JP2014198012A - Activity analysis program for plant - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a quantitative index for a non-specialist to determine plant conditions.SOLUTION: An activity analysis program for plant has an outside environment data acquisition process for acquiring fundamental outside environment data collected by sensors in plant factories for each of the plant factories, a process of calculating activity presumption factor data for calculating activity presumption factor data for use in presuming the activity of plants for monitoring plant conditions on the basis of the outside environment data and measurements of the sensors, and a notification process for detecting a plant abnormality from the plant activity obtained based on the activity presumption factor data and reporting the abnormality.

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant activity analysis program, and more particularly, to a technique for quantitatively grasping the state of photosynthesis of plants and the state of water and salt stress as the activity of plants such as vegetables cultivated in a plant factory.

  Among plant factories, in particular, plant factories utilizing solar light are designed with the aim of efficiently collecting solar radiation to promote plant growth. However, an increase in the amount of incident light in the facility leads to an increase in the amount of far-infrared rays, and there is a concern that the temperature in the facility may increase and the temperature of the plant being cultivated may increase. And the management of plant body temperature becomes very important. Plants have a mechanism called transpiration that mainly opens the pores that exist on the foliage and releases heat together with moisture in the body, but when exposed to excessive strong light or high temperatures, The rate drops and falls into a so-called moisture stress state.

  As a method for diagnosing the state of water stress and transpiration function of a plant, techniques described in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3 below are known.

  The technology described in Patent Document 1 below provides a wavelength analysis type infrared image and visible image analysis device that can obtain an image with the naked eye in the visible region and an infrared two-dimensional image in the same field of view simultaneously or separately. By providing, it is a technology that allows not only measuring plant body temperature but also grasping the state of water stress. In Patent Document 1, an optical filter including an infrared filter and a visible filter and an infrared / visible integrated sensor are provided to analyze an infrared image and a visible image.

  The following Patent Document 2 uses a transpiration water vapor amount sensor element that indicates a temporal change in the amount of transpiration water vapor as a change in inter-electrode current value. It is a technology that measures and monitors with high sensitivity and high accuracy as changes in minute output current.

  The thing of the following patent document 3 is a technique which grasps | ascertains the activity of photosynthesis quantitatively by measuring the time-dependent change of the fluorescence spectrum emitted from a plant body when light is irradiated to a plant body.

JP 2002-022652 (wavelength analysis type infrared image and visible image analysis apparatus) JP 2009-115671 (Transpiration amount measuring device) JP2010-246488 (photosynthesis activity evaluation program and photosynthesis activity evaluation apparatus)

However, according to the technique described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to simultaneously measure a thermal infrared image and a wavelength region of light corresponding to CO ₂ or moisture stress. However, in order to evaluate the impact on the plant body, it is necessary for the farming specialist to judge the state of the plant by looking at the image, so it is quantitative for people other than the expert to judge the state of the plant. There is a problem that it is not possible to present simple indicators.

  Moreover, although the technique described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 can accurately measure the transpiration state of the leaf surface by using a sensor fixed to the leaf surface of the plant, the sensor needs to be fixed, and the spacing is required. It is difficult to apply in a plant factory that has a mechanism (the cultivation container moves automatically as the cultivation stage progresses). Since it is directly attached to the leaf surface of the plant, it is impossible to grasp the tendency of the entire community of the cultivated plant.

  In addition, the technique described in Patent Document 3 can estimate the ratio of energy flowing in the photochemical reaction by observing the change in fluorescence intensity, and can inhibit photosynthesis (decrease in photosynthesis rate caused by irradiation with visible light). ) Can be determined accurately. However, since it is necessary to use an expensive device such as a chlorophyll fluorescence image measuring device, it is difficult to use in a business with a low unit sales price such as vegetable production in a plant factory.

The present invention has the following objects.
1) A non-expert person presents a quantitative index for judging the state of a plant.
2) Provide technologies that can be used in plant factories with spacing mechanisms.
3) Determine the activity of plants by combining inexpensive equipment.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention combines a sensor (CCD, infrared sensor, bandpass filter) whose price has decreased due to mass production, and performs an imaging process from a point away from the plant body, so that the leaf surface temperature or Indicators representing plant activity, such as water potential (moisture moisture content in plant leaves), are measured inexpensively and non-destructively. In addition, in order to be able to judge the state of a plant even by a person other than an expert, not only presenting an image of the plant, but also a saturation obtained from the measurement result of relative humidity (in the air at a certain temperature) Based on how much room for water vapor to enter), the information is converted into information that can be used to determine whether the fluctuation in the leaf surface temperature of the plant is abnormal or not, and ideal farmers (eg high yield) Provides a graphical interface that visually displays the difference between leaf surface temperature and water potential data.

