JP2014057557A - Pre-harvesting treatment device for long crops - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an unconventional novel pre-harvesting treatment device which enables a harvesting machine to reap and harvest long crops easily and with a high yield by performing a pretreatment operation in advance of reaping and harvesting if long crops are lodged in the reaping and harvesting of the crops.SOLUTION: A pre-harvesting treatment device 10 for long crops is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle 42 traveling in a field, pre-treats the lodged long crops in advance of reaping the long crops, and comprises: a lower structural member 12 arranged so as to extend forward along the ground surface from the traveling vehicle 42; an upper structural member 14 arranged to be inclined upward so as to gradually become higher toward the back from the front end of the lower structural member 12; a side structural member 16 arranged to be inclined sideward so as to gradually spread to one lateral side toward the back from the front end of the lower structural member 12; and a tip protrusion part 30 arranged so as to protrude further forward from the front end of the lower structural member 12.

Description

  The present invention is a device for performing pretreatment work prior to cutting and harvesting when harvesting a large crop exceeding 2 meters such as corn or sorghum for feed, and harvesting by a harvester such as a corn harvester The present invention relates to an unprecedented new pre-harvest processing apparatus that facilitates harvesting and can achieve a reduction in worker labor and an improvement in harvest rate.

  Conventionally, long crops such as corn and sorghum have been cultivated for feed for livestock such as cattle and horses. Such a large crop with a large plant height is generally harvested by cutting with a harvesting machine such as a corn harvester and harvesting by chopping or forming with a roll baler to form a wrap roll.

  As is well known, a harvesting machine such as a corn harvester includes a cutting unit including a cutter that cuts and harvests stem stocks, and a conveyance unit that conveys the harvested grass. In addition, a divider (herbicidal device) is equipped in front of the cutting part, and by running along the strips planted in the field, the divider near the root of the stem of the crop is divided by the divider. Guided in the traveling direction is guided to the cutting part.

  However, long crops such as for feeds can grow up to a height of over 2 meters, and are generally open-field cultivation in vast fields. easy. When such a large grass-type crop surrenders due to wind and rain, the grasses are intricately entangled with each other because of their long length, and as shown in FIG. turn into.

  And when lodging is intense, it will be in the situation where even advance of harvesting machines, such as a corn harvester, will be prevented, and harvest will become difficult remarkably. It is conceivable to start up by manually scraping up a long and slender crop, but it is difficult to work because the crop is long and the foliage is tangled, and fatigue is unimaginable because the field is vast. . For this reason, the harvester is forced to run with a large power harvester, but this makes it difficult to cut from the stem stem stock, resulting in a significant reduction in yield. In addition, since a high stump remains without being cut, the subsequent field work becomes difficult.

  It is also conceivable to apply an elevating device used in a harvesting machine for grains such as rice and wheat when lodging such long crops. However, the pulling device is arranged with an inclination of about 70 degrees as described in JP-A-8-89050 (Patent Document 1) and JP-A-2003-23839 (Patent Document 2). The pickup tine (raising claw) is simply driven by a raising chain that is circulated and driven in the case. Therefore, if rice or wheat with a height of less than 1 m is tilted slightly, the posture can be adjusted almost upright, but even rice and wheat cannot cope with significant lodging, and much longer. It was never able to cope with the lodging state of a long-sized crop with stalks and leaves intertwined with a scale.

JP-A-8-89050 JP 2003-23839 A

  The present invention has been made in the background as described above, and the problem to be solved is that such crops are not suitable for harvesting and harvesting large crops exceeding 2 meters such as corn and sorghum for feed. In the case of lodging, a new harvest that has never been made before, by performing pre-processing work prior to harvest harvesting, enables easy harvesting with a harvesting machine such as a corn harvester and a high yield. It is to provide a pretreatment device.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention made to solve the above-described problems will be described. In addition, the component employ | adopted in each aspect as described below is employable by arbitrary combinations as much as possible.

  The first aspect of the present invention is: (a) a pre-harvest pretreatment device for a large crop that is mounted on a traveling vehicle capable of self-propelling in a field and pre-treats the fallen long crop prior to cutting the long crop; (B) a lower structural member provided so as to extend forward along the ground surface from the traveling vehicle, and (c) a height gradually increasing from the front end of the lower structural member toward the rear. An upper structural member provided to be inclined upward, and (d) a side structural member provided to be laterally inclined so as to gradually spread from the front end of the lower structural member toward the lateral side. (E) A pre-harvest pretreatment device for a large crop, characterized by including a tip protrusion provided to protrude further forward from the front end of the lower structural material.

