JP2014068437A - External power supply controller of fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To secure desired power generation efficiency and power suppliable time of a fuel cell stack in supplying power to external equipment of a vehicle.SOLUTION: An ECU (Electronic Control Unit) comprises: a current-voltage characteristics conversion section (in non-poisoning) 61A which estimates output voltage corresponding to actual FC (Fuel Cell) current IF of a fuel cell stack on the basis of output characteristics in response to output characteristic degradation information of the fuel cell stack in a non-poisoning state; and a recovery processing necessity determination section 61D which detects the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack on the basis of actual FC voltage VF of the fuel cell stack and an FC voltage estimated value (in non-poisoning) VF0 estimated by the current-voltage characteristics conversion section (in non-poisoning) 61A. The ECU controls a recovery action which cancels the poisoning state detected by the recovery processing necessity determination section 61D.

Description

  The present invention relates to an external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle.

  Conventionally, for example, a power supply system that allows a stationary power supply system (external power supply system) including an inverter to be detachable from a fuel cell vehicle including a fuel cell and a storage battery, and supplies power from the fuel cell and the storage battery to the inverter. Is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-325392 A

By the way, according to the power supply system according to the above-described prior art, when power is supplied to the external power feeding system while the fuel cell vehicle is stopped, compared to when power is supplied to the driving motor or the like during operation of the fuel cell vehicle, There is a case where the power generation state is maintained in a load region where the poisoning of the fuel cell easily proceeds for a long time. In addition, compared with power supply during operation of the fuel cell vehicle, when power is supplied to the external power supply system while the fuel cell vehicle is stopped, the fuel cell cannot be cooled by the traveling wind and the temperature of the fuel cell is likely to rise. Therefore, the deterioration of the fuel cell may proceed due to this temperature rise.
In response to the occurrence of these problems, the fuel cell poisoning degradation and the temperature rise degradation are distinguished from each other, and an appropriate countermeasure is applied to each degradation, so that the desired power generation efficiency and power supply of the fuel cell are applied. It is desired to secure a possible time.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides an external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle capable of ensuring desired power generation efficiency and power supply possible time of a fuel cell stack when power is supplied to equipment outside the vehicle. It is intended to provide.

  In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, an external power feeding control device (for example, the external power feeding control device 1 in the embodiment) of the fuel cell vehicle according to the first invention of the present invention has an anode (for example, A fuel cell stack (for example, in the embodiment) that generates electricity by the fuel (for example, hydrogen in the embodiment) and air supplied to the cathode (for example, cathode 21C in the embodiment) supplied to the anode 21A) in the embodiment The fuel cell stack 21), fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the fuel cell stack (for example, the hydrogen tank 107, the first hydrogen supply valve 109, and the second hydrogen supply valve 111 in the embodiment), and the fuel An air pump for supplying the air to the battery stack (for example, the air pump 26 in the embodiment); Output voltage detection means for detecting the output voltage of the fuel cell stack (for example, FC voltage sensor 80A in the embodiment), and a power storage device that can exchange energy with the fuel cell stack (for example, battery 22 in the embodiment) A driving motor driven by electric power of the fuel cell stack and the power storage device (for example, the driving motor 24 in the embodiment), and electric power of the fuel cell stack and the power storage device are connected to a device outside the vehicle (for example, A power supply circuit (for example, power supply port 11a in the embodiment) that can be supplied to the external power supply apparatus 12 and the external load 13) in the embodiment, and a control unit (for example, the ECU 61 in the embodiment) are provided, and the control The means is based on the output characteristics corresponding to the output characteristic deterioration information in the non-poisoned state of the fuel cell stack. Output voltage estimating means for estimating an output voltage corresponding to the actual output state of the fuel cell stack (for example, the actual FC current IF in the embodiment) (for example, the current-voltage characteristic converter (non-covered) in the embodiment). 61A), the detected value of the output voltage detected by the output voltage detecting means (for example, the actual FC voltage VF in the embodiment), and the estimation of the output voltage estimated by the output voltage estimating means Based on the value (for example, the FC voltage estimated value (non-poisoned) VF0 in the embodiment), the poisoning state detection means for detecting the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack (for example, the recovery process in the embodiment) Necessity determination unit 61D) and recovery control means for controlling the recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state detected by the poisoning state detection means (for example, in the embodiment) Step S17).

  Furthermore, in the external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to the second aspect of the present invention, the control means obtains impedance of the fuel cell stack as the output characteristic deterioration information (for example, in the embodiment). In step S03), the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack without deterioration are corrected based on the impedance acquired by the impedance acquisition means, whereby the fuel cell stack in the non-poisoned state is corrected. Output characteristic acquisition means for acquiring output characteristics according to impedance (for example, the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (when not poisoned) 61A in the embodiment also serves as).

  Furthermore, in the external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to a third aspect of the present invention, the control means acquires required load acquisition means (for example, a load required when power is supplied from the power supply circuit to the device) Based on the load acquired by the recovery processing request threshold output unit 61C) and the required load acquisition means in the embodiment, the poisoning state according to the time when the power supply from the power supply circuit is executed to the device is performed. Threshold acquisition means for predicting a change and acquiring a threshold (for example, a recovery processing request threshold DTH in the embodiment) for the amount of decrease in the output voltage according to the change in the poisoning state (for example, a recovery process in the embodiment) The poisoning state detection unit is configured such that the difference between the detected value of the output voltage and the estimated value of the output voltage is determined by the threshold acquisition unit. By determining whether or not exceeded the acquired threshold Te, detects the presence or absence of the poisoned state of control is required of the recovery operation.

  According to the external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to the first aspect of the present invention, the deterioration of the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack is changed into the deterioration according to the output characteristic deterioration information in the non-poisoned state and the poisoned state. It is possible to accurately detect the poisoning state by appropriately distinguishing from the corresponding deterioration. As a result, the recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state can be appropriately controlled with respect to the deterioration depending on the poisoning state among the deterioration of the fuel cell stack, and the deterioration due to the poisoning of the fuel cell stack can be prevented. By recovering, it is possible to secure desired power generation efficiency and power supply possible time.

  According to the external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to the second aspect of the present invention, for example, the deterioration of the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack due to an impedance that increases in accordance with the temperature state of the fuel cell stack, for example, can be properly grasped. can do. Thereby, the output characteristics deteriorated according to the impedance in the non-poisoned state among the deterioration of the fuel cell stack can be obtained with high accuracy.

According to the external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to the third aspect of the present invention, the poisoning state is predicted by predicting the change in the poisoning state according to the time when power is supplied from the power supply circuit to the device. A desired appropriate threshold can be set with respect to the amount of decrease in the output voltage in accordance with the change in.
As a result, for example, the recovery operation can be appropriately controlled at a desired timing such as a timing before the poisoning state exceeds a predetermined level, and deterioration due to poisoning of the fuel cell stack can be accurately performed. By recovering, it is possible to secure desired power generation efficiency and power supply possible time.

It is a lineblock diagram of an electric supply system concerning an embodiment of the invention. 1 is a configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows a part of structure of ECU of the fuel cell vehicle which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the output characteristic (current voltage characteristic) of the fuel cell stack which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the change of the catalyst poisoning current voltage characteristic fall amount according to the external request | requirement load of the fuel cell stack which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the change of the recovery process request | requirement threshold value according to the external request | requirement load of the fuel cell stack which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing the example of change of the amount of degradation according to the cyclic voltammetry figure of the fuel cell stack concerning an embodiment of the invention, and cell voltage. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the external electric power feeding control apparatus of the fuel cell vehicle which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a response | compatibility with the external request | requirement load of a fuel cell stack, an impedance, and an output voltage during the external electric power feeding of the electric power feeding system which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and driving | running | working.

