JP2014079078A - Motor driving system - Google Patents

Motor driving system Download PDF

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JP2014079078A
JP2014079078A JP2012224992A JP2012224992A JP2014079078A JP 2014079078 A JP2014079078 A JP 2014079078A JP 2012224992 A JP2012224992 A JP 2012224992A JP 2012224992 A JP2012224992 A JP 2012224992A JP 2014079078 A JP2014079078 A JP 2014079078A
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power
power storage
storage device
electric motor
power converter
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Jiro Toyosaki
次郎 豊崎
Hisashi Fujimoto
久 藤本
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor driving system capable of efficiently recovering regenerative power from a motor.SOLUTION: A first power storage unit 53 including a series connection of a secondary battery 51 as a first power storage device and a first impedance element 52, and a second power storage unit 56 including a series connection of a capacitor 54 as a second power storage device and a second impedance element 55 are connected in parallel to each other. Further, both ends of the parallel connection circuit of the first power storage unit 53 and the second power storage unit 56 are connected to an input side of a power converter 58, and a motor 57 is connected to an output side of the power converter 58. For this reason, power transmission and reception suitable for the characteristics of the secondary battery 51 and the capacitor 54 is performed under a relatively simple circuit configuration, and the regenerative power of the motor 57 is efficiently recovered while suppressing degradation of the secondary battery 51 and the capacitor 54, thereby achieving a motor driving system having high efficiency, high reliability, and long life.

Description

本発明は、電源として蓄電装置を備え、電動機の回生電力を蓄電装置に回収可能とした電動機駆動システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to an electric motor drive system that includes a power storage device as a power source and that can recover regenerative electric power of the motor in the power storage device.

近年、化石燃料の枯渇問題、地球温暖化問題等を背景にして、電動機を駆動源とする電気自動車や、電動機及びエンジンを駆動源とするハイブリッド自動車等の開発が加速されている。これらの車両には、電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器を有する電動機駆動システムが搭載されており、蓄電装置に蓄えられた電力を用いて電力変換器により電動機を駆動したり、電動機からの回生電力を、電力変換器を介して蓄電装置に回収する技術が種々、提供されている。
電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車等において、走行距離をできるだけ延ばすためには、電動機からの回生電力を効率的に回収することが必要であり、その方法の一つとして、二次電池とキャパシタとを併用した蓄電装置を用いることが提案されている。 In recent years, against the background of the fossil fuel depletion problem, the global warming problem, etc., development of an electric vehicle using an electric motor as a drive source, a hybrid vehicle using an electric motor and an engine as a drive source, etc. has been accelerated. These vehicles are equipped with an electric motor drive system having a power converter equipped with a power storage device as a power source, and the electric power is stored in the power storage device to drive the motor with the power converter, Various techniques for recovering regenerative power to a power storage device via a power converter are provided.
In order to extend the mileage as much as possible in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, it is necessary to efficiently recover the regenerative power from the electric motor. As one of the methods, a secondary battery and a capacitor are used in combination. It has been proposed to use a power storage device.

例えば、図６は、特許文献１に記載された第１の従来技術としての車両用電源装置を示している。
図６において、主電源装置１０は、主電力貯蔵装置１１と、その両端にスイッチ１２を介して接続された電力変換器１３とを備え、電力変換器１３の出力側に車両電気負荷３０が接続されている。一方、補助電源装置２０は、補助電力貯蔵装置２１と、その両端に接続された電力変換器２２とを備え、電力変換器２２の出力側が電力変換器１３の入力側に接続されている。
ここで、主電力貯蔵装置１１は例えばバッテリーであり、補助電力貯蔵装置２１は例えばキャパシタである。また、車両電気負荷３０はインバータ、モータジェネレータ等を含んでいる。 For example, FIG. 6 shows a vehicle power supply device as a first prior art described in Patent Document 1.
In FIG. 6, the main power supply device 10 includes a main power storage device 11 and a power converter 13 connected to both ends of the main power storage device 11 via a switch 12, and a vehicle electrical load 30 is connected to the output side of the power converter 13. Has been. On the other hand, the auxiliary power supply device 20 includes an auxiliary power storage device 21 and power converters 22 connected to both ends thereof, and the output side of the power converter 22 is connected to the input side of the power converter 13.
Here, the main power storage device 11 is, for example, a battery, and the auxiliary power storage device 21 is, for example, a capacitor. The vehicle electrical load 30 includes an inverter, a motor generator, and the like.