  In the pre-harvest processing apparatus having the structure according to this aspect, (b) the lower structural material, (c) the upper structural material, and (d) the side structural material cooperate to move from the front to the rear in the traveling direction. A tapered frame structure is formed. In particular, in such a frame structure, not only (b) the lower structure material and (d) the side structure material spread laterally in the lower part, but also (b) from the lower structure material to the upper part (c) The structural material stands up diagonally toward the rear.

  And since long crops such as corn and sorghum are also cultivated by making strips, the pre-harvest treatment attached so as to extend to the front of the traveling vehicle by running the traveling vehicle along these strips The apparatus can be pushed efficiently with a relatively small driving force as if inserted between the strips of a large crop. In this way, the pre-harvest processing device that can push the gaps between the long and large crops is a structure that exhibits a high strength in the traveling direction by three structural materials extending in the front-rear direction, and resists the resistance force of the tangled leaves and leaves. It is possible to efficiently guide and arrange long crops that have fallen down due to the spread structure between the materials.

  Therefore, after preparing the state of the long crop that has been laid down by the pre-harvest processing device of this embodiment, the entanglement of the stems and leaves of the long crop is eliminated by running the harvesting device such as a corn harvester along the planted line. The harvesting device can be run in a wet state, and the running resistance exerted on the harvesting device by the overgrown long crop is reduced as much as possible. In addition, since long crops prepared with the pre-harvest treatment device are forward-facing with the front of the stock, the stock is moved to the front by running the harvesting device in the same direction as the pre-harvest treatment device. Thus, the exposed stock can be easily and stably cut with the cutter of the harvesting unit of the harvesting device.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the pre-harvest processing apparatus according to the first aspect, the upper structural material is inclined upward and rearward with respect to the lower structural material. It extends to the same lateral side as the side structure material with a smaller side inclination angle than the structure material.

  In the pre-harvest processing apparatus according to this aspect, the upper structural material is inclined upward and obliquely laterally with respect to the lower structural material, thereby further increasing the resistance caused by the foliage of the large crop that has fallen and intertwined. It is possible to run while suppressing effectively and align such long crops.

  A third aspect of the present invention is the pre-harvest processing apparatus according to the first or second aspect, wherein the length of the front-rear direction is a portion constituted by the lower structural material and the upper structural material. The dimension is 80 to 200 cm, and the height dimension in the vertical direction is 50 to 150 cm.

  In the pre-harvest treatment apparatus of this embodiment, the apparatus is particularly suitable for cutting long feed crops such as corn and sorghum for feed.

  Particularly preferably in the present invention, the inclination angle of the upper structural member is set to 30 to 50 degrees with respect to the lower structural member extending in the horizontal direction in the side view, and the lower structure extending in the front-rear direction in the plan view. The opening angle of the side structure material is set to 5 to 15 degrees with respect to the material. By adopting such a relative angle of the structural material, even when long crops for feed such as corn or sorghum for feed fall and intertwined, the resistance of the crop can be kept small, and the engine output Even if a relatively small output traveling vehicle such as a small and lightweight walking type single-axis tractor of about 5 kW is used, it can be used at a speed comparable to walking.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the pre-harvest treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, the first structural member is disposed between the upper structural member and the side structural member. A covering material is provided to cover a surface sandwiched between the upper structural material and the side structural material.

  In the pre-harvest processing apparatus according to this aspect, the tip side portion of the long crop that is sorted by the upper structure material or the side structure material and is arranged toward the front in the traveling direction is between the upper structure material and the side structure material. Intrusion is prevented by the covering material. Therefore, it is possible to avoid an increase in running resistance due to the entry of long crops between the superstructure material and the side structure material, and it is possible to sort and arrange the long crops more stably. become.

  In addition, a plate, a rod, a sheet | seat, etc. can be employ | adopted suitably for the coating | covering material employ | adopted in this aspect, and it is not necessary to cover all the surfaces pinched | interposed by the upper structure material and the side part structure material.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the pre-harvest processing apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, the lower structure material, the upper structure material, and the side structure all extend linearly. The lower structural member, the upper structural member, and the side structural member are positioned and fixed to each other by connecting fixtures at the front side end portion and the rear side end portion, respectively.

  The pre-harvest processing apparatus of this aspect can be configured with a simple structure by combining linear rod-shaped members made of metal, resin, or the like. In addition, since linear rod-shaped members can be combined with a truss-like structure, an axial load is mainly applied during use. For example, sufficient strength can be ensured even if a hollow pipe material is used. Thus, the overall weight of the apparatus can be reduced.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the pre-harvest treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the tip protrusion has a sharp tip.

