JP2014036997A - Method for evaluating quality of continuous cast slab - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately determine on-line the degree of center segregation varying with a final solidification shape spatially and temporally in the width direction of a continuous cast slab during casting.SOLUTION: A solidification state of the cast slab in continuous casting is estimated by a heat transmission model using a heat flux based on a cooling condition of at least secondary cooling. Temperature distribution in a width direction of the slab is measured by a thermometer 4b at a preset measurement position in a longitudinal direction of the slab, which is a pulling-out direction of the slab. In addition, heat flux distribution in the width direction of the slab of the heat flux is corrected so that the estimated temperature at the measurement position estimated by the heat transmission model and the temperature distribution in the width direction of the slab measured by temperature distribution measurement means coincide. The degree of center segregation of the slab is determined by comparing a difference between a shortest final solidification position and a longest final solidification shape determined based on an estimated final solidification position and shape with a threshold value specified for each steel product.

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for determining the quality of a continuous cast slab by estimating the solidification state (slab temperature state) of a slab in secondary cooling control of a continuous casting process. The final solidification position and shape of the steel are accurately grasped so that the final solidification position is always in the reduction zone position or the in-machine position, and the final solidification shape highly correlated with the slab internal quality is controlled. The present invention relates to a technique suitable for determining the quality of a piece online.

  Various methods have been proposed for on-line estimation calculation of the solidification state of a slab in continuous casting. For example, Patent Document 1 describes the following calculation method. That is, every time casting of a predetermined length progresses in the strand during continuous casting, a calculation (cutting) surface perpendicular to the casting direction (the slab longitudinal direction) is generated. Then, when each generated calculation surface passes through a plurality of zones set continuously in the casting direction and reaches the next zone entry boundary, the average of the zones that the calculation surface has passed immediately before Based on the cooling conditions, two-dimensional solidification calculation within the calculation surface is performed. Furthermore, the temperature distribution in the calculation plane is given as the initial value of the solidification calculation performed in the next zone and thereafter, and the solidification calculation in the calculation plane is sequentially performed to obtain the temperature distribution in the calculation plane at the final zone entry side boundary. .

Further, in Patent Document 2, the calculation means for simulating the solidified state in continuous casting uses a means for measuring the surface temperature of at least one slab so that the calculated value of the surface temperature matches the measured temperature. Discloses a solidification calculation method having calculation means for correcting the heat flux distribution.
Here, it is necessary to always grasp the final solidification position in order to prevent quality abnormalities such as segregation depending on the steel type and to perform appropriate slab reduction at an appropriate position in the slab longitudinal direction. Also, in order to improve productivity, in the steel grades that are cast just before the machine end position, the final solidification position of the final solidification position can be kept in the machine so that troubles such as slab bulge due to machine end loss can be prevented. A grasp is necessary.

The final solidified shape is considered to have a strong correlation with quality abnormalities such as component segregation inside the slab. For example, the larger the unevenness of the solidified shape in the slab width direction, the larger the component segregation. Therefore, in order to prevent quality abnormalities and quality control, it is required to constantly grasp the solidification shape in the slab width direction.
In the final solidification part in the solidification process of steel, solute elements such as carbon, phosphorus and sulfur are concentrated in the unsolidified phase. When this concentrated molten steel flows, accumulates and solidifies, a component segregation part having a much higher concentration than the initial concentration is generated. When the steel solidifies, volume shrinkage occurs, and the molten steel is sucked along with the volume shrinkage, and in the case of continuous casting, the steel is sucked and flows downstream in the drawing direction of the slab. Since there is not a sufficient amount of molten steel in the unsolidified phase at the end of solidification of the continuous cast slab, the concentrated molten steel between the dendritic trees, which is the final solidified part, flows and accumulates in the center of the slab. Solidifies and central segregation is generated.

  As a means to reduce the center segregation of the above slab, a method of gradually reducing the unsolidified slab at the end of solidification with a reduction amount commensurate with the solidification shrinkage of the slab (hereinafter referred to as “light reduction”) is proposed. Has been. Under this light pressure, the slab is gradually reduced with a light reduction amount commensurate with the amount of solidification shrinkage to reduce the volume of the unsolidified phase, and central segregation is performed without causing the flow of concentrated molten steel between dendrites. Therefore, the final solidification position of the slab is controlled within the range of the light pressure lowering zone and casting is performed. Here, the lightly reduced belt indicates a group of rolls for carrying out the lightly reduced belt.

  It is known that the slab manufactured by actual operation has a flat cross section, so that the final solidified shape is not uniform in the width direction and the shape varies with time. If the final solidification shape is different in the slab width direction, the light reduction amount in the light reduction zone will be different at each position in the slab width direction. In some cases, the center segregation improvement effect cannot be obtained and the center segregation cannot be suppressed even if light reduction is performed.

As described above, the center segregation of the slab is not constant in the casting direction and the width direction even if the light reduction is performed, and even the portion where the casting conditions have changed significantly deviates from the target level. Therefore, in order to determine the degree of center segregation, a sample for inspection is taken from a slab or rolled steel, and a macro test, component analysis test, etc. are performed, and the degree of center segregation of the slab is inspected and determined. Yes.
Since these test methods are off-line inspection methods and there is a drawback that feedback of determination results is delayed, a method for determining online is also proposed. For example, Patent Document 3 proposes a method of continuously measuring the thickness of a slab cast while being lightly reduced, and determining on-line the degree of center segregation of the slab based on fluctuations in the slab thickness. In Patent Document 4, the slab center solid phase ratio at the time of light reduction in the light pressure zone due to a change in the slab drawing speed is used to change the casting at the time of light reduction. A method has been proposed in which the degree of center segregation of a slab is determined online based on the solid phase ratio at the center of the piece.

JP 2002-178117 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-291060 JP-A-5-84555 JP-A-5-220554

  Although various methods have been proposed for measuring the internal temperature of slabs during continuous casting (hereinafter abbreviated as CC) for the purpose of estimating the final solidification position and solidification shape, the usage environment is high temperature and humidity. There is still nothing that can be used at all times during operation. For this reason, it is the present condition that an internal state can be estimated only by the solidification calculation as described in Patent Document 1. In such adjustment of solidification calculation, strike the slab, etc. to confirm the solidification position and compensate for consistency with the actual situation, or temporarily measure the cross-sectional average temperature using ultrasonic waves, etc. Adjustment is carried out. And once adjustment is performed, the actual operation which trusted the calculation result is performed.

However, conditions such as changes in casting conditions, cooling equipment, aging deterioration, temporary failures, etc. occur differently from the time of calculation adjustment, and the estimation result of the solidification state by calculation differs from the actual solidification state There is a problem that the situation occurs.
Here, Patent Document 2 describes a method of correcting a deviation between a solidified state estimated by calculation as described above and an actual solidified state by using a surface temperature measurement value. However, although this Patent Document 2 describes a method of directly correcting the heat flux due to cooling based on the temperature error, the method described in Patent Document 2 cannot estimate the final solidification position and shape.

