JP2014062703A - Gas volume expansion utilization device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce energy for using a refrigeration cycle, to drive a heat insulation compressor used in the refrigeration cycle device by largely using electric power, and to provide a technology that since electric power supply becomes shortage, saves power of the refrigeration cycle device and generates power with renewable energy.SOLUTION: A gas volume expansion utilization device subjects gas having a temperature less than a critical temperature to volume expansion to make liquefied, or generates power with energy extracted at liquefaction.

Description

Refrigeration cycle equipment and power generation equipment

There is a vapor compression refrigeration cycle apparatus as a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
The power of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is mainly electric power.
The refrigeration cycle apparatus is used for freezing and refrigeration of food.
Many are used as air conditioners.
Refrigeration cycle efficiency improvement measures include inverter control technology, liquid gas heat exchange, and ejectors. Examples of power generation using renewable energy include wind power generation, solar power generation, biomass power generation, and geothermal power generation.

Basics and mechanism of the latest refrigeration and air conditioning system Thermodynamics learned from zero by Yozo Kogure Senior Freezing Examination Text Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Easy boiler textbook by Kenji Nagumo General overview of thermal power generation Supervised by Toru Sema JSME Text Series Thermodynamics The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers

There is a demand for reduction in energy consumption of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
There is a need to improve the energy efficiency of steam-fired thermal power generation.
An adiabatic compressor is used in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle apparatus, and most is driven by electric power.
There is a need for a refrigeration cycle that does not use an adiabatic compressor.
The use of renewable energy is required.
There is a need for power saving in refrigeration cycle equipment.
There is a demand for power generation using renewable energy due to insufficient power supply.

となる。
体積膨張仕事は流入気体の速度エネルギー分だけ小さくなる。
よって、体積膨張液化時の流入気体の速度は１０ｍ／ｓ程度と充分速度が小さい必要がある。
１０ｍ／ｓ時の１ｋｇ当りの速度エネルギーは５０Ｊとなり非常に小さい。 A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus for achieving this object is characterized by comprising gas expansion liquefaction means for liquefying gas by volume expansion of a working fluid gas.
In conventional techniques, work or heat is required for isothermal expansion, and work is added in advance. In other words, it was an endothermic process such as compression or isothermal expansion of the Carnot cycle.
However, according to the present invention, when the gas is volume-expanded, the work is taken out without adding work.
Work W is required to expand the volume of the gas.
The work amount W at the time of volume expansion of gas under the condition where heat does not enter and exit from the surroundings varies depending on the working fluid.
Case 1 The temperature of the gas during volume expansion is above the critical point. In this case, the work W is procured from the gas itself, and the temperature and pressure of the gas decrease.
W = R (T1-T2) log (VB / VA)
R is gas constant J / kg · K
T1 is a pre-expansion temperature T2 is a post-expansion temperature, so-called adiabatic expansion.
Case 2 The temperature of the gas during volume expansion is below the critical point. In this case as well, work W can be obtained from the gas itself, but the gas below the critical point temperature has two phases, liquid phase and gas phase. Is performed at an isothermal isobaric pressure, resulting in an isothermal expansion.

Therefore, work W = RTlog (VB / VA)

Depending on the evaporation temperature, the conversion efficiency of work W and heat is 100%.
Heat is the amount of heat absorbed by evaporation.
The working fluid below the critical point during volume expansion includes alternative chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R22, R404, R407, R410, and R134a, and natural refrigerants such as water, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and isobutane.
Work W required for isothermal expansion is obtained from the gas itself and is liquefied when the work W 2 extracted from the gas is equivalent to the heat of vaporization.
Therefore, when a gas having a temperature below the critical point is volume-expanded, it can be liquefied at the evaporation temperature.
The amount of liquefaction is q where the heat of vaporization is q.