  In the pre-harvest treatment apparatus of this aspect, the resistance at the time of use can be further reduced by entering the tip of the sharp shape into the stalks and leaves of a long crop that is intertwined and intertwined. I can do it. In addition, the grounding resistance is effectively reduced by the sharp tip even when the tip of the device is tilted downward and grounded due to the resistance of long-sized crops and the unevenness of the field scene during use. Can be mitigated.

  According to the pre-harvest processing device structured according to the present invention, prior to cutting a large crop that has fallen and intertwined with its stems and leaves, it can be used by pushing it into the inter-rows of such a long crop with a small driving force. Thus, it becomes possible to efficiently guide and arrange long crops that have fallen by sorting intertwined foliage. Therefore, after preparing the state of a long and slender crop with the pre-harvest processing device of the present invention, a long and slender crop that has fallen easily can be easily obtained by running along a line with a harvesting device such as a corn harvester. In addition, it can be harvested with good harvesting efficiency.

The side view which shows the pre-harvest processing apparatus as one Embodiment of this invention. The top view of the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown by FIG. The front view of the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown by FIG. The rear view of the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown in FIG. Side surface explanatory drawing which shows the state which mounted | wore the traveling vehicle with the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown by FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the use condition of the traveling vehicle equipped with the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is another explanatory diagram showing a usage state of the traveling vehicle equipped with the pre-harvest processing device shown in FIG. 5. Explanatory drawing which shows the state of the long-sized crop in the agricultural field after use of the traveling vehicle equipped with the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the state which attached the coating board to the pre-harvest processing apparatus shown by FIG. 1 in the mounting state to a traveling vehicle. Explanatory drawing which shows the use condition of the traveling vehicle equipped with the pre-harvest processing device shown in FIG. Explanatory drawing which shows the example of the lodging state of the long-sized crop in the agricultural field as background art of this invention.

  Hereinafter, in order to clarify the present invention more specifically, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  First, FIGS. 1 to 4 show a pre-harvest treatment apparatus 10 for a long crop as an embodiment of the present invention. In the following description, the front indicates the left side in FIG. 1, and the rear indicates the right side in FIG. Further, the upper direction indicates the upper side in FIG. 1, and the lower side indicates the lower side in FIG.

  The pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 includes a frame structure 18 including a lower structural member 12, an upper structural member 14, and a side structural member 16 extending in the front-rear direction. Specifically, the lower structural member 12 is arranged extending in the horizontal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1), while the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16 are rearward from the front end of the lower structural member 12. It is arranged to be inclined upward so as to gradually become higher.

  In this embodiment, the upward inclination angle of the upper structural member 14 is larger than the upward inclination angle of the side structural member 16, and the rear end portion of the upper structural member 14 is more than the rear end portion of the lateral structural member 16. Is also placed at a high position. Here, the upward inclination angle α1 (see FIG. 1) of the upper structural member 14 is preferably set to 30 degrees ≦ α1 ≦ 50 degrees. On the other hand, the upward inclination angle α2 (see FIG. 1) of the side structural member 16 is preferably determined in consideration of the inclination of the lower structural member 12 under the traveling condition that is used by being attached to the tractor 42 as will be described later. Is set to 5 degrees ≦ α2 ≦ 20 degrees.

  Further, the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16 are respectively on the same side in the lateral direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) with respect to the lower structural member 12 (the right side of the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 in this embodiment). It is arranged at an angle. Specifically, the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16 are disposed so as to be laterally inclined so as to gradually spread rearward from the front end portion of the lower structural member 12.

  In the present embodiment, the lateral inclination angle of the upper structural member 14 is smaller than the lateral inclination angle of the lateral structural member 16, and the rear end portion of the lateral structural member 16 is the rear end of the upper structural member 14. It is arranged outside the part. Here, the side inclination angle β (see FIG. 2) of the side structural member 16 is preferably set to 5 degrees ≦ β ≦ 15 degrees. On the other hand, the side inclination angle of the upper structural member 14 is set in a clamp connection structure with the vertical support 20 described later, and the setting of the side inclination angle is not essential.

  Here, to the rear portion of the lower structural member 12, a lower end portion of the vertical column 20 extending in a vertical direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1) from above the lower structural member 12 is connected, and the side structural member 16 is also connected. A horizontal column 22 extending in the horizontal direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) is disposed at the rear end of the. The rear end of the upper structural member 14 and the upper end of the vertical column 20, the rear end of the side structural member 16 and the side end of the horizontal column 22, the lengthwise intermediate portion of the vertical column 20 and the horizontal column Each of the 22 middle portions in the longitudinal direction is connected. Furthermore, the front end of the upper structural member 14 is connected to the upper surface of the front portion of the side structural member 16, and the front end of the side structural member 16 is connected to the upper surface of the front portion of the lower structural member 12. .