  In secondary cooling control, the final solidification shape is flattened at the solidification position, that is, the final solidification position in the longitudinal direction is designed to be uniform without unevenness in the width direction, but in actual operation, In the mold, unevenness in the width direction and spray generated in the mold, that is, uneven cooling in the longitudinal direction and width direction occur due to the influence of flowing water between the rolls, and the final solidification position and shape change. The final solidification position / shape is an index related to the slab quality, and its constant grasp is necessary for management control of the final solidification position / shape for quality control and quality improvement.

On the other hand, Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4 have the following problems.
Variation in the width direction of the final solidification position occurs even under conditions where casting conditions such as the slab drawing speed and secondary cooling strength are constant and the slab thickness does not vary. In Patent Document 3, the center segregation that changes due to the variation in the width direction of the final solidification position cannot be determined.

  Further, in Patent Document 4, the solid phase ratio of the slab center portion as a criterion for determination is obtained from only a simple heat transfer calculation based on casting conditions such as the slab drawing speed and secondary cooling strength, in other words. Since the final solidification position is determined based on the premise that the final solidification position is flat in the slab width direction, the central segregation that changes due to the fluctuation in the width direction of the final solidification position is determined as in Patent Document 3. I can't. A simple heat transfer calculation cannot take into account the final solidification position in the width direction.

As described above, the conventional center segregation determination method cannot determine center segregation in which the casting conditions such as the slab drawing speed and the secondary cooling strength change even under certain conditions. Not accurate.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its object is to center segregation that changes in conjunction with the final solidification shape that varies spatially and temporally in the width direction of the continuous cast slab during casting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a quality determination method capable of accurately determining the degree of the process online.

In order to solve the above problems, one aspect of the quality determination method for continuous cast slabs according to the present invention is to estimate the final solidification position and shape by estimating and calculating the solidification state using the operating conditions of the continuous casting machine. In addition,
The surface temperature distribution in the slab width direction is measured, and the casting temperature is measured so that the error between the measured surface temperature measurement value and the estimated surface temperature value at the surface temperature distribution measurement position in the solidification state estimation calculation result is minimized. By correcting the calculated value of the single-section temperature distribution and re-estimating it, the accuracy of predicting the final solidification position and shape is improved.
Based on the predicted final solidification position and shape, the shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position are obtained, and the difference between the obtained shortest final solidification position and longest final solidification position is compared with the threshold value determined for each steel product. The degree of center segregation of the piece is determined.

At this time, in recalculating the calculation value of the slab cross-section temperature distribution,
A position upstream from the surface temperature distribution measurement position and upstream from the final solidification position is determined, and the temperature distribution of the cross section at the determined upstream position is corrected using an optimization method, and the position at the corrected upstream position is corrected. Reestimation calculation may be performed using the temperature distribution of the cross section.

Moreover, one aspect of the quality judgment method of the continuous cast slab of the present invention is the continuous casting in which the molten steel injected into the mold is solidified by performing secondary cooling while being drawn to continuously produce the slab, When estimating the solidification state of the slab,
The solidification state of the slab is estimated by a heat transfer model using a heat flux based on at least the cooling condition of the secondary cooling, and the temperature distribution in the slab width direction at a preset measurement position in the slab longitudinal direction is calculated. Measure and
By correcting the heat flux distribution in the slab width direction of the slab width direction so that the estimated temperature estimated by the heat transfer model at the measurement position matches the measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction, Modify the output of the heat transfer model,
The shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position are determined based on the estimated solidification state, and the difference between the calculated shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position is compared with the threshold value determined for each steel product, so that the center of the slab is obtained. The degree of segregation is determined.
Here, “so that the estimated temperature at the measurement position matches the temperature distribution in the slab width direction measured by the temperature distribution measuring means” means that the matching state is processed, that is, the matching state It means to perform processing so as to approach.

Further, “match” means that the difference between the estimated temperature at the calculation position estimated by the heat transfer model and the temperature distribution in the slab width direction measured by the temperature distribution measuring means is, for example, the width of the slab. The state is within ± 10 ° C., preferably within ± 5 ° C., excluding the direction end of 50 mm.
At this time, two or more measurement positions are set along the slab longitudinal direction, the temperature distribution in the slab width direction is measured at each measurement position, and is estimated by the heat transfer model for each measurement position. The correction of the heat flux distribution in the slab width direction of the heat flux may be repeated so that the estimated temperature thus obtained matches the measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction.

Further, the secondary cooling is performed by a plurality of cooling zones,
It is preferable that a correction coefficient of the heat flux distribution for correcting the heat flux distribution is set individually for each cooling zone.
Moreover, the quality determination which determines the grade of the center segregation of the said slab may be performed, and the presence or absence of inspection implementation in a slab or steel materials may be determined based on the said quality determination.

According to the present invention, when producing a continuously cast slab, since the center segregation of the slab is determined on-line based on the difference between the peaks and valleys of the final solidified shape in the width direction of the slab, Even if the difference fluctuates and the slab segregation changes, it is possible to accurately determine the center segregation without missing a portion where the segregation has deteriorated.
In addition, based on the determination result, it is possible to specify the inspection position in the slab and the steel material rolled from the slab, the number of inspections can be greatly reduced, and the inspection cost can be greatly reduced. Supplying quality steel products is achieved.
As a result, the center segregation of the slab can be reduced and the productivity can be improved by increasing the speed to the upper limit of the slab drawing speed, thereby producing an industrially beneficial effect.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the vertical bending type continuous casting machine of 1st Embodiment to which this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the view of the final solidification prediction method of the continuous casting which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the flow of a process which estimates optimization calculation and the position and shape of CE. It is a comparison figure of the predicted value of the surface temperature of the radiation thermometer measurement position of a machine end, and an actual measurement value. It is a comparison figure of the predicted value and actual value which applied the final coagulation prediction method concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows the change of a crater end position and shape. It is a schematic diagram explaining the structure of the continuous casting machine which concerns on 2nd and 3rd embodiment based on this invention. It is a flowchart explaining the correction | amendment process in the coagulation | solidification state estimation part which concerns on 2nd Embodiment based on this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a mesh division | segmentation. It is a figure which compares the calculation result in the thermometer in the case where correction | amendment is not implemented, and a measured value. It is a figure which compares the calculation result in the thermometer 4b which concerns on 2nd Embodiment based on this invention, and a measured value. It is a figure which shows the example of correction | amendment of the correction coefficient d _i . It is a figure which shows the last solidification position and shape in the case of not correct | amending. It is a figure which shows the last solidification position and shape at the time of implementing the correction | amendment which concerns on 2nd Embodiment based on this invention. The temperature in the same width direction when the heat transfer coefficient correction coefficient is provided for each zone according to the second embodiment of the present invention and when the heat transfer coefficient correction coefficient common to all the zones is used at the time of use. It is a figure which shows the difference of the last solidification position and shape. It is a flowchart explaining the correction | amendment process in the coagulation | solidification state estimation part which concerns on 3rd Embodiment based on this invention. It is a figure which shows the calculation cross-section temperature distribution after correction | amendment in the measurement position of the thermometer 4a. It is the figure which compared the model calculation temperature in the measurement position of the thermometer 4b at the time of correct | amending at the measurement value position of the thermometer 4a, and measured temperature. It is a figure which compares the calculation result in the thermometer 4b which concerns on 3rd Embodiment based on this invention, and a measured value. It is a figure which shows the final coagulation position and shape in case correction | amendment based on a thermometer measurement result is not performed. It is a figure which shows the last solidification position and shape at the time of implementing the correction | amendment which concerns on 3rd Embodiment based on this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the peak and valley difference of the last solidification shape, and the segregation degree in the longest last solidification position. It is a figure which shows the example of the final solidification shape, and the example of the mountain-and-valley difference of the final solidification shape.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a vertical bending type continuous casting machine to which the present invention is applied. In the figure, 1 represents a tundish, 2 represents a mold, 3 represents an immersion nozzle, 4 represents a surface temperature distribution measuring instrument, 5 represents a cast piece, 6 represents a support roll, and 7 to 13 represent cooling zones.
In the vertical bending type continuous casting machine, a mold 2 is provided below the tundish 1, and an immersion nozzle 3 serving as a molten steel supply port to the mold 2 is provided at the bottom of the tundish 1. A support roll 6 is installed below the mold 2. The cooling zones 7 to 13 constitute a divided secondary cooling zone.
In each cooling zone, a plurality of spray or air mist spray nozzles are arranged, and secondary cooling water is sprayed from the spray nozzle to the surface of the slab. In the cooling zone, the cooling zone on the side opposite to the reference surface (upper surface side) is indicated by a, and the reference surface side (lower surface side) is indicated by b.

