JP2014188551A - Sand type molding method and sand type molding device - Google Patents

Sand type molding method and sand type molding device Download PDF

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JP2014188551A
JP2014188551A JP2013066335A JP2013066335A JP2014188551A JP 2014188551 A JP2014188551 A JP 2014188551A JP 2013066335 A JP2013066335 A JP 2013066335A JP 2013066335 A JP2013066335 A JP 2013066335A JP 2014188551 A JP2014188551 A JP 2014188551A
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mold
sand
cavity
foamed
gap
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Ko Maekawa
工 前川
Hiroyasu Watanabe
浩庸 渡辺
Tomokazu Suda
智和 須田
Masaomi Mitsutake
正臣 光武
Toshio Sugano
敏男 菅野
Hiroyuki Kurita
洋行 栗田
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Sintokogio Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Sintokogio Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Priority to JP2013066335A priority Critical patent/JP2014188551A/en
Priority to CN201480003648.2A priority patent/CN104884188A/en
Priority to EP14776559.8A priority patent/EP2979776A4/en
Priority to PCT/JP2014/051273 priority patent/WO2014156246A1/en
Priority to US14/780,116 priority patent/US20160045951A1/en
Priority to TW103104720A priority patent/TW201440921A/en
Publication of JP2014188551A publication Critical patent/JP2014188551A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B22C7/06—Core boxes
    • B22C7/065—Venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
    • B22C15/02—Compacting by pressing devices only
    • B22C15/08—Compacting by pressing devices only involving pneumatic or hydraulic mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C19/00—Components or accessories for moulding machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To smoothly discharge steam and gas generated when heating and solidifying foam sand from a cavity when providing a molding product by filling, heating and solidifying the foam sand in the cavity of a metal mold.SOLUTION: A cavity C is formed by mold-closing a metal mold 2, and foam sand S is filled in the cavity C. When heating and solidifying the foam sand S, mold-closing force is reduced, and while maintaining the cavity C, a slight clearance L is formed between the metal molds 2. Since the gas and the steam generated when heating and solidifying the foam sand S is smoothly discharged to the outside by passing through the clearance L from the inside of the cavity C, a baking time of the foam sand S can be shortened. Even when a solidified binder deposits in a slit 16, the gas and the steam can be surely discharged to the outside from the inside of the cavity C by the clearance L.

Description

本発明は、金型に発泡砂を充填し固化して砂中子等の砂型を造型する砂型造型方法及び砂型造型装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a sand mold making method and a sand mold making apparatus for filling a mold with foamed sand and solidifying it to form a sand mold such as a sand core.

エンジンのシリンダブロックやシリンヘッド等を鋳造する際、ウォータジャケットや吸排気ポート等の中空部を形成するために崩壊性の砂中子（砂型）が用いられる。砂中子は、例えば、熱可塑性樹脂で被覆したシェル砂を砂吹込み装置のノズルから圧縮空気によって金型に吹込み、キャビティ内に充填し、加熱して固めることによって所定の形状に形成される。   When casting a cylinder block or a cylinder head of an engine, a collapsible sand core (sand mold) is used to form a hollow portion such as a water jacket or an intake / exhaust port. The sand core is formed into a predetermined shape by, for example, blowing shell sand coated with a thermoplastic resin into a mold with compressed air from a nozzle of a sand blowing device, filling the cavity, and heating and solidifying. The

これに対して、水、水溶性バインダーを骨材と共に撹拌して発泡させた発泡砂を用いて中子等の砂型の造型を行う技術がある。このように、発泡砂を金型のキャビティに充填して造型を行う場合、発泡砂の加熱、硬化（焼成）の過程で水分の蒸発及び気泡の熱膨張により、キャビティの内圧が高まるため、造型品は、表層部に水溶性バインダー及び骨材が集積して緻密で強度の高い硬化層が形成される一方、内部に密度が低く脆い脆弱部が形成される。このため、発泡砂により造型された中子は、鋳造時には、中子として充分な強度を確保しつつ、鋳造後は、崩壊性に優れ、鋳造品から容易に取除くことができる。   On the other hand, there is a technique for forming a sand mold such as a core by using foamed sand obtained by stirring and foaming water and a water-soluble binder together with an aggregate. Thus, when molding is performed by filling the mold cavity with foam sand, the internal pressure of the cavity increases due to evaporation of moisture and thermal expansion of bubbles during the heating and curing (firing) process of the foam sand. In the product, a water-soluble binder and aggregate are accumulated on the surface layer portion to form a dense hardened layer having high strength, while a brittle portion having a low density is formed inside. For this reason, the core made of foam sand is excellent in disintegration after casting and can be easily removed from the cast product while ensuring sufficient strength as a core during casting.