Liquefaction amount = W / q = {RTlog (VB / VA) / q}
Next, according to the law of conservation of mass, mass of inflow gas = mass of effluent liquid + mass of effluent gas.
Also, since there is no heat in and out due to the law of conservation of energy, the effluent liquid energy decreases + the effluent gas energy increases = 0
Since the decrease in the energy of the effluent liquid is the volume expansion work W, the increase in the energy of the gas is W.
Here, since the velocity energy of the inflowing gas is about 10 m / s in the normal refrigeration cycle, the energy can be ignored at (1/2) 102 = 50J.
Further, if the cross-sectional areas of the inlet port for the inflowing gas and the discharge port for the outflowing gas are equal, the pressure term can be neglected because it is isothermal.
Therefore, the increase in energy of the outflow gas becomes velocity energy.
The volume expansion work is W, where the velocity of the outflow gas is V.
If the heat of vaporization is q

It becomes.
The volume expansion work is reduced by the velocity energy of the inflowing gas.
Therefore, the velocity of the inflowing gas at the time of the volume expansion liquefaction needs to be sufficiently small such as about 10 m / s.
The velocity energy per kg at 10 m / s is 50 J, which is very small.

Further, the working fluid is characterized in that it exists in a two-phase state of liquid gas at the time of volume expansion liquefaction.
Refrigerating cycle refrigerants such as R22, R134a, R404, R410, R407, R717, and water are present in a two-phase state of liquid and gas at room temperature. This property is utilized by the refrigeration cycle.
In order to liquefy with the gas expansion liquefaction means, it is necessary that the working fluid be a two-phase working fluid under pressure and temperature conditions during volume expansion. That is, the condition of liquefaction is that the working fluid is below the critical temperature during volume expansion.

Further, the apparatus further includes a plurality of the gas expansion liquefaction means.
Since the expansion ratio is limited, all the gas is liquefied by using a plurality of gas expansion liquefaction means in series or in parallel. In order to completely liquefy, it is better to serialize.

Furthermore, the apparatus further comprises extraction energy utilization means for utilizing the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means.

Furthermore, the apparatus further comprises mechanical energy conversion means for converting energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into mechanical energy.
It is a so-called turbine. The energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means becomes velocity energy because the pressure and temperature are constant.
Energy is extracted at the evaporation temperature by the volume expansion means for the turbine, and the gas is a low-temperature and high-speed gas.
Therefore, it is not necessary to select a turbine material with a material that can withstand high temperature and pressure as in a conventional turbine.
The turbine type is an impulse turbine.
Considering the efficiency of the generator and the efficiency of the turbine, an energy extraction of about 140 kw is required for 100 kw power generation.
Power generation efficiency 90%
If the turbine efficiency is 85%,
The extraction energy can be adjusted by selecting the evaporation temperature, flow rate, expansion ratio, and working fluid.
Because,
W = RTlog (VB / VA)
Because.

Further, the apparatus further comprises pressure energy conversion means for converting the velocity energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into pressure energy.
Velocity energy is converted to pressure energy by using a diffuser, swirl chamber, Laval nozzle, etc., and the temperature and pressure are increased and used for heating, hot water supply, and frost.
"Calculation of heating"
In order to set the temperature of the gas of 1 kg to 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., the work amount of Cp × 50K is required if the constant pressure specific heat is Cp.
Since Cp of R22 is 0.681, the required energy is 0.681 × 50K = 34.05 kJ.
Since the energy of 1 kg of steam is about 200 kJ, about 40 kJ energy can be extracted and pressure converted to increase the temperature of 50 k.
Therefore, the liquefaction rate is 20%.
Heating capacity in this case 200kw + 40kw = 240kw / kg
Since it is a Laval nozzle, it slows down.
Then the pressure rises and can be used as heating.
In addition, in order to make it 80 ℃ with hot water supply etc.,
80k x 0.681 = 54.5kJ required

Liquefaction rate is 545 ÷ 200 = 27.25%

Hot water supply capacity 200 + 54.5 = 254.5kw
In this way, the temperature can be controlled by changing the liquefaction rate.
In the calculation of the liquefaction rate, 0. A gas of 646 kg has a gas enthalpy and velocity energy W 72,486J.
This velocity energy is converted into pressure energy to raise the temperature.
Low pressure specific heat Cp of R22 is 0.681kJ / kgK
Therefore, the velocity energy of 72.486 kJ is the mass of the gas × Cp × K (temperature difference).
Therefore, 0.646 × 0.681 × K = 72.486
温度 K = 164K temperature rise is possible.
However, since the temperature difference is too large, the extraction energy W is reduced.
In order to reduce the extraction energy, the expansion ratio is reduced.
Therefore, the expansion ratio is set to 4.
Therefore, the expansion part of the inflator is 130 mm.
・ Extraction energy is W = RTlog (VB / VA)

W = 96 × 213.15 × log4
= 36,186J
Since the amount of liquefaction is W / q

36,186 ÷ 204.59
= 0.176 kg.