Further, FIG. 1 shows a total of seven cooling zones, but this is a conceptual diagram, and the number of zones of an actual continuous casting machine is divided into various numbers depending on the length of the machine. Furthermore, although there are cases where a rolling roll (light rolling roll) for lightly rolling down the slab 5 is installed depending on the continuous casting machine, the present invention is not affected by the presence or absence of light rolling.
The slab surface temperature distribution measuring instrument 4 is a thermometer that measures the surface temperature distribution in the width direction of the slab at the machine end. The thermometer used for this is a radiation thermometer that can directly measure the temperature distribution or a method that scans a partial measurement thermometer, and also uses the temperature dependence of ultrasonic transmission time using longitudinal and transverse ultrasonic waves. Even if it is the steel plate inside thermometer which was made, if the temperature distribution of the width direction can be measured, a measuring system will not be ask | required.

  The secondary cooling calculation of CC, for example, considers the cross section of a slab sliced in unit length (casting direction), and depending on the location in the strand during casting, water cooling, air cooling, mist cooling, roll heat removal, etc. It is implemented by giving the heat flux of boundary conditions in various situations and solving the two-dimensional heat transfer equation shown in the following equation (1).

  At this time, unsteady temperature calculation can also be realized by generating and calculating sliced cross sections of unit length one after another. Currently, the calculation capability is dramatically improved, and it is possible to import the operating conditions such as water cooling performance data, casting speed, tundish (T / D) molten steel temperature online and perform secondary cooling calculation in real time. It has become. By this calculation, it is possible to calculate where the final solidification position of the slab is by using the solidus temperature.

In the present embodiment, first, a method for correcting the secondary cooling calculation using the estimated temperature value of the secondary cooling calculation and the actually measured temperature is provided. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the concept of the method for predicting the final solidification of continuous casting according to the embodiment of the present invention. Here, the temperature measurement location is described as the slab surface temperature at a position close to the machine end, but temperature measurement in the machine may be used.
First, the temperature is calculated continuously from the meniscus to the machine end for each two-dimensional cross-sectional slice of the unit length in the casting direction. That is, the entire secondary cooling calculation is executed once to calculate the upstream boundary condition and the end surface temperature distribution.

Next, the surface temperature distribution in the width direction is measured with an in-machine or end-of-machine thermometer.
Then, the difference between the slab surface temperature calculated value and the surface temperature actual measurement value at the surface temperature observation position is used as an evaluation function based on an error area or the like, and evaluation is performed using the value. An appropriate position upstream of the position of the final solidification, that is, the crater end (hereinafter also abbreviated as CE) is determined upstream of the temperature measurement position so that the evaluation function value becomes small, and the temperature distribution of the cross section is corrected. The temperature distribution that minimizes the evaluation function is calculated (optimization calculation) by correcting the temperature distribution of the cross section and evaluating the temperature error repeatedly, and the result of recalculation based on the temperature distribution is the most error-free. Reduce the temperature.

In this way, when the cross-sectional temperature distribution at the upstream position that minimizes the evaluation function is obtained, the cooling calculation according to the operation conditions is performed again from the position downstream to calculate the final solidification position and shape. To do.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a flow of processing for predicting the optimization calculation and the position / shape of the CE, and determining the quality of the continuous cast slab based on the prediction.
In Step 100, a position upstream from the CE position is determined and given a temperature distribution. In Step 101, the end surface temperature distribution based on the temperature model is estimated and calculated. The estimated surface temperature distribution is compared with the actually measured surface temperature distribution, and the error is evaluated using an evaluation function (Step 102).

Then, the convergence of the evaluation function is determined. If the convergence is not determined, the upstream temperature distribution is corrected (Step 103).
After the correction, the process returns to Step 101 and is repeated until it is determined at Step 102 that convergence has occurred. If it is determined that convergence has occurred, recalculation is performed under the converged temperature condition, and finally the CE position / shape prediction is terminated (Step 104). In this way, if the cross-sectional temperature distribution at the upstream position that satisfies the constraints and minimizes the evaluation function is obtained, the cooling calculation is performed again according to the operation condition from the position toward the downstream, and the final calculation is performed. Prediction accuracy of solidification position and shape can be improved.

An example of a specific method for correcting the cross-sectional temperature distribution at the upstream position in Step 103 is shown below.
First, the width direction is divided by a specified number coarser than the calculation mesh, and the divided section is given a width direction surface temperature by a method approximating it as a constant temperature, and this is used as a variable to be obtained.
Next, as for the distribution in the thickness direction, the temperature up to the central portion in the thickness direction is determined using a function that approximates the distribution in the thickness direction at the specified upstream position of the slab temperature calculated at first with a quadratic function. . Although quadratic function approximation is used here, the temperature distribution in the thickness direction may use the distribution shape obtained by calculation according to the surface cooling state as it is, or make an appropriate correction. (A specific method may include a method of storing a temperature ratio between meshes in the thickness direction).

  Any optimization method may be used as long as it is a nonlinear optimization method. For example, sequential quadratic programming can be considered. As the evaluation function, the width direction temperature distribution actual measurement data at the machine end designated location and the error area of the surface temperature calculation result at the same position, the square sum of the divided temperature errors in the width direction, and the like can be considered. In addition, it is also possible to give a temperature constraint to the convergence condition, and to give a constraint that the error between the observation data and the calculation data appropriately falls within the temperature range. Furthermore, upper and lower limits can also be placed on the upstream surface temperature and the center temperature in the thickness direction, which are variables.

  Further, after the CE position / shape prediction is finally completed in Step 104, the process proceeds to Step 105, and quality determination regarding the center segregation of the slab is performed online. That is, the shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position are obtained from the predicted position / shape of the CE. Subsequently, on the basis of the difference between the longest final solidification position and the shortest final solidification position (referred to as the final solidification valley difference), the quality determination regarding the center segregation of the slab is performed online.

