JP2014147214A - Rotary electric machine and hoist for elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary electric machine and a hoist for an elevator in which increase in cost can be suppressed and leakage magnetic flux of a permanent magnet can be reduced, and which can be easily manufactured.SOLUTION: In a rotary electric machine 1, a rotor core 12 of a rotor 3 includes a plurality of rotor magnetic pole parts 16 which face a stator 2 in a radial direction and are arranged in a circumferential direction. The rotor core 12 is provided with a plurality of magnet grooves 17 which are formed between each of the rotor magnetic pole parts 16, whose stator 2 side is opened, and in which first permanent magnets 13 are housed, and a plurality of magnet holes 18 which are formed in accordance with the position of each of the rotor magnetic pole parts 16 in the circumferential direction, and formed at the positions further from the stator 2 than the rotor magnetic pole parts 16, and in which second permanent magnets 14 are housed. The first and second permanent magnets 13, 14 adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole part 16 are arranged so as to direct the same polarity toward the common rotor magnetic pole part 16.

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine having a rotor provided with a permanent magnet, and an elevator hoisting machine having the rotating electrical machine.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a surface magnet type rotating electrical machine is known in which a rotor configured by attaching a permanent magnet to the surface of a yoke portion that is a cast material is rotatably arranged inside an annular stator (see, for example, Patent Document 1). .

  Conventionally, a first magnet hole is provided in a portion close to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, and a second magnet hole is provided in a portion away from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core inward in the radial direction. An embedded magnet type rotating electric machine in which a plurality of permanent magnets are embedded in a rotor core by inserting two different types of permanent magnets into first and second magnet holes is also known. In this conventional embedded magnet type rotating electric machine, torque is improved by forming cavities at both ends of the permanent magnet in the first and second magnet holes (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

  Furthermore, conventionally, the permanent magnet embedded in the rotor core has an arcuate cross-sectional shape, and a wide space is formed between the arcuate ends of the permanent magnet and the stator. There is also known an embedded type rotating electrical machine in which leakage magnetic flux is reduced to improve torque (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

  Conventionally, a rotating electrical machine in which a rotor core is divided into a plurality of core pieces and permanent magnets are arranged between the plurality of core pieces is also known (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

Japanese Patent No. 4781706 JP 2006-280195 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-136011 JP 2012-165576 A

  However, in the conventional surface magnet type rotating electric machine shown in Patent Document 1, the permanent magnet's magnetic pole faces the stator via an air layer having a high magnetic resistance. Will be easily demagnetized. In addition, since the distance between the stator and the permanent magnet is short, the permanent magnet is likely to be demagnetized by heat from the stator. Furthermore, in order to prevent the demagnetization of the permanent magnet, it is necessary to use an expensive permanent magnet with improved coercive force (for example, a neodymium magnet to which dysprosium is added) as a rotor. Cost increases.

  Further, in the conventional embedded magnet type rotating electrical machines shown in Patent Documents 2 and 3, the demagnetization of the permanent magnet due to the demagnetizing field of the stator is alleviated, but a hole for inserting the permanent magnet is provided in the rotor core. Therefore, it takes time to manufacture the rotating electrical machine. In particular, in the embedded magnet type rotating electrical machine shown in Patent Document 2, since a hole is formed in a portion close to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core, it is difficult to form a hole in the rotor core. Even in the embedded magnet type rotating electric machine shown in Patent Document 3, since the cross-sectional shape of the permanent magnet is arcuate, it becomes difficult to form the permanent magnet and process the hole in the rotor core. Further, in the conventional embedded magnet type rotating electrical machines shown in Patent Documents 2 and 3, when the rotor core is a casting, the labor of processing the hole for the rotor core becomes extremely large. Furthermore, in the conventional rotating electrical machine shown in Patent Document 4, the number of parts increases, and the labor for manufacturing the rotating electrical machine is further increased.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can provide a rotating electrical machine capable of suppressing an increase in cost and reducing a leakage magnetic flux of a permanent magnet, and facilitating manufacture. And an elevator hoisting machine.

