JP2014105453A - Tsunami evacuation facility and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami evacuation facility which is capable of presenting a high strength against tsunami and can be constructed at a low cost, and a construction method thereof.SOLUTION: The tsunami evacuation facility comprises: an evacuation platform 1 for accommodating evacuees thereon; support legs 2 and 3 for supporting the evacuation platform at a predetermined height position away from the ground; and ascending/descending means 5 and 6 for the evacuee to ascend/descend the evacuation platform. The support legs are formed from straight piles 2 which are driven perpendicularly to the ground and inclined piles 3 which are driven while being inclined with respect to the ground. The inclined piles are formed from a plurality of piles in different inclining directions.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation facility and a construction method thereof, and more particularly to a highly safe tsunami evacuation facility capable of exerting high strength against a tsunami and a construction method thereof.

Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world, and the reality is that there are many victims who lose their precious lives due to earthquakes every year.
Many of the victims of an earthquake are victims of a collapsed building, but many victims lose their lives near the coast due to the tsunami caused by the earthquake. In fact, in the Great East Japan Earthquake, tens of thousands of precious lives were lost by the tsunami.

In the past, when a tsunami occurred, it was common to evacuate to evacuation facilities such as schools and public halls on the hills designated in advance by local governments. If you are away from the village, evacuation of residents near the coast may not be in time.
Therefore, tsunami shelters are being built near the coast, but the number is still very small.

Reinforced concrete structures exist as tsunami evacuation facilities that have been constructed in the past.
However, when a tsunami of 10 m or more is assumed, a reinforced concrete structure has a higher cost per evacuation staff. In addition, there is a problem that the construction place is limited because a stable and stable ground is required against the earthquake.

On the other hand, the tsunami evacuation facilities disclosed in the following Patent Documents 1 and 2 are configured to support an evacuation platform that accommodates refugees using piles placed on the ground, thus solving the above-described problems. can do.
However, these tsunami evacuation facilities are composed of straight piles in which the piles supporting the evacuation stands are driven perpendicular to the ground, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient strength to withstand the tsunami. This is because when a tsunami is received, a force (pull-out force) is applied to the straight pile. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures such as increasing the number of straight piles and increasing the depth of direct piles, which increases the number of man-hours for construction and increases construction costs.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-184323 JP 2007-138388 A

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and is capable of exhibiting high strength against tsunami and capable of being constructed at low cost and its tsunami evacuation facility It provides a construction method.

  The invention according to claim 1 is an evacuation base for accommodating an refugee, a support leg for supporting the evacuation base at a predetermined height position away from the ground, and an elevating means for the refugee to ascend and descend the refuge And the support leg is composed of a straight pile that is driven in a direction perpendicular to the ground, and a diagonal pile that is inclined with respect to the ground. The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation facility characterized by comprising a plurality of piles having different directions.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the straight pile is erected so as to support the vicinity of the outer edge of the refuge, and the oblique pile is erected so as to support the vicinity of the center of the refuge. It is related with the tsunami evacuation facility of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the plurality of diagonal piles are composed of at least three diagonal piles arranged so as to approach each other toward the upper end from the lower end and to be close to each other at the upper end. The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 1 or 2.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ruler frame installation step of installing a ruler frame having a guide pile and a conductor on the ground, an upper work panel installation step of installing an upper work panel on the ruler frame, and the guide Based on the pile and the conductive material, a pile driving process in which a straight pile and a plurality of slant piles having different inclination directions are placed on the ground, and another straight pile at the upper end of the placed straight pile. By welding the lower end of the straight pile extending step of extending the placed straight pile upward, and lifting the upper work panel along the extended straight pile, and at the predetermined height position The upper construction panel lifting and fixing step for fixing to a straight pile and the lower end of another diagonal pile are welded to the upper end of the installed diagonal pile, thereby extending the diagonal pile placed diagonally upward Slant pile extending step, and a slant pile fixed to fix the upper end of the other slant pile to the superstructure panel And process, the on how to build a tsunami evacuation facilities that characterized in that it is carried out in this order.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the pile placing step, the straight pile is placed in the vicinity of at least four corners of the ruler frame, and the plurality of oblique piles approach each other toward the upper end from the lower end. In the upper work panel lifting and fixing step, the upper work panel is fixed to the straight pile at at least four corners in the upper work panel lifting and fixing step. The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 4, wherein the tsunami evacuation facility is extended obliquely upward, and in the inclined pile fixing step, upper ends of the extended inclined piles are fixed near the center of the superstructure panel. It relates to the construction method.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the support legs that support the refuge for accommodating the evacuees are placed directly in the vertical direction with respect to the ground and inclined with respect to the ground. Because it consists of slanted piles, it is possible to stably support the refuge with direct piles, and the slanted piles can exhibit high resistance to the force of pulling out the piles that are subjected to tsunami. it can. In addition, the slant pile is composed of a plurality of piles having different inclination directions, so that it can exert a high resistance to both the compression direction force and the pull direction force. It will be a highly safe tsunami evacuation facility that can exhibit high strength. Moreover, by using a diagonal pile, high strength can be exhibited with a small number compared with the case where only a straight pile is used. Therefore, the number of construction steps can be reduced, and the construction cost can be kept low.