(Example)
Next, a specific example to which the first embodiment based on the present invention is applied will be described.
FIG. 4 is a comparison diagram between the predicted value and the actual measurement value of the surface temperature at the radiation thermometer measurement position at the aircraft end.
This example is an example in which optimization calculation, that is, correction of the upstream temperature distribution is not performed, there is a difference in the temperature value between the actual measurement and calculation of the surface temperature, and the distribution method in the width direction is also different. I understand. In such a situation, even if the CE position shape is predicted from the calculation result, there is no guarantee that it matches the actual situation.

  On the other hand, FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram between a predicted value and an actually measured value to which the final coagulation prediction method according to the present invention is applied. According to the algorithm described above, the slab cross-section temperature distribution at the upstream boundary is corrected so that the error between the actual measurement value and the calculation value is minimized by performing optimization calculation (sequential quadratic programming) with 15 variables in the width direction. It is a thing.

Here, with respect to the variable in the width direction (width direction mesh) used for temperature matching, the distance between the dots may be 50 to 100 mm. In this example, since the number of points is 15 for a half width of 1000 mm, the distance between the points is about 70 mm. This is because there is heat transfer in the width direction inside, so that if the measured temperature appearing on the surface is set to a pitch of 50 to 100 mm or less in the width direction, an extreme difference does not occur. On the other hand, when a fine pitch is set, there is a problem that the calculation load increases and there is a case where the calculation does not end within a desired calculation time.
The calculation result of the surface temperature generally increases, and a temperature calculation that matches the numerical calculation result is realized at a part where the temperature measurement point is present. It can be seen that calculation that steadily reduces the difference in surface temperature specified by the evaluation function can be realized by nonlinear optimization calculation.

And FIG. 6 is a figure which shows the change of a crater end position and shape. 6 (a) shows the CE position after optimization corresponding to FIG. 4, FIG. 6 (b) shows the CE position after optimization corresponding to FIG. 5, the horizontal axis is the distance from the meniscus, and The vertical axis indicates the solidification completion position in the width direction position.
Since the first calculated temperature is lower than the actually measured surface temperature, the calculated temperature rises by correcting the temperature by optimization calculation, and as a result, the crater end position also extends downstream. Thus, if the calculation result at the surface temperature measurement position matches the actual measurement value, the validity of the CE position / shape prediction determined by the temperature state inside the slab is expected.

  In this way, if the CE position and shape can be predicted with high accuracy, the casting conditions (spray conditions, light rolling conditions, casting speed, mold electromagnetic stirring strength, etc.) can be changed in various ways, and how these shapes change. You can figure out how it will go. This makes it possible to define the slab manufacturing conditions with a flat crater end shape and little center segregation, and to provide an excellent quality slab.

Furthermore, the quality judgment regarding the center segregation of the slab is performed online from the difference between the longest final solidification position and the shortest final solidification position (referred to as final solidification valley difference) obtained from the predicted CE position / shape. .
In the pass-fail judgment based on the final solidification ridge / valley difference, for example, the judgment of whether or not to carry out the inspection, the threshold is basically determined by accumulating results. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the final solidification valley difference and the segregation degree of carbon (C / C0) at the longest final solidification position. As shown in FIG. C / C0) gets worse. The segregation degree (C / C0) is a value obtained by dividing the analysis value C of the carbon at the thickness center portion collected from the final solidified portion by the carbon analysis value C0 of the sample collected from the position of the thickness 1/4.

  In the case of a slab with a normal center segregation criterion, if the final solidification valley difference is within 2 m, the segregation degree (C / C0) is 1.3 or less, which is acceptable as a pass. In the case of passing, the operation is performed such that only the ½ width is inspected or the inspection is not performed in some cases. On the other hand, in the case of a failure exceeding 2m, in addition to the ½ width, a sample is taken for the longest final coagulation position or the second longest coagulation position, and inspection is performed. Operate. Of course, for products that require a stricter and higher quality level, the acceptance criteria may be changed such that the final solidification valley difference is within 1 m. In short, the degree of segregation (C / C0) that satisfies the required quality level is determined, and the final solidification valley difference satisfying the degree of segregation (C / C0) may be used as a criterion.

  When determining the difference between the peaks and valleys of the final solidified shape, the difference between the peaks and valleys is determined by excluding the 100 mm supercooled end from the final solidified shape. Specifically, first, a maximum value (mountain) and a minimum value (valley) as shown in FIG. 23 are searched for in the final solidification shape value excluding 100 mm from the end (corner). In order to find the maximum and minimum, it is only necessary to find the positive and negative change points of the differential value. Next, the difference between the adjacent maximum and minimum values is obtained, and the difference value is defined as the difference between the peaks and valleys. These differences are used for quality judgment. In FIG. 23, L1 and L2 are the difference between the peaks and valleys.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, 2nd Embodiment based on this invention is described with reference to drawings.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a continuous casting machine to which the solidification state estimation device for the slab 5 based on the present invention is applied. In FIG. 7, a vertical bending type continuous casting machine is illustrated as a continuous casting machine. However, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as in FIG.

(Configuration of continuous casting machine)
As shown in FIG. 7, in the continuous casting machine, a mold 2 is provided below the tundish 1, and an immersion nozzle 3 serving as a molten steel supply port to the mold 2 is provided at the bottom of the tundish 1. A plurality of support rolls 6 are installed below the mold 2, and the slab 5 is drawn along the plurality of support rolls 6 at a predetermined drawing speed. Reference numerals 7 to 15 denote divided cooling zones, which constitute secondary cooling zones. Cooling nozzles (not shown) such as a plurality of spray or air mist spray nozzles are arranged in each cooling zone, and secondary cooling water is sprayed on the surface of the slab 5 from each cooling nozzle, Secondary cooling of the target slab 5 is performed. In FIG. 7, the cooling zone on the side opposite to the reference surface (upper surface side) is indicated by a, and the reference surface side (lower surface side) is indicated by b. In addition, FIG. 7 illustrates a case where the cooling zone is a total of 9 zones, but the number of zones is not limited to this. The actual number of zones in a continuous casting machine varies depending on how long the machine is divided.

Moreover, although there are cases where a rolling roll (light rolling roll) for lightly rolling down the slab 5 is installed depending on the continuous casting machine, the present invention is not affected by the presence or absence of light rolling.
Moreover, the thermometer 4b which comprises a temperature distribution measurement means is arrange | positioned with respect to one place preset in the slab longitudinal direction. The thermometer 4b measures the surface temperature distribution in the width direction of the slab 5 in the machine. Examples of the thermometer 4b include a radiation thermometer and a thermography that can directly measure the temperature distribution, and any instrument may be used as long as the temperature distribution in the width direction can be measured.
In addition, in FIG. 7, the case where the thermometers 4a and 4b which respectively comprise a temperature distribution measurement means are arrange | positioned with respect to two places along a slab longitudinal direction is illustrated. This is because two thermometers 4a and 4b used in a third embodiment to be described later are shown together with FIG. Of course, the thermometer used in the first embodiment may be the thermometer of reference numeral 4a.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a continuous casting control unit.
The continuous casting control unit 20 includes a secondary cooling control unit 20A, a solidification state estimation unit 20B, and a quality determination unit 20C.
The secondary cooling control unit 20A controls the secondary cooling in each of the cooling zones based on a command from the manufacturing management control unit 21. For example, the cooling conditions are set so that the outlet temperature in each cooling zone becomes the target temperature at that position. This cooling condition is also input to the solidification state estimation unit 20B.

