JP2014165185A - Electrolyte for electric power storage device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrolyte for an electric power storage device having a negative electrode including elemental magnesium which prevents the formation of a passive state of a negative electrode including elemental magnesium, allows a large-current, high-capacity electric power storage device to be obtained at a low cost without using a dangerous component, and enables the constitution of an electric power storage device system by magnesium exclusively.SOLUTION: An electrolyte is for an electric power storage device having a negative electrode including elemental magnesium. The electrolyte comprises a magnesium salt, a lithium salt and solvent. The electrolyte includes 0.13-1.08 mol% of the lithium salt to the magnesium salt.

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing a magnesium element.

  As one of power storage devices corresponding to the recent miniaturization and higher functionality of electrical equipment, power storage devices having a negative electrode containing a magnesium element have been studied.

For example, Patent Document 1 proposes an electrochemical device using metallic magnesium as a negative electrode. In general, a passive film that does not allow magnesium ions to pass through is formed on the negative electrode surface of metallic magnesium, which is a negative electrode active material. In order to prevent the formation of such a passive film, an electrolytic solution containing alkylaluminum is used for this electrochemical device. Specifically, the electrochemical device includes a positive electrode containing an active material made of cobalt (II) chloride, a negative electrode of a metal magnesium foil, a polyethylene glycol separator, and an ether solvent (such as tetrahydrofuran (THF)) and a magnesium salt. Consists of components such as an electrolyte containing the above electrolyte (Mg (ClO ₄ ) _{2 and the} like) and alkylaluminum (such as trimethylaluminum).

  However, the electrochemical device of Patent Document 1 has trimethylaluminum in a configuration in which ether used as a solvent has high volatility, so that the productivity of the device is low, and voltage resistance cannot be increased because of low voltage resistance. Alkyl aluminum, etc. belongs to the third category as a dangerous substance based on the Fire Service Law, and it spontaneously ignites when exposed to oxygen in the air, and reacts violently when exposed to water to produce a highly flammable gas. There is a problem such as lack of nature.

Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an ionic liquid N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bisimide (DEMETFSI) as an electrolytic solution applicable to an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing magnesium element. ), And an electrolyte solution in which magnesium bisimide (Mg (TFSI) ₂ ) and lithium bisimide (LiTFSI) are dissolved is disclosed.

  However, the electrolyte solution of Non-Patent Document 1 is expensive because it uses an expensive ionic liquid, and the ionic liquid has a high viscosity and low ionic conductivity, so that the output current of the electricity storage device is low. There is a point. Furthermore, since the electrolytic solution of Non-Patent Document 1 co-precipitates and oxidizes lithium and magnesium, it is not possible to configure an electricity storage device system (cell, battery) using only magnesium.

JP 2007-188694 A

Mami Matsumoto, Nobuko Yoshimoto, Minato Egashira, Masayuki Morita: Abstracts of Annual Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan, Vol. 74, p. 327

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, prevents the formation of a passive film on the negative electrode surface containing magnesium element, and has a large current value and high capacity without using dangerous components. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrolyte solution for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing a magnesium element, in which an electricity storage device can be obtained at low cost and can constitute an electricity storage device system using magnesium alone.

  An electrolytic solution for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing a magnesium element according to the present invention that solves the above problems includes a magnesium salt, a lithium salt, and a solvent, and the amount of the lithium salt relative to the magnesium salt is 0.13 to 1. 0.08 mol%.

  According to the electrolytic solution for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing magnesium element of the present invention, the amount of lithium salt in the electrolytic solution is 0.13 to 1.08 mol% with respect to the magnesium salt. A value can be obtained and an electricity storage device having a large capacity can be manufactured. In addition, since the amount of expensive lithium salt used is small and there is no need to use an expensive solvent such as an ionic liquid or a dangerous substance component, a safe electricity storage device can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, since the amount of lithium salt to be used is small, an electricity storage device system using magnesium alone can be configured.