上記の構成により、主電力貯蔵装置１１と車両電気負荷３０とは、電力変換器１３を介して双方向に電力授受が可能であり、また、補助電力貯蔵装置２１と車両電気負荷３０とは、電力変換器２２，１３を介して双方向に電力授受が可能である。更に、主電力貯蔵装置１１と補助電力貯蔵装置２１とは、電力変換器２２を介して双方向に電力授受が可能となっている。   With the above configuration, the main power storage device 11 and the vehicle electrical load 30 can exchange power bidirectionally via the power converter 13, and the auxiliary power storage device 21 and the vehicle electrical load 30 are Power can be exchanged in both directions via the power converters 22 and 13. Furthermore, the main power storage device 11 and the auxiliary power storage device 21 can exchange power in both directions via the power converter 22.

このため、電力変換器２２により、各電力貯蔵装置１１，２１の電圧の違いを吸収すると共に、電力変換器１３，２２が電力貯蔵装置１１，２１の入出力電力をそれぞれ独立に制御して車両電気負荷３０との間でやり取りし、車両電気負荷３０の要求に合った電力を電力貯蔵装置１１，２１の特性に合わせて授受することができる。従って、電力を無駄なく授受して効率のよいシステムを構成することができ、電力貯蔵装置１１，２１の劣化を防止して、高信頼性かつ長寿命の駆動システムを構成することが可能である。   Therefore, the power converter 22 absorbs the voltage difference between the power storage devices 11 and 21, and the power converters 13 and 22 independently control the input / output power of the power storage devices 11 and 21, respectively. It is possible to exchange data with the electric load 30 and exchange power corresponding to the requirements of the vehicle electric load 30 according to the characteristics of the power storage devices 11 and 21. Therefore, it is possible to configure an efficient system by transmitting and receiving power without waste, and it is possible to configure a highly reliable and long-life driving system by preventing the power storage devices 11 and 21 from being deteriorated. .

次に、図７は特許文献２に記載された第２の従来技術であり、電気自動車等に適用される電源装置用モジュールを示している。
この電源装置用モジュールは、図７（ａ）に示すように、正負端子間に直列に接続された複数のセル４３と、各セル４３の端子電圧を個別に監視する電圧監視回路４０とを備えている。各セル４３は、図７（ｂ）に示すように、リチウムイオン二次電池４１と、この二次電池４１に並列接続されたリチウムイオンキャパシタ４２とから構成されており、各セル４３の両端電圧を電圧監視回路４０が個別に監視可能である。 Next, FIG. 7 shows a second conventional technique described in Patent Document 2, which shows a power supply module applied to an electric vehicle or the like.
As shown in FIG. 7A, the power supply module includes a plurality of cells 43 connected in series between positive and negative terminals, and a voltage monitoring circuit 40 that individually monitors the terminal voltage of each cell 43. ing. As shown in FIG. 7B, each cell 43 includes a lithium ion secondary battery 41 and a lithium ion capacitor 42 connected in parallel to the secondary battery 41. Can be individually monitored by the voltage monitoring circuit 40.

第２の従来技術では、二次電池４１及びキャパシタ４２からなる各セル４３の電圧を監視して充放電を制御すれば、キャパシタ４２による電流アシスト動作により、起動時に短時間で大電流を供給するような高エネルギーの要求に応えることができる。また、各セル４３の電圧を適正値に制御することにより、充放電の繰り返しに伴う二次電池４１及びキャパシタ４２の劣化を防止し、寿命を延ばすことができる。   In the second prior art, if the voltage of each cell 43 comprising the secondary battery 41 and the capacitor 42 is monitored and charge / discharge is controlled, a large current is supplied in a short time at startup by the current assist operation by the capacitor 42. It can meet such high energy demands. Further, by controlling the voltage of each cell 43 to an appropriate value, it is possible to prevent the secondary battery 41 and the capacitor 42 from being deteriorated due to repeated charging and discharging, and to extend the life.

特開２０１１−１６０６４０号公報（[００１７]〜[００２１]、図１等）Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-160640 ([0017] to [0021], FIG. 1 etc.) 特開２０１１−１０８３７２号公報（[００２７]〜[００３５]、図１等）JP 2011-108372 A ([0027]-[0035], FIG. 1 etc.)

特許文献１に記載された第１の従来技術では、複数の電力変換器１３，２２が必要であるため、これらの制御回路を含めた回路構成が複雑となり、システム全体が高価になると共に大型化するという問題がある。
特許文献２に記載された第２の従来技術では、リチウムイオン二次電池４１とリチウムイオンキャパシタ４２との間で電気エネルギーの分担を制御できないため、短時間での高エネルギーの出力に限界があり、また、回生電力の回収能力が不足するという問題がある。 In the first prior art described in Patent Document 1, since a plurality of power converters 13 and 22 are necessary, the circuit configuration including these control circuits becomes complicated, the entire system becomes expensive and the size increases. There is a problem of doing.
In the second prior art described in Patent Document 2, since the sharing of electric energy cannot be controlled between the lithium ion secondary battery 41 and the lithium ion capacitor 42, there is a limit to the output of high energy in a short time. Also, there is a problem that the regenerative power recovery capability is insufficient.