  According to the invention according to claim 2, the straight pile is erected so as to support the vicinity of the outer edge of the refuge, and the oblique pile is erected so as to support the vicinity of the center of the refuge. Even a refuge with a large area can exhibit both stable support by straight piles and resistance to tsunami by slant piles effectively.

  According to the invention according to claim 3, since the plurality of diagonal piles are arranged so as to approach each other toward the upper end from the lower end and to be close to each other at the upper end, the force received from the weight of the refuge and the tsunami Can be received in a well-balanced manner in each slant pile. In addition, since the slant piles consist of at least three slant piles, the slant piles exhibit high resistance to both the compressive force and the tensile force regardless of the direction of the tsunami. It will be a safer tsunami evacuation facility.

  According to the invention according to claim 4, the tsunami evacuation facility constructed by this method can stably support the evacuation platform by the direct pile and has a force to pull out the pile received when receiving the tsunami. On the other hand, the diagonal pile can exhibit high resistance. Moreover, since the slant pile is composed of a plurality of piles having different inclination directions, it can exhibit high resistance to both the force in the compression direction and the force in the pull direction, and against the tsunami A highly safe tsunami evacuation facility with high strength can be obtained. Moreover, by using a diagonal pile, high strength can be exhibited with a small number compared with the case where only a straight pile is used. Therefore, the number of construction steps can be reduced, and the construction cost can be kept low. Furthermore, after the upper work panel is lifted and fixed at a predetermined height, the slant pile is extended, so that the lift of the upper work panel is not hindered by the slant pile and efficient construction is possible.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, even if it is a refuge with a large area, it is possible to exhibit both the stable support by the straight pile and the resistance force against the tsunami by the oblique pile in an effective manner. A tsunami evacuation facility can be constructed.

It is an external appearance perspective view which shows the tsunami evacuation facility which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows a ruler frame installation process, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a figure which shows a superstructure panel installation process, Comprising: (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view. It is a front view which shows a pile placing process. It is a front view which shows a direct pile extending process. It is a front view which shows a superstructure panel lifting fixing process. It is a front view which shows a direct pile extending process, a slant pile fixing process, and a floor slab installation process.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a tsunami evacuation facility and a construction method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an external perspective view showing a tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention.
The tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention includes an evacuation base for accommodating the refugee, a support leg for supporting the evacuation base at a predetermined height position away from the ground, and an elevating means for the refugee to ascend and descend the evacuation base. And.

  The refuge (1) is a pedestal on which an evacuee can be placed and accommodated, and a handrail (4) for preventing the refugee from falling is provided around the refuge. On the evacuation platform (1), facilities such as a toilet, a food storage, a generator, and a solar panel can be installed as necessary.

The support leg is composed of a straight pile (2) driven in a direction perpendicular to the ground and a slant pile (3) driven inclined with respect to the ground.
By using the straight pile (2) and the slant pile (3), the straight pile (2) can stably support the refuge (1) and force to pull out the pile received when receiving a tsunami On the other hand, the diagonal pile (3) can exhibit high resistance. Moreover, compared with the case where only the straight pile (2) is used, the number of piles can be reduced, or the pile placement depth can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened to reduce the construction cost. Is possible.
As the straight pile (2) and the oblique pile (3), steel pipe piles are preferably used.

The straight pile (2) is erected so as to support the vicinity of the outer edge of the refuge (1).
As shown in the illustrated example, by arranging the straight piles (2) at at least four corners of the refuge (1), the refuge (1) can be stably supported.