  In the present embodiment, the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20 and 22 connected at these connecting portions are positioned and fixed to each other by the connecting fixtures. 12, 14, 16 and the respective supports 20, 22. Specifically, the connection fixture at the connection portion between the lower structural member 12 and the vertical support column 20 is an unadjustable fixture 24 in which the connection position cannot be adjusted. On the other hand, a connection fixture at a connection portion between the upper structural member 14 and the vertical column 20, a connection fixture at a connection portion between the side structure member 16 and the horizontal column 22, and a connection fixation at a connection portion between the vertical column 20 and the horizontal column 22. The tool is an adjustable fixture 26 whose connection position can be adjusted.

  The non-adjustable fixture 24 may be, for example, one that only connects and fixes each of the lower structural member 12 and the vertical column 20 to be connected, or may be welded or bonded after being fixed. In addition, the method for adjusting the connection position between the structural material and the column by the adjustable fixture 26 is not limited in any way. For example, the adjustable fixture 26 includes the structural materials 14 and 16 and the columns 20 and 22. A through-hole to be inserted is provided, and a method of adjusting the connecting position by sliding the structural members 14 and 16 and the support columns 20 and 22 through the through-hole can be used. In this case, it is preferable that the dimension of the through hole provided in the adjustable fixture 26 is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the dimension of the structural material or the column to be inserted.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, spherical rotatable fixtures 28 are provided at the front ends of the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16, respectively, and the front portion and the lower structural member of the side structural member 16 are respectively provided. 12 is connected to the front portion. With this rotatable fixture 28, the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16 and the side structural member 16 and the lower structural member 12 can be rotated relative to each other. The connection method of each structural member 12, 14, 16 and the rotatable fixture 28 is not limited in any way. For example, the center of the rotatable fixture 28 and each structure 12, 14, 16 are connected to a pin having a small diameter. The structural bodies 12, 14, and 16 can be rotated relative to each other by being connected and fixed by, for example.

  Here, in the present embodiment, each of the structural members 12, 14, and 16 and the support columns 20 and 22 is a rod-shaped member that is a small and long linearly extending member as a whole. Each of the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20, 22 may be formed of wood, bamboo, or the like, but the strength and durability of the pre-harvest processing device 10, quality stability, and ease of handling. In consideration of the above, it is preferable to form the metal material or the synthetic resin material. In particular, a metal hollow pipe material that is lightweight and easy to handle while ensuring strength is more preferable. Specifically, carbon steel pipes and stainless steel pipes for general structures that are provided to the market as applications such as agricultural houses and pipe houses (vinyl houses), scaffolds for construction work sites, water supply and drainage pipes, etc. Etc. are available.

  Further, the connecting fixture including the non-adjustable fixture 24, the adjustable fixture 26, and the rotatable fixture 28 can be formed of a metal material, a synthetic resin material, rubber, an elastomer, or the like. The material of these connecting fixtures is not particularly limited. For example, considering the strength and the like, the material of the non-adjustable fixture 24 is preferably a hard material such as metal or synthetic resin. Further, for example, considering the sliding of the structural members 14 and 16 and the struts 20 and 22 as the material of the adjustable fixture 26, a low friction material such as rubber or elastomer may be employed. In addition, when each structural material 12, 14, 16 and each support | pillar 20 and 22 are made into a hollow pipe material, as a connection fixture, a pipe joint, a pipe clamp, a U-bolt etc. which are provided on the market are also used. Is available.

  With respect to the lower structural member 12 and the upper structural member 14 having such a structure, the length dimension L1 (see FIG. 1) in the front-rear direction is 80 cm ≦ L1 in the portion constituted by both the structural members 12 and 14. It is preferable that ≦ 200 cm. Moreover, it is preferable that the height dimension L2 (refer FIG. 1) of an up-down direction is set to 50 cm <= L2 <= 150cm.

  The lower structural member 12 extends further forward by a predetermined length from the connecting portion with the side structural member 16, and the protruding portion is a tip protruding portion 30. The tip protrusion 30 is inclined with respect to the lower structural member 12 so as to gradually increase toward the front in consideration of the inclination of the lower structural member 12 under traveling conditions attached to a tractor 42 described later. Is provided. Moreover, the front-end | tip part 31 which is the front part of the front-end | tip protrusion part 30 is made into the taper shape which sharpens toward a front end part.