The remaining gas amount is 0.824 kg.
Therefore, 0.824 × 0.681 × K = 36.186
Therefore, K = 64.48 and the temperature rises by 64.48 ° C.
The freezing effect at this time is 0.824 kg of heat of vaporization of 0. 824 × 204.59 + 36.186
= 168.58 + 36.186
= 204.766 kw.
As a result, it is possible to heat 204.766 kw while cooling with a freezing effect of 204.59 kw.

Further, the apparatus further comprises power generation means for converting the mechanical energy converted by the mechanical energy conversion means into electric energy.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a condensing means for condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the working fluid.
The working fluid is liquefied by cooling it with outside air or water for heating and defrost circuits.
It is a condenser in the refrigeration cycle.
It is a condenser in brackish water power generation.

Further, the apparatus further comprises a pump for delivering the working fluid liquid.
A pump is needed as a starting force to turn the cycle.
Also, a pressure difference is necessary to reduce the pressure loss of the piping, expansion of the throttle, and the evaporation pressure with the nozzle.
A pump is necessary for this boosting.
Normally, a canned pump is used for the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle.
The boiler uses a high-pressure pump.

Further, the apparatus further comprises an evaporation means for evaporating the liquid of the working fluid.
It is a boiler in brackish water power generation and an evaporator in a refrigeration cycle.
In the refrigeration cycle, the liquid in the refrigerant absorbs energy and the liquid becomes gas.
Evaporation is endothermic or energy absorption.
The change is isothermal expansion.
When the energy absorbed by the evaporation means is extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means, energy without an external combustion heat source can be extracted.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a liquid pressure reducing means for reducing the liquid of the working fluid to a predetermined evaporation pressure.
In a normal refrigeration cycle, it is a throttle expansion means. These are expansion valve orifices and capillary tubes.
In the present invention, a nozzle is used to reduce pressure loss.

Further, the present invention is characterized by further comprising a low pressure switching means for switching the liquid low pressure means.

Further, the working fluid is a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.
R22, R404, R407, R410, ammonia, carbon dioxide, isobutane, and the like.

Further, the working fluid is water.
Water is optimal as a working fluid because it has a large heat of vaporization and is stable at high temperatures.
Often used in thermal power generation.

Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means is a gas volume expansion part,
A gas inlet,
A gas-liquid separation unit that gas-liquid separates the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the volume expansion of the gas and the gas not liquefied;
It is characterized by setting it as an expander provided with a gas discharge part.

Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means, the mechanical energy conversion means, and the power generation means may be an expander that uses a heat insulating compressor.
A heat-insulating compressor such as a scroll expander is reversely used.
The discharge port of the adiabatic compressor is used as the suction port of the expander and rotated in reverse.
It is also possible to use the compressor motor as a generator.

In addition, a low-pressure receiver that stores the working fluid liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is further provided.
Since the liquefaction by the gas expansion liquefaction means is performed at the evaporation temperature, the pressure becomes low.

Furthermore, a final liquid receiver for storing the liquid of the working fluid is further provided.
When the cycle is not operated, the working fluid is at room temperature. Therefore, at the time of start-up, liquid is sent from the final receiver by a pump.

Further, it is characterized by further including a moving means.
The moving means is an automobile, a ship, a train or the like.

Moreover, it is characterized by further providing a building.
Buildings include data centers, factories, apartment houses, office buildings, and the like.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising power storage means.
In this device, power generation can be performed without fuel. However, since an external power source is required at the start of the cycle, power storage means is attached.
Examples are storage batteries and capacitors.

Further, the electronic power converter is further provided.
A power converter is an inverter or converter.

Further, the pressure converting means is characterized by having a taper spread.
When energy is extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means, the gas of the working fluid that has not been liquefied becomes high speed.
The device changes depending on whether the pressure conversion means exceeds the speed of sound or not.
When exceeding the speed of sound, use a taper nozzle.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the pressure converting means is diffused.
If the velocity of the gas that has not been liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is less than the speed of sound, a diffuser is used.