発泡砂は、金型内で加熱、硬化する際、水蒸気及びガスを発生するため、これらを金型のキャビティの外部に円滑に排出する必要がある。そこで、発泡砂の造型用の金型には、水蒸気及びガスを排出するためのスリット、あるいは、通路が設けられる。また、特許文献１には、発泡砂用のものではないが、金型にガス抜き孔を設けて、シェル砂を金型のキャビティ内で焼成する際、発生するガスを金型のキャビティから排出する点が記載されている。   Foamed sand generates water vapor and gas when heated and cured in the mold, and therefore it is necessary to smoothly discharge these to the outside of the mold cavity. Accordingly, a mold for foaming sand is provided with a slit or a passage for discharging water vapor and gas. Further, Patent Document 1 is not for foaming sand, but a gas vent hole is provided in the mold, and when the shell sand is fired in the mold cavity, the generated gas is discharged from the mold cavity. The point to do is described.

特開２００２−１９２３０５JP 2002-192305 A

発泡砂を用いて砂型を造型する場合、次のような問題がある。
発泡砂の加熱、硬化時間（焼成時間）を短縮するためには、水蒸気をいかに早く金型のキャビティから排出するかが重要である。しかし、発泡砂が加熱、硬化する過程で、水蒸気及びガスと共に水溶性のバインダーがガス抜き用のスリット、通路にから流出するため、造型の繰返しにより、ガス抜き用のスリット、通路に固化したバインダーが堆積して、水蒸気及びガスの排出が妨げられることがある。水蒸気及びガスの円滑な排出が妨げられると、発泡砂の焼成に時間がかかり、問題となる。 When forming a sand mold using foam sand, there are the following problems.
In order to shorten the heating and curing time (baking time) of the foam sand, it is important how quickly water vapor is discharged from the mold cavity. However, since the water-soluble binder flows out from the degassing slits and passages with the steam and gas during the process of heating and hardening the foam sand, the binder solidified in the degassing slits and passages by repeated molding May accumulate and hinder the discharge of water vapor and gases. If smooth discharge of water vapor and gas is hindered, it takes time to fire the foamed sand, which is a problem.

本発明は、上記の点に鑑みて成されたものであり、発泡砂を金型のキャビティ内で加熱、硬化する際、キャビティ内から水蒸気及びガスを円滑に排出して硬化時間を短縮することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and when heating and curing foam sand in a mold cavity, water vapor and gas are smoothly discharged from the cavity to shorten the curing time. With the goal.

上記の課題を解決するために、本発明は、バインダーを骨材と共に撹拌して発泡させた発泡砂を金型のキャビティに充填し、加熱、固化して造型品を得る砂型造型方法及び砂型造型装置において、
前記金型を型締めして前記キャビティを形成し、該キャビティ内に発泡砂を充填した後、前記金型を僅かに開いて前記キャビティを維持しつつ前記金型間に隙間を設けることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sand mold molding method and a sand mold molding method in which a foamed sand obtained by stirring a binder together with an aggregate and foaming is filled in a cavity of a mold and heated and solidified to obtain a molded product. In the device
The mold is clamped to form the cavity, and the cavity is filled with foamed sand, and then the mold is slightly opened to provide a gap between the molds while maintaining the cavity. And

（発明の態様）
以下に、本発明において特許請求が可能と認識される発明（以下、「請求可能発明」という場合がある。）の態様をいくつか例示し、それらについて説明する。各態様は請求項と同様に、項に区分し、各項に番号を付し、必要に応じて他の項の番号を引用する形式で記載する。これは、あくまでも請求可能発明の理解を容易にするためであり、請求可能発明を構成する構成要素の組み合わせを、以下の各項に記載されたものに限定する趣旨ではない。つまり、請求可能発明は、各項に付随する記載，実施例の記載等を参酌して解釈されるべきであり、その解釈に従う限りにおいて、各項の態様にさらに他の構成要素を付加した態様も、また、各項の態様から構成要素を削除した態様も、請求可能発明の一態様となり得るのである。なお、以下の（１）乃至（４）の内容が請求項１乃至４にそれぞれ対応する。 (Aspect of the Invention)
In the following, some aspects of the invention that can be claimed in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “claimable invention”) will be exemplified and described. As with the claims, each aspect is divided into sections, each section is numbered, and is described in a form that cites the numbers of other sections as necessary. This is for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the claimable invention, and is not intended to limit the combinations of the constituent elements constituting the claimable invention to those described in the following sections. In other words, the claimable invention should be construed in consideration of the description accompanying each section, the description of the embodiments, etc., and as long as the interpretation is followed, another aspect is added to the form of each section. In addition, an aspect in which constituent elements are deleted from the aspect of each item can be an aspect of the claimable invention. The following contents (1) to (4) correspond to claims 1 to 4, respectively.