  Further, a base member 32 is disposed behind the frame structure 18. In the present embodiment, the base member 32 has a generally block shape as a whole, and a recess is formed at a predetermined position on the front end surface of the base member 32. In addition, the vertical dimension of the base member 32 is set to a size that does not reach from the lower part of the horizontal support 22 to the upper part of the lower structural member 12. A pair of fixed clamps 34 and 34 are fixed to the upper surface of the base member 32, and the pair of fixed clamps 34 and 34 sandwich and fix the horizontal column 22. Further, an adjustable fixture 26 for connecting the vertical column 20 and the horizontal column 22 is located between the opposed surfaces of the pair of fixed clamps 34, 34. Thereby, by vertically displacing the vertical position of the horizontal support 22 with respect to the vertical support 20, the vertical position of the pair of fixed clamps 34, 34 sandwiching the horizontal support 22 is also displaced corresponding to the horizontal support 22. Further, the vertical position of the base member 32 fixed to each of the fixed clamps 34 and 34 is also displaced corresponding to the horizontal column 22.

  Further, hook-shaped convex portions 36 and 36 are formed to project downward from the rear portions of the fixed clamps 34 and 34, and the tips of the convex portions 36 and 36 are formed on the front end surface of the base member 32. It is made to enter into the recess to be formed. In this manner, the base member 32 is positioned and fixed with respect to the fixed clamp 34 and, consequently, the horizontal support 22 by the concave and convex fitting between the fixed portion of the pair of fixed clamps 34 and 34 and the convex portion 36. A lower limit member 38 that protrudes upward is disposed at the rear end of the lower structural member 12. The width direction (vertical direction in FIG. 2) dimension of the upper part of the lowering restricting member 38 is made equal to the dimension between the pair of projecting portions 36, 36, whereby each projecting portion extending from each fixed clamp 34, 34 is obtained. The upper part of the lowering restricting member 38 is brought into contact between the parts 36 and 36 so that the vertical downward displacement of the horizontal support 22 relative to the vertical support 20 can be restricted.

  A mounting piece 40 is fixed to the rear end surface of the base member 32. In this embodiment, the mounting piece 40 is substantially L-shaped. Specifically, the L-shaped portion extending in the vertical direction is fixed to the rear end surface of the base member 32 by means of welding, bonding, bolt fixing, or the like, while the L-shaped horizontal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1). The extending portion is substantially the same height as the lower structural member 12.

  Such a base member 32 and the mounting piece 40 are preferably formed of the same metal material or synthetic resin material as the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20, 22. Further, the mounting piece 40 may be a hollow pipe material similar to the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20, 22.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 having such a shape is mounted on a tractor 42 as a traveling vehicle via a mounting piece 40. Specifically, the front end of the mounting piece 40 that is not fixed to the base member 32 is fixed to the front of the tractor 42 in the traveling direction (left side in FIG. 5), and the pre-harvest processing device 10 is attached to the tractor 42. Installed. Note that the tractor 42 can also be advanced to the rear, which is the right side in FIG.

  The tractor 42 of the present embodiment is a single-axis (two-wheeled) walking tractor, and includes an engine as a power engine, a power transmission device such as a clutch and a transmission, and the engine and power transmission device inside. The vehicle body 48 includes a pair of tires 50 and 50 provided at the lower portion of the vehicle body 48 as a traveling device, and a handle 52 extending rearward from the vehicle body 48 as a steering device. That is, the tractor 42 is capable of self-propelled in the field by transmitting the engine power to the axles of the tires 50 and 50 by the power transmission device and rotating the tires 50 and 50.

  In the tractor 42 of the present embodiment, a handle 52 that is operated by a worker is provided at the rear in the traveling direction (right side in FIG. 5), and the pre-harvest processing device 10 is mounted in front of the tractor 42 in the traveling direction. The Specifically, the front end of the mounting piece 40 that is not fixed to the base member 32 is detachably fixed by a bolt, a nut, and the like at the lower front portion of the vehicle body 48 in the traveling direction of the tractor 42. As a result, the lower structural member 12 extends forward from the lower front portion of the tractor 42 along the ground surface G, and the left side in FIG. The pre-harvest treatment device 10 is attached to the tractor 42 so as to be to the left in FIG.

  FIG. 5 shows a state where the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 10 is attached is placed on the ground surface G. In this state, since the tip protrusion 30 is inclined with respect to the lower structural member 12 as described above, the inclined portion is shown as contacting the ground surface G.

