JP2014145050A - Infrared ray shielding material and infrared ray shielding laminate containing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an infrared ray shielding material having high visible light transmittance and capable of expressing desired infrared ray shielding rate with a small amount, and to provide an infrared ray shielding laminate having the an infrared ray shielding material layer on a base material.SOLUTION: There is provided an infrared ray shielding material consisting of a metal dope indium oxide fine particle satisfying at least properties showing in the following (a) to (c). (a) It is a spherical fine particle having an average particle diameter of 1 to 60 nm and an average aspect ratio of 1 to 1.2. (b) A metal is one or more metal selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony and zirconium during doping indium oxide and a ratio (molar ratio) of metal/indium measured by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectral device (ICP) is in a range of 1/99 to 40/60. (c) It is made by coordinating an organic ligand with a carbon chain length of C10 to C24 having one or more element selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.

Description

  The present invention relates to an infrared shielding material used for vehicles, buildings, and the like and an infrared shielding material comprising the same, particularly an infrared shielding material having a high visible light transmittance and capable of expressing a desired infrared shielding rate in a small amount, And an infrared shielding laminate having the infrared shielding material layer on the substrate.

  In recent years, for the purpose of controlling the temperature rise in the vehicle and the building by shielding the infrared rays flowing into the vehicle and the building through the glass for the vehicle and the glass for the building, and for the purpose of reducing the load of the air conditioning. Infrared shielding material is used. These materials are used by being sandwiched between glass or film, or directly applied to glass or film. For vehicles and buildings, high visible light transmittance is required for the purpose of ensuring safety and visibility.

  Conventionally, these infrared shielding materials include organic dye types such as phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, cyanine and azo, organometallic complex salts such as dithiol and mercaptonaphthol, tin-doped indium oxide and antimony-doped indium oxide. There are various inorganic materials, and it is common to apply a paint in which these are dispersed in a binder to a transparent glass or film. However, in the case of organic dyes and organometallic complex salts, the transmittance in the visible light region is low, the color is dark brown to dark blue, and the absorption material is limited to the near infrared region of about 700 to 1000 nm. For this reason, when this is used for a window glass, there is a problem that the indoor / outdoor visibility is low and a sufficient infrared shielding effect cannot be obtained. Moreover, the infrared shielding material using an organic material also has the subject that the durability of an infrared shielding effect is low.

  In contrast, metal oxide-based materials such as tin-doped indium oxide and antimony-doped tin oxide are the most promising materials that exhibit excellent visible light transmittance and have high infrared shielding durability. is there. As a method for forming these metal oxide materials, film formation by a vacuum process such as vacuum deposition or sputtering is widely known, but an expensive apparatus is required and the process is complicated. Had problems. In addition, there is a concern that the substrate damage is great when a plastic substrate is used.

  Therefore, development of a metal oxide film-forming method by a coating method is expected as a cheaper and simpler film-forming method instead of the vacuum method. The metal oxide is made into fine particles having a sufficiently small average particle diameter. It has been proposed to form a film by coating a dispersed dispersion.

  Several methods have been proposed for producing metal oxide fine particles as an infrared shielding material. For example, by reacting an aqueous solution containing indium and a small amount of tin salt with alkali to co-precipitate indium and tin hydroxides, removing unnecessary salts, and then heating and firing in the atmosphere to form oxides. A manufacturing method and a method using a mixture of these instead of coprecipitation (see, for example, Patent Document 1) have also been proposed.

  In order to develop a high visible light transmittance and infrared shielding rate, it is important that the infrared shielding particles are uniformly dispersed in the infrared shielding film. In general, in order to disperse these inorganic fine particles, for example, a method using a dispersant and a method of adding a binder and a pH adjuster (see, for example, Patent Document 2) have been proposed. However, increasing the amount of the additive may cause a decrease in visible light transmittance and a decrease in infrared shielding efficiency.

  Accordingly, a method for producing metal oxide fine particles in which the surface of the metal oxide fine particles is protected with a small amount of an organic layer in order to impart high dispersibility without requiring a dispersant or a special dispersion treatment (for example, Patent Document 3). , See Non-Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 07-070481 (for example, refer to the claims) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 09-156025 (for example, refer to the claims) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2011-12233 (see, for example, the claims)

J. et al. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 17736-17737

  Once the metal oxide fine particles having an infrared shielding effect are aggregated, it is difficult to redisperse, and both the visible light transmittance and the infrared shielding rate are lowered. In the infrared shielding material comprising metal oxide fine particles produced by the above-described coprecipitation method, the fine particles are dispersed in the dispersion medium using a dispersion medium such as a paint shaker together with a dispersion medium, a dispersant, or a binder such as fine silica or polymer. Needed to be dispersed.

  In contrast, the methods described in Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 manufacture monodispersed fine particles by protecting the surface of the particles with a small amount of organic matter. In particular, in the method proposed in Patent Document 3, it is expected that the infrared shielding effect is improved by using monodispersed metal oxide fine particles, and the use amount of the infrared shielding fine particles can be suppressed. As for the carrier amount of the particles, there is only a description that the organic layer suppresses carrier reduction due to oxidation, and the carrier amount is not controlled from the composition, and it still remains to obtain a high shielding effect. Therefore, it was necessary to use many metal oxide fine particles.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by using an infrared shielding material composed of metal-doped indium oxide fine particles satisfying specific characteristics, the amount of carriers in the metal oxide fine particles depending on the amount of doping. It is an object of the present invention to provide an infrared shielding material that controls an infrared ray and exhibits an arbitrary infrared shielding effect while maintaining a high visible light transmittance.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that an infrared shielding material using metal-doped indium oxide fine particles satisfying specific characteristics as an infrared shielding material has high visible light transmittance and infrared shielding properties. The present invention was completed.