It is the schematic of the apparatus used for evaluation of the electrolyte solution of an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure (CV curve) which shows the evaluation result of the electrolyte solution of Example 1. FIG. It is the schematic of the apparatus used for evaluation of the capacitor of an Example and a comparative example. It is the schematic of the cell used for evaluation of the capacitor of an Example and a comparative example. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the capacitor of Example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of having performed the surface analysis (XPS) of the magnesium electrode of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the capacitor of Example 2. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the capacitor of Example 3. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the capacitor of Example 4. It is a figure (CV curve) which shows the evaluation result of the electrolyte solution of the comparative example 1. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the evaluation results of the capacitor of Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows the result of having performed the surface analysis (XPS) of the magnesium electrode of the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the evaluation result of the capacitor of the comparative example 2.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The electrolytic solution for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing magnesium element of the present invention includes a magnesium salt, a lithium salt, and a solvent, and the amount of the lithium salt relative to the magnesium salt is 0.13 to 1.08 mol%. It is characterized by being.

Examples of the magnesium salt in the electrolytic solution of the present invention include MgCl ₂ , MgBr ₂ , Mg (ClO ₄ ) ₂ , Mg (BF ₄ ) ₂ , Mg (PF ₆ ) ₂ , Mg (AsF ₆ ) ₂ , and Mg (TFSI) _2. And perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (Mg (RfSO ₃ ) ₂ , where Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group), such as (Mg (CF ₃ SO ₃ ) ₂ , Mg (C ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ ) ₂ , And perfluoroalkylsulfonylimide salts such as Mg ((CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N) ₂ (Mg ((RfSO ₂ ) ₂ N) ₂ , where Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group). A salt may be used independently and multiple types of these may be mixed and used.

The lithium salt in the electrolytic solution of the present _{invention, LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiPF} 6, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 2 F 5 BF 3, LiB (C 2 O 4) 2, Li (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N, LiC ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ , Li (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ N, Li (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C, LiPF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ) ₃ , LiB (C ₆ F ₅ ) _{4 and the} like. These lithium salts may be used alone, or a plurality of these may be mixed and used.

  The solvent in the electrolytic solution of the present invention may be any solvent that dissolves and dissociates the electrolyte (magnesium salt, lithium salt) in the electrolytic solution. Ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, Ester solvents such as diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,2-diethoxyethane, butyl methyl ether, etc. Is mentioned. These solvents may be used alone, or a plurality of them may be mixed and used.

  The amount of the lithium salt in the electrolytic solution of the present invention is 0.13 mol% or more, preferably 0.13 to 1.08 mol%, based on the magnesium salt. By setting the amount of the lithium salt in such a range, a large current value can be obtained when a negative electrode containing magnesium element is used. This is presumably because lithium contained in the electrolytic solution has an action of removing an oxide film that becomes a passive film formed on the negative electrode surface containing magnesium element. In addition, by setting the amount of lithium salt in the range, an electricity storage device having a large capacity that can be operated by magnesium alone can be manufactured. When the amount of the lithium salt is less than 0.13 mol% with respect to the magnesium salt, the oxide film on the negative electrode cannot be sufficiently removed and discharge cannot be performed. On the other hand, if the amount of the lithium salt is more than 1.08 mol% with respect to the magnesium salt, lithium precipitates during charging, and the operation of magnesium alone cannot be performed. The amount of the lithium salt in the electrolytic solution is more preferably 0.13 to 0.54 mol% with respect to the magnesium salt.

  The electrolytic solution of the present invention can be prepared by dissolving a predetermined amount of magnesium salt and lithium salt in a solvent to be used by an appropriate method.

  The electrolytic solution of the present invention can be suitably used for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing a magnesium element. Such an electricity storage device includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an electrolytic solution, and the like.

The negative electrode contains a magnesium element. For example, the negative electrode includes magnesium metal that is an active material of the negative electrode. When the negative electrode is formed of metal magnesium alone, the energy capacity of the negative electrode can be increased.
The negative electrode can also contain a negative electrode active material made of a magnesium alloy.

  The magnesium alloy is preferably a magnesium-calcium alloy containing calcium element. Moreover, it is preferable that content of the calcium element contained in a magnesium-calcium alloy is 35.6 at% or less of the whole magnesium-calcium alloy. When the content of calcium element in the entire magnesium-calcium alloy is more than 35.6 at%, a calcium metal phase appears, and magnesium metal cannot be reversibly oxidized and reduced. It cannot be maintained. Then, the negative electrode is corroded and the durability of the device is lowered. The magnesium alloy may be a mixture of metallic magnesium alone and a magnesium-calcium alloy.