（１）バインダーを骨材と共に撹拌して発泡させた発泡砂を金型のキャビティに充填し、加熱、固化して造型品を得る砂型造型方法において、
前記金型を型締めして前記キャビティを形成し、該キャビティ内に発泡砂を充填した後、前記金型を僅かに開いて前記キャビティを維持しつつ前記金型間に隙間を設けることを特徴とする砂型造型方法。
（２）（１）において、前記金型の型締め力を低下させて、前記金型からの反力により前記金型間に隙間を設けることを特徴とする砂型造型方法。
（３）型締めによりキャビティを形成する金型と、前記金型を開閉する型締め装置と、バインダーを骨材と共に撹拌して発泡させた発泡砂を前記キャビティに充填する充填装置と、前記キャビティ内の発泡砂を加熱する加熱装置と、を備え、
前記型締め装置は、前記キャビティ内に発泡砂を充填した後、前記金型を僅かに開いて前記キャビティを維持しつつ前記金型間に隙間を形成することを特徴とする砂型造型装置
（４）（３）において、前記型締め装置は、型締め力を低下させて、前記金型からの反力により前記金型間に隙間を形成することを特徴とする砂型造型装置。
（１）及び（３）の砂型造型方法及び装置によれば、金型のキャビティ内で発泡砂を加熱、硬化する際、金型間に微小な隙間を設けることにより、水蒸気及びガスが金型間の隙間から円滑に外部に排出されるので、硬化時間を短縮することができる。
金型のキャビティから水蒸気及びガスを排出する通路に固化したバインダーが堆積した場合でも、金型間の隙間により、水蒸気及びガスをキャビティから外部に確実に排出することができる。
このとき、金型間の隙間が充分小さく、キャビティの形状及び寸法が維持されるので、造型品の寸法精度に影響することがない。
また、（２）及び（４）の砂型造型方法及び装置によれば、金型からの反力に応じて金型間の隙間を調整することができる。
（５）（４）において、前記型締め装置は、エアシリンダによって前記金型の型締めを行い、前記エアシリンダに供給する圧縮エアの圧力を低下させて型締め力を低下させることを特徴とする砂型造型装置。 (1) In a sand molding method of filling a mold cavity with foamed sand that is stirred and foamed with an aggregate, heated and solidified to obtain a molded product,
The mold is clamped to form the cavity, and the cavity is filled with foamed sand, and then the mold is slightly opened to provide a gap between the molds while maintaining the cavity. Sand mold making method.
(2) In the method of (1), the mold clamping force of the mold is reduced, and a gap is provided between the molds by a reaction force from the mold.
(3) A mold that forms a cavity by mold clamping, a mold clamping apparatus that opens and closes the mold, a filling apparatus that fills the cavity with foamed sand that is stirred and foamed with a binder, and the cavity. A heating device for heating the foamed sand inside,
The mold clamping device is characterized in that after filling the cavity with foamed sand, the mold is slightly opened to form a gap between the molds while maintaining the cavity (4). ) In (3), the mold clamping device reduces a mold clamping force and forms a gap between the molds by a reaction force from the molds.
According to the sand mold making method and apparatus of (1) and (3), when foaming sand is heated and cured in the cavity of the mold, a small gap is provided between the molds, so that water vapor and gas are transferred to the mold. Since it is smoothly discharged to the outside through the gaps between them, the curing time can be shortened.
Even when the solidified binder accumulates in the passage for discharging water vapor and gas from the mold cavity, the water vapor and gas can be reliably discharged from the cavity to the outside by the gap between the molds.
At this time, since the gap between the molds is sufficiently small and the shape and dimensions of the cavity are maintained, the dimensional accuracy of the molded product is not affected.
Further, according to the sand mold making method and apparatus of (2) and (4), the gap between the molds can be adjusted according to the reaction force from the molds.
(5) In (4), the mold clamping device clamps the mold by an air cylinder and reduces the pressure of compressed air supplied to the air cylinder to reduce the mold clamping force. Sand mold making equipment.

本発明によれば、発泡砂を金型のキャビティ内で加熱、硬化する際、金型間の隙間を通してキャビティ内から水蒸気及びガスを円滑に排出することができ、硬化時間を短縮することができる。   According to the present invention, when foaming sand is heated and cured in the mold cavity, water vapor and gas can be smoothly discharged from the cavity through the gap between the molds, and the curing time can be shortened. .