そこで、本発明の目的は、蓄電装置として二次電池及びキャパシタ等を備えた電動機駆動システムにおいて、比較的簡単な構成により各蓄電装置の特性に合った電力授受を行い、各蓄電装置の劣化を防止しつつ電動機からの回生電力を効率よく回収可能とした電動機駆動システムを提供することにある。
また、本発明の他の目的は、高効率、高信頼性かつ長寿命の電動機駆動システムを比較的安価に提供することにある。 Therefore, an object of the present invention is to transfer power that matches the characteristics of each power storage device with a relatively simple configuration in an electric motor drive system that includes a secondary battery, a capacitor, and the like as the power storage device, and to deteriorate each power storage device. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor drive system capable of efficiently collecting regenerative electric power from an electric motor while preventing it.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a motor drive system having high efficiency, high reliability, and long life at a relatively low cost.

上記の課題を解決するため、請求項１に係る発明は、電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器により電動機を駆動する電動機駆動システムであって、電動機の回生電力を、電力変換器を介して蓄電装置に回収可能な電動機駆動システムを対象としている。
そして、本発明は、第１の蓄電装置と第１のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第１の蓄電ユニットと、第２の蓄電装置と第２のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第２の蓄電ユニットと、を並列に接続し、第１の蓄電ユニットと第２の蓄電ユニットとの並列接続回路の両端を電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、電力変換器の出力側に電動機を接続したものである。
ここで、例えば、第１の蓄電装置には二次電池を用い、第２の蓄電装置にはキャパシタを用いることが望ましい。また、第１，第２のインピーダンス要素にはリアクトルを用い、そのインダクタンスを適宜な値に設定することにより、第１，第２の蓄電ユニットのインピーダンスを異ならせ、各蓄電装置と電動機との間で授受する電気エネルギーの分担を制御することができる。 In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 1 is an electric motor drive system that drives an electric motor by a power converter including a power storage device as a power source, and the regenerative electric power of the electric motor is passed through the electric power converter. It is intended for an electric motor drive system that can be collected in a power storage device.
In the present invention, the first power storage unit in which the first power storage device and the first impedance element are connected in series, the second power storage device and the second impedance element are connected in series. The storage unit is connected in parallel, both ends of the parallel connection circuit of the first storage unit and the second storage unit are connected to the input side of the power converter, and the electric motor is connected to the output side of the power converter It is a thing.
Here, for example, it is desirable to use a secondary battery for the first power storage device and a capacitor for the second power storage device. In addition, by using a reactor for the first and second impedance elements and setting the inductance to an appropriate value, the impedances of the first and second power storage units are made different so that each power storage device and the motor can be connected to each other. It is possible to control the sharing of electrical energy sent and received by.

請求項２に係る発明は、請求項１が対象とする前記電動機駆動システムにおいて、第１の蓄電装置と、第２の蓄電装置とインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した蓄電ユニットと、を並列に接続し、第１の蓄電装置と蓄電ユニットとの並列接続回路の両端を電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、電力変換器の出力側に電動機を接続したものである。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the electric motor drive system targeted by the first aspect, the first power storage device and the power storage unit in which the second power storage device and the impedance element are connected in series are connected in parallel. Then, both ends of the parallel connection circuit of the first power storage device and the power storage unit are connected to the input side of the power converter, and an electric motor is connected to the output side of the power converter.

請求項３に係る発明は、請求項１が対象とする前記電動機駆動システムにおいて、第１の蓄電装置とインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した蓄電ユニットと、第２の蓄電装置と、を並列に接続し、蓄電ユニットと第２の蓄電装置との並列接続回路の両端を電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、電力変換器の出力側に電動機を接続したものである。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the electric motor drive system targeted by the first aspect, a power storage unit in which a first power storage device and an impedance element are connected in series and a second power storage device are connected in parallel. Then, both ends of the parallel connection circuit of the power storage unit and the second power storage device are connected to the input side of the power converter, and an electric motor is connected to the output side of the power converter.

請求項４に係る発明は、請求項１〜３の何れか１項において、前記並列接続回路の一方の接続点と第２の蓄電装置の一端との間に、スイッチ手段を接続したものである。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, a switch means is connected between one connection point of the parallel connection circuit and one end of the second power storage device. .