That is, the present invention has an infrared shielding material characterized by comprising at least metal-doped indium oxide fine particles satisfying the following characteristics (a) to (c), and the infrared shielding material layer on the substrate. The present invention relates to an infrared shielding laminate.
(A): spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 60 nm and an average aspect ratio of 1 to 1.2.
(B); the metal at the time of doping indium oxide is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony and zirconium, and the metal / indium measured by a fusion coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) The ratio is in the range of 1/99 to 40/60 (molar ratio).
(C): Coordinated with an organic ligand having carbon chain length of C6 to C24 having one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

  The infrared shielding material of the present invention is at least (a): spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 60 nm and an average aspect ratio of 1 to 1.2, (b); when doping indium oxide The metal is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony and zirconium, and the metal / indium ratio measured by a fusion coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) is 1/99 to 40/60 (moles). (C); an organic ligand having carbon chain length of C6 to C24 having one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus And metal-doped indium oxide fine particles satisfying the respective characteristics. In the present invention, an infrared shielding material dispersion satisfying these characteristics can be added to the dispersion medium to obtain an infrared shielding material dispersion, and by applying the infrared shielding dispersion, a high light beam can be obtained. An infrared shielding laminate having transmittance and an infrared shielding effect can be provided.

  The infrared shielding material of the present invention is composed of fine particles of metal-doped indium oxide, and the metal at that time is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony and zirconium, and more specifically Examples include tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped indium oxide, and zirconium-doped indium oxide. By using at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony and zirconium as the dopant metal, it is possible to easily dope in indium oxide when preparing metal-doped indium oxide fine particles. . This is because tin, antimony, and zirconium have an atomic radius that is relatively close to that of indium, so that indium in the lattice can be easily replaced. In addition, indium oxide doped with these metals, that is, tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped indium oxide, and zirconium-doped indium oxide have a sufficiently large band gap, so that these are transparent materials, that is, sufficient in visible light transmittance. In addition, it has a characteristic that the transmittance in the near-infrared to infrared region is low, which is important for the expression of infrared shielding properties. That is, tin, antimony, and zirconium all contribute to carrier generation in indium oxide, so that the transmittance in the near infrared to infrared region can be controlled. That is, the plasma reflection by the carrier is controlled by the doping amount of these metals, and an arbitrary infrared shielding effect can be obtained.

  The metal-doped indium oxide fine particles constituting the infrared shielding material of the present invention are, as (a), spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 60 nm and an average aspect ratio of 1 to 1.2. In this case, the average particle diameter and the average aspect ratio can be measured by, for example, a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter sometimes referred to as TEM). Here, in the case of metal-doped indium oxide fine particles having an average particle size of less than 1 nm, the specific surface area of the fine particles increases because the particle size of the fine particles is too small, and the content of organic ligands coordinated to the fine particles increases. Therefore, the infrared shielding effect is hardly exhibited. On the other hand, when the average particle diameter exceeds 60 nm, the particle diameter is too large, so when the infrared shielding material dispersion or the infrared shielding material is used, the particles or secondary particles produced by aggregation of the particles scatter light. As a result, the visible light region transmittance is lowered and the appearance is further deteriorated. In addition, the infrared shielding material is preferably a spherical fine particle because it can form an infrared shielding material dispersion and an infrared shielding material layer that are more excellent in transparency. In particular, the fine particle observed by TEM The average value of aspect ratios expressed as the ratio of major axis / minor axis is in the range of 1 to 1.2. Here, when the average aspect ratio exceeds 1.2, the transparency is inferior.

  And, as a specific method for measuring the average particle diameter and average aspect ratio of the fine particles by TEM observation, for example, a low concentration fine particle dispersion having a concentration of 0.01% or less in which the fine particles are dispersed in an organic solvent is prepared, This can be measured by a method in which this is dropped onto a carbon-coated copper mesh stretched with a collodion film to volatilize the solvent and observed with a transmission microscope. For measurement of the average particle diameter and average aspect ratio of the fine particles, a photograph of an image observed at a magnification of 200,000 times is taken, and 300 or more particle diameters, major diameters and minor diameters are measured and averaged. Thereby, an average particle diameter and an average aspect-ratio can be calculated | required.