  Hereinafter, an external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  An external power supply control device 1 for a fuel cell vehicle according to the present embodiment is mounted on a fuel cell vehicle 11 constituting a power supply system 10 as shown in FIG. 1, for example, and the power supply system 10 is, for example, a fuel cell vehicle 11. And an external power feeding device 12 provided separately from the fuel cell vehicle 11, and supplies electric power to an external load 13 such as an external AC device.

The external power supply control device 1 of the fuel cell vehicle includes, for example, a power supply port 11a connected to the power source of the fuel cell vehicle 11 in the trunk room at the rear of the fuel cell vehicle 11 and the external power supply device 12 in the trunk room. It can be mounted on.
The external power supply device 12 includes, for example, a power supply connector 12 a that is detachably fitted to a power supply port 11 a provided in the fuel cell vehicle 11.
The power supply connector 12a includes, for example, a plurality of connector pins that can be electrically connected to a plurality of terminals provided in the power supply port 11a.

  In the fuel cell vehicle 11 and the external power supply device 12, the power supply connector 12a of the external power supply device 12 is fitted into the power supply port 11a of the fuel cell vehicle 11, and the power supply connector is connected to a plurality of terminals of the power supply port 11a along with this fitting. Electrical connection is established by connecting a plurality of connector pins 12a.

  The external power supply device 12 includes, for example, a power output unit 12b that can be electrically connected to the external load 13, and converts the DC power of the fuel cell vehicle 11 input from the power supply connector 12a into AC power. The converted AC power can be supplied to the external load 13 from the power output unit 12b.

  The external power supply control device 1 for a fuel cell vehicle includes, for example, a fuel cell stack 21, a battery 22, a voltage regulator (VCU) 23, a travel motor 24, a power drive unit (PDU) 25, an air pump 26, Air pump inverter (APINV) 27, downverter (DV) 28, 12V battery 29, battery precharge unit 30 and battery contactor unit 31, external power supply precharge unit 32 and external power supply contactor unit 33, and control device 34.

  The fuel cell stack 21 includes, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte membrane composed of a cation exchange membrane, a fuel electrode (anode) 21A composed of an anode catalyst and a gas diffusion layer, and an oxygen electrode (cathode) composed of a cathode catalyst and a gas diffusion layer. ) An electrolyte electrode structure sandwiched between 21C and a plurality of fuel battery cells sandwiched between a pair of separators are laminated. And the laminated body of the fuel cell is pinched | interposed from the both sides of the lamination direction by a pair of end plate.

Air, which is an oxidant gas (reaction gas) containing oxygen, can be supplied from the air pump 26 to the cathode 21C of the fuel cell stack 21, and a fuel tank (reaction gas) containing hydrogen is supplied to the anode 21A with a high-pressure hydrogen tank ( (Not shown).
Then, when the reaction gas is supplied, hydrogen ionized by the catalytic reaction on the anode catalyst of the anode 21A moves to the cathode 21C through the moderately humidified solid polymer electrolyte membrane, and is generated along with this movement. Electrons are taken out to an external circuit and generate DC power. At this time, at the cathode 21C, hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen react to generate water.

  The battery 22 is, for example, a high-voltage lithium ion type secondary battery, and is connected to the fuel cell stack 21 via a voltage regulator 23.

The voltage regulator 23 includes, for example, a DC-DC converter and the like, and performs voltage regulation for power exchange between the fuel cell stack 21 and the battery 22.
The voltage regulator 23 includes, for example, a smoothing capacitor 23a on the battery 22 side.

The traveling motor 24 is, for example, a U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase three-phase DC brushless motor, and is capable of powering operation and power generation operation according to control by the power drive unit 25.
For example, the traveling motor 24 performs a power running operation by applying an alternating phase current to the coils of each phase, and drives the drive wheels W via the transmission (T / M) 24a. Further, when the fuel cell vehicle 11 is decelerated, a driving force is transmitted from the driving wheel side to perform a power generation operation (regenerative operation) and output generated power (regenerative power).

  The power drive unit 25 includes, for example, a bridge circuit formed by bridge connection using a plurality of switching elements such as transistors, and an inverter using pulse width modulation (PWM) including a smoothing capacitor.

  For example, during the power running operation of the traveling motor 24, the inverter switches on (conductive) / off (blocked) each switching element that forms a pair for each phase based on the PWM signal output from the control device 34. As a result, the DC power supplied from the battery 22 via the voltage regulator 23 or the DC power supplied from the fuel cell stack 21 is converted into three-phase AC power and energized to the coils of each phase of the traveling motor 24. Are sequentially commutated to energize each phase current of AC.

  On the other hand, for example, during power generation operation of the traveling motor 24, the inverter turns each switching element on (conductive) / off (cut off) in accordance with a gate signal synchronized based on the rotation angle of the rotor of the traveling motor 24. The AC generated power output from the traveling motor 24 is converted into DC power.

  The air pump 26 is, for example, an electric compressor including a pump driving motor (not shown) that is rotationally driven by AC power output from the air pump inverter 27. The air pump 26 takes in air from the outside and compresses the compressed air. To the cathode of the fuel cell stack 21 as a reaction gas.

  The air pump inverter 27 is, for example, a pulse width modulation (PWM) PWM inverter or the like, and based on a control signal output from the control device 34, direct current power or fuel supplied from the battery 22 via the voltage regulator 23. The pump drive motor of the air pump 26 is rotationally driven by the DC power supplied from the battery stack 21 to control the rotation speed of the pump drive motor.

  The downverter 28 includes, for example, a DC-DC converter or the like, and converts a high voltage between the terminals of the battery 22 or a high voltage applied from the fuel cell stack 21 via the voltage regulator 23 to a predetermined low voltage (12 V). The 12V battery 29 is charged with the predetermined voltage power after step-down.

  The 12V battery 29 outputs, for example, low-voltage predetermined voltage power for driving an electric load including the control device 34 and various auxiliary machines.

The battery precharge unit 30 and the battery contactor unit 31 are provided between the battery 22, the voltage regulator 23, and the downverter 28, for example.
The battery precharge unit 30 includes, for example, a precharge contactor 41 and a precharge resistor 42 connected in series.

The battery contactor unit 31 includes, for example, a positive battery contactor 43 connected to the positive terminal of the battery 22 in the high voltage line (HV +) on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell vehicle 11 and a battery 22 in the high voltage line (HV−) on the negative electrode side. And a negative electrode side battery contactor 44 connected to the negative electrode terminal.
The battery precharge unit 30 is connected to both ends of the positive battery contactor 43 (that is, in parallel to the positive battery contactor 43).

The external power supply precharge unit 32 and the external power supply contactor unit 33 are provided, for example, between the battery precharge unit 30 and the battery contactor unit 31 and the power supply port 11a.
The external power feeding precharge unit 32 includes, for example, a precharge contactor 51 and a precharge resistor 52 connected in series.

The external power supply contactor 33 includes, for example, a positive-side external power supply contactor 53 connected to the positive-side battery contactor 43 in the positive-side high-voltage line (HV +) of the fuel cell vehicle 11 and a negative-side high-voltage line (HV−). A negative-side external power supply contactor 54 connected to the negative-side battery contactor 44.
The external power supply precharge unit 32 is connected to both ends of the positive electrode side external power supply contactor 53 (that is, connected in parallel to the positive electrode side external power supply contactor 53).