請求項５に係る発明は、請求項１が対象とする前記電動機駆動システムにおいて、第１の蓄電装置とインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した蓄電ユニットの両端を第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続し、第２の蓄電装置が入力側に接続された第２の電力変換器の出力側を第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、第１の電力変換器の出力側に電動機を接続したものである。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the electric motor drive system targeted by the first aspect, both ends of the power storage unit in which the first power storage device and the impedance element are connected in series are connected to the input side of the first power converter. The second power converter connected to the input side of the second power converter is connected to the input side of the first power converter, and the motor is connected to the output side of the first power converter. Are connected.

請求項６に係る発明は、請求項１が対象とする前記電動機駆動システムにおいて、第１の蓄電装置と第１のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第１の蓄電ユニットの両端を第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続し、第２の蓄電装置と第２のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第２の蓄電ユニットの両端を第２の電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、第２の電力変換器の出力側を第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続したものである。   According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the electric motor drive system targeted by the first aspect, both ends of the first power storage unit in which the first power storage device and the first impedance element are connected in series are connected to the first power. The both ends of the second power storage unit connected to the input side of the converter and connected in series to the second power storage device and the second impedance element are connected to the input side of the second power converter, and the second The output side of the power converter is connected to the input side of the first power converter.

本発明によれば、第１の蓄電装置及び第２の蓄電装置の両方または何れか一方にインピーダンス要素を直列に接続してそのインピーダンスを所定値に設定し、例えば第１の蓄電装置として二次電池を用い、第２の蓄電装置としてキャパシタを用いることにより、二次電池には比較的緩慢な充放電を分担させ、キャパシタには過渡的なパルス状の電気エネルギーの充放電を分担させることができる。
これにより、各蓄電装置の特性に合った電力授受が可能となり、各蓄電装置の劣化を防止しながら電動機の回生電力を効率よく回収することが可能になる。
総じて、本発明によれば、高効率、高信頼性かつ長寿命の電動機駆動システムを実現することができる。 According to the present invention, an impedance element is connected in series to one or both of the first power storage device and the second power storage device, and the impedance is set to a predetermined value. By using a battery and using a capacitor as the second power storage device, the secondary battery can share a relatively slow charge / discharge, and the capacitor can share a transient pulsed charge / discharge of electrical energy. it can.
As a result, it is possible to transfer power that matches the characteristics of each power storage device, and it is possible to efficiently recover the regenerative power of the motor while preventing deterioration of each power storage device.
In general, according to the present invention, a motor drive system with high efficiency, high reliability, and long life can be realized.

本発明の第１実施形態を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２実施形態を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３実施形態を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第４実施形態を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows 4th Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第５実施形態を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows 5th Embodiment of this invention. 第１の従来技術を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows 1st prior art. 第２の従来技術を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows a 2nd prior art.

以下、図に沿って本発明の実施形態を説明する。
図１は、本発明の第１実施形態の構成図である。この第１実施形態に係る電動機駆動システムは、第１の蓄電装置である二次電池５１と第１のインピーダンス要素５２とを直列接続した第１の蓄電ユニット５３と、第２の蓄電装置であるコンデンサ５４と第２のインピーダンス要素５５とを直列接続した第２の蓄電ユニット５６と、これら第１及び第２の蓄電ユニット５３，５６の並列接続回路の両端に入力側が接続された電力変換器５８と、を備えている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention. The motor drive system according to the first embodiment is a first power storage unit 53 in which a secondary battery 51 that is a first power storage device and a first impedance element 52 are connected in series, and a second power storage device. A second power storage unit 56 in which a capacitor 54 and a second impedance element 55 are connected in series, and a power converter 58 in which the input side is connected to both ends of a parallel connection circuit of the first and second power storage units 53 and 56. And.

電力変換器５８の出力側には、電動機５７が接続されている。この電動機５７は、例えば三相の交流電動機であり、電力変換器５８は、第１及び第２の蓄電ユニット５３，５６の並列接続回路と電動機５７との間で直流−交流間の電力変換を行うことにより、電気エネルギーを授受する。
周知のように、電動機５７の力行動作時には、電力変換器５８の蓄電ユニット５３，５６側が電気エネルギーの入力側（電動機５７側が出力側）となり、電動機５８の回生動作時には、電力変換器５８の電動機５７側が入力側（蓄電ユニット５３，５６側が出力側）となる。 An electric motor 57 is connected to the output side of the power converter 58. The motor 57 is, for example, a three-phase AC motor, and the power converter 58 performs DC-AC power conversion between the parallel connection circuit of the first and second power storage units 53 and 56 and the motor 57. Give and receive electrical energy.
As is well known, during the power running operation of the electric motor 57, the power storage units 53 and 56 side of the power converter 58 are on the electric energy input side (the electric motor 57 side is the output side), and during the regenerative operation of the electric motor 58, the electric motor of the power converter 58 The 57 side is the input side (the power storage units 53 and 56 side is the output side).