  In the metal-doped indium oxide fine particles constituting the infrared shielding material of the present invention, as shown in (b), the metal doped with indium oxide is one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony, and zirconium. The ratio of metal / indium measured by a coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) is in the range of 1/99 to 40/60 (molar ratio). And since it becomes an infrared shielding material which expresses the more excellent infrared shielding effect, it is preferable that the ratio of metal / indium is 2 / 98-30 / 70 (molar ratio), and especially 3 / 97-20 / 80. (Molar ratio) is preferable. Here, when metal / indium = 1/99 (molar ratio) is less than 1/99 (molar ratio), the carrier amount supplied by the metal becomes insufficient, so that a sufficient band gap cannot be formed, and sufficient shielding as an infrared shielding material is achieved. The effect will not be manifested. On the other hand, if the metal / indium ratio exceeds 40/60 (molar ratio), an excess metal forms an oxide that does not contribute to carrier generation, and this becomes a neutral scattering center. The shielding effect is not exhibited. The metal doping amount in the fine particles can be arbitrarily selected, for example, by adjusting the charge ratio of metal and indium when preparing the fine particles described later. As a measurement by ICP, for example, the fine particle dispersion can be filtered through a 0.5 μm filter and then dried in a reduced pressure at a temperature at which the dispersion medium can be removed to obtain fine particle powder. The obtained fine particle powder was decomposed by heating and acid treatment, and a fixed volume diluted solution was obtained by ICP (for example, inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopic analyzer (Vista-PRO axial specification) manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.). It is possible to measure using an analyzer such as. The main component of the fine particles is indium oxide doped with a metal, and the metal is selected from tin, antimony, and zirconium.

  The metal-doped indium oxide fine particles constituting the infrared shielding material of the present invention are, as (c), organic having carbon chain length of C6 to C24 having one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus. A ligand is coordinated. Since the organic ligand is solvated with the dispersion medium by coordinating the organic ligand having a carbon chain length of C6 to C24 with the fine particles, a special dispersant or a special operation is required. Therefore, it is possible to form an infrared shielding material dispersion having excellent dispersion stability simply by adding the fine particles to the dispersion medium. And this infrared shielding material dispersion liquid can also be applied as an infrared shielding paint. Furthermore, by using a dispersion having excellent dispersion stability, an infrared shielding material layer having high visible light permeability can be easily produced.

  As the organic ligand, carbon chain length C6 having one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus capable of stable coordination to indium in the metal-doped indium oxide fine particles As long as it is a C24 organic ligand, either a monodentate ligand or a polydentate ligand can be used. Examples of the functional group containing a coordination atom (coordination group) include a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group. Group, aldehyde group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group, acyl group, acetyl group, ether group, epoxy group, phosphino group, thiol group, sulfide group, disulfide group, amino group, pyridyl group, bipyridyl group, amide group, cyano group, Halogen groups and the like are mentioned. Among them, since it becomes particularly excellent in dispersion stability of the fine particles when used as a dispersion liquid, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, Thiol group, an alkoxy group, it is preferred to have any one or more of the amino group. For example, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, hexanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, hexadecanol, oleyl alcohol, tetracosanol, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, Specific examples include dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, stearylamine, nonadecylamine, oleylamine, hexamethylenediamine, and the like. In particular, since it is possible to improve the dispersion stability of the fine particles and develop a high infrared shielding effect, a chain-structure organic ligand having a carbon chain length of C6 to C24 is suitable, Especially, the range of C10-C22 is preferable and it is more preferable that it is the range of C16-C22. Here, when the carbon chain length is less than C6, the fine particles have a reduced dispersion stability in the dispersion medium, and the resulting dispersion is inferior in the dispersion stability, and the fine particles are aggregated during storage. It will be easy. On the other hand, in the case of a ligand having a carbon chain length exceeding C24, the proportion of organic matter in the fine particles increases, so that the appearance deteriorates when the infrared shielding material layer and the infrared shielding material are used, and the infrared shielding efficiency decreases. May occur.

  The metal-doped indium oxide fine particles constituting the infrared shielding material of the present invention become an infrared shielding material that is particularly excellent in dispersion stability of the dispersion, and the appearance and visible light transmittance when an infrared shielding material layer and an infrared shielding material are used. Therefore, it is preferable that the metal-doped indium oxide fine particles have a coordination amount of the organic ligand of 1 to 10% by weight. The coordination amount of the organic ligand at this time is determined by, for example, performing CHN elemental analysis of the fine particle powder prepared by filtering the fine particle dispersion with a 0.5 μm filter and then drying the dispersion. To calculate the content of organic ligands from the content of water: Using a differential thermothermal gravimetric simultaneous measurement device (TG / DTA), the fine particles are heated to 500 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the weight change is organically coordinated. It can be measured by a method of calculating the coordination amount of the child.

  Below, the measuring method of the coordination amount of an organic ligand by a differential thermothermal gravimetric simultaneous measuring apparatus (TG / DTA) is shown as a specific example of the measuring method of the coordination amount of an organic ligand.

  The fine particle dispersion is filtered through a 0.5 μm filter and then dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure to prepare the fine particle powder. A differential thermothermal gravimetric simultaneous measurement device (TG / DTA) (SII Nanotechnology) (Trade name) TG / DTA6200), held at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere, then heated up to 500 ° C. at 10 ° C. per minute, then held at 500 ° C. for 180 minutes, from 100 ° C. to 500 ° C. The weight reduction value in the range of ° C. was measured as the coordination amount of the organic ligand.

  The metal-doped indium oxide fine particles constituting the infrared shielding material of the present invention can be obtained by any method as long as the metal-doped indium oxide fine particles satisfy at least the characteristics shown in the above (a) to (c). For example, a mixture of organic ligands having a carbon chain length of C6 to C24 having one or more elements selected from the group consisting of indium carboxylate, metal carboxylate, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus is 220 ° C. or higher. It is possible to obtain by heating. In addition, it is also possible to use indium acid indium typified by indium sulfate, indium nitrate, etc., instead of indium carboxylate, and any form of metal nitrate, such as tin nitrate, antimony trioxide, zirconium chloride, etc. Can also be used.

