JP2014021394A - Image display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a compact image display device that has high visibility even when positions and spaces are limited for attaching a head-up display.SOLUTION: An image display device 10 includes a projection port 301 that projects image display light generated on the basis of image signals, and a combiner 400 that reflects the image display light projected from the projection port 301 to present a virtual image. The combiner 400 has a reflection surface 410, and the curvature in a specific direction along the reflection surface 410 is reduced as a distance from the projection port 301 increases. The reflection surface 410 of the combiner 400 may be formed of a biconic surface.

Description

  The present invention relates to an image display device.

  An image display device called a head-up display is known. The head-up display has an optical element called a combiner. The combiner transmits extraneous light and reflects image display light projected from the optical unit included in the head-up display. Accordingly, the user can visually recognize the image related to the image display light superimposed on the landscape via the combiner.

  According to this image display device called a head-up display, the driver of the vehicle recognizes the information of the image projected from the optical unit with almost no change in the viewing direction and the focal position for viewing the scenery outside the vehicle. Therefore, in recent years, it has attracted attention as an in-vehicle image display device.

  For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a head-up display that is mounted on a dashboard of a vehicle that adjusts a space that can be visually recognized by a user by using an X-axis stage, a Z-axis stage, and a rotary stage.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-278629

  Incidentally, the head-up display as described above is required to be smaller. For example, in a head-up display mounted on a vehicle, the position and space where the head-up display can be attached are limited, and therefore, the mounted combiner is required to be smaller. On the other hand, if an attempt is made to present a large virtual image to a small combiner in order to increase the visibility of the user who is a driver, the influence of aberration becomes large and the image may be distorted.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a small-sized image display device capable of reducing image distortion due to aberration even when the mounting position and space are limited. To do.

  In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention is an image display device. The apparatus includes an image generation unit that generates image display light based on an image signal, a projection port that projects the image display light generated by the image generation unit, and a virtual image that reflects the image display light projected from the projection port. And a combiner for presenting. In the combiner, the curvature in the specific direction becomes smaller as the distance from the projection port becomes longer in the specific direction along the reflective surface 410 of the combiner.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a small-sized image display device that can reduce image distortion due to aberration even when the position and space where the device is attached are limited.

It is a perspective view shown with a field of view from the inside of vehicles about a head up display which is a display for vehicles of the present invention. It is a perspective view shown by the visual field from the windshield side about the head-up display of FIG. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of an optical unit with the path | route of light. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of an optical unit with the path | route of light. It is a figure shown about a part inside optical unit and a part inside board | substrate storage part. In FIG. 5, it is a figure shown about the mode at the time of removing a heat sink and a flexible cable. It is a side view of the head up display attached to the room mirror. It is a front view of the head up display attached to the room mirror. It is a figure shown about the visual recognition area of the image (virtual image) projected on a combiner. It is a figure shown about the visual recognition area of the image (virtual image) projected on a combiner. It is a perspective view which shows the shape of a combiner. It is a side view which shows the combiner of FIG. It is a top view which shows the combiner of FIG. It is a side view which shows the optical path of the image display light shown to a user via a combiner. It is a side view which shows the optical path of the image display light when the viewpoint of the user who is a driver | operator moves. It is a top view which shows the optical path of the image display light shown to a user via a combiner. It is a figure which shows a mode when a projection part and a combiner are removed in the head-up display attached for right-hand drive vehicles. It is a figure which shows a mode when the board | substrate storage part is changed for left-hand drive vehicles. It is a figure which shows the head-up display changed for left-hand drive vehicles. It is a perspective view which shows the attachment member for attaching a board | substrate accommodating part to a room mirror. It is a three-plane figure of the attachment plate in the attachment member of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the head-up display attached to the room mirror. It is sectional drawing of the set screw part at the time of attaching so that the 1st attachment surface of a board | substrate storage part may contact an attachment plate. It is sectional drawing of the set screw part at the time of attaching so that the 2nd attachment surface of a board | substrate storage part may contact an attachment plate. It is a figure shown about the modification of an attachment plate. It is a side view which shows a mode that the combiner was bent by the accommodation hinge. It is a front view which shows a mode that the combiner was bent by the storage hinge.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Specific numerical values and the like shown in the embodiment are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not illustrated. To do.

[External Configuration of Display Device for Vehicle According to this Embodiment]
As a display device for a vehicle according to this embodiment, a head-up display that is used by being attached to a room mirror (rear mirror) provided in the vehicle is taken as an example, and an external configuration thereof is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. To do. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an aspect in which the head-up display 10 according to the present embodiment is observed from a field of view toward a windshield (not shown) of a vehicle from a room mirror 600 to which the head-up display 10 is attached. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an aspect in which the head-up display 10 is observed with a field of view from the windshield (not shown) toward the room mirror 600. In the following description, the directions indicated by front and rear, left and right, and up and down are the front and rear of the vehicle, the left and right sides of the vehicle, the direction perpendicular to the road surface on which the vehicle is disposed, and the opposite direction from the surface to the vehicle, respectively. Means direction.

  The head-up display 10 generates an image signal related to an image displayed as a virtual image on the combiner 400, and stores a circuit board 111 (see FIG. 5) that outputs the generated image signal to the optical unit 200. Part 100. The circuit board 111 receives an image signal output from an external device (not shown) such as a navigation device or a media playback device, performs a predetermined process on the input signal, and outputs the processed signal to the optical unit 200. You can also. The substrate storage unit 100 is connected to a mounting member 500 (see FIG. 20), which will be described later, which is one of the components of the head-up display 10, and the rear-view mirror 600 is held by the mounting member 500, so 10 is attached to the room mirror 600. The details of each mechanism relating to the connection between the substrate storage unit 100 and the mounting member 500 and the holding of the room mirror 600 of the mounting member 500 will be described later. Further, in order to facilitate explanation and understanding of the overall configuration of the head-up display 10, the mounting member 500 is not shown in FIGS.

  The head-up display 10 includes an optical unit 200 to which an image signal output from the circuit board 111 is input. The optical unit 200 includes an optical unit main body 210 and a projection unit 300. The optical unit main body 210 accommodates a light source 231, an image display element 240, and various optical lenses described later. The projection unit 300 houses various projection mirrors and an intermediate image screen 360 described later. The image signal output from the circuit board 111 is projected as image display light from the projection port 301 onto the combiner 400 having a concave shape through the devices of the optical unit main body 210 and the devices of the projection unit 300. In the present embodiment, a case where LCOS (Liquid crystal on silicon), which is a reflection type liquid crystal display panel, is used as the image display element 240 is illustrated, but a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) may be used as the image display element 240. In that case, the optical system and the driving circuit according to the display element to be applied are used.

