JP2014185871A - Slope water supply amount monitoring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure a water supply amount to the underground by rain fall or snow melting on a slope by suppressing the positional deviation and damage due to a load of snow coverage.SOLUTION: A slope water supply amount monitoring device of the present invention includes: a catchment unit that includes a water channel having an opening in its upper part and is disposed on a slope in an inclined state; a lid unit that is disposed on the opening and includes a communication hole communicating between the outside and the water channel; a water guide channel for guiding the water discharged from a slope valley side of the catchment unit to a measurement section for measuring the water amount; and a fixing unit for stretching and fixing a part located on the slope mountain side of the catchment unit. The water amount of rainwater or snowmelt water intruding from the opening of the catchment unit can be measured by the measurement section.

Description

  The present invention relates to a water supply monitoring device that measures the amount of water supplied to the ground due to rainfall or snowmelt, and more particularly to a slope water supply monitoring device that measures the amount of water supplied to a slope.

  Conventionally, in order to predict a disaster caused by weather, various events such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure are measured in various places. It is also known to measure the amount of rainfall and the amount of snow melt. Cited Document 1 describes the amount of snow melt in the target area by measuring the amount of snow melted for effective operation of the sewage treatment facility. An apparatus for predicting the amount of snowmelt water to be estimated is disclosed.

  By the way, it is required to measure the amount of water supply on the slope in order to predict the sediment and avalanche disaster on the slope such as the mountainside in advance. Previous studies comparing flat ground and slopes pointed out that snowmelt water may flow out into the ground at an earlier time than the flat ground, and that the snow accumulation strength of the slope is lower than the flat ground. Both have different characteristics in terms of the amount of snowmelt and the penetration of snowmelt water into the snow. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the amount of water supplied to the slope based on the amount of snowmelt and the amount of water supplied on the flat ground, and it is required to directly measure the amount of water supplied on the slope.

Japanese Patent No. 4776434

  However, when installing the measuring means on the slope, that is, the slope water supply monitoring device, unlike the case of installing the device on a flat ground, the load due to snow (slope snow pressure) is greatly applied to the device. Although it is possible to make a load resistant by assembling the entire device with a structure such as concrete, in such a case, the cost of the entire device is increased and the work efficiency associated with the difficulty of working on the slope is reduced. Deterioration is expected. In addition, in the case of a simple device, the load due to snow accompanies displacement and damage of the device, making it difficult to accurately measure the amount of rainfall and the amount of snow melt.

In order to solve the above problems, a slope water supply monitoring device according to the present invention is:
A water collection section having a water channel with an opening upward and installed on the slope in an inclined state;
A lid portion provided in the opening and having a communication hole communicating with the outside and the water channel;
A water conduit leading the water drained from the sloped valley side of the water collecting section to a measuring section for measuring the amount of water;
A fixing part for stretching and fixing the portion located on the slope mountain side of the water collecting part,
The measurement unit can measure the amount of rainwater or snowmelt water entering from the opening of the water collecting unit.

Furthermore, in the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present invention,
The water collecting portion is embedded in the ground so that the upper surface of the lid portion is at the same height as the slope.

Furthermore, in the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present invention,
A water-conducting filter is installed immediately below the lid.

  Even if the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present invention adopts a simple configuration, by providing a fixing portion that stretches and fixes the portion located on the slope mountain side of the water collection portion, It is possible to suppress misalignment and damage, and to accurately measure the amount of water supplied to the slope due to rainfall or snowmelt.

  Further, in the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present invention, the water collecting part is embedded in the ground so that the upper surface of the lid part is at the same height as the slope, thereby suppressing the protrusion amount of the water collecting part from the slope. It is possible to reduce the load caused by snow.

  Furthermore, in the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present invention, a filter having water conductivity is provided immediately below the lid, so that foreign matters such as dead leaves and earth and sand are prevented from entering the water channel, and a good water conveyance function is provided. It is possible to hold.

