JP2014129510A - Polymerized rosin glycidyl ester and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a specific polymerized rosin glycidyl ester from the point of view of environment consideration or property and physical property, and to apply the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester to various applications as a raw material, a modifier, a crosslinking agent and the like for a synthetic resin such as an alkyd resin or polyester and the like, or an adhesive agent, a coating material or a compounding agent for molding material, and further an environment friendly epoxy resin.SOLUTION: A polymerized rosin glycidyl ester having a color tone containing 60 wt.% or more of a diepoxy component having a specific structure of Gardner 3 or less, a softening point of 65 to 120°C and an epoxy equivalent of 300 to 400 g/eq is used.

Description

The present invention relates to a specific polymerized rosin glycidyl ester and a method for producing the same.

In recent years, demands for using biomass have increased further for chemical raw materials and chemical materials. As biomass, for example, natural rosin, various modified rosins obtained by modifying this, and derivatives thereof are known.

Examples of the rosin derivative include rosin salt, rosin alcohol, rosin ester and the like. An example of a rosin ester is rosin glycidyl ester, which can be used in various applications such as reactive diluents, raw materials and modifiers for synthetic resins such as alkyd resins and polyesters, and ingredients for paints and adhesives. Has been.

A method for producing rosin glycidyl ester is disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example. In this patent document, modified rosins such as polymerized rosin are listed in addition to natural rosin as rosin glycidyl ester raw material rosin. Patent Document 3 describes a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester and a method for producing the same.

However, Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not disclose any properties or physical properties of the obtained polymerized rosin glycidyl ester. Patent Document 3 does not describe the properties and physical properties of the polymerized rosin as a starting material, nor does it provide any teaching or suggestion about the purity of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester obtained or the epoxy resin composition using the polymerized rosin. .

The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester can be regarded as an epoxy resin utilizing biomass, and it is considered that a new and high-performance epoxy resin can be provided depending on its properties and purity.

JP-A 64-69680 JP-A-4-72369 Chinese Patent Publication No. 101220134

An object of the present invention is to provide a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester having reduced environmental burden and excellent curability.

The inventor has paid attention to a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester that can be an environmentally friendly and high-performance epoxy resin, and as a result of extensive studies on its properties and physical properties, the polymer rosin glycidyl ester satisfying a predetermined condition has a problem. The present inventors have found that this can be solved and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention
General formula (1):

In the formula, Ro represents a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester residue. The color tone containing 60% by weight or more is Gardner 3 or less, the softening point is 65 to 120 ° C., and the epoxy equivalent is 300 to 400 g / eq. A polymerized rosin glycidyl ester,
(2) Ester of polymerized rosin having a color tone of Gardner 2 or less, a softening point of 145 to 200 ° C., an acid value of 160 to 185 mg KOH / g, and a dimer content of 60% by weight or more, and an epihalohydrin A method for producing a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester by reacting in the presence of an oxidization catalyst to form a polymerized rosin epihalohydrin ester, and then dehydrohalogenating the ester with an alkali, and (3) a curable epoxy resin containing the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester According to the composition.

According to the present invention, a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester that is environmentally friendly and has excellent properties and physical properties can be provided. The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester can be used as a raw material and modifier for synthetic resins such as alkyd resins and polyesters, and as a compounding agent for adhesives, paints and molding materials. Applicable to usage.

The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention has the general formula (1):

(In the formula, Ro represents a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester residue) 60% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, color tone is Gardner 3 or less, and softening point is 65 to 120. The conditions that the epoxy equivalent is 300 to 400 g / eq at the same time are satisfied. The color tone is a value measured according to JIS K5902, the softening point is a value measured according to JIS K2207 (ring and ball method), and the epoxy equivalent is a value measured according to JIS K7236: 2001.

In order for the obtained polymerized rosin glycidyl ester to exhibit the properties, the raw material polymerized rosin has a color tone of Gardner 2 or less, an acid value of 160 to 185 mg KOH / g, a softening point of 145 to 200 ° C., and a dimer. A material having a content of 60% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more (hereinafter referred to as a specific polymerization rosin) is used. When the dimer content in the raw material polymerized rosin is less than 60% by weight, the properties and physical properties of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester obtained depart from the above numerical range. More preferable properties of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester are a color tone of Gardner 2 or less, a softening point of 70 to 110 ° C., and an epoxy equivalent of 320 to 380 g / eq.

In order to obtain the specific polymerized rosin, it is preferable to use a purified rosin obtained by a method such as distillation or recrystallization as a starting material, or further hydrogenate the polymerized rosin thus obtained. The color tone is more preferably Gardner 1 or less, and further preferably a Hazen level (according to JIS K0071-1). The method for producing the specific polymerized rosin is not particularly limited, and various known methods can be employed. Examples thereof include a method using a polymer having a pendant sulfone group as a polymerization reaction catalyst (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-45396); a method using formic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, zinc chloride and the like.