The diagonal pile (3) is composed of a plurality of piles having different inclination directions. Thereby, it is possible to exhibit a high resistance to both the force in the compression direction and the force in the pulling direction, and a highly safe tsunami evacuation facility that can exhibit a high strength against the tsunami.
The plurality of diagonal piles (3) are arranged so as to approach each other toward the upper end portion from the lower end portion and to approach each other at the upper end portion. The upper ends of the plurality of slant piles (3) support the vicinity of the center of the refuge (1). Thereby, the force received from the weight of the refuge and the tsunami can be received in a balanced manner at each slant pile.
The number of slant piles (3) is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least 3 or more, and is set to 4 in the illustrated example. When the number of diagonal piles (3) is three or more, it is preferable to arrange three or more diagonal piles in a regular pyramid shape. For example, when three slant piles (3) are used, three slant piles (3) are arranged in a regular triangular pyramid, and when four slant piles (3) are used, four slant piles (3) Are arranged in a regular quadrangular pyramid shape. In this way, in almost all directions regardless of the direction of the tsunami, the slant pile exhibits a high resistance to both the force in the compression direction and the force in the pull direction, and a safer tsunami evacuation facility Become.

  As the lifting means, a staircase (5) and a gondola (6) are provided. The gondola (6) may be motor-driven or manually driven. Although an elevator may be provided as the lifting means, there is a possibility that the electric system may be destroyed by a tsunami, so a lifting means that does not require a power source such as a staircase or a human-powered gondola is necessary.

Hereinafter, a method for constructing a tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention will be described.
First, a ruler frame (9) provided with a guide pile (7) and a guide material (8) is installed on the ground (ruler frame installation step). 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a ruler frame installation process, where FIG. 2A is a front view and FIG. 2B is a plan view.
The lead pile (7) and the lead material (8) are made of steel such as H-shaped steel. The conductive material (8) is a steel material assembled in a substantially rectangular frame shape in plan view, and is installed parallel to the ground. The guide pile (7) is integrated with the guide material (8) and is placed on the ground using a hydraulic vibrator hammer (10). A short guide tube (11) extending in a direction inclined with respect to the ground is attached to the conductive material (8).

Next, the upper work panel (12) is installed on the ruler frame (9) (upper work panel installation process). FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing an upper work panel installation process, where FIG. 3A is a front view and FIG. 3B is a plan view.
The superstructure panel (12) is made of a steel material such as H-shaped steel in a substantially “day” shape in plan view, and a short guide tube (13) extending in a direction perpendicular to the ground at the intersection of the steel materials. Is attached. A plate (14) is attached to the center of the upper work panel (12).

Subsequently, using the guide pile (7) and guide member (8) of the ruler frame (9) as a reference (as a guide), the straight pile (2) and a plurality of oblique piles (3) having different inclination directions are connected to the ground. (Pile placing process). FIG. 4 is a front view showing a pile driving process.
The straight pile (2) is driven through the guide pipe (13) attached to the upper work panel (12). The slant pile (3) is driven through the guide pipe (11) attached to the conductive material (8). Thereby, the straight pile (2) and the slant pile (3) are accurately placed in a pre-designed direction. The straight pile (2) is driven in the vicinity of at least four corners (six in the illustrated example) of the ruler frame (9), and the plurality of diagonal piles (3) approach each other from the lower end to the upper end, They are placed close to each other.
The direct pile (2) and the diagonal pile (3) are placed using an auger excavator (15) equipped with a down-the-hole hammer (19) having a drill bit (22) at the lower end. (Support layer) It is performed until reaching (20). After placing the straight pile (2) and the diagonal pile (3), the mortar pump (16) injects the root hardening liquid (mortar) (22) into the lower end of each pile and confirms the bearing capacity by the monken (17) Is done.

  Next, another straight pile (2 ′) is suspended above the placed straight pile (2) by a crane (18) (the crane vehicle main body is not shown), and the lower end of the straight pile (2 ′). Is welded to the upper end of the placed direct pile (2) to extend the placed straight pile (2) upward (perpendicular to the ground) (direct pile extending step). FIG. 5 is a front view showing a straight pile extending step.