  According to one aspect of the present invention, for each plant factory, external environment data acquisition processing for acquiring basic external environment data collected by the sensor group of the plant factory, and the external environment data and the measured value of the sensor group Based on the activity estimation factor data calculation process for calculating the activity estimation factor data for estimating the activity of the plant for monitoring the state of the plant, and the plant obtained based on the activity estimation factor data There is provided a plant activity analysis program characterized by having a notification process for detecting an abnormality of a plant from an activity level and reporting information including that.

  The activity estimation factor data calculation process is a process for calculating a temporal variation between saturation and leaf surface temperature.

  The notification process is a process for providing an interface that detects an abnormality of the plant and visually displays information including the abnormality.

  The notification process displays the time change between the saturation and the leaf surface temperature calculated by the activity estimation factor data calculation process along the respective time axes, and the difference between the saturation and the leaf surface temperature over time is displayed. Based on the above, it is a process for providing an interface for detecting abnormalities of the plant and visually displaying information including the abnormality.

  The notification process displays the time change of the leaf surface temperature calculated by the activity estimation factor data calculation process, the time change between the ideal plant factory and the plant factory to be compared, along the time axis. A process for providing an interface for visually displaying an analysis result for bringing the environment of the plant factory to be compared closer to an ideal plant factory based on a difference in time variation of leaf surface temperature. It is characterized by being.

  From the relationship between the saturation and the leaf surface temperature, the notification process is in a steady state, but when the leaf temperature tends to increase, the leaf is not in an environment that inhibits transpiration of the plant. It is characterized by suggesting the possibility that the pores were closed by exposure of the body to intense light, and that the transpiration amount decreased and the leaf surface temperature increased.

  From the relationship between saturation and leaf surface temperature, the notification process suggests that there is a possibility of moisture stress when the saturation score is lowered, and it is necessary to lower the humidity by ventilation or the like. It is characterized by being.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to present a quantitative index for a person other than an expert to judge the state of a plant.

It is a functional block diagram which shows the example of whole structure of the activity analysis system of the plant by one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the data structural example of the table of a cultivation environment database. It is a figure which shows an example of the display screen of the fluctuation | variation of the leaf surface temperature of a plant. It is a figure which shows an example of the display screen which overlapped ideal farmer data. It is a figure which shows an example of the display screen which overlapped the data of multiple years. It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of a plant activity analysis process. It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of a transpiration rate estimation process. It is a figure which shows the example of data in the process of FIG. 5B. It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of a data storage process.

Hereinafter, an embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of a plant activity analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In general plant factories (200, 300) including house-type farms, etc., cultivation spaces (201, 301) and sensor groups (202, 302) for collecting cultivation environment data are held. The cultivation space (201, 301) generally includes a spacing mechanism in which the cultivation container automatically moves as the cultivation stage progresses. After planting seedlings, workers do not need to touch the plants directly until they move to the harvest stage. The cultivation management includes a sensor group (a part of 202 and 302) that collects basic cultivation environment data such as solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity, and a CCD that collects data for monitoring the state of the plant such as plant images, It is divided into sensor groups (a part of 202 and 302) such as an infrared sensor, a band pass filter, a thermometer, a hygrometer, a timer, and an illuminometer. Information obtained from these sensor groups is collected and managed on a cultivation environment control system (203, 303) such as a PC provided for computer management. As described in Patent Document 1, each of the CCD, the infrared sensor, and the bandpass filter detects visible light to measure luminance (light intensity), and detects infrared light to detect luminance (infrared). Measure the intensity of light) and modulate the measurement region to a specific wavelength.