The figure which shows the state of measurement by the slope water supply monitoring device on the slope The top view of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention Front view of a slope water supply monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention The perspective view of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention The figure which shows the setting situation of slope water supply monitoring device at the time of snowfall Side view of a slope water supply monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention The figure which shows the fixing | fixed part of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The figure which shows the internal structure (water conveyance structure) of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing various measurement states on a slope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  The slope water supply monitoring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a water collection unit 10 having an opening on the upper surface, a water conduit 20 for guiding water collected by the water collection unit 10 to the measurement unit 30, and a water collection unit. The fixing unit 40 is provided to fix the unit 10 in a stretched manner. With such a configuration, the slope water supply monitoring device can guide water flowing into the upper surface opening of the water collecting unit 10 to the measuring unit 30 through the water conduit 20. The amount of water flowing into the measuring unit 30 is measured by a measuring instrument such as a falling water meter installed inside.

  A communication path for transmitting measurement results from the falling water meter to the measuring unit 30 that measures the amount of water is connected. The measurement result is periodically transmitted to the measurer via this communication path. In the case of the falling water meter, no power is required, but in the case of a measuring instrument that requires electricity, power is supplied to the measuring unit 30 from the outside.

  The water supplied to the slope is not only rainwater caused by rainfall, but also snowmelt water due to snow in winter. By measuring the amount of water supplied to the slope in this way, the slope water supply monitoring device can predict the risk of a landslide or a full-scale avalanche during snow cover. In snowy areas, slope snow pressure is a burden on the slope water supply monitoring device. In particular, in a snowy region where the amount of snow covered is several meters, the load becomes extremely large, and there is a risk that the slope water supply monitoring device will be displaced or damaged. Therefore, the slope water supply monitoring device of the present embodiment is provided with the fixed portion 40 in the water collecting unit 10 to suppress the displacement and breakage of the slope water supply monitoring device and accurately measure the water supply amount to the slope. It is a feature.

  Then, the structure of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a top view of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view of the slope water supply monitoring device according to the embodiment of the present invention, and is a view of the slope water supply monitoring device viewed in the upward direction (mountain direction) at the position AA shown in FIG. . FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the slope water supply monitoring device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The slope water supply monitoring device has a water collecting part 10, a lid part 16, and a water conduit 20 as main components. The water collecting portion 10 of the present embodiment is configured to have opening groove portions 13 a to 13 h (U-shaped grooves) in an iron frame 11. In the top view of FIG. 2, the upper side is directed to the mountain side of the slope and the lower side is directed to the valley side. In addition, this top view is shown with the lower part of the lid 16 cut away so that the internal configuration of the water collecting part 10 can be easily observed.

  Although the water collection part 10 of this embodiment has eight opening groove parts 13a-13h, two opening groove parts (a and e, b and f, c and g, d and h) are made into a group, and four water channels are made. Forming. The upper part of these water channels is closed with an upper closing plate 14 and the lower part of the water channel is closed with a lower closing plate 15 to prevent water from entering and leaking from the ground. In the present embodiment, PVC plates are used for the upper closing plate 14 and the lower closing plate 15. The connecting portion between the opening groove portions 13 and the connecting portion between the opening groove portion 13 and the upper closing plate 14 (lower closing plate) are subjected to a caulking process to close the gap.

  Lids 16a to 16h are installed on the upper surface of the water collecting portion 10, in the present embodiment, on the upper surfaces of the respective opening groove portions 13a to 13h. In order to explain the inside of the water collecting part 10, the opening groove parts 13e to 13h are not shown with the lid parts 16e to 16h, but in actuality, like the upper part, the lid part is above the opening groove parts 13e to 13h. 16a-16d are installed. In the present embodiment, the lid portions 16a to 16h are made of a grating made of steel materials in a lattice shape, allowing water to be collected from the upper surface of the water collection portion 10, and foreign matters such as dead leaves and snow accumulation. The opening groove 13 is prevented from entering the inside. In particular, in this embodiment, it is installed so that the main direction of the steel material of the lid portions 16a to 16h is located in the lateral direction, and the slippage of snow on the upper surfaces of the lid portions 16a to 16h in winter is suppressed, to the slope It is possible to accurately measure the amount of water supply.

  FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the water collecting section 10. The lid portions 16a to 16h are removed so that the inside of the water collecting portion 10 can be easily observed. In addition, in this perspective view, the configuration of the upper fixing plate 17 and the lower fixing plate 18 that are respectively installed above and below the water collecting unit 10 when the slope water supply amount monitoring device is installed is shown. The installation of the upper fixing plate 17 and the lower fixing plate 18 will be described in detail later.