  A user who is a driver recognizes the projected image display light as a virtual image via the combiner 400. In FIG. 1, the projection unit 300 projects the image display light of the character “A” onto the combiner 400. By viewing the combiner 400, the user recognizes as if the letter “A” is displayed, for example, 1.7m to 2.0m ahead (front of the vehicle) from the user, that is, recognizes the virtual image 450. it can. Here, the central axis of the image display light projected from the projection unit 300 onto the combiner 400 is defined as a projection axis 320.

  Although details will be described later, the optical unit 200 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Furthermore, in the head-up display 10 according to the present embodiment, the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 have a configuration in which the mounting direction can be changed with respect to a predetermined surface of the optical unit main body 210 and can be detached.

[Internal Configuration of Display Device for Vehicle According to Present Embodiment: Optical System]
Next, the internal configuration of the head-up display 10 will be described. 3 and 4 are diagrams for describing the internal configuration of the optical unit 200 of the head-up display 10 described above. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the optical unit main body 210 and a part of the internal configuration of the projection unit 300 together with an optical path related to image display light. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the projection unit 300 and a part of the internal configuration of the optical unit main body 210 together with an optical path related to image display light projected to the combiner 400.

  First, an internal configuration of the optical unit main body 210 and an optical path related to image display light will be described with reference to FIG. The optical unit main body 210 includes a light source 231, a collimating lens 232, a UV-IR (UltraViolet-Infrared Ray) cut filter 233, a polarizer 234, a fly-eye lens 235, a reflecting mirror 236, a field lens 237, a wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, A quarter-wave plate 239, an analyzer 241, a projection lens group 242, and a heat sink 243 are provided.

  The light source 231 includes a light emitting diode that emits light of three colors of white, blue, green, and red. A heat sink 243 is attached to the light source 231 for cooling the heat generated with light emission. The light emitted from the light source 231 is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens 232. The UV-IR cut filter 233 absorbs and removes ultraviolet light and infrared light from the parallel light that has passed through the collimating lens 232. The polarizer 234 changes the light that has passed through the UV-IR cut filter 233 into unpolarized P-polarized light. The fly-eye lens 235 uniformly adjusts the brightness of the light that has passed through the polarizer 234.

  The reflecting mirror 236 deflects the optical path of light that has passed through each cell of the fly-eye lens 235 by 90 degrees. The light reflected by the reflecting mirror 236 is collected by the field lens 237. The light collected by the field lens 237 is irradiated to the image display element 240 via the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238 and the quarter wavelength plate 239 that transmit the P-polarized light.

  The image display element 240 includes red, green, and blue color filters for each pixel. The light emitted to the image display element 240 has a color corresponding to each pixel, is modulated by the liquid crystal composition included in the image display element 240, and becomes S-polarized image display light, which is applied to the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238. It is injected towards. The emitted S-polarized light is reflected by the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, changes the optical path, passes through the analyzer 241, and then enters the projection lens group 242.

  The image display light transmitted through the projection lens group 242 exits the optical unit main body 210 and enters the projection unit 300. And the 1st projection mirror 351 with which the projection part 300 is provided changes the optical path of the image display light which entered.

  Next, an internal configuration of the projection unit 300 and an optical path related to image display light will be described with reference to FIG. The projection unit 300 includes a first projection mirror 351, a second projection mirror 352, and an intermediate image screen 360.

  As described above, the optical path of the image display light that has passed through the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, the analyzer 241, and the projection lens group 242 included in the optical unit main body 210 is combined by the first projection mirror 351 and the second projection mirror 352. The optical path to 400 is changed. Meanwhile, a real image based on the image display light reflected by the second projection mirror 352 is formed on the intermediate image screen 360. The image display light related to the real image formed on the intermediate image screen 360 passes through the intermediate image screen 360 and is projected onto the combiner 400. As described above, the user recognizes the virtual image related to the projected image display light forward via the combiner 400.

  With the internal configuration as described above, the user can visually recognize a virtual image based on the image signal output from the circuit board 111 while being superimposed on an actual landscape via the combiner 400.

[Internal Configuration of Display Device for Vehicle According to Present Embodiment: Details of Internal Configuration of Optical Unit 200]
The optical unit 200 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Next, the internal configuration of the optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a part of the inside of the optical unit 200 and a part of the inside of the substrate storage unit 100. In FIG. 5, the vicinity of the connection portion between the optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 is mainly shown. The optical system arrangement unit 245 included in the optical unit 200 accommodates various devices other than the heat sink 243 described above. In the optical unit 200, a heat sink 243 and a space 248 are provided in the vicinity of the connection portion of the optical system arrangement unit 245 with the substrate storage unit 100 on the substrate storage unit 100 side.

  The circuit board 111 electrically controls the image display element 240 and the light source 231 housed in the optical system arrangement unit 245. The circuit board 111 and the image display element 240 accommodated in the optical system arrangement unit 245 are connected by a flexible cable 246 that is a wiring. Here, the flexible cable 246 is an example, and a flexible board or other wiring for transmitting an electrical signal can be used. The optical unit 200 has an optical unit side opening 247 formed on one surface of the housing, and the substrate housing portion 100 has a substrate housing portion side opening 112 formed on one surface of the housing. The flexible cable 246 connects the circuit substrate 111 and the image display element 240 through the optical unit side opening 247 and the substrate storage unit side opening 112. The flexible cable 246 preferably has a length that allows the substrate storage unit 100 and the optical unit 200 to freely rotate.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the heat sink 243 and the flexible cable 246 described above are removed from a part of the optical unit 200 in FIG. 5 and a part of the substrate storage unit 100.

  Each of the optical unit side opening 247 and the substrate storage unit side opening 112 is formed in a shape having two opposing sides that spread at a predetermined angle, for example, a substantially fan shape having a predetermined angle. As a result, when the optical unit 200 is rotated with respect to the substrate storage unit 100 as will be described later, the housing relating to the surface of the optical unit 200 on which the optical unit side opening 247 is provided, or the substrate storage unit 100. It is possible to reduce the force applied to the flexible cable 246 by the housing according to the surface on which the board housing portion side opening 112 is provided. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the flexible cable 246 from being damaged or cut by the respective housings as it rotates.