  A rotating electrical machine according to the present invention includes a stator having a plurality of stator windings arranged in the circumferential direction, a rotor core, a plurality of first permanent magnets and a plurality of second cores respectively provided on the rotor core. A plurality of rotor magnetic poles which are arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction and opposed to the stator in the radial direction. The rotor iron core is formed between the rotor magnetic pole portions, the stator side is opened, and a plurality of magnet grooves each containing the first permanent magnet, and each circumferential direction A plurality of magnet holes, each of which is formed in accordance with the position of the rotor magnetic pole part, is formed at a position farther from the stator than the rotor magnetic pole part and accommodates the second permanent magnets, are provided. Adjacent to the common rotor pole 1 of the permanent magnet and the second permanent magnets are arranged toward the same polarity on a common rotor magnetic pole portion.

  According to the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention, the magnet groove in which the first permanent magnet is accommodated is formed between the rotor magnetic pole portions, and the magnet hole in which the second permanent magnet is accommodated is from the rotor magnetic pole portion. Since it is formed at a position away from the stator, it is possible to eliminate the machining work of forming holes in the portion close to the surface of the rotor core where deformation or breakage of the rotor core is likely to occur. Can be easily. In addition, since the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole part are disposed with the same polarity directed to the common rotor magnetic pole part, the coercive force is improved. Without using a permanent magnet, demagnetization of each of the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet can be suppressed, and an increase in cost can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the stator side of the magnet groove is open, the magnetic resistance between the rotor magnetic pole portions on the stator side of the rotor can be increased, and the leakage flux of the first permanent magnet can be reduced. be able to.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the rotary electric machine by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing along the II-II line of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the rotor of FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the rotor of the rotary electric machine by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the rotor of the rotary electric machine by Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the winding machine for elevators by Embodiment 4 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a rotary electric machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the rotor of FIG. In the figure, a rotating electrical machine 1 used as a motor or a generator is provided with an annular stator 2, a rotor 3 disposed inside the stator 2, and rotatable with respect to the stator 2, a stator 2, and And a housing 4 that supports the rotor 3.

  The housing 4 has a cylindrical portion 4 a that surrounds the stator 2. As shown in FIG. 1, a support shaft 5 disposed on the central axis of the housing 4 is fixed to the housing 4. The rotor 3 is rotatably attached to the support shaft 5 via a bearing 6. Thereby, the rotor 3 is rotatably supported by the housing 4.

  The stator 2 is arranged coaxially with the rotor 3. The stator 2 includes an annular stator core 7 that surrounds the outer periphery of the rotor 3, and a plurality of stator windings 8 that are provided on the stator core 7 and arranged in the circumferential direction of the stator core 7, An insulator 9 is provided on the stator core 7 and interposed between the stator core 7 and each stator winding 8. The stator 2 is supported by the housing 4 in a state in which the stator core 7 is fitted in the cylindrical portion 4a. Insulation between the stator windings 8 and the stator core 7 is ensured by the insulator 9.

  The stator core 7 is composed of a plurality of steel plates (magnetic bodies) stacked along the axial direction of the support shaft 5. The stator core 7 protrudes radially inward from the back yoke portion 10 and the annular back yoke portion 10 along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 4a, and is spaced from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator core 7. And a plurality of magnetic pole teeth portions 11 that are arranged. The magnetic pole teeth 11 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the stator core 7.

  The stator winding 8 is individually provided on the magnetic pole tooth portion 11. Thus, the stator windings 8 are provided at intervals from each other in the circumferential direction of the stator core 7. A rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 2 by energizing each stator winding 8. The rotor 3 is rotated about the axis of the support shaft 5 by the generation of the rotating magnetic field of the stator 2.