  In this Embodiment, it transmits to the data storage function (data acquisition part: 103) which operate | moves inside the cultivation environment data collection base | substrate 100 via the networks 1, such as the internet and LAN, and the data storage function 103 is the cultivation environment database ( Data storage unit: registered in 101). The plant activity measurement function (measurement unit: 102) measures plant activity from basic cultivation environment data stored in the cultivation environment database and data for monitoring the state of the plant. In order to enable non-experts to judge the state of the plant, not only presenting the plant image, but also measuring the leaf surface temperature, water potential, etc. It is possible to provide a graphical interface that is converted into information that can be used to determine whether or not the fluctuation in the state is abnormal and is presented visually.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the table TB1 of the cultivation environment database in the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, basic cultivation environment data (external environment data) such as the amount of solar radiation 213, temperature 214, and relative humidity 215 collected by the sensor group (202, 302) of the plant factory, external environment data, and sensor values. Activity estimation factor data for estimating plant activity, such as saturation 216 for monitoring the state of the plant, leaf surface temperature 217, and the like. An example of a table having a data group specified by a facility ID 210, a date 211, and a time 212 specifying the ID is shown. In addition to the data items shown in the present embodiment, all data collected by a general plant factory sensor group is targeted. The leaf surface temperature 217 can be acquired from an infrared image of the sensor or the like.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a display screen that displays time fluctuations between plant saturation and leaf surface temperature in accordance with the present embodiment along the time axis. In order to be able to judge the state of the plant even by a person other than an expert, in this embodiment, the graph of the daily change of the saturation and the graph of the daily change of the leaf temperature (a), the plant An alert screen (b) that displays the state of the event and its cause is displayed in an overlapping manner, and an example of a graphical interface for making it easy to understand the correspondence between individual events is shown. In this example, at 14:17 of 2013/2/27 within the period T1, the saturation is in a steady state, but the leaf temperature tends to increase. Since it is not in an environment that inhibits transpiration of leaves, it was suggested that exposure of the plant to strong light closed the pores, leading to a decrease in transpiration and an increase in leaf temperature. This is displayed on the alert screen. On the other hand, since the satiation score falls at 7:52 on 2013/2/28 within the period T2, there is a possibility of moisture stress, suggesting that the humidity needs to be lowered by ventilation etc. .

  FIG. 4A shows an example of a display screen in which ideal farmer data in the present embodiment are superimposed. In order to be able to judge the state of the plant even by a person other than the expert, in this embodiment, the graph 1 of the change over time of the ideal farmer's cultivation environment data and the own cultivation environment data An example of a graphical interface for displaying the graph 2 of daily changes and an analysis screen for displaying a characteristic difference when the two are compared is shown. In this example, the result of measuring the leaf temperature is displayed at a plant factory A operated by an ideal farmer and a plant factory B operated by a farmer who does not have cultivation know-how. In the plant factory A, there is little variation in the leaf temperature of the plant over time, indicating that the plant is not subjected to water stress. On the other hand, in the plant factory B, since the leaf temperature tends to increase in the afternoon, the analysis screen suggests the necessity to review the setting value of the cultivation environment in the afternoon.

  FIG. 4B is a diagram showing an example of a display screen in which data for a plurality of years is overlaid in the present embodiment. In order to be able to judge the state of a plant even if it is a person other than an expert, in this embodiment, as an example of data for a plurality of years, for 2011 and 2012, the monthly average leaf temperature changes and , It has a graphical interface for displaying the changes in monthly yields. In this display example, as estimated from the low leaf temperature, it was shown that the harvest amount in 2012, which was a cool summer, was lower than the previous year (2011). This suggests that it is necessary to control the facility temperature so that it does not drop too much in the summer (mid-June to mid-August).

  Hereinafter, the flow of processing when the present invention is implemented will be specifically described with reference to flowcharts.

FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing a flow of plant activity measurement processing in the present embodiment. After acquiring basic cultivation environment data in the cultivation environment database 101 (step 5001), the plant activity measurement function 102 calculates an estimated value of saturation and transpiration rate (steps 5002 and 5003). For example, by using a known method, the saturation can be calculated from data on temperature and relative humidity. Similarly, the transpiration rate can be calculated from temperature, relative humidity, CO ₂ concentration, and leaf temperature data by using a known method such as a chamber method. For example, using a known method such as a gas chamber method, the saturated water vapor pressure and the leaf conductance are measured from the relative humidity, temperature, and leaf surface temperature, and an estimated value of the transpiration rate is calculated.

  After this process, the cultivation environment database 101 stores all data as shown in FIG. Changes with time in these data are graphed and displayed as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (step 5004). The alert screen in FIG. 3 and the analysis screen in FIG. 4 are premised on that a status value and a cause are defined in advance for each combination of a plurality of cultivation environment data.

  FIG. 5B is a flowchart showing the flow of the transpiration rate estimation process in the present embodiment. FIG. 5C is a diagram illustrating an example of data in the process of FIG. 5B. There are several methods for estimating the transpiration rate, and one example is shown in the present embodiment. It goes without saying that all other estimation methods have room for incorporation into the system.

  In the transpiration rate estimation process, input data is taken from the cultivation environment database 101 (step 5011). As shown in FIG. 5C (a), the solar radiation amount Q, the saturation D, the leaf temperature T, the carbon dioxide concentration Ca, the wind speed u, the environmental input data obtained from the sensor device installed in the plant factory, etc. Stoma conductance a, maximum stomatal conductance gsmax, maximum limit temperature Th, optimum temperature To, minimum limit temperature Th, saturation difference D0 halving stomatal conductance, coefficient c1 for carbon dioxide, bulk coefficient Ch for sensible heat transport, etc. Enter the parameters.