  Specific examples of the indium carboxylate include, for example, indium formate, indium acetate, indium propionate, indium butyrate, indium valerate, indium caproate, indium enanthate, indium caprylate, indium pelargonate, indium caprate, Saturated aliphatic indium carboxylates such as indium laurate, indium myristate, indium palmitate, indium margarate, indium stearate, indium oleate and indium 2-ethylhexanoate; unsaturated such as indium oleate and indium linoleate Examples thereof include aliphatic indium carboxylates; aromatic indium carboxylates such as indium tribenzoate and indium phthalate.

  As specific examples of the metal carboxylate, in the case of tin, for example, tin formate, tin acetate, tin propionate, tin butyrate, tin valerate, tin caproate, tin enanthate, tin caprylate, tin pelargonate, caprin Saturated aliphatic tin carboxylates such as tin oxide, tin laurate, tin myristate, tin palmitate, tin margarate, stearate, tin oleate, tin 2-ethylhexanoate; tin oleate, tin linoleate, etc. And unsaturated aliphatic tin carboxylates of tin; aromatic tin tin carboxylates such as tin benzoate and tin phthalate; In the case of antimony, for example, antimony formate, antimony acetate, antimony propionate, antimony butyrate, antimony valerate, antimony caproate, antimony enanthate, antimony caprylate, antimony pelargonate, antimony caprate, antimony laurate, myristic acid Saturated aliphatic antimony carboxylates such as antimony, antimony palmitate, antimony margarate, antimony stearate, antimony oleate and antimony 2-ethylhexanoate; unsaturated aliphatic antimony carboxylates such as antimony oleate and antimony linoleate; And aromatic carboxylic acid antimony such as antimony benzoate and antimony phthalate. Furthermore, in the case of zirconium, for example, zirconium formate, zirconium acetate, zirconium propionate, zirconium butyrate, zirconium valerate, zirconium caproate, zirconium enanthate, zirconium caprylate, zirconium pelargonate, zirconium caprate, zirconium laurate, myristic acid Saturated aliphatic zirconium carboxylates such as zirconium, zirconium palmitate, zirconium margarate, zirconium stearate, zirconium oleate and zirconium 2-ethylhexanoate; unsaturated aliphatic zirconium carboxylates such as zirconium oleate and zirconium linoleate; Zirconium aromatic carboxylates such as zirconium benzoate and zirconium phthalate; Rukoto can.

  As the organic ligand having the carbon chain length of C6 to C24, the same one as described above can be used.

  Then, by heating and reacting indium carboxylate, metal carboxylate, and organic ligand at a temperature of 220 ° C. or higher, metal-doped indium oxide fine particles can be produced, and the heating temperature is 220 ° C. to 280 ° C. It is preferable that it is ° C. In that case, it is also possible to use a solvent, and the solvent preferably has a boiling point of 220 ° C. or higher. For example, 1-octadecene, butyl benzoate, 1-dodecanol, 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, di-n-octyl ether, diphenyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol Examples thereof include butyl methyl ether and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

  The infrared shielding material of the present invention can be handled as an infrared shielding material dispersion by being dispersed in a dispersion medium, and the infrared shielding material dispersion can be used as an infrared shielding coating. The infrared shielding material dispersion is excellent in the dispersion efficiency of the infrared shielding material, and when the film is formed, an infrared shielding material layer excellent in infrared shielding effect and visible light permeability is efficiently formed. It is preferably a dispersion containing at least 0.1 to 80 parts by weight of the infrared shielding material, preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, particularly 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, Furthermore, it is preferable that it is 0.1-10 weight part.

  The dispersion medium constituting the infrared shielding material dispersion may be any dispersion medium that can disperse the infrared shielding material, such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, benzene, dichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, and the like. Aromatic hydrocarbons; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-heptane, n-hexane, n-octane, cyclohexane, decahydronaphthalene; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, acetyl acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone Ketones such as N-methylpyrrolidone; amides such as formamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide; diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methoxyethanol, ethoxyethanol, etc. Ethers; chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform and 1,2-dichloroethane; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol; acetates such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and amyl acetate; Among them, since it is possible to form a dispersion having particularly excellent dispersion stability of the infrared shielding material, n-hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, diethyl ether, toluene, benzene, o-dichlorobenzene, p-di- Chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, and decahydronaphthalene are preferable, and n-hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, toluene, and decane are particularly preferable. In addition, the dispersion medium may be a combination of several of these.