Furthermore, the evaporator is an evaporator used in a refrigeration cycle.

Further, the evaporation means is a boiler.

Furthermore, the mechanical energy conversion means is a turbine.
Since the gas not liquefied by the energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means becomes a high-speed gas, the turbine converts the velocity energy into mechanical energy.
Thereby, the thermal energy absorbed by the evaporation means can be converted into mechanical energy.

Further, the turbine member is made of synthetic resin.
Since the temperature of the working fluid is the evaporation temperature, the evaporation pressure temperature can be controlled.
Therefore, when the evaporation temperature is set to 0 ° C., the temperature of the working fluid flowing into the turbine can be set to 0 ° C.
Therefore, instead of a material that can withstand high temperature and pressure as in the prior art, a heat-sensitive synthetic resin can be used for the impeller, blade, and rotor of the turbine.
Synthetic resins are plastics, and those that are strong like engineer plastics are optimal for turbine materials.
Further, fiber reinforced plastic may be used.
Compared to iron alloys, plastic is lighter, so when used in a turbine, mechanical loss is reduced.
Since a magnetic bearing cannot be used as a plastic bearing, it is preferable to use a fluid bearing in which a fluid is used as a working fluid.

Further, the liquid pressure reducing means is a nozzle.

Further, the turbine bearing is a fluid bearing, and the fluid is a working fluid.
Since the turbine rotates at high speed, the choice of bearings is important.
Air bearings are used in micro gas turbines.
Usually, the air bearing needs a compressor that sends air.
However, since the gas after volume expansion and liquefaction is high speed, the working fluid can be used as the fluid of the fluid bearing.

Further, the condenser means is a condenser used in a refrigeration cycle.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the evaporation means having different evaporation pressures is provided.

Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means is provided for each different evaporation pressure.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a low-pressure receiver pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure of the liquid in the low-pressure receiver.

Further, it is characterized by further comprising a low-pressure receiver liquid level detecting means for detecting the liquid level of the low-pressure receiver.

Further, the apparatus further comprises pump liquid source switching means for switching the liquid source of the pump to the low pressure liquid receiver or the final liquid receiver.

Furthermore, a first pressure equalizing pipe is provided to make the pressure of the expander and the low-pressure liquid receiver equal to each other.

Furthermore, a second pressure equalizing pipe is provided to make the pressure of the low-pressure receiver and the high-pressure receiver equal.

In addition, a heating heat source for heating the gas of the working fluid is further provided.

In addition, a vacuum pump is further provided.
A vacuum pump is used to assist in lowering the liquid temperature and pressure.
When the working fluid is water, the vacuum pump is evaporated.

In addition, the apparatus further includes an object temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the object to be cooled.
The object to be cooled is the temperature of the air in the refrigerator and the temperature of the refrigerator in the freezer.
The temperature detecting means is a thermostat or the like.

Further, the working fluid is geothermal steam.

Furthermore, a pressure vessel,
A reciprocating liquid that reciprocates in the pressure vessel;
A reciprocating liquid suction valve;
A reciprocating liquid discharge valve;
A gas intake valve and a gas discharge valve;
A liquid reciprocating compressor including a pump for sending a reciprocating liquid at a high pressure is provided.
It is a reciprocating gas compressor that uses liquid instead of a piston.
A pump is used to fill the pressure vessel with liquid.
The liquid is stored in advance.
If the liquid is oil with very low evaporation pressure and the gas is air, it can be used as a vacuum pump.
As the oil, a fluorine-based oil for a vacuum pump may be used.
When gas is used as a refrigerant and a liquid is used as a low-temperature refrigerant of the same liquid, a gas-liquid mixed condenser is obtained.
When the gas suction valve is closed and the liquid is lowered, a vacuum pump is obtained, and when the gas suction valve is opened and the liquid is lowered, a gas compressor is obtained.

Further, the reciprocating liquid is used as a vacuum pump oil,
The gas is air.
This is a so-called air compressor. Since the oil for vacuum pumps has a low vapor pressure, it can be used as a liquid piston for a liquid reciprocating compressor.

In addition, a heat insulating compressor is further provided.
The working fluid that has not been liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means is made high temperature and high pressure by an adiabatic compressor and liquefied by a condenser.