Next, the upper work panel (12) is lifted by the crane (18) along the extended straight pile (2) (2 '), and the upper work panel (12) is placed at the predetermined height position by the straight pile (2' ) (Upper panel lifting and fixing process). FIG. 6 is a front view showing the upper work panel lifting and fixing step.
For fixing the superstructure panel (12) to the direct pile (2 ′), for example, after covering the upper end of the direct pile (2 ′) with a cap and fixing the cap by placing a mortar in the cap, This can be done by fixing the canopy above the cap to the upper end of the guide tube (13) attached to the upper work panel (12).

Next, another inclined pile (3 ′) is suspended by the crane (18) above the placed inclined pile (3), and the lower end of the inclined pile (3 ′) is inclined ( By welding the upper end of 3), the cast pile (3) is extended obliquely upward (oblique pile extending step).
Then, the upper end part of another diagonal pile (3 ') is fixed to the plate (14) provided in the center of the upper work panel (12) (an oblique pile fixing process). FIG. 7 is a front view showing a straight pile extending step, a diagonal pile fixing step, and the following floor slab installation step.
Thus, after lifting the upper work panel (12) to a predetermined height and fixing it, the slant pile (3) is extended to hinder the lifting of the upper work panel (12) by the slant pile (3). It can be installed efficiently.

Then, floor slab concrete (23) is placed on the ground including the periphery of straight pile (2) and slant pile (3) (floor slab installation process), and handrail (4) is placed around the upper work panel (12). The refuge (1) is constructed by installing
Finally, a tsunami evacuation facility is completed by attaching the stairs (5) and the gondola (6) (see FIG. 1).

  The tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention is used as an evacuation facility for evacuating when a tsunami occurs.

1 Evacuation platform 2 Straight pile 2 'Another straight pile 3 Slant pile 3' Another oblique pile 4 Handrail 5 Stairs (lifting / lowering means)
6 Gondola (lifting means)
7 guide pile 8 guide material 9 ruler frame 10 hydraulic vibro hammer 11 guide pipe 12 superstructure panel 13 guide pipe 14 plate 15 auger machine 16 mortar pump 17 monken 18 crane 19 down-the-hole hammer 20 support ground 21 root hardening liquid 22 drill bit 23 Floor slab concrete

Claims (5)

An evacuation platform to accommodate the evacuees,
A support leg for supporting the refuge at a predetermined height away from the ground;
Elevating means for evacuees to ascend and descend the refuge, and
The support leg is composed of a straight pile driven in a direction perpendicular to the ground and a slant pile driven inclining with respect to the ground,
The oblique pile is composed of a plurality of piles having different inclination directions.
Tsunami evacuation facility characterized by that. The straight pile is erected so as to support the vicinity of the outer edge of the refuge,
2. The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 1, wherein the slant pile is erected so as to support the vicinity of the center of the refuge.   The said multiple slant piles consist of at least 3 or more slant piles arrange | positioned so that it may mutually approach and may mutually adjoin in an upper end part as it goes to a upper end part from a lower end part. Tsunami evacuation facility. A ruler frame installation process for installing a ruler frame with a guide pile and a conductor on the ground;
A superstructure panel installation step of installing a superstructure panel on the ruler frame;
Based on the guide pile and the guide material, a pile driving process for driving a straight pile and a plurality of oblique piles having different inclination directions on the ground,
A straight pile extending step of extending the placed straight pile upward by welding the lower end of another straight pile to the upper end of the placed direct pile;
The upper work panel lifting and fixing step of lifting the upper work panel along the extended straight pile and fixing it to the straight pile at a predetermined height position,
An oblique pile extending step of extending the oblique pile placed obliquely upward by welding the lower end of another oblique pile to the upper end of the oblique pile placed,
A diagonal pile fixing step of fixing the upper end portion of the other diagonal pile to the superstructure panel;
A method for constructing a tsunami evacuation facility, characterized in that the steps are performed in this order. In the pile driving process,
Placing the straight pile near at least four corners of the ruler frame,
The plurality of diagonal piles are driven so as to approach each other as they go from the lower end to the upper end, and close to each other at the upper end,
In the upper work panel lifting and fixing step, the upper work panel is fixed to the straight pile at at least four corners,
In the inclined pile extending step, the plurality of inclined piles are extended obliquely upward,
The method for constructing a tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 4, wherein, in the inclined pile fixing step, upper ends of the extended plurality of inclined piles are fixed near the center of the upper work panel.

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