  The infrared shielding material dispersion according to the present invention is in a state in which a thickener is added or a filler, an anti-aging agent, an antioxidant, a pigment (dye), a thixotropic agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, and a surface activity. Even in a state where additives such as an agent, a dehydrating agent and an adhesion-imparting agent are added, it can be applied as an infrared shielding coating. And as a thickener for providing the viscosity etc. matched to the coating / drying process to the infrared shielding paint, it is preferable to be a thickener such as a binder resin. Thermoplastic resins such as resin, nylon resin, acrylic resin, vinyl chloride resin, styrene resin; epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenol resin, acrylic resin, melamine resin, urea resin, silicone resin, urethane resin, diallyl phthalate resin And the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  The infrared shielding material dispersion (or infrared shielding paint) is formed on the substrate, for example, and dried to form an infrared shielding material layer excellent in visible light permeability, infrared shielding properties, and solvent resistance. Thus, an infrared shielding laminate can be obtained. As the coating method at that time, for example, spin coating method, drop coating method, roll coating method, spray method, bar coating method, dipping method, meniscus coating method, doctor blade method, screen printing method, T-die method, lip coater Any known method such as a method or a roll coating method can be used. The drying conditions after coating are arbitrary and may be selected depending on the dispersion medium constituting the infrared shielding material dispersion (or infrared shielding paint). Among them, the infrared shielding material is packed more densely in the infrared shielding material layer. In addition, the stability of the infrared shielding material layer after drying is improved, the variation in sheet resistance due to temperature and humidity is reduced, and the like, and drying in the range of 20 to 250 ° C., particularly 50 to 200 ° C. preferable. The atmosphere during drying is not particularly limited, such as in air, in a nitrogen atmosphere, or under reduced pressure.

  There is no restriction | limiting also about the base material which comprises this infrared rays shielding laminated body, Among them, it is preferable that it is a transparent base material, For example, inorganic base materials, such as glass type; Polymer films, such as a polyethylene terephthalate, a polyimide, a polycarbonate, a polyethylene naphthalate Examples include base materials. In addition, the base material may be a surface treated in order to have excellent adhesion to the infrared shielding material and the infrared shielding material layer. Examples include coupling agents and organic metals. Examples of the silane coupling agent include vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, tris (2-methoxyethoxy) vinylsilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ- (methacryloxypropyl) tri Examples of the organic metal include methoxysilane, γ- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and the like. Examples thereof include organic titanium, organic aluminum, and organic zirconium.

  The thickness of the infrared shielding material layer on the substrate of the infrared shielding laminate is arbitrary as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, and among them, the infrared shielding material particularly excellent in the balance between visible light transmittance and infrared shielding properties. Since it becomes a layer, it is preferable that it is 0.001-50 micrometers, especially 0.01-10 micrometers, and also 0.02-5 micrometers.

  Moreover, as transparency of this infrared shielding laminated body, since it has transparency enough as an infrared shielding laminated body, the haze measured based on JISK7136 is 5% or less, It is especially 3% or less. preferable. Furthermore, since the infrared shielding laminate has both high visible light transmittance and infrared shielding properties, the visible light transmittance Tv is 80% or more, and the value is 1.2 times or more the solar radiation transmittance Te. In particular, it is preferable that the visible light transmittance Tv is 85% or more and the value thereof is 1.3 times or more the solar radiation transmittance Te. The visible light transmittance Tv and the solar transmittance Te are based on JIS R3106. The light transmittance at a wavelength of 380 to 780 nm is defined as the visible light transmittance Tv, and the light transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 2500 nm is defined as the solar transmittance Te. It is possible to measure using a meter.

  The infrared shielding material of the present invention is composed of metal-doped indium oxide fine particles capable of expressing any infrared shielding property by adjusting the amount of metal doping, and has particularly high visible light transmittance, In addition, it is possible to provide an infrared shielding material capable of exhibiting a desired infrared shielding effect in a small amount, and an infrared shielding laminate having the infrared shielding material on a substrate, and its industrial value is extremely high.

  EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

<External observation of infrared shielding material>
The appearance of fine particles as an infrared shielding material was observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). An infrared shielding material dispersion having a concentration of 0.01% by weight or less prepared by dispersing the fine particles in an organic solvent is dropped on a carbon-coated copper mesh on which a collodion film is spread, and the solvent is volatilized. Observed with a microscope. Further, the particle diameter of the fine particles was read from the obtained image.

<Fabrication of infrared shielding material>
The infrared shielding material dispersion was filtered through a 0.5 μm filter and then dried under reduced pressure at a temperature not higher than the boiling point of the dispersion medium to obtain a fine particle powder as an infrared shielding material.

<Quantitative analysis of metals>
Using the fine particle powder of the infrared shielding material, the metal composition in the fine particle was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma. For the measurement, an inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopic analyzer (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc., Vista-PRO axial specification) was used.

<Content of organic ligand>
Measurement was performed by elemental analysis using the fine particle powder of the infrared shielding fine material. A CHN element analyzer (manufactured by Perkin Elmer Japan, (trade name) 2400II) was used for the measurement.

<Measurement of haze>
Using a haze meter (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., (trade name) NDH-5000), haze was measured according to JIS K7136.

<Evaluation of infrared shielding properties>
Using a spectrophotometer (trade name: U-4100, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology Co., Ltd.), the visible light transmittance Tv (%) and the solar radiation transmittance Te (%) are measured according to JIS R3106. It was.

Example 1
A 100 ml flask was charged with 315 mg of indium (III) acetate, 39 μl of tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate, 600 μl of n-octanoic acid, 3.0 g of octadecylamine, and 9 ml of n-dioctyl ether, and heated in vacuum at 70 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the pressure was returned to normal pressure, and the mixture was heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere and then heated to reflux at 270 ° C. for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a coarse dispersion of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles coordinated with octadecylamine.

  The crude dispersion was centrifuged and purified 5 times using methanol as the precipitation solvent and hexane as the dispersion medium, and then 10 ml of hexane was added, and octadecylamine as an infrared shielding material was added to 100 parts by weight of hexane. An infrared shielding material dispersion containing 1.5 parts by weight of the tin-doped indium oxide fine particles was obtained.