  The positive electrode is, for example, a magnesium oxide that can insert and desorb magnesium ions, and the inside of the electrode is positively charged, and negative ions (anions) in the electrolyte are used as positive and negative electrodes. Can be used for conventional power storage devices such as activated carbon that can be electrostatically adsorbed to accumulate electric charge.

  The separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode has a role of mechanically securing a space in which an electrolyte component exists by including an electrolytic solution while preventing contact short circuit between the two electrodes. Examples thereof include those used in conventional electrochemical devices such as cellulose paper separators and polyethylene or polypropylene resin separators.

  The electricity storage device to which the electrolytic solution of the present invention is applied is configured as, for example, a primary battery, a secondary battery, an electrochemical capacitor, or the like.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited by these.

<Example 1>
1. Preparation of electrolyte solution Magnesium perchlorate (Mg (ClO ₄ ) ₂ , manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) 3 in 28 ml of γ-butyrolactone (GBL, manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a magnesium salt was dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 9 hours under vacuum. After dissolving 12 g (0.014 M), lithium perchlorate (LiClO ₄ , manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dried by heating at 100 ° C. for 9 hours as a lithium salt, 8 mg (0.0000752 M, based on magnesium salt) 0.54 mol%) was dissolved to prepare a magnesium electrolyte (50 ppm H ₂ O).

2. Evaluation of Electrolytic Solution An electrolytic solution was evaluated using an apparatus as shown in FIG.
A working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode made of a metal magnesium plate (purity 99.9%, thickness 0.1 mm, manufactured by Nilaco Co., Ltd.) cut into a circle having a diameter of 15.5 mm were prepared. A current collecting lead was attached to the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode produced as described above, and immersed in a container into which the electrolytic solution was poured to form an evaluation cell.

The evaluation cell thus fabricated was adjusted so that the potential of the working electrode with respect to the reference electrode was −1.2 to +2.5 V (vs Mg / Mg ²⁺ ), the potential scanning speed was 5 mV / s, and the working electrode with respect to the reference electrode was After scanning from the initial potential of 0 V (vsMg / Mg ²⁺ ) in the oxidation direction, an operation of scanning in the reduction direction was performed. Such an oxidation / reduction operation was repeated 5 times to obtain a CV curve shown in FIG. 2 (the number of the curve in the figure represents the order of the oxidation / reduction operation).

As shown in FIG. 2, the oxidation dissolution increased with each operation in the oxidation direction, and an oxidation current of 30 mA / cm ² (10 times that of Comparative Example 1 below) at the maximum was obtained.

3. Evaluation of an electricity storage device An apparatus as shown in FIG. 3 was used to evaluate a capacitor (an electricity storage device).
A negative electrode composed of an electrode material (thickness 95 μm) made of activated carbon 1 and an aluminum foil current collector 2 (thickness 30 μm) of φ15.5 mm positive electrode material (made by Hosen Co., Ltd.) and metal magnesium foil 3 Bipolar cell having a positive electrode 5 and a negative electrode 6 (product) with a separator 4 made of cellulose (product name “TF40” manufactured by Nippon Kogyo Paper Industries Co., Ltd., thickness 40 μm) sandwiched between materials (thickness 0.1 mm) Name “HS cell” manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd.) in an environment with a dew point of −50 ° C. or lower. The electrolytic solution prepared above was used as the electrolytic solution 7. The penetration of the electrolytic solution into the electrode material was performed by evacuating to 1 MPa and immediately returning to atmospheric pressure. The structure of the cell used for evaluation is shown in FIG.

  The capacity of the capacitor is a battery charging / discharging device (trade name “HJ-201B” manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd.), with a charging current of 0.1 mA, a charging voltage of 3.2 V, a charging time of 30 minutes, a discharging current of 0.1 mA, and a lower limit voltage. Under the condition of 1.5 V, the discharge time at the third cycle was taken as the discharge capacity.

  The relationship between the number of cycles and the discharge time is as shown in FIG. 5, and the discharge capacity of the cell (discharge time at the third cycle) was 604 seconds.