The solidification state estimation unit 20B includes a solidification state estimation unit main body 20Ba and a heat flux distribution correction unit 20Bb.
The solidification state estimation part main body 20Ba estimates the solidification state (temperature state) of the slab 5 based on the heat transfer model using the obtained heat flux while obtaining the heat flux based on at least the cooling condition of the secondary cooling.

Further, the heat flux distribution correction unit 20Bb corrects the width direction distribution of the heat flux used in the solidified state estimation unit body 20Ba. Specifically, the estimated temperature of the slab surface calculated by the heat transfer model at the measurement position of the thermometer 4b matches the surface temperature distribution in the slab width direction measured by the thermometer 4b. The heat flux distribution in the slab width direction of the heat flux is corrected.
The solidification state estimation unit body 20Ba operates again each time the correction coefficient is changed by the heat flux distribution correction unit 20Bb, and corrects the output value by performing recalculation.

  Here, the secondary cooling calculation of normal continuous casting is, for example, considering a cross section of a slab sliced at a unit length along the slab longitudinal direction (casting direction), and depending on the location in the strand during casting. The heat flux is obtained based on the equation (2) indicating the boundary condition on the slab surface by the secondary cooling condition comprising water cooling, air cooling, mist cooling, heat removal from the roll, etc., and using the obtained heat flux, the equation ( This is performed by solving the two-dimensional heat transfer equation of 4).

  However, φ, which is a value related to temperature in the equation (2), can be expressed by the following equation (3). For this reason, when formula (2) is applied to formula (4) described later, the temperature is replaced as in formula (3).

here,
Q: heat flux κ: thermal conductivity κ _d : thermal conductivity at reference temperature h: heat transfer coefficient T: model surface temperature Ta: ambient temperature

here,
c: Specific heat ρ: Density κ: Thermal conductivity T: Temperature t: Time x, y: Coordinates

And the heat transfer coefficient h in Formula (2) is determined by secondary cooling conditions, such as cooling methods, such as water cooling, air cooling, and mist cooling, the amount of cooling operations, and heat removal from a roll. Obtain the internal temperature distribution of the slab 5 by the secondary cooling calculation by the expression (4) based on the above expression (2), and further calculate the complete solidification position from the solidus temperature determined by the internal temperature distribution and the molten steel components. To do.
In addition, by using the above formulas (2) to (4), the sliced unit length of the cross section is continuously generated along the slab longitudinal direction one after another, and calculated, thereby changing the casting speed and the like. Unsteady temperature calculation can also be realized. At present, the calculation capability has improved dramatically, and the operating conditions such as water cooling performance data, casting speed and tundish molten steel temperature can be taken online, and the secondary cooling calculation and final solidification calculation can be performed in real time.

In the present embodiment, the following equation (5) is used instead of the equation (2) as the equation of the heat flux due to the boundary condition due to the secondary cooling condition.
Q _ij = d _i h (T−Ta) (5)
here,
d _i : Heat transfer coefficient correction coefficient (initial value is “1”)
i: width direction correction position j: longitudinal direction position

Next, the process of the solidification state estimation unit 20B will be described with reference to FIG.
In the present embodiment, the parameters of the slab 5 are adjusted by adjusting the parameters used for the secondary cooling calculation using the surface temperature calculation value of the secondary cooling model (heat transfer model) and the surface temperature actual measurement value in the width direction. Estimate the temperature distribution and estimate the final solidification position and shape. Specifically, the correction coefficient d _i which is a parameter for correcting the heat flux distribution in the width direction or the heat transfer coefficient distribution at the secondary cooling position is corrected.

The position of the actually measured thermometer 4b used in this embodiment is preferably the slab surface temperature at a position close to the final solidification position in the machine, but in principle, any position in the longitudinal direction position may be used.
First, in step S10, the solidification state estimation unit body 20Ba performs secondary cooling calculation by the above-described processing. The correction coefficient d _i is set to “1” as an initial value.
In the secondary cooling calculation, the temperature is first calculated at the casting speed corresponding to the casting history at that time for one two-dimensional cross-sectional slice having a unit length in the casting direction, using the above formulas (5) and (4). . The sliced unit length cross-sections are successively generated along the slab longitudinal direction and calculated.

Next, in step S20, the slab surface temperature (temperature distribution in the width direction) at the measurement position of the surface temperature observation by the thermometer 4b is obtained from the calculation by the secondary cooling calculation in step S10.
Next, in step S30, the measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction at the measurement position is obtained from the measurement value of the thermometer 4b that is continuously input. For example, an average value of measured values in a preset time interval is set as an actually measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction.

Next, in Step S40, the heat flux distribution correction unit 20Bb calculates the calculated value (estimated temperature) of the slab surface temperature obtained in Step S20 and the actual surface temperature value measured by the thermometer 4b obtained in Step S30. It is determined whether or not the difference is equal to or larger than a preset threshold value. If the difference is equal to or larger than the threshold value, the process proceeds to step S50. If it is less than the threshold value, the process proceeds to step S60, the recalculation of the secondary cooling calculation is terminated, and the final solidification position and the final solidification shape (profile) are obtained based on the corrected secondary cooling calculation.
Here, a plurality of correction points n in the slab width direction are set, for example, 20 points (n = 20), and a deviation between the estimated temperature and the actual measurement value is obtained at each correction point position. It is determined whether or not it is equal to or less than the threshold value.

On the other hand, in step S50, the difference between the calculated value of the slab surface temperature obtained in step S20 and the actual measured surface temperature measured by the thermometer 4b obtained in step S30 is small or zero. The correction coefficient d _i (i = 1 to n) is changed so that When the correction coefficient d _i is changed, the process proceeds to step S10 and recalculation of the secondary cooling calculation is performed.
The correction coefficient d _i of the width direction heat transfer coefficient h is uniformly changed in the longitudinal cooling zone. For the sake of convenience, the thermometer 4b that can be measured in the width direction is installed in only one place in the longitudinal direction, and is uniformly changed in the longitudinal direction.

  As a specific calculation method, using the error area of the temperature distribution measurement data at the specified location and the surface temperature calculation result at the same position as the evaluation function, the evaluation function value is reduced, that is, the error area is minimized. Calculation may be performed as follows. A general optimization method may be used as the method. In addition, when a restriction is imposed on the correction coefficient, a nonlinear optimization method such as a sequential quadratic programming method may be used.

(About secondary cooling calculation)
The above secondary cooling calculation will be supplementarily described below.
The secondary cooling calculation of normal continuous casting is, for example, considering a slab cross-section sliced by unit length along the slab longitudinal direction (casting direction), depending on the location in the strand during casting, water cooling, The heat flux is obtained based on the above equation (2) indicating the boundary condition on the slab surface by the secondary cooling conditions including air cooling, mist cooling, heat removal from the roll, etc., and using the obtained heat flux, the above equation (4 ) To solve the two-dimensional heat transfer equation.