  And each contactor 41,43,44,51,53,54 can switch conduction | electrical_connection and interruption | blocking based on the control signal output from the control apparatus 34, for example.

  The control device 34 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 61 configured by an electronic circuit such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit).

The ECU 61 controls the power running operation and the power generation operation of the traveling motor 24 by controlling the power conversion operation of the power drive unit 25, for example.
For example, the ECU 61 calculates the target torque of the travel motor 24 based on signals output from various sensors, switches, and the like so that the torque actually output from the travel motor 24 matches the target torque. The feedback control for the current supplied to the traveling motor 24 is performed.

  The ECU 61 controls the reaction to the fuel cell stack 21 by controlling the power conversion operation of the air pump inverter 27, the opening and closing of various valves provided in the reaction gas flow path, the voltage adjustment operation of the voltage regulator 23, and the like. The gas supply and the power generation amount (generated power) of the fuel cell stack 21 are controlled.

  The ECU 61 controls, for example, monitoring and protection of the high-voltage equipment system including the battery 22 based on, for example, signals output from various sensors and switches, and further, a signal output from the inverter control device 82.

  For example, the ECU 61 uses the fuel cell vehicle 11 based on command signals such as an ignition switch 71 and a power switch 72 and detection signals such as a speed sensor 73, an accelerator pedal opening sensor 74, and a brake pedal switch (not shown). Control the operating state of

The ignition switch 71 outputs a command signal (IGSW) instructing start and stop of the fuel cell vehicle 11 according to the operation of the driver.
Further, the power switch 72 outputs a command signal (PSW) instructing activation of the fuel cell stack 21 (for example, activation of the air pump 26, etc.) according to the operation of the driver.

The speed sensor 73 detects the speed of the fuel cell vehicle 11.
The accelerator pedal opening sensor 74 detects the stroke amount (accelerator opening) of the accelerator pedal according to the depression of the accelerator pedal by the driver.
The brake pedal switch detects whether the driver has operated the brake pedal.

Further, for example, the ECU 61 detects each detection signal of the battery voltage sensor 75 that detects the voltage (battery voltage) VB between the terminals of the battery 22, the battery current sensor 76 that detects the current IB, and the battery temperature sensor 77 that detects the temperature TB. Based on this, various state quantities such as remaining capacity SOC (State Of Charge) are calculated.
Then, based on the various state quantities calculated, the battery precharge unit 30 and the battery contactor unit 31 are controlled to be turned on and off, thereby controlling the charging and discharging of the battery 22.

Further, the ECU 61 controls the power feeding to the external power feeding device 12 connected to the fuel cell vehicle 11 and the power conversion operation of the external power feeding device 12, and detects whether the external power feeding device 12 is abnormal.
For example, the ECU 61 controls power feeding to the external power feeding device 12 by controlling conduction and interruption of the external power feeding precharge unit 32 and the external power feeding contactor unit 33.

  Note that the ECU 61 is connected to a meter 78 made up of instruments for displaying various states of the fuel cell vehicle 11 together with various sensors and switches.

  Further, for example, the ECU 61 detects the output voltage (actual FC voltage) VF of the fuel cell stack 21, the FC voltage sensor 80A that detects the output current (actual FC current) IF, and the impedance that detects the impedance IM. Based on detection signals of the sensor 80C and a fifth temperature sensor 122e described later, the state (for example, a deterioration state) of the fuel cell stack 21 is detected. Based on the detected state, the operation of the fuel cell stack 21 is controlled.

  For example, the impedance sensor 80C detects the impedance IM from the voltage behavior when a current having a constant frequency is supplied to the fuel cell stack 21.

  The external power supply device 12 includes, for example, at least one inverter 81 and an inverter control device 82.

The inverter 81 includes, for example, a bridge circuit formed by a bridge connection using a plurality of switching elements such as transistors and a smoothing capacitor. Based on a switching command signal output from the inverter control device 82, each switching element is turned on (conducted). ) / Off (blocking). Thus, direct current supplied from the power source of the fuel cell vehicle 11 (for example, the fuel cell stack 21 and the battery 22) via the power supply connector 12a fitted to the power supply port 11a provided in the fuel cell vehicle 11. The power can be converted into AC power, and the converted AC power can be supplied to the external load 13.
The inverter 81 is connected to the external power supply contactor unit 33 through, for example, a smoothing capacitor 81a.

  The inverter control device 82 is operated by, for example, control power supplied from the ECU 61 of the fuel cell vehicle 11, and in response to various command signals output from the ECU 61, the inverter 81 and the power supply connector 12 a electromagnetically. The power supply to the external load 13 is controlled by controlling the operation of the lock 83.

The input terminal on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the inverter 81 is connected to the power supply port 11a of the fuel cell vehicle 11 by the power supply connector 12a of the external power supply device 12, and the fuel cell vehicle via the electromagnetic lock 83. 11 can be connected to the high voltage lines (HV +) and (HV−) on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side.
The electromagnetic lock 83 is controlled between the input terminal on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the inverter 81 and the high voltage lines (HV +) and (HV−) on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side of the fuel cell vehicle 11 under the control of the inverter control device 82. Switch between electrical connection and disconnection.

  Further, the inverter control device 82 outputs a signal of information relating to the state of the external power supply device 12 based on, for example, a detection signal of the inverter voltage sensor 84 that detects an input voltage (inverter voltage VI) of the inverter 81.

For example, the inverter control device 82 is connected to each connector pin provided in the power supply connector 12a.
The power supply port 11a of the fuel cell vehicle 11 includes terminals connected to the connector pins of the power supply connector 12a, and the ECU 61 of the control device 34 is connected to the terminals of the power supply port 11a through appropriate signal lines. Yes.
As a result, the ECU 61 of the fuel cell vehicle 11 and the inverter control device 82 are fitted with the power feed connector 12a of the external power feed device 12 in the power feed port 11a of the fuel cell vehicle 11, and with this fitting, the power feed port 11a In a state where the plurality of connector pins of the power feeding connector 12a are connected to the plurality of terminals, various signals can be transmitted / received to / from each other.

  In addition, the signal transmitted / received between ECU61 of the fuel cell vehicle 11 and the inverter control apparatus 82 is, for example, a signal instructing a power output request (external power supply request) from the external power supply apparatus 12 to the external load 13; A signal for instructing permission to output power from the external power feeding device 12 to the external load 13, a signal for instructing permission and prohibition of power feeding from the fuel cell vehicle 11 to the external power feeding device 12, a power feeding port 11a and a power feeding connector 12a , A signal indicating the presence / absence of fitting (for example, a fitting signal), a control voltage signal supplied from the ECU 61 to the inverter control device 82, and an inverter voltage (detected value) VI detected by the inverter voltage sensor 84. And a signal for instructing a load (external request load) RL required when the external power supply device 12 supplies power to the external load 13.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell stack 21 constitutes a fuel cell system 100.
And the external electric power feeding control apparatus 1 of a fuel cell vehicle is provided with the fuel cell system 100, for example.
The fuel cell system 100 includes, for example, a fuel cell stack (FC) 21, a gas supply system 100a, and a cooling system 100b.

  The gas supply system 100a includes, for example, an intake 101, an air pump (AP) 26, an air-cooled intercooler (IC) 103, a humidifier 104, a pressure control valve 105, an injection 106, a hydrogen tank 107, and a tank. The internal hydrogen cutoff valve 108, the first hydrogen supply valve 109, the hydrogen cutoff valve 110, the second hydrogen supply valve 111, the ejector 112, the gas-liquid separator 113, the circulation valve 114, and the air intake valve 115. A purge valve 116, an exhaust valve 117, a drain valve 118, a diluter 120, a dilution assist valve 121, first to fifth temperature sensors 122a to 122e, a flow rate sensor 123, and first to fourth. Pressure sensors 124a to 124d.