  Next, the stomatal conductance gs is estimated using the Jarvis stomatal conductance estimation model (step 5012, FIG. 5C (b)).

  Finally, the estimated value Ce of the diffusion coefficient of water vapor is estimated and multiplied by a physical quantity consisting of the difference between the saturated vapor pressure of the leaf temperature and the atmospheric temperature to obtain an estimated value of the transpiration rate Et (step 5013, FIG. 5C ( c)). The water vapor pressure is a value determined by temperature.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the flow of processing of the data storage function. The data storage function 103 includes basic cultivation environment data such as solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity, and plant images such as plant images as cultivation environment data collected by the sensor group from the cultivation environment control system (203, 303). Waiting for the reception of data for monitoring the state of the plant (step 6001). If the data is received (step 6002), the data is stored in the cultivation environment database 101 (step 6003). Basic cultivation environment data is stored in the table shown in FIG. 2, and plant image data is stored in the hard disk. Thereafter, the process returns to step 6001 to repeat the processing.

  According to the present embodiment, for example, when the leaf surface temperature is rising even though the saturation is in an appropriate state, the pores are closed because the plant body was exposed to strong light. It may indicate that the transpiration rate has dropped. It is possible to present not only the plant image but also the cause of the phenomenon such as the possibility of exposure to strong light, and even the farmer other than the expert can close the oblique light curtain It becomes easy to take concrete measures such as. The same effect can be achieved with a graphical interface that visually displays the difference from the ideal farmer.

  In the above-described embodiment, the configuration and the like illustrated in the accompanying drawings are not limited to these, and can be changed as appropriate within the scope of the effects of the present invention. In addition, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the object of the present invention.

  Each component of the present invention can be arbitrarily selected, and an invention having a selected configuration is also included in the present invention.

  In addition, a program for realizing the functions described in the present embodiment is recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on the recording medium is read into a computer system and executed to execute processing of each unit. May be performed. The “computer system” here includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.

  The present invention is applicable to plant factories.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Network, 100 ... Cultivation environment data collection base, 200 ... Plant factory A, 300 ... Plant factory B, 101 ... Cultivation environment database, 102 ... Plant activity measurement function, 103 ... Data storage function, 201 ... Plant factory A Cultivation space, 202 ... Sensor group installed in plant factory A, 203 ... Cultivation environment control system installed in plant factory A, 301 ... Cultivation space in plant factory B, 302 ... Sensor group installed in plant factory B, 303 ... A cultivation environment control system installed in the plant factory B.

Claims (7)

For each plant factory, external environment data acquisition processing to acquire basic external environment data collected by the sensor group of the plant factory,
Activity estimation factor data calculation processing for calculating activity estimation factor data for estimating the activity of a plant for monitoring the state of the plant based on the external environment data and the measured value of the sensor group,
A plant activity analysis program, comprising: a notifying process for detecting an abnormality of a plant from a plant activity obtained based on the activity estimation factor data and reporting information including the abnormality. The activity estimation factor data calculation process includes:
The plant activity analysis program according to claim 1, wherein the plant activity analysis program is a process of calculating temporal variation between the saturation and the leaf surface temperature. The notification process includes
The plant activity analysis program according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant activity analysis program is a process for providing an interface for detecting an abnormality of the plant and visually displaying information including the abnormality. The notification process includes
The time change between the satiety calculated by the activity estimation factor data calculation process and the leaf surface temperature is displayed together with the respective time axes,
The process of providing an interface for detecting an abnormality of the plant based on a difference between the saturation and the temporal change in leaf surface temperature and visually displaying information including the abnormality. The plant activity analysis program according to any one of 3 to 3. The notification process includes
The time change of the leaf surface temperature calculated by the activity estimation factor data calculation process is displayed with the time axis aligned with the ideal plant factory and the plant factory to be compared, along the time axis,
This is a process for providing an interface for visually displaying an analysis result for bringing the environment of the plant factory to be compared closer to an ideal plant factory based on a difference in time variation of leaf surface temperature. The plant activity analysis program according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein From the relationship between saturation and leaf surface temperature, the notification process
On the other hand, when the leaf temperature tends to rise, the saturation is not in an environment that inhibits transpiration of the leaves. The plant activity analysis program according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the program suggests a possibility that the amount has fallen and has led to an increase in leaf surface temperature. From the relationship between saturation and leaf surface temperature, the notification process
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the saturation score is lowered, there is a possibility of moisture stress, and it is suggested that the humidity needs to be lowered by ventilation or the like. The plant activity analysis program according to claim 1.

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