  Further, as described above, the space portion 248 is provided in the vicinity of the connection portion of the substrate storage portion 100 in the optical unit 200, and the flexible cable 246 is mainly stored in the space portion 248 in the optical unit 200. . By providing the space 248, the length of the flexible cable can be secured with a margin. Accordingly, the tension applied to the flexible cable 246 can be reduced when the optical unit 200 is rotated with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the flexible cable 246 from being damaged or cut by the tension accompanying the rotation.

  The optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 are connected to each other by a hinge 113 that is a rotation member that serves as a rotation axis of the rotation, and a rotation stop mechanism 114 that limits a rotation angle range. The optical unit 200 rotates with respect to the substrate storage unit 100 by a predetermined angle around the hinge 113. Here, although the hinge 113 is used in the present embodiment, other rotating members can be used.

  The substrate storage unit side opening 112 of the substrate storage unit 100 and the optical unit side opening 247 of the optical unit 200 are substantially fan-shaped as described above. When the substrate storage unit 100 rotates with respect to the optical unit 200, the opening for passing the flexible cable 246 formed by both the substrate storage unit side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 is narrowed. However, the substrate housing side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 are substantially fan-shaped, so that the flexible cable 246 is sufficiently passed through the angle range limited by the rotation stopping mechanism 114. The opening is maintained.

  Note that the shapes of the above-described substrate storage unit side opening 112 and optical unit side opening 247 are merely examples, and any shape may be used as long as the flexible cable 246 is not damaged by rotation. For example, only one of the substrate housing side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 may be formed in a shape having two opposing sides that spread at a predetermined angle so that the load is not applied to the flexible cable 246.

  As described above, the head-up display 10 is configured such that the optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 can rotate around the hinge 113. The combiner 400 is provided in the optical unit 200, and the substrate storage unit 100 is attached to the room mirror 600 by an attachment member 500. As described above, the user can independently adjust the observation angle of the room mirror and the adjustment of the observation angle of the combiner 400. Therefore, the user can adjust the room mirror 600 to an angle at which the rear of the vehicle can be properly confirmed, and adjust the viewing angle of the combiner 400 to recognize an appropriate image (virtual image) without distortion.

  As will be described in detail later, the combiner 400 of the head-up display 10 has a configuration in which the curvature in a specific direction decreases as the distance from the projection port 301 increases. With this configuration, even when the combiner 400 is downsized, an image with less distortion is presented. As described above, since the optical unit 200 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the substrate storage unit 100, the user can maintain the positional relationship between the projection port 301 of the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 while maintaining the positional relationship between the combiner 400. The viewing angle can be adjusted. Therefore, according to the head-up display 10, the user can adjust the viewing angle of the combiner 400 while presenting the image with less distortion on the combiner 400.

  Further, by providing the optical unit 200 with the space 248 for storing the flexible cable 246 with a sufficient length, the optical unit 200 can freely rotate with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Adjustment of each observation angle can be performed appropriately, and tension generated by rotation can be prevented from damaging or cutting the flexible cable 246.

  Furthermore, by making the substrate housing portion side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening portion 247 of the optical unit 200 into the above-mentioned substantially fan shape, the optical unit 200 and the substrate are rotated by the rotation of the optical unit 200 with respect to the substrate housing portion 100. Each casing outer wall of the storage unit 100 can be prevented from damaging or cutting the flexible cable 246, and the user can appropriately adjust each observation angle.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the optical path of the image display light is bent twice in the 90 ° direction by using the reflecting mirror 236 and the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238. The image display light is emitted to the projection unit 300 in a direction opposite to the light emission direction of the light source 231. Thus, by making the path of the image display light U-shaped, the flexible cable 246 can be wired so as not to be close to the light source 231 (see FIG. 5). Thereby, noise due to electromagnetic waves generated from the light source 231 can be prevented from being mixed into the image signal, and the flexible cable 246 can also be prevented from being damaged by heat generated by the light source 231. Furthermore, since the heat sink 243 installed in the vicinity of the light source 231 is also arranged away from the flexible cable 246, a space portion 248 for storing the flexible cable 246 can be provided.

[Angle adjustment using hinges]
Next, the rotation of the optical unit 200 with respect to the substrate storage unit 100 will be described in detail. FIG. 7 is a side view of the head-up display 10 attached to the room mirror 600. As shown in this figure, the room mirror 600 is normally directed toward the driver so that the driver can visually recognize the rear of the vehicle. That is, it is rare for the driver to drive with the mirror surface 602 of the room mirror 600 perpendicular to the vehicle bottom surface or the traveling road surface. Usually, the driver uses the mirror surface 602 of the room mirror 600 as the vehicle bottom surface or the like. The direction of the rearview mirror 600 is tilted so as to have an angle with respect to the vertical plane. For this reason, when the head-up display 10 is attached to the room mirror 600, the substrate storage unit 100 also has an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the vehicle bottom surface or the like as the room mirror 600 is tilted.

  The inventor of the present application conducted an experiment for recognizing a virtual image presented by the combiner 400 for many vehicles and various users. As a result, the longitudinal direction of the room mirror 600 and the longitudinal direction of the substrate storage unit 100 are the same direction. If the angle of the combiner 400 and the optical unit 200 is adjusted so that the user recognizes the virtual image without distortion when the head-up display 10 is installed, the mirror surface 602 and the optical unit main body 210 are often adjusted. It was confirmed by an experiment that the angle formed with the reference plane 212 of the lens was approximately 100 degrees.

  Here, the “reference plane” of the optical unit body 210 is an angle measurement reference plane used as a reference for measuring the inclination of the optical unit body 210 with respect to the mirror surface 602 of the rearview mirror 600. An example of the reference surface 212 is a plane including the optical axis of the optical unit main body 210 or a plane parallel thereto. Another example of the reference surface 212 is the first main body surface 221 that is the lower surface when the head-up display 10 is attached to the right handle, or the second main body surface that is the surface facing the first main body surface 221. 222 or a plane parallel to these surfaces. The “reference surface” of the optical unit main body 210 may be a reference surface of the optical unit 200.