The intake 101 is provided at, for example, the other end (that is, the upstream end in the gas flow direction) of the cathode gas flow channel 100 </ b> A having one end connected to the cathode supply port 21 a of the fuel cell stack 21.
The air pump 26 includes, for example, an air compressor that is provided on the downstream side of the intake 101 in the cathode gas flow channel 100 </ b> A and is driven and controlled by the control device 34.
For example, the air pump 26 takes in air from the outside via the intake 101 and compresses it, and discharges the compressed air to the cathode gas flow channel 100A.

  For example, the cathode gas flow path 100A between the intake 101 and the air pump 26 is provided with a first temperature sensor 122a and a flow sensor 123, and the first temperature sensor 122a and the flow sensor 123 are taken in from the outside by the air pump 26. The air temperature T1 and the flow rate G1 are detected, and a detection result signal is output.

  For example, the air-cooled intercooler 103 is provided downstream of the air pump 26 in the cathode gas flow channel 100A, cools the air discharged from the air pump 26, and discharges the cooled air to the cathode gas flow channel 100A.

  For example, the humidifier 104 is connected to the cathode gas flow channel 100A between the air-cooled intercooler 103 and the cathode supply port 21a, and is connected to the cathode discharge port 21b of the fuel cell stack 21 at one end (that is, the exhaust gas flow direction). Is connected to the cathode gas discharge flow channel 100B to which a water permeable membrane such as a hollow fiber membrane is provided.

For example, the humidifier 104 humidifies the air (cathode gas) in the cathode gas flow channel 100 </ b> A using an exhaust gas (cathode offgas) such as air discharged from the cathode 21 </ b> C of the fuel cell stack 21 as a humidifying gas. .
The humidifier 104, for example, brings the moisture contained in the exhaust gas by bringing the air supplied from the air pump 26 into contact with the wet exhaust gas discharged from the cathode 21C of the fuel cell stack 21 through a water permeable membrane. Moisture that has permeated through the membrane hole of the water permeable membrane is added to air (cathode gas).

The cathode gas bypass channel 100C connected to the cathode gas channel 100A so as to bypass the humidifier 104 is provided with a first pressure sensor 124a, and the first pressure sensor 124a is disposed in the cathode gas bypass channel 100C. The air pressure is detected, and a signal indicating the detection result is output.
The cathode gas discharge channel 100B between the cathode discharge port 21b and the humidifier 104 is provided with a second temperature sensor 122b, and the second temperature sensor 122b is the temperature of the cathode off gas discharged from the cathode discharge port 21b. T2 is detected, and a detection result signal is output.

  The pressure control valve 105 is provided, for example, between the downstream side of the humidifier 104 and the diluter 120 in the cathode gas discharge channel 100B. Under control of the control device 34, the pressure control valve 105 controls the cathode off-gas in the cathode gas discharge channel 100B. Control the pressure.

  The injection 106 is provided, for example, in the signal gas channel 100D that branches from between the air-cooled intercooler 103 and the humidifier 104 in the cathode gas channel 100A, and the pressure of the air in the signal gas channel 100D is used as the signal pressure. Supply to the second hydrogen supply valve 111.

The hydrogen tank 107 is provided, for example, at the other end of the anode gas flow path 100E whose one end is connected to the anode supply port 21c of the fuel cell stack 21 (that is, the upstream end in the gas flow direction), and stores compressed hydrogen. In addition, hydrogen can be discharged.
The in-tank hydrogen cutoff valve 108 is provided in the hydrogen tank 107, for example, and can shut off the discharge of hydrogen from the hydrogen tank 107.

  The anode gas flow path 100E between the hydrogen tank 107 and the in-tank hydrogen cutoff valve 108 is provided with a third temperature sensor 122c, and the third temperature sensor 122c is a temperature T3 of hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen tank 107. Is detected and a detection result signal is output.

The first hydrogen supply valve 109 is provided, for example, on the downstream side of the tank hydrogen cutoff valve 108 in the anode gas flow path 100E, and the pressure of the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen tank 107 is reduced by the control of the control device 34 or the like. Then, the decompressed hydrogen is discharged to the anode gas flow path 100E.
The anode gas flow path 100E between the tank hydrogen cutoff valve 108 and the first hydrogen supply valve 109 is provided with a second pressure sensor 124b, and the second pressure sensor 124b is more than the first hydrogen supply valve 109. The pressure P2 of hydrogen in the anode gas flow path 100E on the upstream side is detected, and a detection result signal is output.

The hydrogen cutoff valve 110 is provided, for example, on the downstream side of the first hydrogen supply valve 109 in the anode gas flow path 100E, and can block the hydrogen flow in the anode gas flow path 100E by the control of the control device 34 or the like. is there.
The anode gas flow path 100E between the first hydrogen supply valve 109 and the hydrogen shut-off valve 110 is provided with a third pressure sensor 124c, and the third pressure sensor 124c is downstream of the first hydrogen supply valve 109. The pressure P3 of hydrogen in the anode gas flow path 100E is detected and a detection result signal is output.

  The second hydrogen supply valve 111 is provided, for example, on the downstream side of the hydrogen cutoff valve 110 in the anode gas flow path 100E, and discharges hydrogen at a pressure corresponding to the signal pressure supplied from the injection 106 to the anode gas flow path 100E. Then, the pressure difference between the anode 21A and the cathode 21C of the fuel cell stack 21 is maintained at a predetermined pressure.

For example, the ejector 112 is provided on the downstream side of the second hydrogen supply valve 111 in the anode gas flow path 100E.
For example, the ejector 112 is connected to the nozzle 112a connected to the upstream side of the anode gas flow path 100E, the discharge pipe 112b connected to the downstream side of the anode gas flow path 100E, and the anode discharge port 21d of the fuel cell stack 21 at one end. A secondary flow introduction pipe 112c connected to the anode gas circulation flow path 100G branched from the anode gas discharge flow path 100F to which the exhaust gas flow direction is connected (that is, the upstream end in the exhaust gas flow direction).

  For example, the ejector 112 passes a part of the exhaust gas (anode offgas) containing unreacted hydrogen discharged from the anode discharge port 21d through the anode 21A of the fuel cell stack 21 from the second hydrogen supply valve 111 to the anode. It is mixed with hydrogen supplied to the gas flow path 100E and supplied again to the anode 21A of the fuel cell stack 21.

The gas-liquid separator 113 is provided, for example, in the anode gas discharge channel 100F, separates moisture contained in the exhaust gas (anode offgas) in the anode gas discharge channel 100F, and discharges the separated exhaust gas to the gas outlet. It discharges | emits from 113a, and the water | moisture content after isolation | separation is discharged | emitted from the moisture discharge port 113b.
The gas-liquid separator 113 is provided with a fourth temperature sensor 122d. The fourth temperature sensor 122d detects the temperature T4 of the exhaust gas in the gas-liquid separator 113 and outputs a detection result signal.

The circulation valve 114 is, for example, a check valve provided in the anode gas circulation channel 100G that connects the gas discharge port 113a of the gas-liquid separator 113 and the side flow introduction pipe 112c of the ejector 112.
The circulation valve 114 allows, for example, a forward gas flow, which is a direction from the gas-liquid separator 113 to the ejector 112, and a reverse gas, which is a direction from the ejector 112 to the gas-liquid separator 113. Block distribution.