  The rotor 3 includes a rotor core 12, and a plurality of first permanent magnets 13 and a plurality of second permanent magnets 14 provided on the rotor core 12, respectively.

  The rotor core 12 includes a cylindrical rotor main body 15 disposed coaxially with the support shaft 5 and a plurality of rotor cores 15 provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor main body 15 at intervals from each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3. And a rotor magnetic pole portion 16. The rotor core 12 is arranged inside the stator 2 with each rotor magnetic pole portion 16 facing the stator 2 in the radial direction of the rotor 3. In this example, the rotor magnetic pole portions 16 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3. In this example, the rotor core 12 is a casting made of cast iron.

  In the rotor core 12, a plurality of magnet grooves 17 formed between the rotor magnetic pole portions 16 and open on the stator 2 side, and the rotor magnetic pole portions 16 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3. A plurality of magnet holes 18 are provided which are formed in accordance with the positions and are formed at positions farther from the stator 2 than the rotor magnetic pole portion 16. In this example, each magnet groove 17 and each magnet hole 18 are provided in the rotor core 12 along the axial direction of the rotor 3. In this example, the magnet grooves 17 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3, and the magnet holes 18 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3.

  The first permanent magnet 13 is accommodated in each magnet groove 17, and the second permanent magnet 14 is accommodated in each magnet hole 18. In this example, the shape of the first permanent magnet 13 is a rectangular parallelepiped (flat plate) along the axis of the rotor 3, and the shape of the second permanent magnet 14 is a columnar shape along the axis of the rotor 3. ing. That is, in this example, the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13 (the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor 3) is rectangular, and the cross-section of the second permanent magnet 14 The shape (the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor 3) is circular. Further, in this example, the first and second permanent magnets 13 and 14 are made of the same material.

  The cross-sectional shape of each magnet groove 17 is a shape that matches the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13, and the cross-sectional shape of each magnet hole 18 is a shape that matches the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14. Yes. Therefore, in this example, the sectional shape of each magnet groove 17 is rectangular, and the sectional shape of each magnet hole 18 is circular. In this example, since the width dimension of each magnet groove 17 (the dimension of the magnet groove 17 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3) is the same in the radial direction of the rotor 3, the rotor magnetic pole portion The width dimension of 16 (the dimension of the rotor magnetic pole portion 16 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3) continuously increases toward the radially outer side of the rotor 3.

  The thickness dimension of each first permanent magnet 13 (the dimension of the first permanent magnet 13 in the radial direction of the rotor 3) is the depth dimension of each magnet groove 17 (the magnet in the radial direction of the rotor 3). It is smaller than the dimension of the groove 17 for use. Thereby, the 1st permanent magnet 13 is arrange | positioned only in a part in the groove | channel 17 for magnets, leaving the open part of the groove | channel 17 for magnets. That is, the entire first permanent magnet 13 accommodated in the magnet groove 17 has a diameter of the rotor 3 larger than the surface of the rotor magnetic pole portion 16 facing the stator 2 (that is, the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 12). It arrange | positions in the position away from the stator 2 about the direction.

  Each of the first permanent magnets 13 is arranged with the S pole facing one side and the N pole facing the other of the two rotor magnetic pole portions 16 adjacent to both sides in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3. Further, the polar directions of the first permanent magnets 13 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3 (directions of the S pole and the N pole) are different from each other. Thus, the two first permanent magnets 13 adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole part 16 in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3 are arranged with the same polarity facing the common rotor magnetic pole part 16. Further, the second permanent magnet 14 adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole portion 16 has the same polarity as the polarity of the first permanent magnet 13 directed to the common rotor magnetic pole portion 16. 16 is arranged. That is, the first permanent magnet 13 and the second permanent magnet 14 adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole part 16 are arranged with the same polarity facing the common rotor magnetic pole part 16. Thereby, the polarities of the rotor magnetic pole portions 16 are alternately different in the circumferential direction of the rotor 3.