  The tractor 42 equipped with the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 having the above-described structure can perform pretreatment of a fallen long crop prior to harvesting the long crop. FIGS. 6 and 7 show a state in which the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 is prototyped and mounted on the tractor 42 and actually used in a farm field. Further, FIG. 8 shows a state of the farm field after trial use of the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 is attached.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the overgrown long crop is intertwined with the leaves and leaves, and in this state, it is very difficult to harvest the long crop and to prepare it by shredding after harvesting. Therefore, in the field where the overgrown long-sized crop grows, by operating the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 10 is attached as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the long-sized crop is entangled as shown in FIG. It will be resolved. In general, since a large crop is cultivated along a strip, the long crop can be efficiently aligned by running the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest treatment device 10 is attached along the strip. .

  In particular, if the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 of this embodiment is attached is used, the following effects can be exhibited. That is, in the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 of the present embodiment, since the tip 31 of the tip protrusion 30 protrudes sharply from the front end of the lower structural member 12, the long crop is entangled from the plant part. Even if it is, the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 is attached can be pushed forward so as to scrape a large crop. Then, by pushing forward the frame structure 18 composed of the lower structural material 12, the upper structural material 14, and the side structural material 16 with respect to the foliage portion of the long large crop, the lying long crop is pushed up, and the tractor 42 It is possible to align along the line that is the direction of travel. In particular, the frame structure 18 has a generally triangular pyramid shape that protrudes forward as a whole, and the resistance of the large crops that are intertwined and intertwined with the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest treatment device 10 is attached is effective. Can be suppressed. In this embodiment, since the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16 are inclined to the right in the lateral direction with respect to the lower structural member 12, the length of the right side of the strip with respect to the traveling direction of the tractor 42 is large. The crops are aligned.

  Further, the long crops are aligned in the direction of travel of the tractor 42. That is, specifically, it can be aligned so that the tip portion of the long crop is forward in the direction of travel with respect to the stock portion. Therefore, after using the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 10 is attached, the stock portion of the long crop is exposed to the rear side in the traveling direction of the tractor 42. Thereby, by making a harvesting device such as a corn harvester run in the same traveling direction as that of the tractor 42, it is possible to efficiently cut a large crop from the stock source side.

  Further, the connecting portions of the upper structural member 14 and the vertical strut 20, the side structural member 16 and the horizontal strut 22, and the vertical strut 20 and the horizontal strut 22 are connected by an adjustable fixture 26. As a result, the upper structural member 14 can adjust the upward inclination angle α1 and the side structural member 16 can adjust the upward inclination angle α2 and the lateral inclination angle β with respect to the lower structural member 12. Thereby, the shape of the frame structure 18 can be adjusted according to the kind of long crops and the degree of entanglement, and the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 can be applied to many types of fields.

  Furthermore, even in fields where long crops are intricately entangled so that it is difficult to push the pre-harvest processing device 10 by human power, work efficiency can be improved by attaching the pre-harvest processing device 10 to a tractor 42 having power. While being able to improve significantly, a worker's fatigue can be reduced significantly. In particular, the yield per unit time can be greatly improved, and since the entanglement of long-sized crops is eliminated, work efficiency is greatly improved in preparation operations such as shredding after harvesting. Can be improved.

  Moreover, since each structural material 12, 14, 16 and each support | pillar 20 and 22 are made into the rod-shaped member which consists of hollow pipe materials etc. which are provided in the market, the structure of the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10 is simplified. And can be made light weight and can be easily implemented. In addition, when a large crop is intertwined in a complicated manner, a large load is applied to the pre-harvest processing apparatus 10, but at least the structural materials 12, 14, 16 and the tip portion 30 that proceed by scraping the long crop are substantially For example, sufficient strength can be ensured by being made of metal.

  Next, as another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 9 shows a pre-harvest processing device 56 in which a structural material is covered with a covering material 54 and a tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 56 is attached. Has been. FIG. 10 shows a state in which the tractor 42 equipped with the pre-harvest processing device 56 in the state shown in FIG. In addition, since it is the same as the said embodiment except the point provided with this coating | covering material 54, in FIG.9, 10, the same code | symbol as the said embodiment is attached | subjected to the same member and site | part as the said embodiment, and detailed. Description is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, a covering material 54 is provided so as to cover the surface sandwiched between the upper structural material 14 and the side structural material 16 across the upper structural material 14 and the side structural material 16. ing. In the present embodiment, a canvas made of synthetic resin such as polyester that is stretched on a truck bed is used as the covering material 54. Such a canvas is superior in durability to a general synthetic resin sheet, and is characterized by being lightweight and strong.

  By forming the pre-harvest processing device 56 in such a shape, not only the effects obtained in the pre-harvest processing device 10 of the above embodiment but also the following effects can be obtained. That is, when the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 56 is mounted travels between the long and large crops, the long crop can be prevented from entering the pre-harvest processing device 56. As a result, it is possible to reduce the possibility that a long crop enters the pre-harvest processing device 56, the resistance increases, the traveling speed of the tractor 42 decreases, or the progress of the tractor 42 is hindered.