本発明の一実施形態に係る砂型造型装置を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the sand mold making apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図１の砂型造型装置による発泡砂の造型工程を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the molding process of foaming sand by the sand mold molding apparatus of FIG. 図１の砂型造型装置において、型締め設定圧力と金型間の隙間との関係を示す図表である。In the sand mold making device of FIG. 1, it is a chart which shows the relationship between a clamping setting pressure and the clearance gap between dies. 図１の砂型造型装置において、型締め設定圧力と金型間の隙間との関係を示すグラフ図である。In the sand mold making apparatus of FIG. 1, it is a graph which shows the relationship between a clamping setting pressure and the clearance gap between dies. 図１の砂型造型装置において、型締め設定圧力と造型品の良否との関係を示す図表である。In the sand mold making device of FIG. 1, it is a table | surface which shows the relationship between a clamping setting pressure and the quality of a molded product. 発泡砂の組成を示すイメージ図である。It is an image figure which shows a composition of foaming sand. 金型のキャビティ内で発泡砂が加熱、硬化する過程を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the process in which foaming sand heats and hardens | cures within the cavity of a metal mold | die.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る砂型造型装置１は、発泡砂を固めて砂中子（砂型）を造型するものであって、キャビティＣを形成する金型２と、金型２のキャビティＣに発泡砂Ｓを充填するための充填装置３と、金型２の開閉を行う型締め装置４とを備えている。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, a sand mold making apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment forms a sand core (sand mold) by solidifying foam sand, and includes a mold 2 that forms a cavity C, and a mold 2. A filling device 3 for filling the cavity C with foam sand S and a mold clamping device 4 for opening and closing the mold 2.

本実施形態において使用する発泡砂Ｓは、骨材である砂と、水ガラス（ケイ酸ナトリウム）、水及び界面活性剤を含む水溶性無機バインダーと混合し、混練して発泡状態としたものである。発泡砂Ｓを構成する粒子の状態のイメージを図６に示す。図６（Ａ）は、砂の粒子７の表面に泡８が吸着した状態を示し、図６（Ｂ）は、泡８の一部を拡大して示している。図６（Ｂ）に示すように、発泡砂Ｓは、水ガラス水溶液（水を符号１０、水ガラスを符号１１で示す）の表面を界面活性剤９で覆って泡８を形成し、この泡８が界面活性剤９を介して砂の粒子７の表面に吸着して発泡状態となっており、適度な粘性を有している。ここで、砂に対して、水ガラスのモル比１．０〜３．０、重量比０．４〜３．０％、水の重量比１．５〜５．０％、界面活性剤の重量比０．００３〜２．０％程度とすることにより、適度な粘性を有する発泡砂Ｓを得ることができる。   The foamed sand S used in the present embodiment is a mixture of sand as an aggregate, water glass (sodium silicate), water-soluble inorganic binder containing water and a surfactant, and kneaded into a foamed state. is there. An image of the state of the particles constituting the foamed sand S is shown in FIG. 6A shows a state in which the bubbles 8 are adsorbed on the surface of the sand particles 7, and FIG. 6B shows a part of the bubbles 8 in an enlarged manner. As shown in FIG. 6 (B), the foam sand S forms a foam 8 by covering the surface of a water glass aqueous solution (water is indicated by reference numeral 10 and water glass is indicated by reference numeral 11) with a surfactant 9. 8 is adsorbed on the surface of the sand particles 7 through the surfactant 9 to be in a foamed state, and has an appropriate viscosity. Here, the molar ratio of water glass to sand is 1.0 to 3.0, the weight ratio is 0.4 to 3.0%, the weight ratio of water is 1.5 to 5.0%, and the weight of the surfactant. By setting the ratio to about 0.003 to 2.0%, foamed sand S having an appropriate viscosity can be obtained.

図１を参照して、金型２は、パーティングラインＰによって分割された固定型１２と可動型１３とを備え、固定型１２と可動型１３とを型締めしてキャビティＣを形成する。固定型１２は、固定ベース１４に固定されている。可動型１３は、移動可能な可動ベース１５に固定され、可動ベース１５と共に移動して金型２の開閉を行う。固定型１２及び可動型１３は、ヒータ等の加熱装置Ｈによって１５０℃〜３００℃程度に加熱され、キャビティＣに充填された発泡砂Ｓの水分を蒸発させて発泡砂Ｓを固化させる。金型２には、キャビティＣ内において、発泡砂Ｓが加熱、硬化する際にガス及び水蒸気を外部に排出するためのスリット１６等の排出通路を設けてもよい。   Referring to FIG. 1, the mold 2 includes a fixed mold 12 and a movable mold 13 that are divided by a parting line P, and the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13 are clamped to form a cavity C. The fixed mold 12 is fixed to the fixed base 14. The movable mold 13 is fixed to a movable movable base 15 and moves together with the movable base 15 to open and close the mold 2. The fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13 are heated to about 150 ° C. to 300 ° C. by a heating device H such as a heater, and the moisture of the foamed sand S filled in the cavity C is evaporated to solidify the foamed sand S. The mold 2 may be provided with a discharge passage such as a slit 16 for discharging gas and water vapor to the outside when the foamed sand S is heated and hardened in the cavity C.