  The water collected in the opening grooves 13 a to 13 h is guided to the measuring unit 30 through the water conduit 20. The water conduit 20 of the present embodiment includes individual water collecting pipes 21 a to 21 d provided for each water channel in the water collecting unit 10, an integrated pipe 22 that collects water collected by the individual water collecting pipes 21 a to 21 d, and a water collecting direction. A shoulder socket 23 to be converted, a first outlet pipe 24 that guides water from the shoulder socket 23 to the measuring unit 30, a different diameter socket 25, and a second outlet pipe 25 are configured. Thus, in this embodiment, the water collected in each water channel of the water collecting unit 10 is integrated in the water collecting channel 20 and output to the measuring unit 30, but the amount of water flowing out from each individual water collecting pipe 21a to 21d It is good also as measuring individually. By measuring for each water channel of the water collecting section 10, it becomes possible to measure the amount of water supplied to the slope for each slope position.

The measuring unit 30 that measures the amount of water flowing from the water conduit 20 includes a corner block 31 and a tip-type water meter 32 that is installed in an internal space formed by the corner block 31. The falling water meter 32 is a device that measures the amount of water by counting the number of overturns, and in this embodiment, the water flowing from the water conduit 20 is drained. The amount of water from the water conduit 20 is measured, and the amount of water entering the water collecting unit 10, that is, the amount of water supplied to the slope is measured. Therefore, the water that has been drained is absorbed into the ground by gravel 33 installed on the lower surface of the water meter 32. The amount of water measured by the measuring unit 30 is periodically transmitted to the outside via a communication path. Various types of water measuring devices can be employed in the measuring unit 30 that measures the amount of water from the water conduit 20 in addition to the falling type water meter 32.

  The slope water supply monitoring device according to the present embodiment is configured to include the water collection unit 10, the cover unit 16, the water collection channel 20, and the measurement unit 30 as described above, but in addition, the water collection unit 10 is fixed. A fixing part 40 for Therefore, fixing holes 12 a and 12 b for connecting the water collecting part 10 and the fixing part are formed in the upper part (mountain side) of the water collecting part 10. By installing a fixing part in the fixing holes 12a and 12b and fixing the water collecting part 10 to the slope, it is possible to suppress the displacement and breakage of the slope water supply monitoring device. This fixing portion will be described in detail later.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the installation status of the slope water supply monitoring device during snowfall. The slope water supply monitoring device according to the present embodiment can measure the amount of snowmelt during snowfall in addition to the amount of rainfall on the slope. Especially in snowy areas, the snow cover is expected to be several meters as shown in the figure. When installed on a flat ground, there is no particular problem with the pressure from the top surface due to snow, but when installed on a slope in this way, the slope water supply monitoring device is subject to a large load F on the top. It becomes. The load applied to the water supply amount monitoring device will lead to the displacement and breakage of the water collection unit 10, and in particular, when the displacement of the water collection unit 10 occurs, it causes deformation and breakage of the water conduit 20, Water leakage from the water conduit 20 is generated. In order to solve such a problem, the slope water supply monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided with a fixing unit 40 above (mountain side) the water collection part 10, so that the position of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus due to the snow load F Shift and breakage are to be suppressed.

  Then, installation (including a fixed part) of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using a figure. FIG. 6 is a side view of the slope water supply amount monitoring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a fixing portion of the slope water supply amount monitoring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The side view of the slope water supply monitoring device shown in FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the state of the slope water supply monitoring device in the ground installed on the slope. Each structure (the water collection part 10, the water conduit 20, and the measurement part 30) of the slope water supply monitoring apparatus demonstrated in FIGS. 2-4 is embed | buried in the slope ground. In order to measure the amount of water supplied to the slope, it is necessary to expose the upper surface of the water collecting portion 10 to the outside. In particular, in this embodiment, the water collecting portion 10 is inclined on the slope mountain side of the water collecting portion 10. It is buried in the ground to be the same height (level). With such a configuration, the water collecting unit 10 suppresses the portion protruding from the slope at the slope mountain side portion, thereby suppressing the load caused by snow accumulation. Moreover, it has become the installation form which suppressed the load by snow accumulation by embedding the water guide channel 20 and the measurement part 30 also roughly in underground.