Further, the reciprocating liquid is a refrigeration cycle liquid refrigerant,
The gas is a gas refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle.

Furthermore, a gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the condenser and the gas of the working fluid evaporated by the evaporation means is provided.

Furthermore, the gas-liquid heat exchanger is provided with a check valve for preventing a backflow of gas.

In addition, a heating heat source is further provided.
A heating heat source such as a combustion heat source is used when the working fluid is changed to a high temperature and a high pressure by the pressure conversion means, but a higher temperature is desired.

Further, the communication device further includes a communication unit.

Further, the heating heat source is a computer heat generation heat source.
In the data center, the CPU of the computer is the heat source.
Evaporator heat source for evaporator.

Furthermore, a heat pipe for transporting the heat of the heating heat source to the evaporation means is further provided.
In order to transport the heat generated by the CPU to the evaporator, the CPU and the evaporator's evaporator pipe are connected by a heat pipe to transport the CPU generated heat to the evaporator.

In the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapor can be liquefied by volume expansion with an expander.
If the volume is expanded a plurality of times, all the refrigerant vapor can be liquefied.
This eliminates the need for an adiabatic compressor and condenser.
A liquid pump is necessary for circulation of the cycle, but the power of the pump is much smaller than the power of the adiabatic compressor of the same circulation amount, which greatly reduces energy.
In addition, it is possible to generate power with the energy extracted by liquefaction.
This uses the energy absorbed by the evaporator without radiating heat with the condenser as in the prior art, thus contributing to the prevention of the heat island phenomenon and the reduction of CO2 emissions.