  In view of the above experimental results, the head-up display 10 according to the embodiment includes the mounting member 500, the mounting plate 571, and the like so that the longitudinal direction of the room mirror 600 and the longitudinal direction of the substrate storage unit 100 are the same direction. When the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 using 581 or the like, an optimal image without distortion can be presented when the angle formed by the mirror surface 602 and the reference surface 212 becomes a predetermined reference angle. Designed. Specifically, the optical unit constituting the optical system of the head-up display 10 is designed so that an optimal video can be presented under the above-described conditions.

  Here, the “optical part constituting the optical system of the head-up display 10” is a system that generates and projects image display light based on an image signal output from the circuit board 111 housed in the board housing part 100. . More specifically, in the optical unit main body 210, a light source 231, a collimating lens 232, a UV-IR (UltraViolet-Infrared Ray) cut filter 233, a polarizer 234, a fly-eye lens 235, a reflecting mirror 236, a field lens 237, Wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, quarter-wave plate 239, analyzer 241, projection lens group 242, first projection mirror 351, second projection mirror 352, intermediate image screen 360, and combiner 400 in projection unit 300 Are all or a predetermined portion.

  The “predetermined reference angle” is an angle formed between the mirror surface 602 and the reference surface 212 and is an angle assumed as a design reference when the head-up display 10 is optically designed. The “predetermined reference angle” may be determined by experiments so that an optimal video without distortion can be presented to many vehicles and various users. An example of the predetermined reference angle is an obtuse angle, more specifically 100 degrees. The “predetermined reference angle” is indicated by using φ in FIG.

  As described above, since the head-up display 10 according to the embodiment is designed with an optical unit that forms an optical system based on the angle formed by the mirror surface 602 and the reference surface 212 being a predetermined reference angle, Thus, the optical design is optimally adapted to the inclination of the room mirror 600 assumed in the usage state. When the head-up display 10 according to many vehicles and various user embodiments is mounted so that an optimal image without distortion can be presented, the optical unit 200 is often kept near horizontal. Since the optical unit 200 does not face the user, it is possible to reduce the feeling of pressure received by the user who is the driver.

  In FIG. 7, the substrate storage portion 100 attached via an attachment member 500 (not shown) is fixedly installed on the room mirror 600 directed toward the user as described above. For this reason, the substrate storage unit 100 can be changed in orientation similar to the orientation change applied to the room mirror 600. On the other hand, as described above, the optical unit 200 including the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 can be rotated integrally with the substrate storage unit 100 by the hinge 113. Therefore, regardless of the adjustment angle of the room mirror 600, the driver can adjust the image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 to a visible position without causing distortion.

  FIG. 8 is a view from the view of the mirror surface 602 side of the room mirror 600 of the head-up display 10 attached to the room mirror 600. As shown in this figure, the rotation surface of the hinge 113 that is a boundary surface between the substrate storage unit 100 and the optical unit 200 formed by the rotation of the hinge 113 is perpendicular to the mirror surface 602 and parallel to the projection axis 320. By being a smooth surface, it is in a position that does not cross the room mirror 600. Therefore, the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 can be integrally rotated without contacting the room mirror 600 while the substrate storage unit 100 is fixed to the room mirror 600.

  FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams showing a space in which an image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 can be visually recognized. The optical unit 200 rotated by the above-described hinge 113 and the observation direction of the driver of the combiner 400 are illustrated. It is a figure for demonstrating a change. For example, when both the driver B with a higher eye position than the driver A uses the head-up display 10 attached to the same vehicle, the adjustment angle by the hinge 113 when the driver A uses is shown in FIG. As shown, the angle φ1. At this angle, the driver A can visually recognize the image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 without distortion. On the other hand, the adjustment angle by the hinge 113 when the driver B is used is an angle φ2 larger than the angle φ1 as shown in FIG. 10, and an image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 to the driver B at this angle φ2. ) Can be viewed without distortion. The rotation of the hinge 113 from the angle φ1 to the angle φ2 is a straight line formed mainly by the rotation surface and the mirror surface 602 of the room mirror 600 at a position where an image displayed as a virtual image is recognized by the combiner 400. Change in a direction parallel to.

  Therefore, even if the head-up display 10 of this embodiment is installed in a narrow space in the vehicle, the combiner 400 in which the projection direction of the image display light from the projection unit 300 and the image display light are projected in a space-saving manner. Can be adjusted. Moreover, since only the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 can be moved integrally without moving the entire head-up display 10, a space in which a display image can be easily viewed can be adjusted.

[Combiner shape according to this embodiment]
Next, the shape of the combiner 400 will be described in detail. FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the shape of the combiner 400. The image display light projected along the projection axis 320 from the projection port 301 is reflected at the projection position 322 on the reflection surface 410 of the combiner 400. The reflected image display light travels along the reflection axis 330 and reaches the user who is the driver. The user visually recognizes the image display light projected from the projection port 301 as a virtual image that appears in the line-of-sight direction 340 in front of the combiner 400.

  When the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is formed of a spherical surface, the virtual image of the image display light presented to the user E is distorted due to the influence of aberration, and the visibility may be reduced. In particular, when the distance between the projection port 301 and the combiner 400 is shortened in order to obtain a small-sized mirror-mounted image display device, the curvature of the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is increased in order to present a large virtual image to the user. There is a need. When the curvature of the reflecting surface 410 is increased, spherical aberration and astigmatism increase, and the virtual image presented to the user is easily distorted, making it difficult to present high-definition and highly visible image display light.

ｃ_ｘ：ｘ方向の曲率（ｘ方向の曲率半径の逆数）
ｃ_ｙ：ｙ方向の曲率（ｙ方向の曲率半径の逆数）
ｋ_ｘ：ｘ方向コーニック定数
ｋ_ｙ：ｙ方向コーニック定数 Therefore, in order to reduce image distortion and degradation of definition due to aberration, the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 according to the present embodiment is formed of an aspherical surface. For example, the reflective surface 410 is configured by a biconic surface expressed by the formula (1). In Expression (1), the z-axis direction is the user's line-of-sight direction 340, and the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are a horizontal direction and a vertical direction orthogonal to the line-of-sight direction 340, respectively. Note that the origin position of the xyz axis is the apex of the biconic surface constituting the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 for convenience of explanation.

c _x : curvature in x direction (reciprocal of radius of curvature in x direction)
c _y : curvature in y direction (reciprocal of radius of curvature in y direction)
k _x : x-direction conic constant k _y : y-direction conic constant

By changing the value of the conic constant, the shape of the biconic surface expressed by Equation (1) can be changed to a hyperboloid, a paraboloid, an ellipsoid, a spherical surface, and the like. For example, when the x direction conic constant satisfies the relationship of k _x <−1, the shape of the biconic surface in the xz plane (y = 0) is a hyperbola. Similarly, a parabola is obtained when k _x = −1, an ellipse when −1 <k _x <0, a circle when k _x = 0, and a flat ellipsoid when k _x > 0. y-direction conic constant k _y be satisfied similar relationship for, by changing the y-direction conic constant k _y, the shape of the biconic surface in the yz plane (x = 0) is hyperbolic, parabolic, etc. elliptical line It will change.