  When a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was diluted and observed with a TEM, the average particle diameter of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles as an infrared shielding material was 12.2 nm, and the average aspect ratio was 1.11. Next, a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was dried to obtain a tin-doped indium oxide fine particle powder as an infrared shielding material, and the metal (tin) component in the fine particles was analyzed by ICP analysis. Ratio) was 8/92, and CHN elemental analysis of the fine particle powder confirmed that octadecylamine was coordinated by 4.5% by weight. The evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding material are shown in Table 1.

  The infrared shielding material dispersion is applied to a glass substrate as a base material by a dip coating method, dried in air at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, and an infrared shielding film having a thickness of 0.1 μm on the glass substrate. An infrared shielding laminate having a material layer was obtained. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the glass substrate, and had a good appearance with a haze of 0.2%. Further, the infrared light shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 92.0% and a solar radiation transmittance Te of 64.5%, and Tv / Te = 1.43, which is an infrared shielding effect sufficient as an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 2
The infrared shielding material and the infrared shielding material dispersion obtained by the same method as in Example 1 were coated on a PET film substrate as a base material by a drop coating method, and dried in air at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes. It carried out and obtained the infrared rays shielding laminated body which has an infrared shielding material layer with a film thickness of 0.5 micrometer on a PET film substrate. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the PET film substrate, and the appearance was good with a haze of 0.4%. Further, this infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 89.9% and a solar radiation transmittance Te of 60.5%, and Tv / Te = 1.49, which is an infrared shielding effect sufficient as an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 3
Into a 100 ml flask was charged 280 mg of indium (III) acetate, 77 μl of tin (II) 2-ethylhexanoate, 300 mg of pivalic acid, 3.5 g of octadecylamine, and 10 ml of n-dioctyl ether, and heated at 80 ° C. in vacuum for 1 hour. Thereafter, the pressure was returned to normal pressure and the mixture was heated to reflux at 250 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a coarse dispersion of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles coordinated with octadecylamine.

  The crude dispersion was centrifuged and purified four times using ethanol as the precipitation solvent and hexane as the dispersion medium, and then 10 ml of hexane was added, and octadecylamine as an infrared shielding material was added to 100 parts by weight of hexane. An infrared shielding material dispersion containing 1.4 parts by weight of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles was obtained.

  When a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was diluted and observed by TEM, the average particle diameter of the tin-doped indium oxide fine particles was 8.0 nm and the average aspect ratio was 1.08. Next, a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was dried to obtain a tin-doped indium oxide fine particle powder as an infrared shielding material, and the metal (tin) component in the fine particles was analyzed by ICP analysis. Ratio) was 15/95, and it was confirmed by CHN elemental analysis of the fine particle powder that octadecylamine was coordinated by 6.5% by weight. The evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding material are shown in Table 1.

  The infrared shielding material dispersion is applied onto a glass substrate as a base material by a spin coating method, dried in air at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and an infrared shielding film having a thickness of 0.2 μm is formed on the glass substrate. An infrared shielding laminate having a material layer was obtained. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the glass substrate, and had a good appearance with a haze of 2.1%. This infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 89.0% and a solar radiation transmittance Te of 51.2%, and Tv / Te = 1.74, which is an infrared shielding effect sufficient for an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 4
The infrared shielding material and the infrared shielding material dispersion obtained by the same method as in Example 3 were applied to a glass substrate as a base material by a spin coating method and dried in air at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes. And the infrared shielding laminated body which has an infrared shielding material layer with a film thickness of 1.0 micrometer on the glass substrate was obtained. This infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion to the glass substrate of the infrared shielding material layer, and the appearance was good with a haze of 2.6%. The infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 89.0% and a solar radiation transmittance Te of 49.9%, and Tv / Te = 1.78, which is a sufficient infrared shielding effect as an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 5
Into a 100 ml flask was charged 292 mg of indium (III) acetate, 40 μl of zirconium acetate (IV), 600 μl of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2.7 g of oleylamine, and 15 ml of 1-octadecene, heated in vacuum at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then at normal pressure Then, the mixture was heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere and then heated to reflux at 270 ° C. for 8 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a coarse dispersion of fine particles of zirconium-doped indium oxide coordinated with oleylamine.

  The crude dispersion was centrifuged and purified 5 times using isopropanol as a precipitation solvent and chloroform as a dispersion medium, and then 5 ml of chloroform was added, and oleylamine was coordinated as an infrared shielding material to 100 parts by weight of chloroform. An infrared shielding material dispersion containing 3.0 parts by weight of the zirconium-doped indium oxide fine particles was obtained.

  When a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was diluted and observed by TEM, the average particle diameter of zirconium-doped indium oxide fine particles as an infrared shielding material was 13.5 nm, and the average aspect ratio was 1.03. Next, a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was dried to obtain a zirconium-doped indium oxide fine particle powder as an infrared shielding material, and the metal (zirconium) component in the fine particles was analyzed by ICP analysis. The molar ratio was 10/90, and CHN elemental analysis of the fine particle powder confirmed that oleylamine was 3.1% by weight coordinated. The evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding material are shown in Table 1.