金型２の固定型１２及び可動型１３には、それぞれ離型装置１７が設けられている。離型装置１７は、キャビティＣ内に向って進退動可能に設けられた複数の押出ピン１８と、複数の押出ピン１８の基部に連結された押出板１９と、固定ベース１４及び可動ベース１５と押出板１９との間に設けられた押出バネ２０とを備えている。そして、押出バネ２０のバネ力により、押出板１９を介して複数の押出ピン１８を押圧して、押出ピン１８の先端部をキャビティＣ内に突出させるようになっている。両側の押出板１９には、それぞれ先端部が互いに対向する後退ピン２１が取付けられている。そして、固定型１２と可動型１３とを閉じたとき、これらの後退ピン２１の先端部が互いに当接して、押出板１９を押出バネ２０のバネ力に抗して移動させることにより、押出ピン１８をキャビティＣから後退させるようになっている。これにより、押出ピン１８は、金型２の開閉に連動し、金型２を閉じたとき、キャビティＣ内から後退し、金型２を開いたとき、キャビティＣ内に突出して造型した中子を離型する。   A mold release device 17 is provided on each of the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13 of the mold 2. The mold release device 17 includes a plurality of extrusion pins 18 provided so as to be movable back and forth in the cavity C, an extrusion plate 19 connected to the bases of the plurality of extrusion pins 18, a fixed base 14 and a movable base 15. An extrusion spring 20 provided between the extrusion plate 19 and the extrusion plate 19 is provided. Then, the plurality of push pins 18 are pressed through the push plate 19 by the spring force of the push springs 20 so that the tips of the push pins 18 protrude into the cavity C. Retraction pins 21 whose front ends are opposed to each other are attached to the extrusion plates 19 on both sides. When the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13 are closed, the tip portions of the retreat pins 21 come into contact with each other, and the push plate 19 is moved against the spring force of the push spring 20 to thereby push the push pin. 18 is retracted from the cavity C. Thus, the extrusion pin 18 is interlocked with the opening and closing of the mold 2, retracted from the cavity C when the mold 2 is closed, and the core formed by projecting into the cavity C when the mold 2 is opened. Release the mold.

充填装置３は、発泡砂Ｓを混練し、貯留する砂槽２２と、砂槽２２内の発泡砂Ｓを加圧する加圧機構２３と、砂槽２２を金型２のキャビティＣに接続する充填口２４とを備えている。そして、固定型１２と可動型１３とを閉じて型締めした金型２上に砂槽２２をセットし、加圧機構２３によって砂槽２２内の発泡砂Ｓを加圧することにより、充填口２４を介して金型２のキャビティＣ内に発泡砂Ｓを充填する。   The filling device 3 kneads and stores foam sand S, a pressurizing mechanism 23 that pressurizes foam sand S in the sand tank 22, and filling that connects the sand tank 22 to the cavity C of the mold 2. And a mouth 24. Then, the sand tank 22 is set on the mold 2 which is closed and clamped by closing the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13, and the foaming sand S in the sand tank 22 is pressurized by the pressurizing mechanism 23, thereby filling the filling port 24. The foamed sand S is filled into the cavity C of the mold 2 via.

型締め装置４は、可動ベース１５を駆動する複動式のエアシリンダ２６と、エアシリンダ２６に圧縮エアを供給するエア源２７と、エア源２７からエアシリンダ２６への圧縮エアの供給を切換えて、可動ベース１５を前進及び後退させる切換弁２８と、エアシリンダに供給する圧縮エアの圧力を調整する圧力調整弁２９と、エアシリンダ２６に供給された圧縮エアの圧力を検出する圧力計３０と、切換弁２８及び圧力調整弁２９の作動を制御する制御装置３１とを備えている。   The mold clamping device 4 switches the double-acting air cylinder 26 that drives the movable base 15, the air source 27 that supplies compressed air to the air cylinder 26, and the supply of compressed air from the air source 27 to the air cylinder 26. The switching valve 28 for moving the movable base 15 forward and backward, the pressure adjusting valve 29 for adjusting the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the air cylinder, and the pressure gauge 30 for detecting the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the air cylinder 26 And a control device 31 that controls the operation of the switching valve 28 and the pressure regulating valve 29.

制御装置３１は、切換弁２８を制御し、圧縮エアの供給を切換えて複動式のエアシリンダ２６の作動ロッド２６Ａを伸縮させることにより、可動ベース１５と共に可動型１３を進退動させて金型２の開閉を行う。また、型締め時に圧力計３０の検出圧力に基づいて圧力調整弁２９を作動させ、エアシリンダ２６に供給する圧縮エアの圧力を調整することにより、型締め力を調整する。これにより、金型２のキャビティＣ内で発泡砂Ｓが加熱、硬化する際、エアシリンダ２６による型締め力を低下させると、キャビティＣ内の圧力、離型装置１７の押出バネ２０のバネ力、及び、金型２の反りによる反力により、可動型１３が僅かに後退して、固定型１２と可動型１３とのパーティングラインＰに微小な隙間Ｌ（図２（Ｃ）参照）が形成され、この隙間Ｌを調整することができる。   The control device 31 controls the switching valve 28, switches the supply of compressed air, and expands / contracts the actuating rod 26A of the double-acting air cylinder 26, thereby moving the movable mold 13 together with the movable base 15 to move the mold. 2 is opened and closed. Further, the mold clamping force is adjusted by operating the pressure adjustment valve 29 based on the pressure detected by the pressure gauge 30 during mold clamping and adjusting the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the air cylinder 26. Thereby, when foaming sand S is heated and hardened in the cavity C of the mold 2, if the clamping force by the air cylinder 26 is reduced, the pressure in the cavity C and the spring force of the extrusion spring 20 of the mold release device 17 are reduced. Due to the reaction force caused by the warp of the mold 2, the movable mold 13 is slightly retracted, and a minute gap L (see FIG. 2C) is formed in the parting line P between the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13. It is formed and this gap L can be adjusted.