  Note that, for example, the covering material 54 may be covered over the entire surface of the frame structure 18, but the upper structure material 14 and the side structure material that substantially push up and align long crops of the frame structure 18. If the surface formed by 16 is covered, the above effect can be sufficiently exerted.

  Here, the pre-harvest treatment device 56 of the present embodiment was prototyped and mounted on the tractor 42, and the prototype was tested. This test was performed using a corn harvester and a tractor in the pretreatment by the pre-harvest treatment device 56, that is, in the strips where the long and slender crops were lined up (treated section) and not striped (untreated section). And the preparation work was performed, and the work efficiency in the treated and untreated areas was compared. This test was carried out in the Mie Prefectural Livestock Research Institute production field (1.5 ha), and as a long-lasting crop, highly digested sorghum grown for feed was affected by Typhoon No. 12 in 2011. The one that surrendered was used. The sowing date of this highly digested sorghum is June 23, 2011. The sowing method is striped, and the spacing is 75 cm.

  Moreover, “GS280-TC” manufactured by Kubota Corporation was used as the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 56 is attached. The maximum output of the engine on which the tractor 42 is mounted is about 4.8 kW (6.5 PS), and the rated output is about 3.3 kW (4.5 PS). The covering material 54 covering the upper structural member 14 and the side structural member 16 is made of polyester and polyvinyl chloride, and has a size of about 300 cm × 370 cm.

  Further, as the harvesting and preparing corn harvester and tractor, a 2-row corn harvester “MC2460” manufactured by Takakita Co., Ltd. and a tractor “MF4445” manufactured by Massey Fagerson were used, respectively.

  In the treatment area, the tractor 42 equipped with the pre-harvest treatment device 56 of the present embodiment was run in a certain direction between the strips before the long crop was harvested. Thereafter, harvesting and preparation were carried out with a corn harvester and a tractor in the treated and untreated areas, and the respective work efficiencies were compared. In addition, as an index representing each work efficiency, the average working speed of the corn harvester (m / s), the amount of dry matter treated per hour (kg / h), the length from the cut surface of the large crop cut by the corn harvester to the ground surface ( cm). Further, in the treatment section, the average traveling speed (m / s) at the time of working and non-working of the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest treatment device 56 was attached was measured.

  Here, as the average working speed of the corn harvester, each average value was calculated by repeating the strips in each of the treated and untreated sections three times. In addition, as the dry matter treatment amount per hour, the strips in each of the treated and untreated plots were repeated three times, and the average value of the yields obtained in each was calculated as (100-water content of long-sized crop (%)) / Calculated by multiplying by 100. The dry matter throughput obtained in this way was converted per hour to calculate the dry matter throughput per hour. Further, the length from the cut surface to the ground surface of the long crop cut by the corn harvester was measured for 10 samples each in the treated area and the untreated area, and the average value was calculated. Furthermore, when the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 56 is attached in the processing section is working and when it is not working, the average traveling speed of the tractor 42 is the same as that at the time of working when the tractor is repeated six times. The average value was calculated by measuring separately at the time of returning to the point (when not working).

  As a result of this test, the average working speed of the corn harvester in the treated and untreated sections was 0.4 (m / s) and 0.12 (m / s), respectively. In addition, the moisture content of the long and large crops in the treated area and the untreated area is 69.5% and 70.4%, respectively, and the dry matter treatment amount per hour in the treated area and the untreated area calculated using these is respectively 1409 (kg / h) and 288 (kg / h). Furthermore, the lengths from the cut surface to the ground surface of the long crops cut by the corn harvester in the treated and untreated plots were 11.5 (cm) and 22.5 (cm), respectively. Furthermore, the average traveling speed of the tractor 42 to which the pre-harvest processing device 56 is attached in the treatment area when working and when not working is 0.7 (m / s) and 1.6 (m / s), respectively. It was.

  From the above results, the average of the corn harvester is obtained by pre-processing by the tractor 42 equipped with the pre-harvest processing device 56 according to the present invention, that is, aligning the fallen large crops before harvesting the fallen long crops. The working speed was improved by more than 3 times. Moreover, the amount of dry matter processed per hour can be improved by about 5 times by performing the pretreatment. From this, it can be confirmed that not only the yield is improved but also the work efficiency is greatly improved. Furthermore, by applying pretreatment, the length from the cut surface of the large crop to the ground surface can be halved as compared with the case where no pretreatment is performed, which not only improves the yield. , Management of the field can be facilitated.