Here, the two-dimensional heat conduction equation represented by the equation (4) is an equation assuming that there is no heat conduction in the casting direction of the slab in the slab cross section.
In general, the physical property values of specific heat, density, and thermal conductivity change with the temperature change of the slab, so it is necessary to solve equation (4) by changing the physical property values as a function of temperature. When the physical property value has temperature dependence, Equation (4) cannot be developed into a difference equation as it is.
Therefore, in the actual calculation, the “temperature-conversion temperature method”, which is a well-known method, is used to linearize the temperature as follows.

  Then, when Expressions (6) and (7) are substituted into Expression (4), the following Expression (8) is obtained.

By differentiating this equation (8), the heat transfer calculation for each slice can be numerically analyzed.
Here, the difference formula differs between the internal point and the surface point of the slice.
On the slab surface, it is expressed by the following formula (9):

  Based on these equations (9) and (10), when equation (8) is differentiated (discretized) at each of the internal points and surface points, the following equation is obtained.

In the above equation, l represents a calculation time step, and the value of (l + 1) of the next calculation step (time) is obtained from each value of l.
Using these difference formulas (11) and (12), the actual heat transfer calculation is performed by the difference method.
In this actual calculation process, the three-dimensional calculation is traced through the following procedures (1) to (9).
(1) As the analysis starts, one two-dimensional sheet enters the mold and proceeds.
(2) This sheet is calculated only by external boundary conditions and two-dimensional internal heat conduction. (The heat conduction in the traveling direction is not considered.)
(3) On the way, the speed changes at each time according to the speed data.
(4) In the middle, the spray pattern is switched by the external cooling pattern data.
(5) This one sheet is calculated until the end time of the analysis time.
(6) When moving to the next sheet, change the physical property value and initial temperature according to the input.
(7) When the calculation of one sheet is completed, the calculation of the next sheet is started after the time step, and is calculated until the analysis time end time.
(8) The above calculation is performed for each sheet until the drawing end time.
(9) File output is performed as needed during the process.

[About mesh division]
In the calculation of the heat transfer calculation, the heat conduction in the slab is analyzed using a difference method, and the portion in the thickness direction 1/2 is analyzed from the structural objectivity. For example, when the short side and the long side are divided into m and n, the mesh is as shown in FIG.
[About heat transfer coefficient used]
Further, the heat transfer coefficient h in the equation (9) is determined by a secondary cooling condition such as a cooling method such as water cooling, air cooling, mist cooling, a cooling operation amount, a roll heat removal amount, or the like. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficient h changes a calculation formula according to the cooling method (only water, water and air, only air, and each flow rate).
The heat removal actually used adopts a larger value by comparing these with radiant cooling.

[About solid phase ratio]
The calculation of the solid phase ratio is as follows. When the temperature of each cell is lower than the liquidus temperature, the solid phase ratio = 1, and when the temperature is higher than the solidus temperature, the solid phase ratio = 0. When it is between the temperature and the solidus temperature, the following formula is used.

[Calculating heat removal in the mold]
In the mold, the amount of heat removed from the surface is determined by the time required for the slice to pass through the mold.
The heat removal is determined to be uniform on both the long side and the short side.

[Examples of calculation conditions]
The calculation conditions are set as follows, for example.
・ Simulation time step: 0.02 sec
・ Casting speed: 1.4 mpm
・ Analysis thickness: 125 mm (half thickness, total thickness 250 mm)
・ Analysis width: 1050 mm (half width, full width 2100 mm)
・ Atmosphere temperature: 30 ℃
・ Secondary cooling water temperature: 28 ℃
-Molten steel temperature: 1555 ° C
・ Thermal conductivity at the reference temperature: Determined based on the components of the target material ・ Liquid phase temperature and solid phase temperature determined from the above components: Determined by experiments and others ・ Conversion temperature φ-temperature relationship: Determined by experiments and others ・Heat content H-temperature relationship: determined by experiment, etc. Density ρ-temperature relationship: determined by experiment, etc. Example of mesh width direction division number Width (n) = 66
Thickness (n) = 25

(Operation other)
FIG. 10 shows the thermometer installation position (measurement position) using only the secondary cooling calculation after taking in the operating conditions at the time of surface temperature measurement without correcting the heat flux distribution in the width direction according to the present embodiment. It is the figure which compared the model calculation temperature in FIG. In FIG. 10, the state of one side from the center of the width direction of the slab 5 is illustrated. The same applies to FIGS. 11 to 14 described later.
As shown in FIG. 10, the temperature distribution of the calculated temperature (estimated temperature) is flat in the slab width direction, and there is a difference between the measured surface temperature values. Then, the way of distribution in the width direction is also different. In such a situation, even if the final solidification position shape is predicted from the calculation result, there is no guarantee that it matches the actual situation.

An example of applying this embodiment to this is shown in FIG. 11, the width direction correction point as 20 mesh (n = 20), so that the error of the measured value and the calculated value after optimization calculation is reduced, modifying the magnification of the heat transfer coefficient in the width direction (d _i It is a figure which shows the example of the calculation result of the surface temperature when adjusting. In addition, FIG. 12 shows the correction magnification (value of the correction coefficient d _i ) of the heat transfer coefficient before and after correction at this time.

In the calculation, the temperature measurement by the model and the actually measured temperature average are calculated for each mesh and used for the calculation. As a result, by changing the correction factor of the heat transfer coefficient in the slab width direction as shown in FIG. 12, temperature calculation that matches the numerical calculation result is realized at a portion where the temperature measurement point is present. It can be seen that the optimization calculation can realize a calculation that steadily reduces the difference in surface temperature specified by the evaluation function.
FIG. 13 (Comparative Example) and FIG. 14 (Example) show the final solidification position (CE position) and shape in these two cases (see FIGS. 10 and 11). 13 and 14, the vertical axis indicates the distance in the slab longitudinal direction from the mold 2, and the horizontal axis indicates the solidification completion position at the slab width direction position.

In FIG. 13 (comparative example), since the temperature distribution in the width direction is based on a flat calculated temperature, the final solidified shape is flat with no irregularities except at the end. On the other hand, in the case where the heat transfer coefficient in the width direction is corrected using the actual surface temperature in the width direction in FIG. 14 (Example), the unevenness in the width direction can be expressed and the surface temperature distributions match. It is thought that the final coagulation state close to reality can be expressed. Thus, if the calculation result at the surface temperature measurement position matches the actual measurement value, it is expected to improve the estimation accuracy of the final solidification position and shape determined by the temperature state in the slab.
Thus, if the calculation result at the surface temperature measurement position matches the actual measurement value, the validity of the estimated value of the final solidification position / shape determined by the temperature state inside the slab is further improved.

As described above, the model surface temperature in the width direction at the measurement position by the thermometer 4b is made to match or approach the measured surface temperature by correcting the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient based on the measured surface temperature. As a result, it is possible to reflect the actual operation state more, and it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the final solidification position / shape.
Here, in the above-described embodiment, the heat flux distribution is corrected by adjusting the heat transfer coefficient. However, the width direction distribution of the heat flux may be corrected by adjusting other parameters.
In addition, based on the prediction result of the final solidification position / shape obtained above, the final solidification position and shape can be controlled by adjusting the secondary cooling condition, light pressure reduction condition, casting speed, and mold electromagnetic stirring strength. The efficiency and quality may be improved by controlling to approach the target shape.