When the acid value of the polymerized rosin used is less than 160 mgKOH / g, the content of the component represented by the general formula (1) in the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester obtained tends to be low, and the polymerization exceeds 185 mgKOH / g. Rosin is practically difficult to obtain.

When the dimer content of the polymerized rosin used is less than 60% by weight, the softening point of the resulting polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is lowered, or the epoxy equivalent exceeds the upper limit value. There exists a tendency for the glass transition point of the epoxy hardened | cured material which uses superposition | polymerization rosin glycidyl ester to become low. The remaining components other than the dimer in the polymerized rosin include unreacted rosin, components of trimer or higher, and decomposition products. Even when the dimer content of the polymerized rosin is within the above range, the acid value deviates from the above range. include.

When the softening point of the resulting polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is less than 65 ° C., the glass transition point of the epoxy cured product using the polymer tends to be low, and when it exceeds 120 ° C., the glass transition of the cured product The point tends to be too high.

When the epoxy equivalent of the obtained polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is less than 300 g / eq, it is theoretically difficult to produce it. In addition, the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester having an epoxy equivalent of more than 400 g / eq tends to decrease curability.

The method for producing a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention comprises a step of reacting a specific polymerized rosin with an epihalohydrin to form a polymerized rosin epihalohydrin ester (hereinafter referred to as the first step), and then dehydrohalogenating with an alkali to carry out epoxy ring closure. It consists of a process (henceforth a 2nd process).

Examples of the epihalohydrin used in the first step include epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, epiiodohydrin, and epifluorohydrin, but industrially epichlorohydrin is preferable. The amount of epihalohydrin used needs to be determined appropriately so that the carboxyl group of the specific polymerized rosin does not remain in the reaction product. Is about 1 to 10 moles. When it exceeds 10 times mole, it is not only uneconomical but also tends to increase the epoxy equivalent of the reaction product due to side reactions.

As the esterification catalyst used in the first step, various known catalysts can be used without any particular limitation, but amine salts can be preferably used. Among known esterification catalysts, amines tend to have low catalytic activity.

The amine salt is an acidic compound obtained by reacting an amine with a strong acid such as a halogen acid or sulfuric acid, and includes a primary amine salt, a secondary amine salt, a tertiary amine salt, and a quaternary ammonium salt. Either can be used effectively.

Specific examples of primary amine salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydrofluorides, sulfates of primary amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, benzylamine, and aniline. Etc. Specific examples of the secondary amine salt include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydrofluorates, sulfates of secondary amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylaniline, and benzylmethylamine. Is mentioned. Specific examples of the tertiary amine salt include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydrofluorates, sulfates of tertiary amines such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, and dimethylbenzylamine. Etc. Specific examples of the quaternary ammonium salt include chlorinated products, brominated products, fluorinated products, and sulfates of various quaternary amines such as tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium, allyltriethylammonium, and tetrabutylammonium. Etc.

The amount of the esterification catalyst used in the first step is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the specific polymerization rosin. When the amount used is less than 0.01% by weight, it takes a long time to complete the first step, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, it is uneconomical.

The reaction conditions in the first step are appropriately determined in consideration of the yield of the polymerized rosin halohydrin ester. Usually, the reaction temperature is 50 to 120 ° C., preferably 80 to 100 ° C., and the reaction time is 1 10 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. The end point of the reaction can be easily confirmed by HLC (High Performance Liquid Column Chromatography) measurement method. It is good to carry out after confirming that it has been converted to phosphorus ester. That is, when unreacted polymerized rosin is present in the reaction system, the polymerized rosin reacts with the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester obtained in the second step to produce polymerized rosin glyceride as a by-product. is there.

The alkali used in the second step is preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, and specific examples thereof include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and the like. The form of alkali used is not particularly limited, but it is usually preferable to add it to the reaction system as a solid, but it may be added as an aqueous solution. When using an alkaline aqueous solution, the concentration should be adjusted to 40% by weight or more. If the concentration is less than 40% by weight, the side reaction proceeds, so the yield of the specific polymerized rosin glycidyl ester as the target product is increased. There is a tendency to decrease.

The amount of the alkali used is at least 1 equivalent, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 times equivalent to 1 equivalent of the ester group of the polymerized rosin epihalohydrin ester. When the amount used is less than 1 equivalent, the reaction is not completed, and even if it is used in excess of 1.2 times equivalent, there is no superiority in the reaction, and it becomes uneconomical.