次に、この第１実施形態の動作を説明する。
電力変換器５８は、二次電池５１またはキャパシタ５４に蓄えられた電力を電動機５７の力行動作時に駆動エネルギーとして活用する。また、回生動作時には、電動機５７から電力を回収し、二次電池５１またはキャパシタ５４に電気エネルギーとして蓄積する。
一般的に、二次電池はエネルギー密度が高く、比較的緩慢な充放電の繰り返しに強いが、過渡的なパルス状のエネルギーの充放電には弱い傾向がある。他方、キャパシタは短い周期の繰り返し充放電に強く、特に過渡的なパルス状のエネルギーの充放電には強いが、エネルギー密度が低く、電気エネルギーの蓄積能力が低い傾向にある。よって、これらの蓄電装置を並列に接続して両者の特徴を活かすことで、装置全体としての効率の向上や寿命の延長を図ることができる。 Next, the operation of the first embodiment will be described.
The power converter 58 uses the electric power stored in the secondary battery 51 or the capacitor 54 as drive energy during the power running operation of the electric motor 57. Further, during the regenerative operation, electric power is collected from the electric motor 57 and stored as electric energy in the secondary battery 51 or the capacitor 54.
Generally, a secondary battery has a high energy density and is resistant to relatively slow repetitive charge / discharge, but tends to be weak to transient pulsed energy charge / discharge. On the other hand, a capacitor is strong against repeated charge and discharge of a short cycle, and particularly strong to charge and discharge of transient pulsed energy, but has a low energy density and a low electric energy storage capacity. Therefore, by connecting these power storage devices in parallel and taking advantage of the characteristics of both, it is possible to improve the efficiency and extend the life of the entire device.

しかし、二種類の蓄電装置を単純に並列接続しただけでは、各蓄電装置の特性に合わせた電気エネルギーの分担を行うことができない。電気エネルギーの分担を適切に実施するためには、図６に示した従来技術のように、各蓄電装置に対応させて電力変換器１３，２２を設け、これらの電力変換器１３，２２によりそれぞれ独立してエネルギーの授受を制御する必要がある。しかしながら、このような構成では、前述したごとく電力変換器の台数が多くなって回路構成が複雑化し、システムの大型化、高価格化を招く。   However, simply by connecting two types of power storage devices in parallel, it is not possible to share electric energy according to the characteristics of each power storage device. In order to appropriately share electric energy, as in the prior art shown in FIG. 6, power converters 13 and 22 are provided corresponding to each power storage device, and these power converters 13 and 22 respectively. It is necessary to control the transfer of energy independently. However, in such a configuration, as described above, the number of power converters increases and the circuit configuration becomes complicated, leading to an increase in the size and cost of the system.

そこで、蓄電装置が授受するエネルギー成分に関し、過渡的なパルス状の成分は、その多くをキャパシタ５４側が授受するように、第１のインピーダンス要素５２を二次電池５１に直列に接続し、第２のインピーダンス要素５５をキャパシタ５４に直列に接続すると共に、これらのインピーダンス要素５２，５５のインピーダンスを所定値に設定する。
ここで、インピーダンス要素５２，５５としては、例えば、リアクトルが考えられる。過渡的なパルス状のエネルギー成分の角周波数をωとし、第１のインピーダンス要素５２のインダクタンスをＬ１、第２のインピーダンス要素５５のインダクタンスをＬ２とした場合、インダクタンスＬ１，Ｌ２の関係を数式１のように設定すると、角周波数ωに関わらず、第２のインピーダンス要素５５のインピーダンスＺ２（＝ω・Ｌ２）は第１のインピーダンス要素５２のインピーダンスＺ１（＝ω・Ｌ１）より常に小さくなる。
［数式１］
Ｌ１ ＞ Ｌ２ Therefore, with respect to the energy component exchanged by the power storage device, the first impedance element 52 is connected in series to the secondary battery 51 so that most of the transient pulse-like component is exchanged by the capacitor 54 side. Are connected in series to the capacitor 54, and the impedances of these impedance elements 52 and 55 are set to a predetermined value.
Here, as the impedance elements 52 and 55, for example, a reactor can be considered. The angular frequency of the transient pulsed energy component and omega, the inductance of the first impedance element 52 L 1, if the inductance of the second impedance element 55 was set to L 2, the inductance L 1, L 2 relationship Is set as in Equation 1, regardless of the angular frequency ω, the impedance Z 2 (= ω · L 2 ) of the second impedance element 55 is the impedance Z 1 (= ω · L 1 ) of the first impedance element 52. ) Always smaller.
[Formula 1]
L 1 > L 2