It is an inflator. The inflator is a pressure vessel. Basically it is made of steel. Consider low temperature vulnerability depending on temperature. The inflator has 14 gas inlets, 19 liquid outlets and 17 gas outlets. The overall configuration consists of 15 gently enlarged parts and 16 reduced parts. The gas is volume-expanded at 15 enlarged portions, and the work is taken out and liquefied. Since it is difficult to increase the expansion ratio, volume expansion is performed with a plurality of expanders. Since the gas liquefaction is a part, the volume-expanded working fluid becomes liquid and gaseous wet vapor. The wet steam finally collides with the 16 reduced portions and is separated from the liquid. The liquid is led to 19 gas outlets and the gas is led to 17 gas outlets. The discharged gas absorbs the work W and becomes a high-speed gas. Eighteen pressure equalization tubes are used to equalize the pressure in the inflator and 20 low pressure receivers when gravity drops the liquid into 20 low pressure receivers. It is a ph diagram of vapor expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (only an expander). Evaporate from 1 with an evaporator. 2 completes evaporation. The gas is isothermally expanded from 2 to 3 with an expander to liquefy part of the gas. As for 3-4, a part of gas is further liquefied by the second isothermal expansion. 4 to 5 further liquefy a part of the gas by the third isothermal expansion. 5 to 6 further liquefy part of the gas by the fourth isothermal expansion. 6 to 7 further liquefy a part of the gas by the fifth isothermal expansion. When expansion is repeated, the gas portion in the two phases decreases, and the amount of energy extraction and liquefaction gradually decreases. When the liquid is completely liquefied in 7, low-pressure liquid is accumulated in the liquid receiver. 8 to 9 are throttle expansion processes. Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (expander only). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. The refrigerant liquid stored in the final liquid receiver at the start of the cycle 22 is sent by a high pressure pump 21, expanded by a capillary tube 23, decompressed and evaporated by a 24 evaporator. The refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator 24 is volume-expanded by the expander 25a, and a part of the gas is liquefied. The remaining gas is further liquefied by a 25b expander. By repeating the volume expansion several times, all the gas is liquefied. The energy extracted when the gas is liquefied becomes velocity energy according to the law of conservation of energy. The refrigerant gas having velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbines 26a to 26d, and converted into electrical energy by the generators 27a to d to generate electric power. The refrigerant liquefied by the expanders 25a to 25e is dropped by gravity into the low pressure receiver 20 by using the first pressure equalizing pipe 29 by opening the solenoid valve 28a. The low pressure receiver 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of the float switch 31 and opens the solenoid valves 28d and 28e and drops them to the final receiver 22 by gravity using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the solenoid valves 28c and 28d are closed. When the liquid level is detected at a low level of 32 float switches, the solenoid valves 28d and 28e are closed, the solenoid valves 28a and 28b are opened, and the liquid liquefied by the expander is stored in the low pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the solenoid valves 28c, 28d and 28e are opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the 20 low pressure receivers to the 22 final receivers using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the solenoid valves 28a, 28b and 28c are closed. Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (gas expansion liquefaction means + turbine + generator + high pressure pump + condenser) Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (gas expansion liquefaction means + turbine + generator + high pressure pump + condenser). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. The refrigerant liquid stored in the final receiver at the start of the cycle 22 is fed by the high-pressure pump 21, expanded by the capillary tube 23, decompressed, and evaporated by the evaporator 24. The refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator 24 is volume-expanded by the expander 25a, and a part of the gas is liquefied. The remaining gas is further liquefied by a 25b expander. When the gas is liquefied, the extracted energy becomes velocity energy according to the law of energy conservation. The refrigerant gas having velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbines 26a and 26b, and converted into electrical energy by the generators 27a and 27b to generate electric power. Further, the gas exiting the turbine 26b is volume-expanded by an expander 25c, and using a Laval nozzle 35, velocity energy is converted into thermal energy and led to a condenser 36. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas led to the condenser 36 is used for heating, defrosting, water heating, and the like by exchanging heat with ambient ambient air, water, and the like during condensation. The refrigerant liquefied by heat exchange in 36 condensers is led to 22 final liquid receivers. The refrigerant liquefied by the expanders 25a to 25c is opened by the solenoid valve 28a, and is dropped by gravity to the low pressure receiver 20 by the first pressure equalizing pipe 29. The low pressure receiver of 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of the float switch of 31 and opens the solenoid valves of 28d and 28e and drops them by gravity to the final receiver of 22 with the second pressure equalizing pipe of 30, and with the condenser of 36 Merge with liquefied refrigerant. At this time, the solenoid valves 28a and 28b are closed. When the liquid level is detected at a low level of 32 float switches, the solenoid valves 28d and 28e are closed, the solenoid valves 28a and 28b are opened, and the liquid liquefied by the expander is stored in the low pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the solenoid valves 28d and 28e are opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the low pressure receiver 20 to the final receiver 22 using the second pressure equalizing pipe 30. At this time, the solenoid valves 28a, 28b and 28c are closed. Steam boiler steam expansion power generation This is steam boiler steam expansion power generation. Water is fed from 39 water supply tanks to 39 boilers by 38 water supply pumps. The water heated by the boiler 39 becomes steam, and the steam energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine 26a, and is converted into electric energy by the generator 27a to generate electric power. Then, the steam emitted from the turbine 26a is volume-expanded by an expander 25 to liquefy the gas. The energy extracted when the gas is liquefied becomes velocity energy according to the law of conservation of energy. Steam with velocity energy is converted into mechanical energy by the turbine 26b, and converted into electric energy by the generator 27b to generate electricity. The water liquefied by the 25 inflator is dropped by gravity into the 37 water tank. As a result, the steam energy previously discarded in the condenser is extracted by the expander, and the power generation efficiency is greatly improved. Steam expansion refrigeration cycle power generation (expander + adiabatic compressor + condenser). The starting force of this cycle is 21 high pressure pumps. The refrigerant liquid stored in the final receiver at the start of the cycle 22 is fed by the high-pressure pump 21, expanded by the capillary tube 23, decompressed, and evaporated by the evaporator 24. The refrigerant gas evaporated by 24 evaporators is expanded by 25 expanders to extract energy and generate electric power. The expander is the reverse use of a scroll expander or adiabatic compressor. Since the discharge port of the adiabatic compressor is used as the suction port of the expander and reversely rotated, the motor becomes a generator. The refrigerant gas evaporated by the evaporator of 24 is expanded by the expander of 25 and becomes a crushing vapor. Squeeze vapor is separated into gas and liquid by 40 gas-liquid separators. Although the liquefaction rate varies depending on the expansion ratio, it is necessary to pass through an eight-fold expander with R22 and an expansion ratio of 4 in order to reduce the gas amount to about 20%. Since the liquefaction efficiency gradually deteriorates as the liquefaction rate increases, the liquefaction efficiency is finally liquefied by a condenser of 36 using a 41 adiabatic compressor and put into a final receiver. The liquid separated by 40 gas-liquid separators falls to 20 low-pressure receivers by gravity. The low pressure receiver 20 detects the liquid level at the high position of 31 float switch, uses the pressure equalizing pipe 18, opens the solenoid valve 28b, equalizes the pressure with the final receiver and opens the solenoid valve 28c. And move it by gravity. At this time, the solenoid valve 28a is closed. If the liquid level is detected at 32 float switches, the solenoid valves 28b and 28c are closed, the solenoid valve 28a is opened, and the liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator 40 is removed. Store in a low-pressure receiver. At the end of the cycle, the solenoid valve 28a is opened, and the refrigerant liquid is dropped by gravity from the low pressure receiver 20 to the final receiver 22 using the pressure equalizing pipe 18. At this time, the solenoid valves 28a and 28d are closed. It is a low-pressure receiver. The low-pressure liquid receiver stores the low-pressure refrigerant liquid liquefied by the expander. 42 pressure vessels, 43a and 43b liquid tubes, 29 first pressure equalizing tubes, and 30 second pressure equalizing tubes. In order to put the liquid liquefied by the expander into the low pressure receiver, the pressure equalizing pipe 29 is opened to equalize the pressures of the low pressure receiver and the expander, and the low pressure receiver using the gravity of the liquid. Pour liquid into. The pressure equalizing tube 30 is used when the liquid in the low pressure receiver is dropped to the final receiver by gravity. The float switch 31 is used to detect that about half of the liquid in the container has been stored so that the low-pressure receiver is full and the liquid does not compress the gas in the low-pressure receiver and is dropped into the final receiver. . The float switch 32 detects the liquid level in order to stop the liquid from dropping into the final receiver. The final receiver. The final liquid receiver is a liquid receiver that stores refrigerant liquid at the time of start-up, and is a liquid receiver that combines and stores the liquid of the low-pressure liquid receiver or the liquid liquefied by the condenser. 42 pressure vessels, 43a liquid tube, 43b liquid tube, 43c liquid tube and 30 second pressure equalizing tube. The liquid pipe 43a is connected to the low-pressure receiver, the liquid pipe 43b is connected to the condenser, and the liquid pipe 43c is connected to the pump. The refrigerant liquid liquefied by the condenser enters the final liquid receiver through the liquid pipe 43b. For this reason, since the pressure of the final liquid receiver becomes high, a second pressure equalizing pipe is required to put the liquid in the low pressure liquid receiver into the final liquid receiver. The liquid in the final receiver is sent to the expansion by a pump.