The reaction conditions in the second step are appropriately determined in consideration of the yield of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester that is the target product. Usually, the reaction temperature is 50 to 120 ° C, preferably 100 to 120 ° C. The time is 1 to 10 hours, preferably 1 to 2 hours. The end point of the reaction may be confirmed by the HLC measurement method as described above.

During the reaction, water added together with alkali or water generated by the reaction should be removed from the reaction system by a method such as azeotropy to suppress side reactions due to hydrolysis of the resulting polymerized rosin glycidyl ester. .

  After completion of the reaction, excess epihalohydrin is removed from the reaction system by an operation such as vacuum distillation. Next, by adding a suitable solvent to the obtained residue and dissolving it, the by-product salt is filtered off, and then the solvent is distilled off to obtain the target specific polymerized rosin glycidyl ester.

The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention obtained as described above is environmentally friendly and has excellent properties and physical properties. The glycidyl ester can be used as a reactive diluent, a raw material for alkyd resins and polyesters, a modifier, a crosslinking agent, as a compounding agent for paints, adhesives and molding materials, and as an environmentally friendly epoxy resin. Applicable to various uses.

  The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention not only has approximately two oxirane groups in the molecule, but also has a bulky structure derived from the polymerized rosin moiety, and therefore has great utility as a high-performance epoxy resin.

  The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention is useful for preparing a curable resin composition such as an epoxy resin composition. Various compositions such as a solvent, a curing agent for epoxy resin, a pigment, and an epoxy resin can be appropriately blended in the composition according to the use.

The content of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is usually about 5 to 50% by weight (in terms of solid content), preferably 10 to 40% by weight based on the total amount of the epoxy compound in the epoxy resin composition (100 parts by weight in terms of solid content). %. The epoxy resin that can be used in combination with the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is not particularly limited, and various known epoxy resins can be used. For example, novolac type epoxy resin, trisphenol epoxy resin, biphenyl type epoxy resin, bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol A Type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, alicyclic epoxy resin and the like.

As the curing agent for epoxy resin to be blended in the epoxy resin composition, various known curing agents can be used without particular limitation. For example, imidazole compounds such as 2-methylimidazole and 2-ethylimidazole, 2- (dimethyl And tertiary amine compounds such as aminomethyl) phenol, and triphenylphosphine compounds.

In the epoxy resin composition, various known solvents can be used without particular limitation, for example, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and the like Alcohols; alkylene glycol alkyl ethers such as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether; acetate esters such as propylene glycol acetate, cellosolve acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate; aromatics such as toluene and xylene A hydrocarbon etc. are mentioned.

The epoxy resin composition containing the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester can be applied to various uses such as paints, adhesives, and molding materials.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Parts and% are based on weight unless otherwise specified. The color tone, softening point and dimer content of the polymerized rosin in the present invention are measured and calculated, and the color tone, softening point, epoxy equivalent and content of the component represented by the general formula (1) of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester. The measurement / calculation is performed by the following method.

(Color tone)
Gardner chromaticity was visually measured according to JIS K5902, and Hazen chromaticity was visually measured according to JIS K0071-1.

(Softening point)
The measurement was performed according to JIS K2207 (ring and ball method).

Epoxy equivalent (g / eq): Measured according to JIS K7236: 2001.

(Dimer, content of general formula (1) component)
Determined by HLC measurement method. The measurement conditions are as follows.
Column: ODS (manufactured by JASCO Corporation)
Solvent: methyl alcohol / 0.01% phosphoric acid = 9/1 (volume ratio)
Flow rate: 1 ml / min,
Detector: differential refractometer (manufactured by JASCO Corporation)

Example 1 (Synthesis of polymerized rosin glycidyl ester)
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, 300 parts of polymerized rosin (acid value 178 mg KOH / g, softening point 150 ° C., color tone Gardner 1, dimer content 65%) and 0.6 part of trimethylamine hydrochloride were added to epichlorohydrin 600. And heated to 80 ° C. under a nitrogen stream and kept warm for 3 hours. After confirming the formation of chlorohydrin ester and the absence of unreacted polymerized rosin by HLC measurement, the reaction system was heated to 120 ° C., and 40 parts of sodium hydroxide was divided into 5 parts over 1 hour. Added. During this time, the produced water was removed by azeotroping with epichlorohydrin. Subsequently, epichlorohydrin was distilled off under reduced pressure, and after maintaining at 30 mmHg and 135 ° C. for 5 minutes, a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester was obtained. The properties and physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Example 2
In Example 1, instead of the polymerized rosin, the following reaction was similarly performed except that the following polymerized rosin (acid value 182 mgKOH / g, softening point 171 ° C., color tone Gardner 1, dimer content 80%) was used. And polymerized rosin glycidyl ester was obtained. The properties and physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Example 3
In Example 1, instead of the polymerized rosin, a hydrogenated polymerized rosin (acid value 178 mgKOH / g, softening point 167 ° C., color tone Hazen 100, dimer content 80%) was used in the same manner. And polymerized rosin glycidyl ester was obtained. The properties and physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Example 4
In Example 1, a reaction was carried out in the same manner except that 0.9 part of dimethylamine hydrochloride was used instead of 0.6 part of trimethylamine hydrochloride to obtain a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester. The properties and physical properties are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 (Synthesis of Comparative Polymerized Rosin Glycidyl Ester)
In Example 1, instead of the polymerized rosin, a reaction was conducted in the same manner except that a comparative polymerized rosin (acid value 148 mgKOH / g, softening point 94 ° C., color tone Gardner 5, dimer content 40%) was used. A comparative polymerized rosin glycidyl ester was obtained. The properties and physical properties are shown in Table 1.