For example, the air intake valve 115 branches from between the air-cooled intercooler 103 and the humidifier 104 in the cathode gas flow channel 100A and is connected between the ejector 112 and the anode supply port 21c in the anode gas flow channel 100E. Provided in the air intake channel 100H.
The air intake valve 115 can supply air for scavenging or the like from the cathode gas channel 100A to the anode gas channel 100E under the control of the control device 34, for example.

  The air intake flow path 100H between the air intake valve 115 and the anode gas flow path 100E is provided with a fourth pressure sensor 124d, and the fourth pressure sensor 124d is located on the downstream side of the air intake valve 115. The pressure P4 of the air in the air intake passage 100H is detected, and a detection result signal is output.

  The purge valve 116 is provided, for example, between the gas discharge port 113a of the gas-liquid separator 113 and the diluter 120 in the anode gas discharge channel 100F, and the gas discharge of the gas-liquid separator 113 is controlled by the control device 34. Exhaust gas discharged from the outlet 113a can be supplied to the diluter 120.

The exhaust valve 117 is, for example, a gas discharge flow that connects the gas discharge port 113a of the gas-liquid separator 113 in the anode gas discharge flow channel 100F and the pressure control valve 105 and the diluter 120 in the cathode gas discharge flow channel 100B. It is provided on the road 100J.
The exhaust valve 117, for example, controls the scavenging air discharged from the gas-liquid separator 113 after being introduced into the anode gas flow path 100E via the air intake valve 115 under the control of the control device 34, as a gas discharge The diluter 120 can be supplied through the flow channel 100J and the cathode gas discharge flow channel 100B.

  The drain valve 118 is provided in, for example, a moisture discharge channel 100K that connects the purge valve 116 and the diluter 120 in the moisture discharge port 113b of the gas-liquid separator 113 and the anode gas discharge channel 100F. 34, the water discharged from the water discharge port 113 b of the gas-liquid separator 113 can be supplied to the diluter 120.

  For example, the diluter 120 dilutes the hydrogen concentration of the exhaust gas exhausted from the purge valve 116 with the air exhausted from the pressure control valve 105 and the air exhausted from the dilution assist valve 121, and the diluted hydrogen concentration Can be discharged outside (for example, in the atmosphere).

  For example, the dilution auxiliary valve 121 is provided in the dilution auxiliary flow path 100L that branches from between the air-cooled intercooler 103 and the humidifier 104 in the cathode gas flow path 100A, and is controlled by the control device 34. The air inside can be supplied to the diluter 120.

  The cooling system 100b includes, for example, a water pump (WP) 131, a radiator 132, a radiator fan 133, a thermostat valve 134, a heat exchanger 135, and an ion exchanger 136.

  For example, the water pump 131 is coaxial with the air pump 26 and is rotatable in synchronization with the air pump 26, and is provided with a refrigerant supply port in the refrigerant circulation channel 100 </ b> M via the refrigerant channel provided in the fuel cell stack 21. It is provided on the 21e side, takes in the cooling water that is the cooling medium in the refrigerant circulation channel 100M and increases the pressure, and discharges the increased cooling water to the refrigerant supply port 21e.

  The radiator 132 is provided, for example, on the refrigerant outlet 21f side in the refrigerant circulation passage 100M, and cools the cooling water discharged from the refrigerant outlet 21f by natural ventilation or forced ventilation by the radiator fan 133, and cooling after cooling. Water is discharged into the refrigerant circulation channel 100M.

  For example, a fifth temperature sensor 122e is provided downstream of the refrigerant discharge port 21f in the refrigerant circulation channel 100M, and the fifth temperature sensor 122e calculates the temperature T5 of the cooling water discharged from the refrigerant discharge port 21f. Detect and output a detection result signal.

For example, the thermostat valve 134 switches between cooling water discharged from the refrigerant discharge port 21f of the fuel cell stack 21 and cooling water discharged from the radiator 132 in accordance with the temperature of the cooling water flowing inside. The pump 131 can be supplied.
For example, when the cooling water is below a predetermined temperature, the thermostat valve 134 supplies the cooling water discharged from the refrigerant discharge port 21f of the fuel cell stack 21 to the water pump 131 bypassing the radiator 132. On the other hand, for example, when the cooling water is higher than a predetermined temperature, the cooling water is supplied to the water pump 131 via the radiator 132 after being discharged from the refrigerant discharge port 21f of the fuel cell stack 21.

  The heat exchanger 135 is provided in, for example, a branch refrigerant channel 100N that branches from between the water pump 131 and the refrigerant supply port 21e of the fuel cell stack 21 in the refrigerant circulation channel 100M, and is branched from the refrigerant circulation channel 100M. Hydrogen is cooled between the second hydrogen supply valve 111 and the ejector 112 in the anode gas flow channel 100E by a part of the cooling water flowing through the flow channel 100N.

  A gas-liquid separator 113 is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger 135 in the refrigerant flow direction in the branch refrigerant channel 100N, and the gas-liquid separator 113 is cooled by the cooling water in the branch refrigerant channel 100N. The

  The ion exchanger 136 is provided, for example, on the downstream side of the gas-liquid separator 113 in the branch refrigerant flow path 100N, removes ions present in the cooling liquid, reduces the conductivity of the cooling liquid, and after the ions are removed. The cooling water is discharged between the refrigerant outlet 21f of the fuel cell stack 21 in the refrigerant circulation passage 100M, the radiator 132, and the thermostat valve 134.

  The power supply system 10 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration. Next, the operation of the external power supply control device 1 of the fuel cell vehicle, particularly the operation of the ECU 61 will be described.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the ECU 61 includes a current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (when not poisoned) 61A, an output voltage decrease amount calculation unit 61B, a recovery process request threshold output unit 61C, and a recovery process necessity determination unit 61D. And.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (when not poisoned) 61 </ b> A outputs power characteristics (for example, current-voltage characteristics (deterioration)) in a state where the fuel cell stack 21 is not deteriorated (for example, an initial state). None)) (for example, map data) is stored.
In addition, the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (at the time of non-poisoning) 61A, for example, data (for example, a table) for correcting the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack 21 without deterioration in accordance with the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 Data).

  For example, the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (at the time of non-poisoning) 61A corrects the output characteristics in a state without deterioration based on the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 detected by the impedance sensor 80C, thereby, for example. Data (for example, map data) of output characteristics (for example, current-voltage characteristics at the time of impedance increase (non-poisoned)) according to the impedance IM in the non-poisoned state is generated.

The non-poisoned state of the fuel cell stack 21 is, for example, a state where the degree of oxidative poisoning of the anode catalyst and the cathode catalyst can be ignored.
Then, the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (at the time of non-poisoning) 61A, for example, based on the actual FC current IF of the fuel cell stack 21 detected by the FC current sensor 80B, the output corresponding to the impedance IM in the non-poisoning state From the characteristics, an estimated value of the output voltage (FC voltage estimated value (non-poisoned) VF0) corresponding to the actual output state (for example, actual FC current IF) of the fuel cell stack 21 is acquired.

  The output voltage decrease amount calculation unit 61B is, for example, an FC voltage estimated value estimated by the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (when not poisoned) 61A from the actual FC voltage VF of the fuel cell stack 21 detected by the FC voltage sensor 80A. (When not poisoned) By subtracting VF0, the amount of decrease in the output voltage (VF-VF0) corresponding to the poisoned state of the fuel cell stack 21 is calculated.

  For example, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the recovery processing request threshold value output unit 61 </ b> C is configured to supply the external required load RL acquired from the external power supply device 12 and the power supply from the fuel cell stack 21 to the external power supply device 12 (at the time of external power supply). ) Data indicating a correspondence relationship with a change in output characteristic (for example, output voltage, etc.) reduction amount (catalyst poisoning current voltage characteristic reduction amount) according to a change in poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 in FIG. Table data etc.).