次に、砂型造型装置１により、砂中子を造型する工程について説明する。
図２（Ａ）に示すように、型締め装置４により可動型１３を駆動して金型２を閉じ、型締めしてキャビティＣを形成し、金型２に充填装置３をセットする。このとき、離型装置１７の押出ピン１８は、上述のように型締めに連動してキャビティＣから後退する。金型２を加熱装置Ｈによって予め加熱した状態で、充填装置３の加圧機構２３を作動させて、砂槽２２内の発泡砂Ｓを充填口２４を通して加熱された金型２のキャビティＣに充填する。発泡砂ＳのキャビティＣへの充填が完了した状態を図２（Ｂ）に示す。金型２のキャビティＣ内に充填された発泡砂Ｓは、加熱により水分が蒸発して硬化する。 Next, a process for forming a sand core by the sand mold making apparatus 1 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the movable mold 13 is driven by the mold clamping device 4 to close the mold 2, the mold is clamped to form a cavity C, and the filling device 3 is set in the mold 2. At this time, the extrusion pin 18 of the mold release device 17 moves backward from the cavity C in conjunction with the mold clamping as described above. In a state where the mold 2 is preheated by the heating device H, the pressurizing mechanism 23 of the filling device 3 is operated, and the foamed sand S in the sand tank 22 enters the cavity C of the mold 2 heated through the filling port 24. Fill. FIG. 2B shows a state where the filling of the foam sand S into the cavity C is completed. The foamed sand S filled in the cavity C of the mold 2 evaporates and hardens when heated.

ここで、キャビティＣ内に充填された発泡砂Ｃが加熱、硬化する過程について図７を参照して説明する。図７（Ａ）に示すように、金型２のキャビティＣ内では、加熱により、発泡砂Ｓの気泡８が膨張してキャビティＣの内圧が上昇する。そして、図７（Ｂ）に示すように、気泡８が金型２のキャビティＣの内壁に沿って移動してパーティングラインＰに設けられたスリット１６等によって形成された通路を通って外部へ排出される。このとき、発泡砂Ｓを組成する水ガラス（バインダー）及び骨材がキャビティＣの内壁側に押しやられて、キャビティＣの内壁付近の水ガラス及び骨材の密度が高まる。その結果、キャビティＣ内で固化した砂中子Ｗは、キャビティＣの内壁に接した表層部に水ガラス及び骨材の密度が高く緻密な硬化層３３が形成され、内部の密度が低下し、中心部には、崩壊し易い脆弱部３４が形成される。   Here, a process in which the foamed sand C filled in the cavity C is heated and hardened will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 7A, in the cavity C of the mold 2, the bubbles 8 of the foamed sand S expand due to heating, and the internal pressure of the cavity C rises. Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the bubbles 8 move along the inner wall of the cavity C of the mold 2 to the outside through a passage formed by the slit 16 or the like provided in the parting line P. Discharged. At this time, the water glass (binder) and the aggregate composing the foam sand S are pushed toward the inner wall side of the cavity C, and the density of the water glass and the aggregate near the inner wall of the cavity C is increased. As a result, the sand core W solidified in the cavity C is formed with a dense hardened layer 33 having a high density of water glass and aggregate on the surface layer portion in contact with the inner wall of the cavity C, and the internal density decreases. A fragile portion 34 that easily collapses is formed at the center.

また、キャビティＣの内壁側に押しやられた水ガラス（バインダー）は、水蒸気及びガスと共にスリット１６等からなる通路に侵入して外部に放出される。この通路に侵入したバインダーは、硬化して通路に固着する。このようにして通路に固着したバインダーが堆積して通路が塞がれると、水蒸気及びガスの円滑な排出が阻害され、焼成時間が長くなり、造型不良の原因となる。   Further, the water glass (binder) pushed to the inner wall side of the cavity C enters the passage made of the slit 16 and the like together with water vapor and gas and is discharged to the outside. The binder that has entered the passage is cured and fixed to the passage. When the binder fixed in the passage is deposited in this way and the passage is blocked, smooth discharge of water vapor and gas is hindered, and the firing time becomes longer, resulting in molding failure.