1 Evaporation start point 2 Evaporation completion and liquefaction start point by the first inflator
3 End of liquefaction by the 1st inflator and start of liquefaction by the 2nd inflator 4 End of liquefaction by the 2nd inflator and start of liquefaction by the 3rd inflator 5 End of liquefaction by the 3rd inflator And the liquefaction start point by the 4th expander 6 The liquefaction end point by the 4th expander and the liquefaction start point by the 5th expander 7 The liquefaction end point by the 5th expander and the pressurization start point by the pump 8 Pressurization by the pump End point and expansion start point by throttling 9 End point of expansion by throttling 10 Liquid phase 11 Liquid phase and gas phase 12 Gas phase 13 Critical point (c, p)
14 Gas suction port 15 Enlargement unit 16 Reduction unit 17 Gas discharge port 18 Pressure equalizing pipe 19 Liquid discharge port 20 Low pressure receiver 21 High pressure pump 22 Final receiver 23 Nozzle 24 Evaporators 25a to e Expanders 26a to d Turbines 27a to 27a d Generator 28a-e Solenoid valve
29 First pressure equalizing pipe 30 Second pressure equalizing pipe 31 Float switch high level 32 Float switch low level 33 Liquid 34 Gas 35 Laval nozzle 36 Condenser 37 Water supply tank 38 Water supply pump 39 Boiler 40 Gas-liquid separator 41 Adiabatic compressor 42 Pressure vessel 43abc Liquid pipe
44 Water 45 Steam

Claims (52)

