JP2014052328A - Natural dam observation system, observation device, and observation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve an observation system capable of observing the pondage and water level of a natural dam.SOLUTION: The observation system of a natural dam of the present embodiment includes an MP radar device, a GIS data storage unit, and an observation device. The MP radar device uses an MP radar to calculate rainfall strength data of an area including the natural dam. The GIS data storage unit acquires GIS data including the soil moisture content and geology of the natural dam, and stores it. The observation device creates observation information including the pondage and water level of the natural dam using the rainfall strength data and GIS data.

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a natural dam observation system, an observation apparatus, and an observation method.

  Conventionally, so-called natural dams may be generated due to earthquakes or sediment disasters. Natural dams are also called natural dam lakes, landslide dams, landslide dams, weir lakes, landslide dams, and natural reservoirs. Hereinafter referred to as a natural dam.

  In general, a system for observing water level and rainfall with a telemeter is constructed in an artificial dam. However, for natural dams, a system for observing water levels and rainfall has not been established because there are many areas where it is difficult to install observation devices such as telemeters.

Conventional radar rain gauges and meteorological radars are not suitable for observation of natural dams of about several km ² or less, such as the observation mesh size being as large as 1 km to 3 km.

JP2012-149920A

  It is difficult to observe the water volume and water level of a natural dam only by using a conventional radar rain gauge and a radar for weather observation.

  An object of the present invention is to realize an observation system capable of observing the water storage amount and water level of a natural dam.

  The natural dam observation system of this embodiment includes a radar device, geographic information acquisition means, and an observation device. The radar device uses a multi-parameter radar to calculate rainfall intensity data for an area including a natural dam. The geographic information acquisition means acquires geographic information including the soil moisture content and geology of the natural dam. The observation device generates observation information including a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information.

The block diagram which shows the structure of the observation system of the natural dam regarding embodiment. The figure for demonstrating the observation process of the natural dam regarding embodiment. The flowchart for demonstrating operation | movement of the observation system regarding embodiment.

  Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[System configuration]
As shown in FIG. 1, the observation system 1 of the present embodiment includes an observation device 10 that is a system body, a multi-parameter radar device (MP radar device) 11, a survey data storage unit 13, and a GIS data storage unit 14. And an output device 15.

  The observation system 1 of the present embodiment uses a multi-parameter radar (hereinafter referred to as MP radar) as a natural dam observation radar. In particular, an X-band MP radar having a wavelength of about 3 cm is used as the MP radar. The X-band MP radar is a radar that is installed especially for observing localized torrential rain (guerrilla heavy rain), and is capable of observation at a 360-degree observation mesh of, for example, 250 m.

  The MP radar apparatus 11 processes radio waves from the plurality of antennas 12 and calculates radar data obtained by observing an area of, for example, 40 km to 60 km square at 360 degrees. The radar data includes actual measurement data 110 and prediction data 111 described later. The MP radar apparatus 11 calculates highly accurate rainfall intensity data as the actual measurement data 110, for example, at 1-minute intervals.

  The survey data storage unit 13 receives various survey data of a natural dam provided from outside the system 1 via a network or the like and stores it in a storage device. The survey data includes position information of the generated natural dam, measurement data such as area and altitude, and aerial photograph data.

  The GIS data storage unit 14 receives geographic information (hereinafter referred to as GIS data) provided via a network or the like from a geographic information system (GIS) outside the system 1 (for example, a Web site) and stores the information. To store. The GIS data includes soil moisture content, geology, topography, and altitude data of the generated natural dam.

  The observation apparatus 10 is configured with a computer system composed of hardware and software as main components. As will be described later, the observation device 10 uses the radar data from the MP radar device 11, the survey data from the survey data storage unit 13, and the GIS data from the GIS data storage unit 14 to generate a natural dam. Generate observation information and alarm information. The output device 15 is connected to the observation device 10 via, for example, a network, receives the observation information and alarm information of the natural dam output from the observation device 10, and displays them on the display screen.

[System Operation]
Hereinafter, the operation of the observation system 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 2 and 3.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the natural dam 20 corresponds to a reservoir (reservoir) 21 that is generated, for example, by landslide or ground subsidence due to heavy rain or an earthquake, and has a storage amount corresponding to the amount of rainfall. The observation system 1 observes the amount of water stored in the natural dam 20 and the water level 100 from the water surface 22 to the bottom.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the observation system 1 acquires the generation information of the natural dam 20 to be observed, the observation system 1 starts a series of observation processes mainly using the observation device 10 (step S1). The generation information of the natural dam 20 is information for specifying the generated natural dam 20 and includes schematic position information. Specifically, the observation system 1 acquires the generation information by receiving and analyzing observation data from, for example, an aircraft or an artificial satellite, and identifies the natural dam 20 to be observed.

  The observation apparatus 10 acquires survey data for the identified natural dam 20 to be observed from the survey data storage unit 13 (step S2). Specifically, the survey data is acquired by surveying with an aircraft or surveying by an operator using a surveying instrument if a field survey is possible. As described above, the survey data includes the position information of the natural dam 20, measurement data such as area and altitude, and aerial photograph data.

Next, the observation apparatus 10 acquires radar data for the area of the natural dam 20 to be identified from the MP radar apparatus 11 (step S3). In this case, the radar data is
This is actual measurement data 110 indicating rainfall intensity data indicating the rainfall intensity observed by the MP radar at an interval of 1 minute for the area of the natural dam 20 to be observed. The MP radar apparatus 11 normally performs continuous observation for 24 hours, and accumulates actual measurement data 110 in the past corresponding period.