(Modification)
In FIGS. 11 to 14 described above, and the value of the correction coefficient d _i of the heat transfer coefficient (correction factor) is changed uniformly for each zone of the plurality of cooling zones.
Specifically, the correction coefficient d _i is calculated based on the equation (20).
Correction coefficient update value = (model temperature-measured temperature) x gain + previous correction coefficient value (20)
Further, this may be expanded so as to be individually adjustable (setting can be changed) for each cooling zone in the longitudinal direction, as shown in Expression (21).
Correction coefficient update value for cooling zone n = (model temperature-measured temperature) x gain n + (correction coefficient previous value for cooling zone n)
... (21)
Here, n indicates the number of the cooling zone.

In Expression (21), the gain n is changed depending on the cooling zone.
The gain n is, for example, a gain for a zone set as a reference as a reference gain, and in a zone where cooling is stronger than the zone set as the reference, the gain n is set to a value larger than the reference gain and set as a reference. In a zone where cooling is weaker than the zone, the gain n is set to a value smaller than the reference gain.
Thus, when adjusting for every cooling zone individually, even if there is a case where there is a cooling nonuniformity for every cooling zone, it becomes possible to obtain the prediction result of the final solidification position and shape with high accuracy.

Next, an individual adjustment example for each cooling zone of the present modification will be specifically described.
In this example, the case where the thermometer 4a is used is shown.
In the correction using the equation (20), as shown in Table 1, the gain n common to all the cooling zones is used.

  On the other hand, in the correction using the equation (21), as shown in Table 2, the gain n for each zone is adjusted. As an example, the gain values in Table 2 are as follows. In the zone 7a-8a, where the cooling is strong, the gain n is large because the occurrence of temperature unevenness due to cooling is large, and in the zone 9a-13a, where the cooling is weak, the temperature unevenness due to cooling. Therefore, the correction gain is set to be small. Further, in the zone 14a-15a after the thermometer installation position, the correction gain is set to 0 and correction by the thermometer is not performed.

FIG. 15 shows the result of estimating the final solidification position using the gain n and the same temperature measurement value of the thermometer 4a.
As shown in FIG. 15, even when the same thermometer value is used, the difference between the peaks and valleys of the final solidification shape becomes larger when individual gain n is used for each zone as shown in Table 2 based on the modification. ing. This is because the surface temperature is strongly corrected in a zone where the temperature is far from the thermometer and the cooling is strong. Thus, it can be seen that the degree of freedom of adjustment is improved as compared with the case of the equation (20). This makes it possible to make adjustments that are more practical.

(Quality judgment part)
Next, the quality determination unit 20C will be described.
The quality determination unit 20C determines the quality by calculating a difference between the peaks and valleys of the final solidification shape from the information of the solidification state estimation unit 20B. The quality judgment result and the Yamatani difference information are linked to the casting length and output to the manufacturing management control device 21 for recording. Based on the information, it is used for quality judgment for each slab in which the slab 5 is cut to a certain size.

The determination process in the quality determination unit 20C is performed as follows, for example.
From the final solidification shape in the slab width direction predicted by the solidification state estimation unit 20B, the shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position are obtained, and the difference between the longest final solidification position and the shortest final solidification position (final solidification valley difference) Based on the above, the quality judgment regarding the center segregation of the slab is performed online.
In the pass-fail judgment based on the final solidification ridge / valley difference, for example, the judgment as to whether or not to carry out the inspection, the threshold is basically determined by accumulating results. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the final solidification valley difference and the segregation degree of carbon (C / C0) at the longest final solidification position. As shown in FIG. C / C0) gets worse.

  In the case of a slab with a normal center segregation criterion, if the final solidification valley difference is within 2 m, the segregation degree (C / C0) is 1.3 or less, which is acceptable as a pass. In the case of passing, the operation is performed such that only the ½ width is inspected or the inspection is not performed in some cases. On the other hand, in the case of failure, in addition to the ½ width, an operation is performed such as inspecting the longest final coagulation position or the second longest coagulation position. Of course, for products that require a stricter and higher quality level, the acceptance criteria may be changed such that the final solidification valley difference is within 1 m. In short, the degree of segregation (C / C0) that satisfies the required quality level is determined, and the final solidification valley difference satisfying the degree of segregation (C / C0) may be used as a criterion.

  When determining the difference between the peaks and valleys of the final solidified shape, the difference between the peaks and valleys is determined by excluding the 100 mm supercooled end from the final solidified shape. Specifically, first, a maximum value (mountain) and a minimum value (valley) as shown in FIG. 23 are searched for in the final solidification shape value excluding 100 mm from the end (corner). In order to find the maximum and minimum, it is only necessary to find the positive and negative change points of the differential value. Next, the difference between the adjacent maximum and minimum values is obtained, and the difference value is defined as the difference between the peaks and valleys. These differences are used for quality judgment. In FIG. 23, L1 and L2 are the difference between the peaks and valleys.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and demonstrated to the structure similar to the said 2nd Embodiment.
The basic configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the second embodiment.
However, two or more measurement positions are set along the slab longitudinal direction, the surface temperature distribution in the slab width direction is measured at each measurement position, and the measurement is performed using the heat transfer model for each measurement position. Each time the correction of the heat flux distribution in the slab width direction of the heat flux is repeated and corrected so that the estimated temperature temperature and the measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction coincide with each other, the solidification state estimation unit body 20Ba The secondary cooling calculation is performed again.

In the present embodiment, the case where the measurement position is set to two places will be described, but the measurement position may be three or more.
In the present embodiment, each measurement position is divided as a boundary along the slab longitudinal direction, and when the measurement position is the first measurement position and the second measurement position from the upstream side, A measurement section up to the measurement position, a measurement section from the first measurement position to the second measurement position,... Are divided into a plurality of measurement sections based on the measurement position. Then, the heat flux distribution in the casting width direction of the heat transfer model is corrected for each measurement section, and the calculation using the model is performed again each time correction is performed.
At this time, in the second and subsequent measurement intervals, the heat flux distribution obtained in the immediately preceding measurement interval is used as the initial value.

The heat transfer coefficient correction process in the solidification state estimation unit 20B of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
Steps S10 to S50 and S60 in FIG. 16 perform the same processing as steps S10 to S50 and S60 in the first embodiment (FIG. 8). In step S30, the thermometer 4a is adopted, and the measurement position of the thermometer 4a is set as the temperature comparison position.
In the present embodiment, the correction coefficient d _i is changed uniformly in the slab longitudinal direction every time the thermometer is installed.

Also, steps S110 to S150 in FIG. 16 perform the same processing as steps S10 to S50 in the first embodiment (FIG. 8). In step S130, the thermometer 4b is employed, and the measurement position of the thermometer 4b is set as the temperature comparison position.
However, the correction coefficient d _i (i = 1 to n), which is the initial value of the heat flux distribution in the calculation in step S110, is the value corrected in steps S10 to S50.
Further, in the calculation in step S110, the correction coefficient d _i (i = 1 to n) adjusted in step S150 is reflected on the measurement section from the first measurement position to the second measurement position.
That is, in the calculation in step S110, in the range up to a first measurement position, the correction coefficient d _i using the value obtained in step S50 as the first measurement position and the second measurement section to the measurement position On the other hand, the correction coefficient d _i (i = n) adjusted in step S150 is used.