  Hereinafter, a specific shape of the combiner 400 when the reflecting surface 410 is a biconic surface will be described. As shown in FIG. 11, the combiner 400 according to the embodiment has + y with respect to the projection position 322 where the vertex position 422 of the biconic surface constituting the reflective surface 410 is the intersection of the projection axis 320 and the reflective surface 410. It is provided to be a position moved in the direction. Moreover, the combiner 400 is provided so that the vertex position 422 may be the closest position from the projection port 301. In addition, the 1st curve 431 of FIG. 11 shows the intersection line of the reflective surface 410 and yz plane, and the 2nd curve 432 shows the intersection line of the reflective surface 410 and xz plane.

  FIG. 12 is a side view showing the combiner 400 of FIG. FIG. 12 shows a cross section of the combiner 400 cut along the yz plane passing through the vertex position 422. Therefore, the first curve 431 that is the reflecting surface 410 cut by the yz plane is determined by a function in which x = 0 in Expression (1) with the vertex position 422 as the origin.

  At this time, the vertex position 422 of the reflection surface 410 passing through the first curve 431 is provided to be a position moved in the + y direction with respect to the projection position 322 that is the intersection of the reflection surface 410 and the projection axis 320. . In other words, with respect to the line-of-sight direction 340 from the user's viewpoint E, the reference axis 420 of the biconic surface orthogonal to the vertex position 422 is arranged so as to have a positional relationship decentered in the y direction. For this reason, the image display light projected along the projection axis 320 from the projection port 301 is reflected by the reflection surface 410 and changes its direction, and the user in the direction of the reflection axis 330 visually recognizes the reflected light. Can do.

  In addition, the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is not symmetric in the y-axis direction with the vertex position 422 of the biconic surface as a reference axis, but is asymmetric using the lower half of the biconic surface. Thereby, compared with the case where the upper half of a biconic surface is included in a reflective surface, the combiner 400 can be made smaller.

  FIG. 13 is a top view showing the combiner 400 of FIG. FIG. 13 shows a cut surface of the combiner 400 cut along the xz plane passing through the vertex position 422. Therefore, the second curve 432, which is the reflection surface 410 cut by the second plane, is determined by a function with y = 0 in Equation (1) with the vertex position 422 as the origin.

  At this time, the vertex position 422 of the reflection surface 410 passing through the second curve 432 is provided at a position where the x coordinate is the same as the projection position 322 that is the intersection of the reflection surface 410 and the projection axis 320. In other words, the line-of-sight direction 340 from the user's viewpoint E and the biaxial surface reference axis 420 orthogonal to the vertex position 422 are arranged in a positional relationship that is concentric with the x direction. For this reason, the user can visually recognize reflected light with less aberration in the x direction.

In the combiner 400 according to the present embodiment, the curve shape in the x direction is any one of a hyperbola, a parabola, and an elliptic line on the biconic surface represented by the equation (1). At this time, since the conic constant satisfies the relationship of k _x <0, the curvature in the x direction of the biconic surface is the maximum at the origin x = 0, and the x direction increases as the absolute value of the x coordinate increases. The curvature of becomes smaller. That is, with respect to the x-axis direction along the reflecting surface of the combiner 400, the curvature in the x direction of the biconic surface decreases as the distance from the vertex position 422 that is closest to the projection opening increases.

Similarly, any one of a hyperbola, a parabola, and an elliptic line is used for the curve shape in the y direction. At this time, since the conic constant satisfies the relationship of k _y <0, the curvature in the y direction of the biconic surface is maximum at the origin y = 0, and the y direction increases as the absolute value of the y coordinate increases. The curvature of becomes smaller. That is, with respect to the y-axis direction along the reflecting surface of the combiner 400, the curvature of the biconic surface in the y direction decreases as the distance from the vertex position 422 that is closest to the projection opening increases.

  Therefore, as the distance from the vertex position 422 increases with respect to a specific direction along the reflective surface 410, the curvature in the specific direction decreases. Since the biconic surface constituting the reflective surface 410 is provided such that the vertex position 422 is closest to the projection port 301, the curvature with respect to a specific direction is the vertex position 422 whose distance from the projection port 301 is closest. Becomes the maximum, and the curvature decreases as the distance from the projection port 301 becomes farther toward the specific direction.

  FIG. 14 is a side view showing an optical path of image display light presented to the user via the combiner. The projection light 324 projected from the projection port 301 is reflected by the reflecting surface of the combiner 400. The reflected reflected light 334 reaches the user E and is visually recognized as a virtual image 450. At this time, by configuring the reflection surface 410 with a biconic surface, a virtual image 450 with less distortion can be presented even when image display light having a two-dimensional size is projected. In particular, even when the curvature of the reflective surface 410 of the combiner 400 is increased in order to shorten the distance between the projection port 301 and the combiner 400, the reflective surface 410 is presented to the user by configuring it with a biconic surface. It is possible to suppress the distortion of the virtual image 450 and present the virtual image 450 with high definition and high visibility.

  FIG. 15 is a side view showing an optical path of image display light when the viewpoint of a user who is a driver moves. The viewpoints E1 to E3 of the user who is the driver change depending on the height of the driver and the sitting position. Even in the case where the user's viewpoint moves, it is convenient for the user that the virtual image 450 without distortion can be visually recognized within a certain movement range. The inventor makes it possible to present a virtual image 450 with less distortion even when the user's viewpoint moves up and down by making the first curve 431 that is the shape of the biconic surface in the y direction a hyperbola close to a parabola. I found it.