(Preparation of epoxy resin composition and creation of test plate)
70 parts of each sample consisting of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester obtained in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 (in terms of solid content), bisphenol A type epoxy resin (manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin, product name “EP1001”, epoxy Equivalent about 475 g / eq, nonvolatile content 100%) 30 parts, amine curing agent (manufactured by Daito Sangyo Co., Ltd., MXDA modified amine, active hydrogen equivalent 95 g / eq) 15 parts, titanium oxide 30 parts, aluminum phosphate system After mixing 10 parts of rust preventive pigment and 60 parts of precipitated barium sulfate, knead for 30 minutes with a paint shaker, and then add the required amount of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether to prepare an epoxy resin paint with a solid content of 50%. did. Each of the paints was spray-coated on a degreased steel plate and left at room temperature for 7 days to prepare a test plate.

(Evaluation method)
1)
Pencil hardness: Conforms to JIS K5400. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
2)
Rust prevention: Salt water spray test of JIS K5400 Salt water was sprayed on the test plate, and the rust generation state after 120 hours was visually observed. The evaluation standard refers to the peel width of the crosscut portion. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
3) Water resistance After immersing the test plate in water at 40 ° C. for 240 hours, in accordance with the cross-cut test of JIS K5400, 100 cross-cuts with a width of 2 mm were prepared using a cutter, and then the cellophane tape was peeled off. The peeled state was visually determined. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. In addition, 100/100 of the cross cut test result indicates that 100 pieces (molecules) did not peel at all and all remained. The results are shown in Table 2.

From Table 1, the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention has properties and physical properties (color tone, softening point, epoxy equivalent and content of the component represented by the general formula (1)) as compared with the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester for comparison. Is different. Table 2 also shows that the epoxy paint using the specific polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is superior in coating film performance as compared with the epoxy paint using the comparative polymerized rosin glycidyl ester. Therefore, it is clear that the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester of the present invention is suitable for various uses as an environmentally friendly epoxy resin or the like.

Claims (9)

General formula (1):

In the formula, Ro represents a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester residue. The color tone containing 60% by weight or more is Gardner 3 or less, the softening point is 65 to 120 ° C., and the epoxy equivalent is 300 to 400 g / eq. Some polymerized rosin glycidyl esters. General formula (1):

2. The polymerized rosin glycidyl ester according to claim 1, wherein the content of the component represented by (wherein Ro represents a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester residue) is 80% by weight or more. An esterification catalyst comprising a polymerized rosin having a color tone of Gardner 2 or less, a softening point of 145 to 200 ° C., an acid value of 160 to 185 mg KOH / g, and a dimer content of 60% by weight or more, and an epihalohydrin A method for producing a polymerized rosin glycidyl ester, which is reacted in the presence to form a polymerized rosin epihalohydrin ester and then dehalogenated the ester with an alkali. The manufacturing method of Claim 3 using the polymerization rosin whose content rate of the said dimer is 80 weight% or more. The color tone of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is Gardner 3 or less, the softening point is 65 to 120 ° C., the epoxy equivalent is 300 to 400 g / eq, and the content of the component represented by the general formula (1) is 60% by weight or more. The manufacturing method according to claim 3. The color tone of the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester is Gardner 3 or less, the softening point is 65 to 120 ° C., the epoxy equivalent is 300 to 400 g / eq, and the content of the component represented by the general formula (1) is 80% by weight or more. The manufacturing method according to claim 4. The production method according to claim 3, wherein the esterification catalyst is an amine salt. A curable epoxy resin composition containing the polymerized rosin glycidyl ester according to claim 1. The resin composition according to claim 8, further comprising at least one of a solvent, a pigment, an epoxy resin curing agent, and an epoxy resin.