  The infrared shielding material dispersion is applied onto a highly transparent PEN film base material for flexible use, which is a base material, by spin coating, and dried in air at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a PEN film substrate. An infrared shielding laminated body having an infrared shielding material layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm was obtained. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the PEN film substrate, and the appearance was good with a haze of 2.0%. The infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 85.3% and a solar radiation transmittance Te of 47.0%, and Tv / Te = 1.81, which is an infrared shielding effect sufficient for an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 6
The infrared shielding material and the infrared shielding material dispersion liquid obtained by the same method as in Example 5 were applied by a drop coating method on a flexible use PEN film for flexible use as a base material, and 150 ° C., 10 ° C. in air. The infrared shielding laminated body which has an infrared shielding material layer with a film thickness of 2.0 micrometers on the PEN film substrate was obtained. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the PEN film substrate, and had a good haze of 2.7. Further, this infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 81.2%, a solar transmittance Te of 43.1%, and Tv / Te = 1.88, which is a sufficient infrared shielding effect as an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 7
Into a 100 ml flask was charged 457 mg of indium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate, 30 mg of antimony (III) acetate, 300 μl of octanoic acid, 3.0 g of oleyl alcohol, and 10 ml of 1-octadecene, and heated in vacuum at 70 ° C. for 30 minutes. The mixture was returned to normal pressure and heated to reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere at 250 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a crude dispersion of antimony-doped indium oxide fine particles coordinated with oleyl alcohol.

  The crude dispersion was centrifuged and purified 5 times using ethanol as the precipitation solvent and chloroform as the dispersion medium, and then 10 ml of nonane was added, and 100 parts by weight of nonane was distributed with oleyl alcohol as an infrared shielding material. An infrared shielding material dispersion containing 1.5 wt% of antimony-doped indium oxide fine particles was obtained.

  When a part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was diluted and observed with a TEM, the average particle diameter of the antimony-doped indium oxide fine particles as the infrared shielding material was 5.3 nm, and the average aspect ratio was 1.14. Next, part of the infrared shielding material dispersion was dried to obtain an antimony-doped indium oxide fine particle powder as an infrared shielding material, and the metal (antimony) component in the fine particles was analyzed by ICP analysis. As a result, antimony / indium ( The molar ratio was 7/93, and it was confirmed that oleyl alcohol was coordinated to 8.4 wt% by simultaneous differential thermogravimetric measurement of the fine particle powder. The evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding material are shown in Table 1.

  The infrared shielding material dispersion is coated on a highly transparent PET film base material for optical use, which is a base material, by spin coating, and dried in a reduced pressure at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a PET film substrate. An infrared shielding laminate having an infrared shielding material layer with a thickness of 0.1 μm was obtained. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the PET film substrate, and had a good appearance with a haze of 1.2%. Further, this infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 91.1% and a solar transmittance Te of 65.4%, and Tv / Te = 1.39, an infrared shielding effect sufficient as an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

Example 8
An infrared shielding material and an infrared shielding material dispersion obtained by the same method as in Example 7 were applied by spin coating on a highly transparent PET film for optical use as a base material, and 120 ° C., 60 ° C. under reduced pressure. The infrared shielding laminated body which formed the infrared shielding material layer with a film thickness of 0.5 micrometer on PET film board | substrate was obtained. The infrared shielding laminate had high adhesion of the infrared shielding material layer to the PET film substrate, and had a good appearance with a haze of 1.9%. Further, this infrared shielding laminate has a visible light transmittance Tv of 89.9%, a solar radiation transmittance Te of 69.1%, and Tv / Te = 1.30, which is a sufficient infrared shielding effect as an infrared shielding laminate. It was confirmed that it has. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of the obtained infrared shielding laminate.

比較例１
メチルエチルケトン１００重量部に対して、アンチモンドープ酸化インジウム微粒子（三菱マテリアル化学社製、平均粒径１００ｎｍ、アンチモン１０ｍｏｌ％）１５重量部を分散した分散液を調製した。

Comparative Example 1
A dispersion was prepared by dispersing 15 parts by weight of antimony-doped indium oxide fine particles (Mitsubishi Materials Chemical Co., Ltd., average particle size 100 nm, antimony 10 mol%) with respect to 100 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone.

  Then, the dispersion is applied on a glass substrate as a base material by a dip coating method, dried in air at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, and a fine particle layer having a thickness of 3.0 μm is formed on the glass substrate. The laminated body which has was obtained. The laminate had a haze of 2.1% and a visible light transmittance of 73.5%, and did not have a sufficient visible light transmittance as an infrared shielding material. That is, since the particle diameter of the antimony-doped indium oxide fine particles is large, the secondary particles formed by aggregation of the fine particles and the fine particles scatter light, and the visible light transmittance sufficient as an infrared shielding material was not exhibited. Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the laminate.

Comparative Example 2
A dispersion containing 1.5 parts by weight of indium oxide fine particles coordinated with oleylamine with respect to 100 parts by weight of chloroform was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that zirconium acetate was not used.

  When a part of the obtained dispersion was diluted and observed by TEM, the average particle diameter of the indium oxide fine particles was 11.5 nm and the average aspect ratio was 1.18. Next, a part of the dispersion was dried to form a fine particle powder, and it was confirmed that 4.4% by weight of oleylamine was coordinated by simultaneous differential thermogravimetric measurement. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained fine particles.