In the first curve 431 and hyperbolic near parabola, the value of the y-direction conic constant k _y, a value less than -1, the value close to -1. For example, _-1> k y> is a value that satisfies the relationship -2, specific values, the size of the virtual image 450, the positional relationship between the projection port 301 and the combiner 400 and the virtual image 450, the projection shaft 320 and the reference axis It is desirable to determine by experiment according to the degree of eccentricity of 420 or the like.

  FIG. 16 is a top view showing an optical path of image display light presented to the user via the combiner. Similarly to FIG. 15, the projection light projected from the projection port 301 is reflected by the combiner 400, and the reflected light reaches the user's left eye E <b> 1 and right eye E <b> 2 and is visually recognized as a virtual image 450. At this time, it is desirable that both the virtual image visually recognized by the left eye E1 and the virtual image visually recognized by the right eye E2 are presented as virtual images with less image distortion due to aberration. The inventor has found that the second curve 432, which is the shape of the biconic surface in the x direction, is an elliptical line close to a parabola, so that a virtual image 450 with less distortion can be presented even when the left and right viewpoints are different. It was.

In order to make the second curve 432 an elliptic line close to a parabola, the value of the x-direction conic constant k _x is set to a value larger than −1 and close to −1. For example, although it is a value satisfying the relationship of −1 <k _y <−0.5, the specific value depends on the size of the virtual image 450, the positional relationship between the projection port 301, the combiner 400, and the virtual image 450, and the like. It is desirable to determine by experiment.

  Whether the reflecting surface 410 is a hyperboloid, a parabola, or an ellipsoid is determined by the eccentric relationship between the reference axis 420 of the biconic surface constituting the reflecting surface 410 and the line-of-sight direction 340. it can. For example, when the reference axis 420 is decentered in the x direction with respect to the line-of-sight direction 340, the first curve 431 having a shape in the y direction is an elliptic line close to a parabola, and the second curve 432 having a shape in the x direction is used. A hyperbola close to a parabola may be selected. Further, when the reference axis 420 is decentered in both the x direction and the y direction with respect to the line-of-sight direction 340, the first curve 431 and the second curve 432 may be selected as hyperbolas close to a parabola. . It is desirable to experimentally determine various coefficients and constants that define the curved surface.

  Moreover, although the combiner 400 demonstrated the structure containing the vertex position 422 of the biconic surface which comprises the reflective surface 410, the combiner does not need to include a vertex position. For example, when it is necessary to use a combiner that is smaller than the design due to space constraints in the vehicle, only a portion close to the projection position 322 may be cut out from the reflective surface 410 shown in FIG.

[Rotation and removal of combiner and projection unit]
FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 are diagrams for explaining the case where the head-up display 10 is mounted at the mounting position corresponding to the right-hand drive vehicle and the mounting position corresponding to the left-hand drive vehicle. FIG. 17 shows a state in which the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 are removed from the optical unit main body 210 in the head-up display 10 attached to the right-hand drive vehicle. In the head-up display 10 attached for a right-hand drive vehicle, the optical unit main body 210 and the combiner 400 are arranged on the right side, which is the driver side of the rearview mirror 600, when viewed from the driver side. The substrate storage unit 100 has a first mounting surface 115 and a second mounting surface 117 opposite to the first mounting surface 115. In FIG. 17, the first mounting surface 115 is attached to a mounting member 500 (not shown). It is attached to the rearview mirror 600 in the direction of contact. Further, the optical unit main body 210 has a first main body surface 221 on the same side as the first mounting surface 115 of the substrate housing portion 100. The surface of the optical unit main body 210 that faces the first main body surface 221 is referred to as a second main body surface 222.

  In the head-up display 10 shown in FIG. 17, the first mounting surface 115 of the substrate storage unit 100 and the first main body surface 221 of the optical unit main body 210 face downward, and the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 are The lower end 404 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 in an arrangement state where the lower end 404 is on the first body surface 221 side. Therefore, the projection axis 320 is on the first body surface 221 side (see FIG. 1).

  FIG. 18 shows the head-up display 10 attached for a left-hand drive vehicle. As shown in this figure, when mounting for a left-hand drive vehicle, the second mounting surface 117 of the board housing portion 100 is on the lower side and the second mounting surface 117 is in contact with the mounting member 500 (not shown). Attached to the mirror 600. In this case, the optical unit main body 210 and the combiner 400 are arranged on the left side which is the driver side of the rearview mirror 600 when viewed from the driver side.

  FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the head-up display 10 attached for a left-hand drive vehicle. The second mounting surface 117 of the substrate storage unit 100 and the second main body surface 222 of the optical unit main body 210 are on the same lower side, and the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 and the lower end 404 of the combiner 400 are the second main body. The head-up display 10 is attached to the room mirror 600 in the arrangement state on the surface 222 side.

  As shown in FIGS. 17 and 19, in the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400, the projection port 301 and the lower end 404 are on either the first main body surface 221 side or the second main body surface 222 side of the optical unit main body 210. Even in the state, the optical unit main body 210 can be arranged. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, it is possible to remove the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 from the optical unit main body 210 and change the respective mounting directions. Although not shown, the optical unit main body 210 and the projection unit are omitted. 300 and the combiner 400 are connected by a rotating member, and the mounting direction of each can be changed via the rotating member. That is, in the head-up display 10, the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 can be attached to the optical unit main body 210 by changing the mounting direction, and the combiner can be changed from the projection unit 300 by changing the mounting direction. The projection axis 320 relating to the arrangement of the projection ports 301 for emitting the image display light projected onto the image 400 and the projection direction of the image display light can be the first main body surface 221 side or the second main body surface 222 side. .

  As shown in FIG. 19, even when the second mounting surface 117 is on the lower side, the projection unit 301 is in a state where the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 is on the second body surface 222 side of the optical unit body 210. Since 300 can be disposed, image display light is projected downward from the optical unit main body 210. Therefore, the projection axis 320 is on the second body surface 222 side.

  As described above, the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 can be used even when the projection port 301 and the lower end 404 are located on either the first body surface 221 side or the second body surface 222 side of the optical unit body 210. The main body 210 can be arranged. That is, projection is performed at a position where the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 and the lower end 404 of the combiner 400 are changed by 180 ° with respect to one surface of the optical unit main body 210 (the first main body surface 221 or the second main body surface 222). The part 300 and the combiner 400 can be attached. The mounting positions of the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 with respect to the optical unit main body 210 can be changed, and the mounting positions of the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 with respect to the first mounting surface 115 (or the second mounting surface 117) of the substrate storage unit 100 can also be changed.