  The observation device 10 calculates the hourly rainfall amount Rh per hour and the cumulative rainfall amount for n hours based on the actual measurement data 110 accumulated from the past to the present time for the area of the natural dam 20 from the MP radar device 11 ( Step S4). Here, the actual measurement data 110 is rainfall intensity data (mm / h).

  Next, the observation apparatus 10 acquires GIS data from the GIS data storage unit 14. The GIS data includes soil moisture content, geology, topography, and altitude data of the generated natural dam. The observation device 10 calculates the effective rainfall data indicating the effective rainfall Re using the hourly rainfall Rh, the cumulative rainfall for n hours, and the GIS data (step S5). The effective rainfall Re is calculated by the following equation (1).

Re = Rh + α * Rh ₋₁ + α ² Rh ₋₂ +... + Α ⁿ Rh _−n (1)
Here, Rh is the hourly rainfall, α is an effective coefficient, and Rh− _n is the hourly rainfall n hours ago. The effective coefficient α is a coefficient that varies depending on the soil moisture content and geology of the natural dam 20 and is determined by, for example, a fuzzy method using a membership function.

  The observation device 10 calculates the amount of water stored in the natural dam 20 by calculating the effective rainfall Re of the entire area of the natural dam 20 based on the survey data (step S6). Specifically, the observation device 10 estimates the flow rate flowing into the natural dam 20 from the effective rainfall Re of the entire area, and based on the offset amount obtained by comparing the flow rate data with the actual measurement data 110, Find the amount of water stored. Furthermore, the observation apparatus 10 calculates the area and the water level 100 of the water surface 22 of the natural dam 20 to be observed using GIS data.

  Next, the observation apparatus 10 acquires prediction data 111 of radar data for the area of the natural dam 20 from the MP radar apparatus 11 (step S7). The prediction data 111 shows the predicted rainfall up to several hours ahead as rainfall intensity data that is the same as the actual rainfall. The observation device 10 uses the prediction data 111 to calculate a predicted flow rate from the predicted rainfall to the natural dam 20 and calculates a predicted water level from the current area of the natural dam 20. These predicted flow rate and predicted water level are used as predicted information.

  The observation device 10 determines whether or not the predicted water level exceeds the bank breakwater level of the natural dam 20. When the observation device 10 exceeds the bank breakwater level, the observation device 10 generates and outputs an alarm for notifying that a water flow rate exceeding the bank of the natural dam 20 is generated and alarm information including the overflow rate (step S8).

  As described above, in the observation system of this embodiment, the water storage amount and water level of the generated natural dam 20 are calculated using the radar data, survey data, and GIS data of the MP radar device 11 as observation information. Output to the output device 15. Thereby, if the output device 15 is installed in an observation center for observing a natural dam, the state of the natural dam caused by heavy rain or landslide disaster can be reliably observed.

  Further, by using the prediction data included in the radar data of the MP radar device 11, whether or not the predicted water level due to the predicted flow rate to the natural dam 20 exceeds the bank breakage water level, for example, when heavy rain continues. Determine. When the water level exceeds the dam breakwater level of the natural dam 20, alarm information including a warning to notify that and the overflow (water flow out of the natural dam 20) is output to the output device 15 installed at the observation center or the like. it can. As a result, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of disasters caused by overtopping exceeding the water level of the natural dam.

  Although several embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

1 ... natural dam observation system, 10 ... observation equipment,
11 ... Multi-parameter radar device (MP radar device), 12 ... Antenna,
13 ... Surveying data storage unit, 14 ... GIS data storage unit, 15 ... Output device,
20 ... Natural dam.

Claims (10)

A radar device that calculates rainfall intensity data for areas including natural dams using multi-parameter radar;
Geographic information acquisition means for acquiring geographical information including soil moisture content and geology of the natural dam,
A natural dam observation system comprising: an observation device that generates observation information including a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information. The observation device is
First calculation means for calculating effective rainfall data using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information;
The natural dam observation system according to claim 1, further comprising second calculation means for calculating a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam based on the effective rainfall data. The first calculation means includes
Calculating hourly rainfall data indicating rainfall per unit time from the rainfall intensity data;
Set an effective coefficient based on the geographic information,
The natural dam observation system according to claim 2, wherein the effective rainfall data is calculated using the temporal rainfall data and the effective coefficient. The geographical information acquisition means includes
The natural dam observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the natural dam is connected to a geographical information system to acquire geographical information including soil moisture content, geology, topography, and elevation data of the natural dam. . The radar apparatus includes means for calculating prediction data which is future rainfall intensity data,
The observation device is
Means for calculating an expected water level of the natural dam based on the prediction data;
The natural dam observation system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising: a unit for determining a bank breakwater level of the natural dam based on the predicted water level.   The said observation apparatus is an observation system of the natural dam of Claim 5 including a means to output warning information, when the said predicted water level exceeds the bank breakwater level of the said natural dam. First acquisition means for acquiring rainfall intensity data of an area including a natural dam calculated by a radar device using a multi-parameter radar;
Second acquisition means for acquiring geographical information including soil moisture content and geology of the natural dam;
An observation apparatus comprising observation information processing means for generating observation information including a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information. The observation information processing means includes:
First calculation means for calculating effective rainfall data using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information;
The observation apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising second calculation means for calculating a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam based on the effective rainfall data. An observation method applied to a natural dam observation system,
Processing to calculate rainfall intensity data for areas including natural dams using multi-parameter radar;
Processing for obtaining geographical information including soil moisture content and geology of the natural dam;
An observation method comprising: processing for generating observation information including a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information. The process of generating the observation information includes
Calculate effective rainfall data using the rainfall intensity data and the geographic information,
The observation method according to claim 9, wherein a water storage amount and a water level of the natural dam are calculated based on the effective rainfall data.

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