For example, the data shown in FIG. 5 is created by a test performed in advance, and it is assumed that the external required load RL at the time of external power supply is unchanged, and the fuel cell stack 21 is increased with an increase in the time during which the external power supply is executed. Output characteristics (for example, output voltage, etc.) change in a decreasing tendency (that is, the absolute value of the decrease amount increases).
Further, for example, the data shown in FIG. 5 indicates that the degree of decrease per unit time in the output characteristics (for example, output voltage) of the fuel cell stack 21 is larger as the external required load RL is smaller.

  For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the recovery process request threshold output unit 61 </ b> C determines whether or not it is necessary to perform a recovery operation for eliminating the external required load RL output from the external power supply device 12 and the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21. Is stored (for example, predetermined table data) indicating a correspondence relationship between the threshold value (recovery processing request threshold value DTH) for the amount of decrease in the output voltage for determining the value.

For example, the data shown in FIG. 6 indicates that the absolute value of the threshold value (recovery process request threshold value DTH) with respect to the amount of decrease in the output voltage changes with an increase in the external request load RL.
For example, in the data shown in FIG. 5, the recovery processing request threshold value DTH is a timing that is a predetermined time ΔT before the timing at which the reduction amount of the output characteristics (for example, output voltage) of the fuel cell stack 21 reaches the predetermined threshold value DTHL. The amount of decrease in

For example, the recovery process request threshold value DTH for the first external required load RL1 is the value DTH1 of the decrease amount at time t1a that is a predetermined time ΔT before the time t1b when the decrease amount of the output characteristic reaches the predetermined threshold value DTHL.
For example, the recovery process request threshold value DTH for the second external required load RL2 (> RL1) is a reduction amount value DTH2 at a time t2a that is a predetermined time ΔT before the time t2b when the output characteristic reduction amount reaches the predetermined threshold value DTHL. (<DTH1).
For example, the recovery process request threshold value DTH for the third external required load RL3 (> RL2) is the value DTH3 of the decrease amount at time t3a that is a predetermined time ΔT before the time t3b when the output characteristic decrease amount reaches the predetermined threshold value DTHL. (<DTH2).

  The recovery process request threshold value DTH is set so that, for example, the degree of noise and vibration generated with the execution of the recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 is within a predetermined allowable range, and The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack 21 can be improved to a predetermined level or more by executing the recovery operation.

  The recovery process request threshold value output unit 61C, for example, changes in the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 and the poisoning state according to the time when the external power feeding is performed based on the external demand load RL acquired from the external power feeding device 12. A change in the amount of decrease in the output voltage corresponding to the change in the output voltage is predicted, and a threshold for the amount of decrease in the output voltage (recovery process request threshold DTH) is acquired.

  For example, the recovery process necessity determination unit 61D calculates the output voltage decrease amount (VF−VF0) according to the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 calculated by the output voltage decrease amount calculation unit 61B. It is determined whether or not it is equal to or less than the recovery processing request threshold value DTH acquired by the unit 61C. That is, it is determined whether or not the absolute value of the amount of decrease in which the actual FC voltage VF has decreased from the FC voltage estimated value (when not poisoned) VF0 is equal to or greater than the absolute value of the recovery process request threshold DTH. Then, in response to the determination result, a recovery process request flag F_Res indicating whether or not a recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 is necessary is output.

For example, when the reduction amount (VF−VF0) is equal to or less than the recovery processing request threshold DTH (that is, when the actual FC voltage VF is greatly reduced), the recovery processing necessity determination unit 61D determines the flag value of the recovery processing request flag F_Res. Is set to “1” indicating the execution of the recovery operation.
On the other hand, if the decrease amount (VF−VF0) is larger than the recovery process request threshold value DTH (that is, when the decrease in the actual FC voltage VF is small), the flag value of the recovery process request flag F_Res indicates that the recovery operation need not be executed. Set to “0”.

  For example, the ECU 61 controls the recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 according to the flag value of the recovery process request flag F_Res set by the recovery process necessity determination unit 61D.

  The ECU 61 is supplied from the fuel cell vehicle 11 to the external power supply device 12 when the remaining capacity SOC of the battery 22 is a predetermined value or more, for example, as a recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21. The actual FC voltage VF is controlled to be equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH while maintaining the power to be maintained unchanged and decreasing the output power of the fuel cell stack 21.

  The ECU 61 controls the actual FC voltage VF to be equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH by, for example, current control, low stoichiometric control, discharge control, or the like.

  In the current control, the ECU 61 controls the voltage adjustment operation of the voltage regulator 23, for example, so that the actual FC voltage VF becomes the predetermined voltage VFTH according to the output characteristics (for example, current voltage characteristics) of the fuel cell stack 21. In the following manner, the actual FC current IF of the fuel cell stack 21 is controlled to be equal to or greater than a predetermined current.

In the low stoichiometric control, for example, the ECU 61 gives priority to the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack 21 when controlling stoichiometric (for example, air stoichiometric setting for the air supplied to the cathode). The actual FC voltage VF is made equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH by maintaining a stoichiometric value (low stoichiometric value) smaller than the set stoichiometric value (normal stoichiometric value).
The stoichiometry indicates, for example, the ratio of the supply amount to the theoretical consumption amount of the reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 21.

  In the discharge control, the ECU 61 discharges the actual FC voltage VF to a predetermined voltage by, for example, discharging the fuel cell stack 21 in a state where supply of the reaction gas to the fuel cell stack 21 is stopped (for example, driving of the air pump 26 is stopped). VFTH or less.

  The fuel cell system 100 is connected to the fuel cell stack 21 under the control of the control device 34 in addition to various auxiliary devices, the battery 22 and the like as electric equipment to which power is supplied from the fuel cell stack 21, for example. An electrical load (for example, a discharge resistor, an electronic load, or the like) that can be switched and can be changed in load current may be provided.

For example, the ECU 61 responds to the fact that the cell potentials of the plurality of fuel cells constituting the fuel cell stack 21 vary within the plane, and the cell potentials of all the fuel cells become equal to or lower than a predetermined cell potential. In this way, the actual FC voltage VF is made equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH.
For example, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the ECU 61 uses a low threshold cell potential VL and a high side with respect to the cell potential of a fuel cell in which a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst is supported on a carbon-based catalyst carrier. Of each region defined by the threshold cell potential VH, while avoiding the platinum redox progressing region and the platinum oxidation stable region, the deterioration amount of the fuel cell is reduced to a predetermined value or less so that the platinum reducing region or platinum A predetermined cell potential (for example, 0.6 V) is set in a region on the potential side lower than the reduction region.

Note that the low-side threshold cell potential VL and the high-side threshold cell potential VH are, for example, the states of the power feeding system 10 and the fuel cell vehicle 11, the environment of the fuel cell system 100, and the states of the catalysts of the fuel cell stack 21. It changes according to the fluctuation speed of the cell potential.
For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, the ECU 61 uses a low side based on a cyclic voltamentary diagram of the catalyst that changes in accordance with the fluctuation speed of the cell potential (for example, the first and second fluctuation speeds). The threshold cell potential VL and the high side threshold cell potential VH are acquired.

Note that the platinum oxidation-reduction progress region is a region in which deterioration progresses, for example, when platinum of the catalyst is dissolved by repetition of oxidation and reduction.
The platinum oxidation stable region is, for example, a region where the platinum of the catalyst is stably oxidized, and includes a region where the carbon of the catalyst carrier is oxidized.
The platinum reduction region is, for example, a region where the platinum of the catalyst is reduced, and includes a region where aggregation of the reduced platinum increases.