これにより、蓄電装置（二次電池５１及びキャパシタ５４）と電動機５７との間で授受される電気エネルギーについては、過渡的なパルス状のエネルギー成分の多くをキャパシタ５４側で授受することができる。
従って、この実施形態によれば、比較的簡単な回路構成により、キャパシタ５４側がより多くの過渡的なパルス状のエネルギー成分を授受するようになり、その分、二次電池５１に対してはパルス状のエネルギー成分を授受する責務を軽減して二次電池５１の劣化を防止することができる。しかも、二次電池とキャパシタとを単に並列接続した回路に比べてより多くの電気エネルギーを授受できるため、システム全体の長寿命化や高効率化が可能である。 Thereby, as for the electrical energy exchanged between the power storage device (secondary battery 51 and capacitor 54) and the electric motor 57, most of the transient pulse-like energy component can be exchanged on the capacitor 54 side.
Therefore, according to this embodiment, with a relatively simple circuit configuration, the capacitor 54 side receives and transfers more transient pulse-like energy components, and accordingly, the secondary battery 51 is pulsed. Therefore, the secondary battery 51 can be prevented from being deteriorated by reducing the duty of transferring the energy component. In addition, since a larger amount of electrical energy can be transferred compared to a circuit in which a secondary battery and a capacitor are simply connected in parallel, the life of the entire system can be extended and the efficiency can be increased.

次に、図２は本発明の第２実施形態を示す構成図である。
第２実施形態は、図１における第１の蓄電ユニット５３から第１のインピーダンス要素５２を除去した構成に相当し、コンデンサ５４とインピーダンス要素５５とを直列接続した蓄電ユニット５６と、二次電池５１とが並列に接続され、その並列接続回路の両端が電力変換器５８の入力側に接続されている。
また、図３は、本発明の第３実施形態を示す構成図である。
この第３実施形態は、図１における第２の蓄電ユニット５６から第２のインピーダンス要素５５を除去した構成に相当し、二次電池５１とインピーダンス要素５２とを直列接続した蓄電ユニット５３と、コンデンサ５４とが並列に接続され、その並列接続回路の両端が電力変換器５８の入力側に接続されている。
図２，図３において、他の構成は図１と同様であり、インピーダンス要素５５，５２には、例えば前記同様にリアクトルを用いればよい。 Next, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
The second embodiment corresponds to a configuration in which the first impedance element 52 is removed from the first power storage unit 53 in FIG. 1, and a power storage unit 56 in which a capacitor 54 and an impedance element 55 are connected in series, and a secondary battery 51. Are connected in parallel, and both ends of the parallel connection circuit are connected to the input side of the power converter 58.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
This third embodiment corresponds to a configuration in which the second impedance element 55 is removed from the second power storage unit 56 in FIG. 1, and a power storage unit 53 in which a secondary battery 51 and an impedance element 52 are connected in series, and a capacitor 54 is connected in parallel, and both ends of the parallel connection circuit are connected to the input side of the power converter 58.
2 and 3, other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1. For the impedance elements 55 and 52, for example, a reactor may be used as described above.

第２実施形態、第３実施形態においては、キャパシタ５４側にパルス状の電流が流れ易くなるように、インピーダンス要素５５または５２のインピーダンスを設定する。これにより、第１実施形態と同様に、キャパシタ５４側により多くの過渡的なパルス状の電気エネルギーを授受させることができ、二次電池５１の劣化を防止することができる。   In the second embodiment and the third embodiment, the impedance of the impedance element 55 or 52 is set so that a pulsed current easily flows on the capacitor 54 side. As a result, as in the first embodiment, more transient pulsed electric energy can be transferred to the capacitor 54 side, and the secondary battery 51 can be prevented from deteriorating.

図４は、本発明の第４実施形態を示す構成図である。
この第４実施形態では、図１における第１，第２の蓄電ユニット５３，５６の並列接続回路の一方の接続点と、キャパシタ５４の一端との間に、例えば半導体スイッチ等からなるスイッチ手段５９が接続されている。その他の構成は図１と同様である。この実施形態は、第２の蓄電ユニット５６内のキャパシタ５４として、リチウムイオンキャパシタのように使用下限電圧を有する素子を使用する場合に有効である。 FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
In the fourth embodiment, a switch means 59 made of, for example, a semiconductor switch is provided between one connection point of the parallel connection circuit of the first and second power storage units 53 and 56 in FIG. Is connected. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG. This embodiment is effective in the case where an element having a use lower limit voltage such as a lithium ion capacitor is used as the capacitor 54 in the second power storage unit 56.