  In such a rotating electrical machine 1, a magnet groove 17 in which the first permanent magnet 13 is accommodated is formed between the rotor magnetic pole portions 16, and the magnet hole 18 in which the second permanent magnet 14 is accommodated rotates. Since it is formed at a position farther from the stator 2 than the magnetic pole part 16, the machining work for forming a hole in the portion near the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 12 where the rotor core 12 is likely to be deformed or damaged is eliminated. be able to. Thereby, the groove | channel 17 for magnets and the hole 18 for magnets can be formed easily and stably in the rotor core 12, and manufacture of the rotary electric machine 1 can be made easy. In addition, since the two first permanent magnets 13 and one second permanent magnet 14 adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole part 16 are arranged with the same polarity toward the common rotor magnetic pole part 16, The demagnetization due to the demagnetizing field of the stator 2 can be suppressed for each of the first permanent magnet 13 and the second permanent magnet 14. As a result, it is not necessary to use an expensive permanent magnet with improved coercive force for the rotor 3, and an increase in cost can be suppressed. Further, since the stator groove 2 side of the magnet groove 17 is opened, the magnetic resistance between the rotor magnetic pole portions 16 on the stator 2 side of the rotor 3 can be increased, and the first permanent magnet 13 Reduction of leakage magnetic flux can be aimed at. Thereby, when the rotary electric machine 1 is used as a motor, torque can be improved.

  Further, since the entire first permanent magnet 13 is disposed at a position farther from the stator 2 than the surface of the rotor magnetic pole portion 16 facing the stator 2, the stator 2 and the first permanent magnet 13 are disposed. The first permanent magnet 13 can not only suppress demagnetization due to the demagnetizing field of the stator 2 but also suppress demagnetization due to heat from the stator 2. it can.

  In addition, since the machining of the magnet groove 17 and the magnet hole 18 with respect to the rotor core 12 is facilitated, the rotor 3 can be manufactured even when the rotor core 12 is made of cast iron which is difficult to process. It can be done easily. That is, even when the rotor core 12 is made of cast iron that is difficult to process, the magnet groove 17 is easily formed in the rotor core 12 by, for example, milling from the outside in the radial direction with respect to the rotor core 12. The magnet hole 18 can be easily formed in the rotor core 12 by, for example, drilling (drilling) along the axial direction with respect to the rotor core 12.

  In addition, since the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13 is rectangular and the cross-sectional shape of the magnet groove 17 is rectangular according to the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13, The shape can be simplified, and the finish polishing of the first permanent magnet 13 can be facilitated. Thereby, manufacture of the rotor 3 can be made still easier and manufacture of the rotary electric machine 1 can be made still easier.

  In addition, since the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14 is circular and the cross-sectional shape of the magnet hole 18 is circular according to the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14, The shape can be simplified, and the finish polishing of the second permanent magnet 14 can be facilitated. Thereby, manufacture of the rotor 3 can be made still easier and manufacture of the rotary electric machine 1 can be made still easier.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
4 is a sectional view showing a rotor 3 of a rotating electrical machine according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In Embodiment 1, the sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14 is circular, but the sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14 may be rectangular.

  That is, in this example, the shape of each second permanent magnet 14 is a rectangular parallelepiped (flat plate) along the axis of the rotor 3, and the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14 is rectangular. The cross-sectional shape of each magnet hole 18 is rectangular according to the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Thus, even if the cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet 14 is rectangular, the shape of the second permanent magnet 14 can be simplified, and the manufacture of the rotor 3 can be facilitated.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a rotor 3 of a rotating electrical machine according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the first embodiment, the cross section of the first permanent magnet 13 is rectangular, but the cross section of the first permanent magnet 13 may be circular.