  Furthermore, since the average progress speed at the time of the operation | work of the tractor 42 with which the pre-harvest processing apparatus 56 was mounted | worn compared with the average working speed of the corn harvester in a processing section, for example, the pre-harvest processing apparatus 56 was mounted | worn. It is also possible to perform harvesting and preparation operations using a corn harvester and a tractor immediately after pretreatment by the tractor 42. Alternatively, it is also possible to implement the pre-harvest processing devices 10 and 56 of the present invention in front of a harvesting machine such as a corn harvester.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was explained in full detail, this invention is not limited by the specific description. For example, the connecting portions of the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20, 22 do not need to be connected by the non-adjustable fixture 24 or the adjustable fixture 26, and both members to be connected are pins or the like. It may be connected and fixed. That is, the portion constituted by the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20 and 22 may have a truss-like structure as a whole. Further, by connecting and fixing the base member 32 in the form of a rod with a pin or the like, it is possible to make a substantially truss-like structure of the entire pre-harvest processing apparatuses 10 and 56. Or when the suitable position of the upper structure material 14 or the side structure material 16 is clear with respect to the lower structure material 12, each may be fixed by welding. Thereby, the number of parts can be reduced and the manufacturing can be simplified.

  Moreover, although the non-adjustable fixing tool 24, the adjustable fixing tool 26, and the rotatable fixing tool 28 are illustrated as the connection fixing tools, the same one may be adopted as all the connection fixing tools, for example, all the connection fixing tools. The fixture may be an adjustable fixture 26.

  Furthermore, although the structural members 12, 14, 16 and the struts 20, 22 can be made the same member, the manufacturing can be simplified, but the diameters may be different or the materials may be different. May be.

  Moreover, although it is suitable for the front-end | tip part 31 of the front-end | tip protrusion part 30 to be made sharp, it does not necessarily need to be made sharp. For example, it may be a pipe shape or a hemispherical shape. Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the front-end | tip protrusion part 30 was extended from the lower structure material 12, and was formed integrally, you may form separately and may adhere later. At that time, the material can be made different between the lower structural member 12 and the protruding tip 30.

  Furthermore, the covering material 54 does not need to be a synthetic resin sheet as in the above-described embodiment, and may be, for example, cloth, metal, or wood. Further, it is not necessary to form a sheet, and one or a plurality of plate-like members or rod-like members may be juxtaposed. Further, it is not necessary to cover the entire surface between the structural materials, and for example, only the front of such a surface may be covered, or a gap may be provided.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the pre-harvest processing apparatuses 10 and 56 are attached to the tractor 42 with bolts and nuts, but may be attached with pins or the like at one place or a plurality of places. Complex operations using tools can be avoided.

10, 56: pre-harvest treatment device, 12: lower structural material, 14: upper structural material, 16: side structural material, 24: non-adjustable fixture, 26: adjustable fixture, 28: rotatable fixture, 30 : Tip protrusion, 31: tip, 42: tractor, 54: coating material

Claims (6)

A pre-harvest pretreatment device for a large crop that is attached to a traveling vehicle capable of self-propelling the field and pre-treats the fallen long crop prior to harvesting the long crop,
A lower structural member provided to extend forward from the traveling vehicle along the ground surface;
An upper structural member provided to be inclined upward so as to gradually increase from the front end of the lower structural member toward the rear;
A side structural member provided to be inclined sideways so as to gradually spread from the front end portion of the lower structural member toward the rear side;
A pre-harvest pretreatment device for a large-sized crop, comprising a tip protruding portion that protrudes further forward from a front end portion of the lower structural material.   The upper structural member is inclined upward and rearward with respect to the lower structural member, and also on the same lateral side as the side structural member with a smaller side inclination angle than the side structural member. The pre-harvest treatment apparatus for long-sized crops according to claim 1 that is spread.   In a portion constituted by the lower structural material and the upper structural material, the length dimension in the front-rear direction is set to 80 to 200 cm, and the height dimension in the vertical direction is set to 50 to 150 cm. Item 3. A pre-harvest treatment apparatus for a large crop according to item 1 or 2.   The covering material which is arrange | positioned ranging over the said upper structure material and the said side part structure material, and covers the surface pinched | interposed by these upper structure material and the side part structure material is provided. The pre-harvest treatment apparatus for a large crop according to any one of -3.   The lower structural material, the upper structural material, and the side structure are all composed of linearly extending rod-shaped members, and the lower structural material, the upper structural material, and the side structural material are front side end portions. The pre-harvest pretreatment device for long-sized crops according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is positioned and fixed to each other by a connecting fixture at each of the rear end portions.   The pre-harvest pretreatment device for long-sized crops according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tip protrusion has a sharp tip.