Further, for example, the ECU 61 controls a recovery operation for recovering output characteristics deteriorated according to the impedance IM in accordance with the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21.
For example, the ECU 61 reduces the impedance IM that increases in accordance with the temperature state of the fuel cell stack 21 and recovers the output characteristics that have decreased due to the high temperature and drying of the fuel cell stack 21. 21 humidification or cooling is controlled.
The ECU 61 performs control such as increasing the generated power of the fuel cell stack 21 within a range in which the battery 22 can be charged, for example, in humidification of the fuel cell stack 21.
In cooling the fuel cell stack 21, the ECU 61 controls, for example, driving of the radiator fan 133 and output suppression of the inverter 81 of the external power supply device 12.

Below, an example of operation | movement of ECU61 is demonstrated. Note that the following series of processing is repeatedly executed at a predetermined cycle, for example.
First, for example, in step S01 shown in FIG. 8, it is determined whether or not execution of external power supply is instructed by a power output request (external power supply request) from the external power supply device 12 to the external load 13.
If this determination is “NO”, the flow proceeds to step S 02.
On the other hand, if this determination is “YES”, the flow proceeds to step S 03 described later.
In step S02, it is determined that the fuel cell vehicle 11 is in an operating state by driving the driving motor 24 and the energy management is controlled according to the required power required for driving the driving motor 24. (For example, control such as power generation of the fuel cell stack 21 and charging and discharging of the battery 22) is executed, and the process proceeds to the end.

In step S03, the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 is measured.
Next, in step S04, it is determined whether or not the impedance IM is equal to or greater than a predetermined value IMTH.
If this determination is “NO”, the flow proceeds to step S 05, and in this step S 05, the drying elimination recovery process indicating whether or not the operation for eliminating the high temperature and drying of the fuel cell stack 21 is being performed is being performed. The flag value of the flag is set to “0”, and the process proceeds to step S10 described later.
On the other hand, if this determination is “YES”, the flow proceeds to step S 06.

Next, in step S06, “1” indicating that the operation for eliminating the high temperature and drying of the fuel cell stack 21 is being performed is set in the flag value of the drying elimination recovery process in progress flag.
Next, in step S07, it is determined whether the temperature T5 of the cooling water detected by the fifth temperature sensor 122e is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
If this determination is “NO”, the flow proceeds to step S 08, where the humidification of the fuel cell stack 21 is controlled, and the flow proceeds to step S 10 described later.
On the other hand, if this determination is “YES”, the flow proceeds to step S 09, and in this step S 09, the cooling of the fuel cell stack 21 is controlled, and the flow proceeds to step S 10.

Next, in step S10, it is determined whether or not “0” is set in the flag value of the drying elimination recovery processing flag.
If this determination is “YES”, the flow proceeds to the end.
On the other hand, if this determination is “NO”, the flow proceeds to step S11.

In step S11, the output characteristic corresponding to the impedance IM in the non-poisoned state of the fuel cell stack 21 (for example, the current when the impedance increases) is corrected by correcting the output characteristic in the non-degraded state based on the impedance IM. Voltage characteristic (non-poisoned)) data (for example, map data) is generated.
Then, based on the actual FC current IF of the fuel cell stack 21, the output corresponding to the actual output state (for example, the actual FC current IF) of the fuel cell stack 21 from the output characteristics corresponding to the impedance IM in the non-poisoned state. Obtain an estimated voltage value (FC voltage estimated value (non-poisoned) VF0).

  Next, in step S12, by subtracting the FC voltage estimated value (when not poisoned) VF0 from the actual FC voltage VF, the amount of decrease in the output voltage (catalyst coverage) according to the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 is subtracted. Poisonous FC voltage drop amount = VF−VF0) is calculated.

  Next, in step S13, an output voltage for determining whether or not a recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 is necessary by performing a table search for predetermined table data according to the external required load RL. Threshold recovery processing request threshold value DTH for the amount of decrease is acquired.

Next, in step S14, it is determined whether or not the catalyst poisoning FC voltage drop amount (= VF−VF0) is equal to or less than the recovery process request threshold value DTH.
If the determination result is “NO”, the process proceeds to step S15. In this step S15, “0” indicating that the recovery operation is not required is set in the flag value of the recovery process request flag F_Res, and the process proceeds to the end.
On the other hand, if this determination result is "YES", the process proceeds to step S16, and in this step S16, "1" indicating the execution of the recovery operation is set in the flag value of the recovery process request flag F_Res.
In step S17, a recovery operation for eliminating the poisoned state of the fuel cell stack 21 is executed, and the process proceeds to the end.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, during external power feeding while the fuel cell vehicle 11 is stopped, a constant load is applied for a longer time than when the fuel cell vehicle 11 is traveling. The fuel cell stack 21 may be required.
In addition, during external power feeding while the fuel cell vehicle 11 is stopped, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 21 is more likely to rise because the fuel cell stack 21 cannot be cooled by the traveling wind than when the fuel cell vehicle 11 is traveling. Thus, the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 may easily increase due to the temperature increase.

For example, during travel of the fuel cell vehicle 11 shown in FIG. 9B, when the load required for the fuel cell stack 21 is low, for example, during the period from time t0 to time t1, the load of the fuel cell stack 21 is reduced. The actual FC voltage VF may be lower than the FC voltage estimated value (when not poisoned) VF0 due to power generation being performed in a load region where poisoning is likely to proceed.
However, since the load required for the fuel cell stack 21 fluctuates, power generation is rarely continued in a load region where the poisoning of the fuel cell stack 21 easily proceeds, and the actual FC voltage VF and the FC voltage estimated value ( An increase in the difference from VF0 is suppressed during non-poisoning.
Further, since the fuel cell stack 21 is cooled by the traveling wind, an increase in the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 is suppressed.

For example, when the load required for the fuel cell stack 21 is high as in the period from time t1 to time t2 shown in FIG. 9B, in a load region where poisoning of the fuel cell stack 21 is likely to proceed. Due to the suppression of power generation, the difference between the actual FC voltage VF and the FC voltage estimated value (when not poisoned) VF0 is reduced.
Also in this case, since the fuel cell stack 21 is cooled by the traveling wind, an increase in the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 is suppressed.

  Then, for example, after time t2 shown in FIG. 9B, when the load required for the fuel cell stack 21 further increases, the actual FC voltage VF becomes equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH, and the fuel cell stack 21 There may be a case where power generation is performed in a load region where the poisoning state may be eliminated.

For example, during external power feeding when the fuel cell vehicle 11 is stopped as shown in FIG. 9A, if a constant external required load is maintained, for example, during a period from time t0 to time t1, the fuel cell stack caused by traveling wind Due to the absence of the cooling of the fuel cell stack 21, the temperature and the impedance IM of the fuel cell stack 21 rise.
For example, when the impedance IM reaches a predetermined value IMTH or more at time t1, the impedance IM changes in a decreasing tendency by performing an operation for eliminating the high temperature and drying of the fuel cell stack 21.

Then, for example, when the external required load is reduced at time t2 shown in FIG. 9A and a constant external required load is maintained after time t2, the impedance IM is changed, for example, during the period from time t2 to time t3. As the output characteristic changes to an increasing tendency, the output characteristic changes to a decreasing tendency, whereby the FC voltage estimated value (at the time of non-poisoning) VF0 changes to a decreasing tendency.
Furthermore, the absolute value of the decrease amount of the actual FC voltage VF with respect to the FC voltage estimated value (non-poisoned) VF0 due to the continued power generation in the load region where the poisoning of the fuel cell stack 21 is likely to proceed. It changes in an increasing tendency, and the difference between the actual FC voltage VF and the FC voltage estimated value (when not poisoned) VF0 becomes large.