図４において、スイッチ手段５９を閉じてキャパシタ５４から電力変換器５８を介して電動機５７へ電気エネルギーを供給している場合、キャパシタ５４の電圧が使用下限電圧よりやや高めの設定値に達した時点でスイッチ手段５９を開放する。これにより、キャパシタ５４の電圧が使用下限電圧を下回る前に、キャパシタ５４からの電力供給を遮断してキャパシタ５４の電圧が使用下限電圧より低下するのを防止することができる。
これにより、キャパシタ５４の劣化や破損を防ぎ、システム全体の信頼性向上、長寿命化が可能になる。 In FIG. 4, when the switch means 59 is closed and electric energy is supplied from the capacitor 54 to the electric motor 57 via the power converter 58, the time when the voltage of the capacitor 54 reaches a set value slightly higher than the use lower limit voltage. Then, the switch means 59 is opened. Thereby, before the voltage of the capacitor 54 falls below the use lower limit voltage, the power supply from the capacitor 54 is cut off, and the voltage of the capacitor 54 can be prevented from dropping below the use lower limit voltage.
As a result, the deterioration and damage of the capacitor 54 can be prevented, and the reliability of the entire system can be improved and the life can be extended.

次いで、図５は本発明の第５実施形態を示す構成図である。
この第５実施形態は、図１における第２の蓄電ユニット５６に代えて、キャパシタ５４が入力側に接続された第２の電力変換器６０の出力側を第１の電力変換器５８の入力側に接続したものである。 Next, FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
In the fifth embodiment, instead of the second power storage unit 56 in FIG. 1, the output side of the second power converter 60 to which the capacitor 54 is connected on the input side is the input side of the first power converter 58. Is connected to.

図５において、電力変換器６０の動作により、キャパシタ５４と電力変換器５８の入力側との間で授受される電気エネルギーを制御することができる。また、キャパシタ５４として使用下限電圧を有するリチウムイオンキャパシタ等を用いた場合には、電力変換器６０の半導体スイッチをオフしてキャパシタ５４からの電力供給を遮断することが可能であるため、電力変換器６０により、図４のスイッチ手段５９と同様な動作を行わせることもできる。
この第５実施形態によれば、キャパシタ５４に対する一層効果的なエネルギーマネージメントが可能であり、キャパシタ５４の劣化や破損を防止してシステム全体の信頼性向上、長寿命化が可能になる。 In FIG. 5, the electric energy exchanged between the capacitor 54 and the input side of the power converter 58 can be controlled by the operation of the power converter 60. Further, when a lithium ion capacitor or the like having a lower limit voltage is used as the capacitor 54, it is possible to turn off the semiconductor switch of the power converter 60 and cut off the power supply from the capacitor 54. The device 60 can perform the same operation as the switch means 59 of FIG.
According to the fifth embodiment, more effective energy management for the capacitor 54 is possible, and deterioration and breakage of the capacitor 54 can be prevented, thereby improving the reliability of the entire system and extending its life.

なお、図示されていないが、図５のキャパシタ５４に直列に第２のインピーダンス要素５５を接続して第２の蓄電ユニット５６を構成し、その両端を電力変換器６０の入力側に接続してもよい。   Although not shown, a second power storage unit 56 is configured by connecting a second impedance element 55 in series with the capacitor 54 of FIG. 5, and both ends thereof are connected to the input side of the power converter 60. Also good.

本発明は、電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車等の車両に搭載される電動機、または、工場やビル等に設置される各種動力源としての電動機の駆動システムに利用することができる。   The present invention can be used for an electric motor mounted on a vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, or an electric motor drive system as various power sources installed in a factory, a building, or the like.

５１ 二次電池
５２ 第１のインピーダンス要素
５３ 第１の蓄電ユニット
５４ キャパシタ
５５ 第２のインピーダンス要素
５６ 第２の蓄電ユニット
５７ 電動機
５８ 電力変換器
５９ スイッチ回路
６０ 電力変換器 51 Secondary battery 52 1st impedance element 53 1st electrical storage unit 54 Capacitor 55 2nd impedance element 56 2nd electrical storage unit 57 Electric motor 58 Power converter 59 Switch circuit 60 Power converter

Claims (7)