本実施形態では、金型２のキャビティＣへの発泡砂Ｓの充填完了後、型締め装置４のコントローラ３１により、圧力計３０の検出圧力に基づき、圧力調整弁２９を作動させてエアシリンダ２６への圧縮エアの供給圧力を所定圧力だけ減圧し、型締め力を低下させる。これにより、図２（Ｃ）に示すように、発泡砂Ｓの加熱、硬化により上昇したキャビティＣ内の圧力、離型装置１７の押出バネ２０のバネ力、及び、金型２の反りによる反力により、可動型１３が僅かに後退して、固定型１２と可動型１３とのパーティングラインＰに微小な隙間Ｌが形成される。そして、金型２のキャビティＣ内で発泡砂Ｓの加熱、硬化時に生じるガス及び水蒸気がこの微小な隙間Ｌを通して外部に円滑に排出される。その結果、発泡砂Ｓの固化を促進することができ、焼成時間を短縮することができる。   In the present embodiment, after the filling of the foam sand S into the cavity C of the mold 2 is completed, the controller 31 of the mold clamping device 4 operates the pressure adjustment valve 29 based on the pressure detected by the pressure gauge 30 to operate the air cylinder 26. The pressure for supplying compressed air to the chamber is reduced by a predetermined pressure to reduce the clamping force. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2C, the pressure in the cavity C increased by heating and hardening of the foamed sand S, the spring force of the extrusion spring 20 of the mold release device 17, and the warpage due to the warp of the mold 2. Due to the force, the movable mold 13 is slightly retracted, and a minute gap L is formed in the parting line P between the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13. The gas and water vapor generated during heating and hardening of the foamed sand S in the cavity C of the mold 2 are smoothly discharged to the outside through the minute gap L. As a result, solidification of the foamed sand S can be promoted, and the firing time can be shortened.

このとき、微小な隙間Ｌは、ガス及び水蒸気を円滑に排出できる程度の僅かな隙間であり、可動型１３の移動量も僅かであるから、キャビティＣの形状及び寸法が維持されるので、造型する中子の形状及び寸法精度に影響しない。また、キャビティＣ内の圧力、離型装置１７の押出バネ２０のバネ力、及び、金型２の反りの反力により、可動型１３が僅かに移動して固定型１２との間に微小な隙間Ｌを形成するので、金型２間のパーティングラインＰ、スリット１６へのバインダーの堆積量にかかわらず、一定の微小な隙間Ｌを確保することができる。その結果、発泡砂Ｓの加熱、硬化時に生じるガス及び水蒸気を確実に外部に排出することができ、焼成時間を短縮して良好な造型品を得ることができる。   At this time, the minute gap L is a slight gap that allows the gas and water vapor to be smoothly discharged, and the amount of movement of the movable mold 13 is also small, so that the shape and dimensions of the cavity C are maintained. Does not affect the core shape and dimensional accuracy. Further, the movable mold 13 is slightly moved by the pressure in the cavity C, the spring force of the extrusion spring 20 of the mold release device 17, and the warping reaction force of the mold 2, so that the movable mold 13 is slightly moved from the fixed mold 12. Since the gap L is formed, a constant minute gap L can be secured regardless of the amount of binder deposited on the parting line P and the slit 16 between the molds 2. As a result, the gas and water vapor generated during the heating and curing of the foamed sand S can be reliably discharged to the outside, and a good molded product can be obtained by shortening the firing time.

金型２のキャビティＣ内の発泡砂Ｓが固化した後、制御装置３１により切換弁２８を作動させ、複動式のエアシリンダ２６への圧縮エアの供給を切換えて、可動ベース１５と共に可動型１３を後退させて金型２を開き、造型された砂中子を取出す。このとき、型開きに連動して離型装置１７の後退ピン２１の先端部が離間し、押出バネ２０のバネ力により押出板１９が移動し、押出ピン１８がキャビティＣ内に突出して造型した砂中子を離型する。   After the foamed sand S in the cavity C of the mold 2 is solidified, the control valve 31 is operated by the control device 31 to switch the supply of compressed air to the double-acting air cylinder 26, and the movable base 15 is moved together with the movable base 15. 13 is retracted, the mold 2 is opened, and the molded sand core is taken out. At this time, the tip of the retreat pin 21 of the mold release device 17 is separated in conjunction with the mold opening, the push plate 19 is moved by the spring force of the push spring 20, and the push pin 18 protrudes into the cavity C to make a mold. Release the sand core.

次に、上述の工程において、金型２間のパーティングラインＰに隙間Ｌを形成する際（図２（Ｃ）参照）のエアシリンダ２６に供給する圧縮エアの圧力と、隙間Ｌの大きさ、及び、造型された砂中子の良否との関係について図３乃至図５を参照して説明する。   Next, in the above-described steps, the pressure of the compressed air supplied to the air cylinder 26 and the size of the gap L when the gap L is formed in the parting line P between the molds 2 (see FIG. 2C). The relationship between the quality of the molded sand core and quality will be described with reference to FIGS.