4). Surface analysis of magnesium electrode Composition analysis in the depth direction of the magnesium negative electrode used in the above evaluation was performed by elemental qualitative / quantitative analysis (XPS) using X-ray by argon sputtering (analyzer: Quantera SXM (manufactured by PHI) ), Analysis conditions: X-ray diameter 200 μm, etching rate 36.7 nm / min). The analysis result is obtained as an XPS depth profile indicating the relationship between the depth from the surface and the atomic concentration (Mg, O) (FIG. 6). From the detected concentration distribution in the depth direction of the Mg, O element, the oxide film thickness is obtained. Is estimated to be 30 nm or less.

<Example 2>
The electrolytic solution was prepared and the capacitor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 mg of lithium perchlorate (0.0000188M, 0.13 mol% based on magnesium salt) was obtained. The cell discharge capacity (discharge time at the third cycle) was 156 seconds.

<Example 3>
The electrolytic solution was prepared and the capacitor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 mg of lithium perchlorate (0.0000376M, 0.27 mol% based on the magnesium salt) was used. The cell discharge capacity (discharge time at the third cycle) was 250 seconds.

<Example 4>
The electrolytic solution was prepared and the capacitor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 6 mg of lithium perchlorate (0.0000564M, 0.40 mol% with respect to the magnesium salt) was obtained. The cell discharge capacity (discharge time at the third cycle) was 364 seconds.

<Comparative Example 1>
An electrolyte solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that lithium perchlorate was not used.
Next, the electrolytic solution was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the CV curve shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the oxidative dissolution was small and only an oxidation current of 3 mA / cm ² at maximum was obtained.

Furthermore, when the capacitor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, the result shown in FIG. 11 was obtained, and the discharge time of the cell was 0 second, and no discharge occurred.
Further, when a composition analysis in the depth direction of the magnesium negative electrode was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the XPS depth profile of FIG. 12 was obtained, and an oxide film of about 100 nm or more was formed from the detected Mg and O elements. I guess that.

<Comparative example 2>
The electrolytic solution was prepared and the capacitor was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1 mg of lithium perchlorate (0.0000094M, 0.07 mol% based on magnesium salt) was obtained. As a result, the discharge time of the cell was 0 second, and no discharge occurred.

  As can be seen from the results of Examples and Comparative Examples, by using the electrolytic solution of the present invention for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing magnesium element, formation of a passive film on the negative electrode is suppressed, and a large current value is obtained. A power storage device with a large capacity can be manufactured. In addition, since the amount of expensive lithium salt used is small and there is no need to use an expensive solvent such as an ionic liquid or a dangerous substance component, a safe electricity storage device can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, since the amount of lithium salt to be used is small, an electricity storage device system using magnesium alone can be configured.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Activated carbon 2 Aluminum foil electrical power collector 3 Metal magnesium foil 4 Separator 5 Positive electrode 6 Negative electrode 7 Electrolyte

Claims (6)

  An electrolytic solution for an electricity storage device having a negative electrode containing magnesium element, comprising a magnesium salt, a lithium salt, and a solvent, wherein the amount of the lithium salt relative to the magnesium salt is 0.13 to 1.08 mol%. Electrolyte characterized by the above.   2. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the lithium salt relative to the magnesium salt is 0.13 to 0.54 mol%. The magnesium salt is MgCl ₂ , MgBr ₂ , Mg (ClO ₄ ) ₂ , Mg (BF ₄ ) ₂ , Mg (PF ₆ ) ₂ , Mg (AsF ₆ ) ₂ , Mg (TFSI) ₂ , (Mg (CF _{3). 3. The} at least one selected from the group consisting of SO ₃ ) ₂ , Mg (C ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ ) ₂ and Mg ((CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N) _2. Electrolyte. The lithium salt is LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ , LiPF ₆ , LiAsF ₆ , LiSbF ₆ , LiCF ₃ SO ₃ , LiC ₂ F ₅ BF ₃ , LiB (C ₂ O ₄ ) ₂ , Li (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ N LiC ₄ F ₉ SO ₃ , Li (C ₂ F ₅ SO ₂ ) ₂ N, Li (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₃ C, LiPF ₃ (C ₂ F ₅ ) ₃ and LiB (C ₆ F ₅ ) ₄ The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution is at least one selected from the group.   The solvent is ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1 The electrolytic solution according to claim 1, wherein the electrolytic solution is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,2-diethoxyethane and butyl methyl ether.   The electrical storage device which has a negative electrode containing a magnesium element, and the electrolyte solution as described in any one of Claims 1-5.

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