電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器により電動機を駆動する電動機駆動システムであって、前記電動機の回生電力を、前記電力変換器を介して前記蓄電装置に回収可能な電動機駆動システムにおいて、
第１の蓄電装置と第１のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第１の蓄電ユニットと、第２の蓄電装置と第２のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第２の蓄電ユニットと、を並列に接続し、
前記第１の蓄電ユニットと第２の蓄電ユニットとの並列接続回路の両端を前記電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、前記電力変換器の出力側に前記電動機を接続したことを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In an electric motor drive system that drives an electric motor with a power converter provided with a power storage device as a power source, the regenerative power of the electric motor can be collected in the power storage device via the power converter,
A first power storage unit in which a first power storage device and a first impedance element are connected in series, and a second power storage unit in which a second power storage device and a second impedance element are connected in series are connected in parallel. Connected to
Both ends of a parallel connection circuit of the first power storage unit and the second power storage unit are connected to the input side of the power converter, and the electric motor is connected to the output side of the power converter. Electric motor drive system. 電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器により電動機を駆動する電動機駆動システムであって、前記電動機の回生電力を、前記電力変換器を介して前記蓄電装置に回収可能な電動機駆動システムにおいて、
第１の蓄電装置と、第２の蓄電装置とインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した蓄電ユニットと、を並列に接続し、
前記第１の蓄電装置と前記蓄電ユニットとの並列接続回路の両端を前記電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、前記電力変換器の出力側に前記電動機を接続したことを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In an electric motor drive system that drives an electric motor with a power converter provided with a power storage device as a power source, the regenerative power of the electric motor can be collected in the power storage device via the power converter,
Connecting the first power storage device and the power storage unit in which the second power storage device and the impedance element are connected in series;
Both ends of a parallel connection circuit of the first power storage device and the power storage unit are connected to the input side of the power converter, and the motor is connected to the output side of the power converter system. 電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器により電動機を駆動する電動機駆動システムであって、前記電動機の回生電力を、前記電力変換器を介して前記蓄電装置に回収可能な電動機駆動システムにおいて、
第１の蓄電装置とインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した蓄電ユニットと、第２の蓄電装置と、を並列に接続し、
前記蓄電ユニットと前記第２の蓄電装置との並列接続回路の両端を前記電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、前記電力変換器の出力側に前記電動機を接続したことを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In an electric motor drive system that drives an electric motor with a power converter provided with a power storage device as a power source, the regenerative power of the electric motor can be collected in the power storage device via the power converter,
A power storage unit in which a first power storage device and an impedance element are connected in series and a second power storage device are connected in parallel,
Both ends of a parallel connection circuit of the power storage unit and the second power storage device are connected to the input side of the power converter, and the motor is connected to the output side of the power converter system. 請求項１〜３の何れか１項に記載した電動機駆動システムにおいて、
前記並列接続回路の一方の接続点と前記第２の蓄電装置の一端との間に、スイッチ手段を介在させたことを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In the electric motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
An electric motor drive system, characterized in that a switch means is interposed between one connection point of the parallel connection circuit and one end of the second power storage device. 電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器により電動機を駆動する電動機駆動システムであって、前記電動機の回生電力を、前記電力変換器を介して前記蓄電装置に回収可能な電動機駆動システムにおいて、
第１の蓄電装置とインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した蓄電ユニットの両端を第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続し、第２の蓄電装置が入力側に接続された第２の電力変換器の出力側を前記第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、
前記第１の電力変換器の出力側に前記電動機を接続したことを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In an electric motor drive system that drives an electric motor with a power converter provided with a power storage device as a power source, the regenerative power of the electric motor can be collected in the power storage device via the power converter,
A second power converter in which both ends of a power storage unit in which the first power storage device and the impedance element are connected in series are connected to the input side of the first power converter, and the second power storage device is connected to the input side And connecting the output side of the first power converter to the input side of the first power converter,
An electric motor drive system, wherein the electric motor is connected to an output side of the first power converter. 電源として蓄電装置を備えた電力変換器により電動機を駆動する電動機駆動システムであって、前記電動機の回生電力を、前記電力変換器を介して前記蓄電装置に回収可能な電動機駆動システムにおいて、
第１の蓄電装置と第１のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第１の蓄電ユニットの両端を第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続し、第２の蓄電装置と第２のインピーダンス要素とを直列に接続した第２の蓄電ユニットの両端を第２の電力変換器の入力側に接続すると共に、前記第２の電力変換器の出力側を前記第１の電力変換器の入力側に接続し、
前記第１の電力変換器の出力側に前記電動機を接続したことを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In an electric motor drive system that drives an electric motor with a power converter provided with a power storage device as a power source, the regenerative power of the electric motor can be collected in the power storage device via the power converter,
Both ends of the first power storage unit in which the first power storage device and the first impedance element are connected in series are connected to the input side of the first power converter, and the second power storage device, the second impedance element, Are connected to the input side of the second power converter, and the output side of the second power converter is connected to the input side of the first power converter. And
An electric motor drive system, wherein the electric motor is connected to an output side of the first power converter. 請求項１〜６の何れか１項に記載した電動機駆動システムにおいて、
第１の蓄電装置が二次電池であり、第２の蓄電装置がキャパシタであることを特徴とする電動機駆動システム。 In the motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
An electric motor drive system, wherein the first power storage device is a secondary battery, and the second power storage device is a capacitor.
JP2012224992A 2012-10-10 2012-10-10 Motor driving system Pending JP2014079078A (en)

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