(Operation other)
The operation when the present embodiment is adopted up to the first measurement position (the position of the thermometer 4a) is the same as that of the first embodiment (see FIGS. 10 to 12).
FIG. 17 is an example of the slice cross-section temperature distribution at the measurement position of the thermometer 4a after correction based on the measurement position of the thermometer 4a by the processing of steps S10 to S50.
When the width-direction surface temperature at the measurement position of the thermometer 4b calculated based on the slice cross-section temperature distribution shown in FIG. 18 is compared with the actually measured temperature at the measurement position of the thermometer 4b, the result shown in FIG. Become. As shown in FIG. 18, there may be a slight deviation even when the temperature distribution in the width direction is corrected at the measurement position of the thermometer 4a.

To eliminate this deviation, similarly to the correction based on the measurement result of the aforementioned thermometer 4a, the magnification of the heat transfer coefficient in the width direction of the interval between the measurement positions of the thermometers 4a-4b (the value of the correction coefficient d _i) Is corrected based on the measurement result of the thermometer 4b, the calculation result of the surface temperature as shown in FIG. 19 can be obtained at the measurement position of the thermometer 4b.

  Next, how the position and shape of the final coagulation change between the case where no correction is made by the measurement value by the thermometer and the case where the correction is made based on this embodiment by the measurement value of the two thermometers 4a and 4b. As a result, the results shown in FIG. 20 (comparative example) and FIG. 21 (example) were obtained.

  20 and 21, the vertical axis represents the distance in the longitudinal direction from the mold 2, and the horizontal axis represents the position in the width direction, indicating the solidification completion position. Here, by performing model temperature correction twice using two thermometer values, the calculated temperature rises, and as a result, the final solidification position also extends toward the machine end. As described above, if the calculation results at the two surface temperature measurement positions and the actual measurement values match, it can be expected to ensure the accuracy of the estimated value of the final solidification position and shape determined by the temperature state in the slab. Moreover, further improvement in accuracy can be expected by installing three or more thermometers and applying the same method.

  That is, when an unsteady operation such as a change in casting conditions occurs, the cooling conditions change dynamically, so that it is difficult to accurately represent the temperature distribution change of the slab 5 due to the cooling history with a model. When such an unsteady operation occurs, there is a high possibility that a deviation occurs between the model and the actual slab temperature distribution. By installing a width direction thermometer in the middle and using the value, the deviation of the model can be corrected, but if the cooling condition change is repeated multiple times, the value of the thermometer at one location in the slab longitudinal direction In the case of this correction, the deviation due to the cooling condition downstream from the measurement position by the thermometer cannot be corrected, and there is a possibility that the estimation accuracy of the final solidification position / shape is lowered accordingly. Moreover, even if a thermometer is installed at one location downstream from the final solidification position, there is a possibility that a deviation due to a change in cooling conditions generated upstream from the thermometer position cannot be corrected sufficiently.

On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the above disadvantages can be reduced or eliminated.
From the above consideration, when the secondary cooling control is different for each of a plurality of zones, it is preferable to perform the above correction by installing a thermometer at the boundary value position.
In addition, as described above, the final solidification position and shape can be observed with higher accuracy compared to the conventional calculation, so various casting conditions (cooling conditions, light rolling conditions, casting speed, mold electromagnetic stirring strength, etc.) were changed by simulation. It is possible to grasp how the shape changes. This makes it possible to define the slab manufacturing conditions with a flat final solidification shape and little center segregation. For example, according to the final solidification position and shape calculated based on the surface temperature, the final solidification position and shape can be changed by changing the secondary cooling conditions such as changing the spray flow rate installed in the width direction for each spray. The efficiency and quality may be improved by controlling to approach a preset target position and target shape (such as flattening of the final solidified shape).

When the final solidification position / shape is obtained with high accuracy as described above, as described in the second embodiment, the quality determination unit 20C calculates the difference in the final solidification state from the information of the solidification state estimation unit 20B. And judge the quality. The quality judgment result and the mountain valley difference information are linked to the casting length, and are output to the manufacturing management control device 41 and recorded. Based on the information, it is used for quality judgment for each slab in which the slab 5 is cut to a certain size. As a result, the quality can be judged with higher accuracy.
Other configurations and effects are the same as those in the second embodiment.

4, 4a, 4b thermometer 5 slab 20 continuous casting control unit 20A next cooling control unit 20B solidification state estimation unit 20Ba solidification state estimation unit body 20Bb heat flux distribution correction unit 20C quality judgment unit d _i correction coefficient h heat transfer coefficient

Claims (6)

When estimating the solidification state using the operating conditions of the continuous casting machine and predicting the final solidification position and shape,
The surface temperature distribution in the slab width direction is measured, and the casting temperature is measured so that the error between the measured surface temperature measurement value and the estimated surface temperature value at the surface temperature distribution measurement position in the solidification state estimation calculation result is minimized. By correcting the calculated value of the single-section temperature distribution and re-estimating it, the accuracy of predicting the final solidification position and shape is improved.
Based on the predicted final solidification position and shape, the shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position are obtained, and the difference between the obtained shortest final solidification position and longest final solidification position is compared with the threshold value determined for each steel product. A method for judging the quality of a continuous cast slab characterized by judging the degree of center segregation of a piece. In recalculating the calculation value of the slab cross-section temperature distribution,
A position upstream from the surface temperature distribution measurement position and upstream from the final solidification position is determined, and the temperature distribution of the cross section at the determined upstream position is corrected using an optimization method, and the position at the corrected upstream position is corrected. The method for judging the quality of a continuous cast slab according to claim 1, wherein re-estimation calculation is performed using the temperature distribution of the cross section. When estimating the solidification state of the slab in continuous casting in which the molten steel injected into the mold is solidified by performing secondary cooling while being drawn and continuously producing the slab,
The solidification state of the slab is estimated by a heat transfer model using a heat flux based on at least the cooling condition of the secondary cooling, and the temperature distribution in the slab width direction at a preset measurement position in the slab longitudinal direction is calculated. Measure and
By correcting the heat flux distribution in the slab width direction of the slab width direction so that the estimated temperature estimated by the heat transfer model at the measurement position matches the measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction, Modify the output of the heat transfer model,
The shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position are determined based on the estimated solidification state, and the difference between the calculated shortest final solidification position and the longest final solidification position is compared with the threshold value determined for each steel product, so that the center of the slab is obtained. A method for determining the quality of a continuous cast slab characterized by determining the degree of segregation.   Two or more measurement positions are set along the slab longitudinal direction, the temperature distribution in the slab width direction is measured at each measurement position, and the estimated temperature estimated by the heat transfer model for each measurement position. The correction of the heat flux distribution in the slab width direction of the heat flux is repeated so that the measured temperature distribution in the slab width direction coincides with the measured slab width direction of the continuous cast slab according to claim 3 Quality judgment method. The secondary cooling is performed by a plurality of cooling zones,
The quality determination method for a continuous cast slab according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a correction coefficient of the heat flux distribution for correcting the heat flux distribution is individually set for each of the cooling zones.   The quality determination which determines the grade of the center segregation of the said slab performs the presence or absence of inspection implementation in a slab or steel materials based on the said quality determination, The any one of Claims 1-5 characterized by the above-mentioned. The quality judgment method of the continuous cast slab described in the item.

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