For example, when the catalyst poisoning FC voltage drop amount (= VF−VF0) reaches the recovery processing request threshold DTH or less at time t3 shown in FIG. 9A, the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 is eliminated. Recovery operation is executed.
Thus, for example, during the period from time t3 to time t4, the power supplied from the fuel cell vehicle 11 to the external power supply device 12 is maintained unchanged, and the output power of the fuel cell stack 21 is reduced. The actual FC voltage VF is controlled to be equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH, and the actual FC voltage VF and the FC voltage estimated value (when not poisoned) VF0 substantially coincide.

For example, when the execution of the recovery operation is stopped at time t4 shown in FIG. 9A, the restriction that the actual FC voltage VF is equal to or lower than the predetermined voltage VFTH is released.
Then, the recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 is performed, so that the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack 21 is recovered, the heat radiation amount of the fuel cell stack 21 is reduced, and the fuel cell stack 21 An increase in impedance IM is suppressed.

  As described above, according to the external power supply control device 1 for the fuel cell vehicle according to the present embodiment, the deterioration of the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack 21 is caused by the deterioration according to the impedance IM in the non-poisoning state and the poisoning state. It is possible to accurately detect the poisoning state by appropriately distinguishing the deterioration depending on the condition. Thereby, with respect to each deterioration, the operation of recovering the output characteristics reduced due to the high temperature and drying of the fuel cell stack 21 and the deterioration according to the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 It is possible to appropriately control the recovery operation for solving the problem, and it is possible to recover the deterioration of the fuel cell stack 21 and to secure the desired power generation efficiency and power supply possible time.

Further, the change in poisoning state is predicted by predicting the change in the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 according to the time when the external power feeding is performed and the change in the amount of decrease in the output voltage according to the change in the poisoning state. A desired appropriate threshold value (recovery process request threshold value DTH) can be set with respect to the amount of decrease in the output voltage according to.
Thereby, for example, the recovery operation can be appropriately controlled at a desired timing such as a timing before the poisoning state exceeds a predetermined level, and deterioration of the fuel cell stack 21 due to poisoning can be accurately performed. Thus, the desired power generation efficiency and power supply possible time can be ensured.

  Furthermore, by setting the recovery process request threshold value DTH at a timing that is a predetermined time ΔT before the timing at which the amount of decrease in the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack 21 reaches the predetermined threshold value DTHL, for example, when performing the discharge control, the air pump 26 Even when there is a time delay from when the stop of the air pump 26 is actually stopped until the air pump 26 actually stops, it is possible to prevent the poisoning state from reaching a predetermined level.

In the above-described embodiment, the temperature T5 of the cooling water detected by the fifth temperature sensor 122e is used instead of the impedance IM as the output characteristic deterioration information in the non-poisoned state of the fuel cell stack 21. Good.
In this case, the current-voltage characteristic conversion unit (at the time of non-poisoning) 61A corrects the output characteristic in a state without deterioration based on the temperature T5 of the cooling water, for example, so that the fuel cell stack 21 is not poisoned. The output characteristic data (for example, map data) corresponding to the temperature T5 of the cooling water is generated.
Based on the actual FC current IF of the fuel cell stack 21, the actual output state (for example, the actual FC current IF) of the fuel cell stack 21 is changed from the output characteristics corresponding to the temperature T5 of the cooling water in the non-poisoned state. The corresponding estimated value of the output voltage (FC voltage estimated value (non-poisoned) VF0) is acquired.

In the above-described embodiment, the recovery process request threshold value DTH is set at a timing that is a predetermined time ΔT before the timing at which the output characteristic reduction amount of the fuel cell stack 21 reaches the predetermined threshold value DTHL. Other timings based on the prediction result of the change in the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 according to the time when the external power feeding is executed and the change in the decrease amount of the output voltage according to the change in the poisoning state. The recovery process request threshold value DTH may be set at.
For example, the recovery process request threshold value DTH may be set such that the recovery operation is executed earlier as the progress speed of the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack 21 increases.

  The present embodiment described above shows an example in carrying out the present invention, and it goes without saying that the present invention is not construed as being limited to the above-described embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 External power supply control apparatus 10 of fuel cell vehicle Power supply system 11 Fuel cell vehicle 11a Power supply port (power supply circuit)
12 External power supply equipment (equipment)
12a Power supply connector 13 External load (equipment)
21 Fuel cell stack 21A Anode 21C Cathode 22 Battery (power storage device)
23 Voltage regulator 24 Traveling motor 26 Air pump 34 Control device 51 Precharge contactor 53 Positive side external power supply contactor 54 Negative side external power supply contactor 61 ECU (control means)
61A Current-voltage characteristic converter (when not poisoned) (output voltage estimation means, output characteristic acquisition means)
61C Recovery Processing Request Threshold Output Unit (Requested load acquisition means, threshold acquisition means)
61D Recovery processing necessity determination section (poisoning state detection means)
80A FC voltage sensor (output voltage detection means)
107 Hydrogen tank (fuel supply means)
109 First hydrogen supply valve (fuel supply means)
111 Second hydrogen supply valve (fuel supply means)
Step S03 Impedance acquisition means Step S17 Recovery control means

Claims (3)

A fuel cell stack that generates electricity with the fuel supplied to the anode and the air supplied to the cathode;
Fuel supply means for supplying the fuel to the fuel cell stack;
An air pump for supplying the air to the fuel cell stack;
Output voltage detection means for detecting the output voltage of the fuel cell stack;
A power storage device capable of transferring energy to and from the fuel cell stack;
A traveling motor driven by electric power of the fuel cell stack and the power storage device;
A power feeding circuit capable of supplying power from the fuel cell stack and the power storage device to equipment outside the vehicle;
Control means,
The control means includes
An output voltage estimating means for estimating an output voltage corresponding to an actual output state of the fuel cell stack based on output characteristics corresponding to output characteristic deterioration information in a non-poisoned state of the fuel cell stack;
A poisoning for detecting the poisoning state of the fuel cell stack based on the detected value of the output voltage detected by the output voltage detecting means and the estimated value of the output voltage estimated by the output voltage estimating means. State detection means;
A recovery control means for controlling a recovery operation for eliminating the poisoning state detected by the poisoning state detection means;
An external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising: The control means includes
Impedance acquisition means for acquiring the impedance of the fuel cell stack as the output characteristic deterioration information;
By correcting the output characteristics of the fuel cell stack without deterioration, based on the impedance acquired by the impedance acquisition means, the output characteristics according to the impedance of the fuel cell stack in a non-poisoned state Output characteristic acquisition means for acquiring
The external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, comprising: The control means includes
Request load acquisition means for acquiring a load required at the time of power supply from the power supply circuit to the device;
Based on the load acquired by the required load acquisition means, predicting a change in the poisoning state according to a time when power is supplied from the power supply circuit to the device, and responding to the change in the poisoning state Threshold value acquisition means for acquiring a threshold value for the amount of decrease in the output voltage,
The poisoning state detection unit determines whether the difference between the detected value of the output voltage and the estimated value of the output voltage exceeds the threshold acquired by the threshold acquisition unit, thereby determining the recovery operation. 3. The external power supply control device for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the presence or absence of the poisoning state that needs to be controlled is detected.

Images