  Here, when the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 are attached to the optical unit main body 210 by changing the attachment position by 180 °, the image (virtual image) visually recognized by the combiner 400 is the same as before the attachment is changed. In comparison, the orientation may change by 180 °. Therefore, in the head-up display 10, the circuit board 111 is before the attachment change by the detection of the attachment position and orientation of the projection unit 300 or the combiner 400 by the sensor and the driver setting through an operation unit such as a remote controller (not shown). An image signal with the image orientation changed is output.

  For example, in the head-up display 10 attached as shown in FIG. 17, the orientation of the image output at the attachment position where the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 is on the first main body surface 221 side, and the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300. By changing the orientation of the image output at the attachment position on the second main body surface 222 side by 180 °, an image in the same direction is visually recognized even if the attachment position of the projection unit 300 with respect to the optical unit main body 210 changes by 180 °. It becomes possible to do.

  Accordingly, the image display element 240 changes the image direction (up / down / left / right, 180 °, etc.) according to the attachment position of the projection unit 300 and outputs the image. (Virtual image) can be visually recognized.

  Also, even when the left-hand drive vehicle is mounted, the rotation surface of the hinge 113 is in a position that does not cross the room mirror 600 as in the case shown in FIG. The optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 can be integrally rotated without contacting the room mirror 600 while being fixed to the room mirror 600.

[Room mirror mounting member]
Next, the attachment member 500 for attaching the head-up display 10 to the rearview mirror 600 will be described in detail. FIG. 20 shows an attachment member 500 for attaching the head-up display 10 to the room mirror 600. As shown in this figure, the attachment member 500 is a pair of grips 590 that are fixed to the room mirror 600 so as to grip the room mirror 600, and an attachment for attaching the pair of grips 590 and the substrate storage unit 100. Plate 581. Here, the grip portion 590 sandwiches the two lower gripping mechanism portions 591 having claw portions that can slide back and forth to sandwich the lower end portion of the rearview mirror 600 and the upper end portion of the rearview mirror 600. Two upper gripping mechanism portions 592 having claw portions slidable in the front and rear, a height adjusting portion 593 slidable up and down to sandwich the rear mirror 600 from the rear side up and down, and a mounting plate 581 are mounted. A position adjustment groove 594 which is a long hole for adjusting the position of the mounting plate 581 with respect to the grip portion 590 is provided on the upper surface. Here, the attachment plate 581 is disposed so as to straddle the upper surfaces of the pair of gripping portions 590, and a pair of protrusions 584 of the attachment plate 581 described later are engaged with and attached to the position adjustment groove 594.

  FIG. 21 is a three-side view of the mounting plate 581 in the mounting member 500 of FIG. As shown in this figure, the mounting plate 581 is composed of a substantially rectangular plate-like member as a whole, and a flat surface that is a mounting surface has a pair of arc-shaped hole portions 582 that are arc-shaped holes of different orientations, A center hole portion 583 that is a pair of holes formed at the center position of a circle serving as the base of the arc of the arc hole portion 582, and a position formed on the grip portion 590 when attached to the grip portion 590 on the back surface side. And a projection 584 that is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the position adjusting groove 594 by being fitted to the adjusting groove 594.

The center hole 583 is provided at the center in the width direction, which is a direction orthogonal to a straight line connecting the pair of protrusions of the mounting plate 581. On the other hand, the pair of protrusions 584 are not attached to the center in the width direction described above, but are disposed at positions separated in the width direction by a certain distance (offset D) from the center. As a result, the mounting plate 581 is mounted in such a manner that each protrusion 584 is closer to the height adjustment portion 593 than each center hole 583, and the mounting plate 581 is moved from the first state. Rotate 180 ° with the direction perpendicular to the surface as the axis and below the pair of protrusions 584, and in the second state where the two ends in the width direction are used interchangeably, the sliding range is Therefore, the adjustable range of the position of the substrate storage unit 100 can be increased. Note that the second state is a state in which the protruding portion 584 is attached so as to be farther from the height adjusting portion 593 than the center hole portion 583.
Since the distance between the room mirror 600 and the windshield (windshield) of the car varies depending on the vehicle type, as described above, by arranging the pair of protrusions 584 with the offset D from the center, The degree of freedom of the position in the front-rear direction for fixing the head-up display 10 is increased, and the head-up display 10 can be attached to various vehicles. Further, by providing a plurality of gripping portions 590 (a pair in the present embodiment), it is possible to deal with various vehicles.

  The distance between the pair of gripping portions 590 can be arranged such that the distance between the two position adjustment grooves 594 is the same as the distance between the two protrusions 584 of the mounting plate 581. However, the pair of grip portions 590 can be arranged so that the distance between the two position adjustment grooves 594 is shorter than the distance between the two protrusion portions 584. Since the distance between the pair of protrusions 584 does not change, the mounting plate 581 is inevitably attached obliquely when arranged in this manner, and the angle of the position adjustment groove 594 with respect to the longitudinal direction can be changed. it can. That is, the attachment plate 581 and the substrate storage unit 100 can be attached at an angle by rotating along the plane on the attachment plate 581. As described above, by providing a plurality of gripping portions 590 (a pair in the present embodiment) and adjusting the distance between the plurality of gripping portions 590, it is possible to set various mounting positions.

  When the substrate storage unit 100 is attached, the surface of the attachment plate 581 (the surface on which the protrusion 584 is not provided) and the first attachment surface or the second attachment surface of the substrate storage unit 100 are arranged so as to overlap each other. Then, a set screw 118 (fixing member) is inserted from the arc hole portion 582 and the center hole portion 583 located at the center of the arc, and the substrate storage portion 100 is fixed by screwing. When screwing, the substrate storage portion 100 can rotate around the center hole 583 on the surface of the mounting plate 581, and is oriented with the normal of the surface of the mounting plate 581 of the substrate storage portion 100 as the rotation axis. Is adjusted. At this time, since the substrate storage unit 100, the optical unit 200, and the combiner 400 rotate integrally around the center hole 583, the driver can visually recognize an image (virtual image) displayed on the combiner 400. Thus, the mounting angle with the normal of the surface of the mounting plate 581 as the rotation axis can be adjusted. Note that the central angle of the arc of the arc hole portion 582 is determined to be an angle in a range sufficient to adjust the image (virtual image) displayed on the combiner 400 to a position where the driver can visually recognize the arc. Further, it is more preferable that the central angle of the arc of the arc hole portion 582 is determined to be an angle in a range where the combiner 400 does not contact the windshield.