  6 shows a state (side view) of the fixing unit 40 for tensioning and fixing the water collecting unit 10 above, and FIG. 7 shows the state of the fixing unit 40 at the same position ( Top view) is shown. In this manner, by fixing the water collecting unit 10 by the fixing unit 40, the displacement and damage of the slope water supply monitoring device due to the load of snow are suppressed. The fixing part 40 of the present embodiment is configured by a fixing pile 41, fasteners 42, 44, 46, a fastening pipe 45, and wires 43, 47, and the frame 11 of the water collecting part 10 is arranged at the upper part of the slope (mountain side). It is fixed on a tree.

  Fixed stakes 41a and 41b each having a through hole in the upper portion are installed in the respective fixed holes 12a and 12b provided in the frame 11. The pile portions of the fixed piles 41a and 41b penetrate the slope, thereby making it possible to firmly fix the frame 11 to the ground. On the other hand, fasteners 42a and 42b are installed in the penetrating portions provided in the upper portions of the fixed piles 41a and 41b, and are fastened to the wires 43a and 43b. The other ends of the wires 43a and 43b are fastened to the fastening pipe 45 via the fasteners 44a and 44b. The fastening tube 45 is fastened to one wire 47 via a fastener 46, and the other end of the wire 47 is stretched and fixed to a tree trunk located on the mountain side of the water collecting portion 10 as shown in FIG. ing. In this way, the water collecting unit 10 is stretched and fixed by the fixing unit 40, thereby suppressing movement and breakage due to a load of snow. In the present embodiment, the object to be stretched and fixed can be appropriately selected for each place where a structure such as a tough structure is installed in addition to a tree trunk.

  Next, an internal configuration (water guide configuration) of the slope water supply monitoring device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In order to suppress deterioration of water conveyance characteristics due to dead leaves and earth and sand entering into the four water channels constituted by the opening groove portions 13a to 13h, a filler is installed therein. As shown in FIG. 8, a filter C is installed as a filler in each water channel. The filter C is a sponge-like material having water conductivity, and is filled up to just below the grating 16. Due to the water conveyance of the filter C, the water that has entered from above the water collecting section 10 passes through the filter C and is drained to the water conduit 20. On the other hand, foreign matters such as dead leaves and earth and sand are prevented from entering the water channel by the filter C installed in the upper layer.

  As described above, the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present embodiment is in an environment in which foreign matters such as dead leaves and earth and sand easily enter from the upper side (mountain side) because it is installed on the slope. By providing the filter C in the water channel, intrusion of foreign matter is suppressed and a good water guiding function is realized.

  As described above, the slope water supply monitoring device according to the present embodiment is installed on a slope such as a mountain, so that it is possible to predict a landslide or a full-scale avalanche by measuring the amount of water supply to the slope. . In particular, installation on the slope may cause displacement due to a snow load in winter and damage to the water collecting part 10, but the load on the snow covered by fixing the upper side (mountain side) of the water collecting part 10 in a stretched manner. This makes it possible to accurately measure the amount of water supplied to the slope.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and embodiments configured by appropriately combining the configurations of the respective embodiments also fall within the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Water collecting part, 11 ... Frame, 12 ... Fixing hole, 13 ... Opening groove part (U-shaped groove), 14 ... Upper closed plate (PVC board), 15 ... Lower closed plate (PVC plate), 16 ... Lid part ( 17) Upper fixing plate, 18 ... Lower fixing plate, 20 ... Water guide channel, 21 ... Individual water collecting pipe, 22 ... Integrated pipe, 23 ... Shoulder socket, 24 ... First outlet pipe, 25 ... Different diameter socket, 26 2nd derivation pipe, 30 ... measuring section, 31 ... square block, 32 ... tipping water meter, 33 ... gravel, 40 ... fixing section, 41 ... fixed pile, 42, 44, 46 ... fastener, 43, 47 ... Wire, 45 ... Fastening tube

Claims (3)

A water collection section having a water channel with an opening upward and installed on the slope in an inclined state;
A lid portion provided in the opening and having a communication hole communicating with the outside and the water channel;
A water conduit leading the water drained from the sloped valley side of the water collecting section to a measuring section for measuring the amount of water;
A fixing part for stretching and fixing the portion located on the slope mountain side of the water collecting part,
The slope water supply monitoring device characterized in that the measurement unit can measure the amount of rainwater or snowmelt water that enters from the opening of the water collecting unit. The slope water supply monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the water collecting part is embedded in the ground so that the upper surface of the lid part is at the same height as the slope. The slope water supply monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a filter having water conductivity is installed immediately below the lid.

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