A gas volume expansion utilization device comprising gas expansion liquefaction means for liquefying gas by volume expansion of a working fluid gas 2. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid exists in a two-phase state of liquid gas when the volume expansion is liquefied. 3. A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of said gas expansion liquefaction means. 4. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising extraction energy utilization means for utilizing energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means. 5. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising mechanical energy conversion means for converting energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into mechanical energy. 6. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, further comprising pressure energy conversion means for converting velocity energy extracted by the gas expansion liquefaction means into pressure energy. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a power generation means for converting mechanical energy converted by the mechanical energy conversion means into electric energy. 8. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising condensing means for condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure gas of the working fluid. 9. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a pump for delivering the working fluid liquid. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising evaporation means for evaporating the liquid of the working fluid. 11. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid pressure reducing means for reducing the liquid of the working fluid to a predetermined evaporation pressure. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a low pressure switching means for switching the liquid low pressure means. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is a refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle. 14. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is water. Further, the gas expansion liquefaction means is a gas volume expansion part,
A gas inlet,
A gas-liquid separation unit that gas-liquid separates the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the volume expansion of the gas and the gas not liquefied;
The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the expander includes a gas discharge unit. 16. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said gas expansion liquefaction means, mechanical energy conversion means, and power generation means are expansion machines that use adiabatic compressors. 17. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a low-pressure receiver that stores the working fluid liquefied by the gas expansion liquefaction means. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a final receiver for storing the liquid of the working fluid. Furthermore, a moving means is provided, The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus of Claims 1-18 characterized by the above-mentioned. Furthermore, a building is provided with the gas volume expansion utilization apparatus of Claims 1-19 characterized by the above-mentioned. Furthermore, an electrical storage means is provided, The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus of Claims 1-20 characterized by the above-mentioned. Furthermore, the electronic power converter is provided, The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus of Claims 1-21 characterized by the above-mentioned. 23. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressure conversion means is a Laval nozzle. 24. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure conversion means is a diffuser. 25. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation means is an evaporator used in a refrigeration cycle. 26. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the evaporation means is a boiler. 27. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical energy conversion means is a turbine. 28. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the turbine member is a fiber reinforced plastic. 29. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the liquid pressure reducing means is a capillary tube. 30. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the turbine bearing is a fluid bearing and the fluid is a working fluid. 31. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the condensing means is a condenser used in a refrigeration cycle. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising the evaporation means having different evaporation pressures. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising the gas expansion liquefaction means for each different evaporation pressure. 34. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising low-pressure receiver pressure detection means for detecting the pressure of the liquid in the low-pressure receiver. 35. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising low-pressure receiver liquid level detecting means for detecting a liquid level of the low-pressure receiver. 36. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising pump liquid source switching means for switching the liquid source of the pump to the low pressure liquid receiver or the final liquid receiver. 37. A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first pressure equalizing pipe that makes the pressure of the expander and the low-pressure liquid receiver equal. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second pressure equalizing pipe that makes the pressure of the low-pressure receiver and the high-pressure receiver equal. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heating heat source for heating the gas of the working fluid. Furthermore, a vacuum pump is provided, The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus of Claims 1-39 characterized by the above-mentioned. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cooled object temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature of the cooled object. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid is geothermal steam. And a pressure vessel,
A reciprocating liquid that reciprocates in the pressure vessel;
A reciprocating liquid suction valve;
A reciprocating liquid discharge valve;
A gas intake valve and a gas discharge valve;
43. A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a liquid reciprocating compressor comprising a pump for delivering a reciprocating liquid at a high pressure. Further, the reciprocating liquid is used as a vacuum pump oil,
44. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claims 1 to 43, wherein the gas is air. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an adiabatic compressor. Further, the reciprocating liquid is a refrigeration cycle liquid refrigerant,
46. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the gas is a gas refrigerant for a refrigeration cycle. 47. The gas volume expansion utilization method according to claim 1, further comprising a gas-liquid heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the liquid of the working fluid liquefied by the condenser and the gas of the working fluid evaporated by the evaporation means. apparatus 48. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the gas-liquid heat exchanger further comprises a check valve for preventing a backflow of gas. 49. A gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a heating heat source. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 49, further comprising communication means. 51. The gas volume expansion utilization device according to claim 1, wherein the heating heat source is a computer heat generation heat source. 52. The gas volume expansion utilization apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a heat pipe for transporting heat of the heating heat source to the evaporation means.

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