within a certain time and the region intensive search time also has a high negative correlation in Nami Tentou, as in the case of the common beetle. Therefore, it was proved that the result of Example 1 is not a phenomenon that is specifically observed in a specific species but a phenomenon common to natural enemies.

<Example 4: Selection of local intensive search type individuals in Nami Tento and its effect>
(the purpose)
In Example 2, it was confirmed whether or not the effect confirmed with the tiger beetle was also seen in Nami Tento.

(Method)
As a natural enemy for biological control, a non-flying Nami Tento was used as in Example 3. The number of walking activity measured was 130. The basic operation was in accordance with Example 3. The measurement time for the amount of walking activity was 1 hour. The measurement results are shown in FIG. Based on this result, the amount of walking activity per fixed time is low, that is, the top 30% of individuals with the longest intensive search time (Group A) and the amount of walking activity is high, that is, the intensive search time is short (= wide area search) The lower 30% population (group B) was extracted.

  Subsequently, the group A and the group B were each released in a facility eggplant cultivation field where the same number of cotton aphids were present, and the number of scallops present per area after release and the control effect on cotton aphids were compared.

(result)
The results are shown in FIGS. From FIG. 7, it became clear that the number of individuals existing in the group A after the release was larger than that in the group B. This is not inconsistent with the example of the tiger beetle verified in Example 2. Moreover, from FIG. 8, the number of individuals of cotton aphids per leaf of the crop was smaller in the A group than in the B group. This result is not inconsistent with the control effect of the southern blue thrips, which was verified in Example 2.

  Accordingly, the top 30% natural enemy populations with low walking and / or flying activity per fixed time in the population, that is, with long regional intensive search time, are regional intensive search type natural enemies regardless of their type. It was proved that it can efficiently control the eater and host.

Claims (8)

  Extraction that extracts the lower 35% of individuals with low walking and / or flying activity per time in a population consisting of populations belonging to insects (Insecta) or spiders (Arachnida) as natural enemies for biological control A regional intensive search type natural enemy selection method including processes.   2. The selection method according to claim 1, wherein the population is hungry.   The selection method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the population is composed of 50 to 300 individuals.   The natural enemies belong to any one of the families of the group consisting of Anthocoridae, Miridae, Lygaeidae, Coccinellidae, and Phytoseiidae. The selection method according to any one of the above. A first mating step of mating the individual obtained by the selection method according to claims 1 to 4 as at least one of the parent individuals, and in a population composed of hybrid individuals obtained after the first mating step per fixed time A method for creating a local concentrated search-type natural enemy, including a first cross individual extraction step of extracting the lower 35% of individuals with low walking and / or flying activity. In the inbred mating step of performing at least one inbred mating with the individual obtained in the first mating individual extraction step as a parent individual, and in a population consisting of the mating individuals obtained after the mating step, walking and / or flying per fixed time A second cross individual extraction step of extracting the lower 35% of individuals with low activity,
How to create a regional intensive search type natural enemy including   Regional intensive search type including the lower 35% of individuals with low walking and / or flying activity per fixed time and / or their progenies in the population consisting of populations belonging to insects or spiders as natural enemies for biological control Natural enemy formulation.   The natural enemy preparation according to claim 7, wherein the natural enemy belongs to any one of the group consisting of the group of the family Budridae, Kasumimemidae, Nagakamemushiidae, Ladybugidae, and Kaburidai.

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