  That is, in this example, the shape of each first permanent magnet 13 is a cylindrical shape along the axis of the rotor 3, and the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13 is circular. The cross-sectional shape of each magnet groove 17 is a circle with the stator 2 side opened in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Thus, even if the cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet 13 is circular, the shape of the first permanent magnet 13 can be simplified, and the manufacture of the rotor 3 can be facilitated. The first permanent magnet 13 and the second permanent magnet 14 can have the same cross-sectional shape, and the same permanent magnet can be used as the first and second permanent magnets 13 and 14. The manufacturing cost of the rotating electrical machine 1 can be reduced.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
You may apply the rotary electric machine 1 by the said Embodiment 1-3 to the winding machine for elevators.

  6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an elevator hoist according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In the figure, the elevator hoisting machine has a motor (rotary electric machine) 21 similar to that of the first embodiment and a sheave 22 rotated by the driving force of the motor.

  The sheave 22 is rotatably supported by the support shaft 5 via the bearing 6. In this example, the sheave 22 is a casting integrally formed with the rotor core 12, and the material constituting the sheave 22 and the rotor core 12 is cast iron. The sheave 22 is provided at a position outside the range of the stator 2 in the axial direction of the support shaft 5. The rotor 3 and the sheave 22 are integrally rotated about the axis of the support shaft 5 by energizing the stator winding 8.

  Inside the cylindrical rotor main body 15, a brake device 23 that provides a braking force to the rotor 3 and the sheave 22 is provided. The brake device 23 has a brake shoe (not shown) that can be displaced in the radial direction of the rotor 3 with respect to the rotor body 15. The brake device 23 applies braking force to the rotor 3 and the sheave 22 by bringing the brake shoe into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the rotor main body 15, and separates the brake shoe from the inner peripheral surface of the rotor main body 15. Thus, the braking force on the rotor 3 and the sheave 22 is released.

  In such an elevator hoist, the rotating electrical machine 1 according to the first embodiment is used, and therefore the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In each of the above embodiments, the rotor core 12 is made of cast iron. However, a laminated body formed by laminating a plurality of steel plates (magnetic bodies) may be used as the rotor core 12.

  Moreover, in each said embodiment, although the cross-sectional shape of the 1st permanent magnet 13 is made into a rectangle or a circle, and the cross-sectional shape of the 2nd permanent magnet 14 is made into a rectangle or a circle, the 1st and 2nd The sectional shape of each of the permanent magnets 13 and 14 is not limited to this.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotating electric machine, 2 Stator, 3 Rotor, 8 Stator winding, 13 1st permanent magnet, 14 2nd permanent magnet, 17 Magnet groove, 18 Magnet hole, 22 Sheave

Claims (6)

A stator having a plurality of stator windings arranged in the circumferential direction; a rotor core; and a plurality of first permanent magnets and a plurality of second permanent magnets respectively provided on the rotor core. And a rotor that is rotatable relative to the stator,
The rotor iron core has a plurality of rotor magnetic pole portions that are opposed to the stator in the radial direction and are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.
The rotor core has a plurality of magnet grooves formed between the rotor magnetic pole portions, the stator side being opened, and the first permanent magnets being accommodated therein, and the circumferential direction. A plurality of magnet holes, each of which is formed in accordance with the position of the rotor magnetic pole portion, is formed at a position farther from the stator than the rotor magnetic pole portion, and each of which accommodates the second permanent magnets. Provided,
The rotating electrical machine in which the first permanent magnet and the second permanent magnet adjacent to the common rotor magnetic pole part are arranged with the same polarity toward the common rotor magnetic pole part.   2. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the entirety of the first permanent magnet is disposed at a position farther from the stator than a surface of the rotor magnetic pole portion facing the stator. The cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet is either a rectangle or a circle,
3. The rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the magnet groove is a shape that matches a cross-sectional shape of the first permanent magnet. The cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet is either a rectangle or a circle,
The rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the magnet hole is a shape that matches a cross-sectional shape of the second permanent magnet.   The rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rotor core is made of cast iron. An elevator hoisting machine comprising: the rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5; and a sheave that rotates integrally with the rotor of the rotating electrical machine.

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