図３及び図４に示すように、型締め時のエアシリンダ２６への圧縮エアの供給圧力０．３５ＭＰａに対して、供給圧力を低下させて、０．１５ＭＰａ、０．１０ＭＰａ及び０．０５ＭＰａとすることにより、隙間Ｌは、それぞれ、平均で０．２２ｍｍ、０．２５ｍｍ及び０．３６ｍｍとなった。これにより、図５に示すように、供給圧力を型締め時のまま０．３５ＭＰａとして、隙間Ｌを設けない場合には、造型品は、良品６０％、不良品４０％であるのに対して、供給圧力を０．１０ＭＰａに低下させて隙間Ｌを設けた場合、良品８０％、不良品２０％となり、さらに供給圧力を０．０５ＭＰａに低下させて隙間Ｌを増大した場合、１００％の良品を得ることができた。   As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the supply pressure is reduced to 0.15 MPa, 0.10 MPa, and 0.05 MPa against the supply pressure of 0.35 MPa of compressed air to the air cylinder 26 during mold clamping. As a result, the gaps L were 0.22 mm, 0.25 mm, and 0.36 mm on average, respectively. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5, when the supply pressure is set to 0.35 MPa while the mold is clamped and the gap L is not provided, the molded product is 60% non-defective product and 40% defective product. When the supply pressure is reduced to 0.10 MPa and the gap L is provided, the non-defective product is 80% and the defective product is 20%. When the supply pressure is further reduced to 0.05 MPa and the gap L is increased, 100% good product is obtained. Could get.

なお、上記実施形態では、型締め装置４のエアシリンダ２６への圧縮エアの供給圧力（型締め力）を低下させて、金型２間の反力により固定型１２と可動型１３との間に隙間Ｌを形成するようにしているが、可動型１３の移動量を直接制御することにより、所定の隙間Ｌを形成するようにしてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the supply pressure (clamping force) of the compressed air to the air cylinder 26 of the mold clamping device 4 is reduced, and the reaction force between the molds 2 causes the space between the fixed mold 12 and the movable mold 13. However, the predetermined gap L may be formed by directly controlling the movement amount of the movable mold 13.

１…砂型造型装置、２…金型、Ｃ…キャビティ、Ｈ…加熱装置、Ｌ…隙間、Ｓ…発泡砂   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Sand mold making apparatus, 2 ... Mold, C ... Cavity, H ... Heating apparatus, L ... Crevice, S ... Foam sand

Claims (4)

バインダーを骨材と共に撹拌して発泡させた発泡砂を金型のキャビティに充填し、加熱、固化して造型品を得る砂型造型方法において、
前記金型を型締めして前記キャビティを形成し、該キャビティ内に発泡砂を充填した後、前記金型を僅かに開いて前記キャビティを維持しつつ前記金型間に隙間を設けることを特徴とする砂型造型方法。 In the sand mold making method, the foamed sand which is foamed by stirring the binder together with the aggregate is filled into the mold cavity, heated and solidified to obtain a molded product.
The mold is clamped to form the cavity, and the cavity is filled with foamed sand, and then the mold is slightly opened to provide a gap between the molds while maintaining the cavity. Sand mold making method. 前記金型の型締め力を低下させて、前記金型からの反力により前記金型間に隙間を設けることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の砂型造型方法。   The sand mold making method according to claim 1, wherein a clamping force of the mold is reduced and a gap is provided between the molds by a reaction force from the mold. 型締めによりキャビティを形成する金型と、前記金型を開閉する型締め装置と、バインダーを骨材と共に撹拌して発泡させた発泡砂を前記キャビティに充填する充填装置と、前記キャビティ内の発泡砂を加熱する加熱装置と、を備え、
前記型締め装置は、前記キャビティ内に発泡砂を充填した後、前記金型を僅かに開いて前記キャビティを維持しつつ前記金型間に隙間を形成することを特徴とする砂型造型装置。 A mold for forming a cavity by mold clamping, a mold clamping apparatus for opening and closing the mold, a filling apparatus for filling the cavity with foamed sand obtained by stirring and foaming a binder together with an aggregate, and foaming in the cavity A heating device for heating the sand,
The mold clamping device is characterized in that after filling the cavity with foamed sand, the mold is slightly opened to form a gap between the molds while maintaining the cavity. 前記型締め装置は、型締め力を低下させて、前記金型からの反力により前記金型間に隙間を形成することを特徴とする請求項３に記載の砂型造型装置。   The sand mold molding apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the mold clamping device reduces a mold clamping force and forms a gap between the molds by a reaction force from the mold.
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