  The dispersion is coated on a highly transparent PEN film for flexible use as a base material by a spin coating method, dried in air at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes, and a film thickness of 2.0 μm on the PEN film substrate. A laminate having a fine particle layer was obtained. The laminate had a high transparency of 4.8% and visible light transmittance Tv of 80.3%, but the solar transmittance Te was 77.0% and Tv / Te = 1.04. The infrared shielding material did not have a sufficient infrared shielding effect. That is, since indium oxide is not doped with a specific metal, carrier generation is insufficient, and plasma reflection is insufficient. Therefore, infrared reflectance sufficient as an infrared shielding material is not exhibited. Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the obtained laminate.

Comparative Example 3
In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2.6 g of n-butylamine was used instead of 3.0 g of octadecylamine, tin-doped indium oxide fine particles 1. A dispersion containing 5 parts by weight was obtained.

  When a part of the obtained dispersion was diluted and observed by TEM, the average particle diameter of the tin-doped indium oxide fine particles was 7.8 nm and the average aspect ratio was 1.20. Next, a part of the dispersion was dried to form a fine particle powder, and when the metal (tin) component in the fine particle was analyzed by ICP analysis, the tin / indium (molar ratio) was 8/92, and differential thermal heat It was confirmed by simultaneous weight measurement that n-butylamine was 3.5% by weight coordinated. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained fine particles.

The dispersion is applied to a substrate, a highly transparent PET film for optical use, by a drop coating method, dried in air at 120 ° C. for 3 hours, and a film thickness of 0.8 μm on the PET film substrate. A laminate having a fine particle layer formed thereon was obtained. The laminate had a haze of 32.0% and a visible light transmittance Tv of 68.2, and did not have sufficient visible light transmittance as an infrared shielding material.
That is, since the chain length of the organic ligand is short, it becomes a dispersion having low dispersibility of the fine particles, and the obtained coating film does not have sufficient transparency as an infrared shielding material.

Comparative Example 4
Into a 100 ml flask was charged 292 mg of indium (III) acetate, 60 mg of germanium dioxide (IV), 600 μl of 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2.7 g of oleylamine, and 15 ml of triethylene glycol. Then, the mixture was heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 150 ° C. for 1 hour, and then heated and refluxed in a nitrogen atmosphere at 270 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain a coarse dispersion of germanium-doped indium oxide fine particles coordinated with oleylamine.

  The crude dispersion was repeatedly centrifuged and purified 5 times using isopropanol as a precipitation solvent and chloroform as a dispersion medium, and then 5 ml of toluene was added, and germanium-doped oxidation with oleylamine coordinated to 100 parts by weight of toluene. A dispersion containing 1.0 part by weight of indium fine particles was obtained.

  When a part of the dispersion was diluted and observed by TEM, the average particle diameter of the germanium-doped indium oxide fine particles was 5.0 nm and the average aspect ratio was 1.12. Next, a part of the dispersion was dried to form a fine particle powder, and the metal (germanium) component in the fine particle was analyzed by ICP analysis. As a result, germanium / indium (molar ratio) was 1/99, and differential heat By simultaneous weight measurement, it was confirmed that 7.1% by weight of oleylamine was coordinated.

  The dispersion is applied to a substrate, a highly transparent PET film for optical use, by a drop coating method, dried in air at 120 ° C. for 3 hours, and a film thickness of 0.6 μm on the PET film substrate. A laminate having a fine particle layer was obtained. The laminate had a high visible light transmittance of 5.0% and a visible light transmittance Tv of 88.8%, but the solar transmittance Te was 80.0, and Tv / Te = 1.11. And, it did not have a sufficient infrared shielding effect as an infrared shielding material. That is, since the metal doped with indium oxide is germanium, sufficient carriers were not generated, and plasma reflection was insufficient. Therefore, infrared reflectance sufficient as an infrared shielding material was not exhibited.

  The infrared shielding material and the infrared shielding material of the present invention provide an infrared shielding material capable of controlling an arbitrary infrared shielding rate and easily exhibiting high visible light transmittance and infrared shielding properties. Therefore, it is expected as an infrared shielding material used for vehicles, buildings and the like.

Claims (6)

An infrared shielding material comprising metal-doped indium oxide fine particles satisfying at least the following properties (a) to (c).
(A): spherical fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 60 nm and an average aspect ratio of 1 to 1.2.
(B); the metal at the time of doping indium oxide is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tin, antimony and zirconium, and the metal / indium measured by a fusion coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) The ratio is in the range of 1/99 to 40/60 (molar ratio).
(C): Coordinated with an organic ligand having carbon chain lengths of C10 to C24 having one or more elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus. The infrared shielding material according to claim 1, wherein the coordination amount of the organic ligand is metal-doped indium oxide fine particles having a weight of 1 to 10% by weight. An infrared shielding material dispersion liquid comprising a dispersion liquid containing at least 0.1 to 80 parts by weight of the infrared shielding material according to claim 1 or 2 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dispersion medium. An infrared shielding laminate comprising the infrared shielding material according to claim 1 as a layer on a transparent substrate. The infrared shielding laminate according to claim 4, wherein the haze is 5% or less. 6. The infrared shielding laminate according to claim 4, wherein the visible light transmittance Tv is 80% or more, and the value thereof is 1.2 times or more of the solar radiation transmittance Te.