  In this embodiment, when the arc center direction of the arc hole portion 582 is the inner side and the opposite direction of the arc center direction is the outer side, in the present embodiment, the pair of arc hole portions 582 are arranged so that the inner sides thereof face each other. Depending on the position of the substrate storage unit 100 that is fastened with a set screw, the outer sides of the substrate storage unit 100 may be arranged to face each other.

  FIG. 22 shows the head-up display 10 attached to the room mirror 600. The gripping portion 590 of the mounting member 500 grips the upper and lower ends of the rearview mirror 600 from the rear surface of the rearview mirror 600 (here, the surface without the mirror) at two locations, and the mounting plate 581 holds the protrusion 584 of the gripping portion 590. By fitting into the position adjustment groove 594 formed in the upper gripping mechanism portion 592, the position adjustment groove 594 can be attached so that the position in the longitudinal direction, mainly the mirror surface of the room mirror 600, can be adjusted. In addition, the mounting plate 581 fixes the angle with the normal line of the surface of the mounting plate 581 of the substrate storage unit 100 as the rotation axis being adjustable.

Next, the relationship between the position of the room mirror 600 and the position of the combiner 400 will be described with reference to FIG. In the following description, it is assumed that the longitudinal direction of the room mirror 600 is parallel to the horizontal plane and the mirror surface is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. A line passing through the center of the room mirror 600 in the vertical direction and parallel to the horizontal direction of the room mirror 600 is referred to as a room mirror center line 605. A line passing through the center of the combiner 400 in the vertical direction and parallel to the horizontal direction of the combiner 400 is referred to as a combiner center line 403.
In the present embodiment, the observation angle of the combiner 400 can be adjusted, and as the observation angle of the combiner 400 is adjusted, the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the room mirror 600 also changes. Come. In other words, the relative height between the combiner 400 and the room mirror 600 is the difference between the height of the combiner center line 403 and the height of the room mirror center line 605. For example, when the combiner center line 403 is at a position higher than the room mirror center line 605, it can be said that the combiner 400 is at a position relatively higher than the room mirror 600.
Moreover, it is preferable to satisfy | fill the positional conditions of the combiner 400 demonstrated below with all the positions of the combiner 400 in a use condition (state which projects an image and a user can visually recognize the image). That is, it is preferable to satisfy all the observation angles that the combiner 400 can take, but at least when the average height is within the height relative to the height of the room mirror 600 that the combiner 400 can take. If it is, sufficient effect can be exhibited. For example, when the combiner 400 can adjust the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the room mirror 600 from a position 5 cm higher than the room mirror center line 605 to a position 5 cm lower than the room mirror center line 605, It may be satisfied when the room mirror center line 605 is at the same height.
Further, when the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the rearview mirror 600 can be fixed so as not to be adjusted by screwing or the like, that is, the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 of the vehicle. Accordingly, when the combiner 400 is configured such that the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the room mirror 600 is fixed (the height is uniquely determined), the combiner described below at the fixed position. It is only necessary to satisfy 400 position conditions.
As shown in FIG. 22, the room mirror 600 has a length L in the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction) and a height H in the vertical direction.

  First, a preferable position condition of the combiner 400 will be described. In the present embodiment, the upper end 402 of the combiner 400 in the use state is above the room mirror center line 605 of the room mirror 600, and the lower end 606 of the combiner 400 is below the room mirror center line 605 of the room mirror 600. It is configured as follows. The head-up display 10 is mounted on the rearview mirror 600 and the combiner 400 is mounted in such a position, so that the head-up display 10 is placed at an optimal position with little viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. Can be installed.

  Furthermore, you may comprise so that the combiner centerline 403 and the room mirror centerline 605 of the combiner 400 in use condition may become substantially the same height. The head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 and the mounting structure is such that the combiner 400 is in such a position, so that the head-up display 10 can be moved to an optimal position with less viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. Can be installed.

  When the vertical height of the combiner 400 is greater than the vertical height H of the room mirror 600, the upper end 402 of the combiner 400 in the use state is above the upper end 604 of the room mirror 600. The lower end 606 of the combiner 400 may be configured to be lower than the lower end 606 of the room mirror 600. The head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 and the mounting structure is such that the combiner 400 is in such a position, so that the head-up display 10 can be moved to an optimal position with less viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. Can be installed.

  Although the position as in the present embodiment is optimal, at least the upper end 402 of the combiner 400 in the use state is above the lower end 606 of the room mirror 600 or the lower end 606 of the combiner 400 is at the room mirror 600. The head-up display 10 can be installed at a suitable position where there is little viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. In the present embodiment, the state in which the combiner 400 is on the side of the room mirror 600 satisfies the condition that can achieve the above-described effect, and the horizontal position of the combiner 400 is displayed from the seat of the vehicle. Any position can be used as long as it is visible. That is, the display image projected on the combiner 400 need not be blocked by the room mirror 600.

  In addition to the above-described position conditions, the horizontal position of the combiner 400 may be arranged in a range from the horizontal end (side end) of the rearview mirror 600 to the length L of the rearview mirror 600. The room mirror 600 and the combiner 400 are not too far apart, and the viewpoint movement is further reduced, which is more preferable.

  FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the set screw 118 when the first mounting surface 115 of the substrate storage unit 100 is mounted so as to contact the mounting plate 581, and FIG. 24 is the second mounting surface of the substrate storage unit 100. 11 is a cross-sectional view of a set screw 118 portion when 117 is attached so as to be in contact with the attachment plate 581. FIG. In general, the gap between the upper side of the rearview mirror 600 and the ceiling is very narrow, so that the set screw 118 is lower regardless of whether the first mounting surface 115 is in contact with the mounting plate 581 or the second mounting surface 117 is in contact with the mounting plate 581. Only tighten from. In addition, since the board housing portion 100 is also designed to be as thin as possible, there is a through hole at the fixing position of the circuit board 111 with the set screw 118, which enables fixing with a longer screw. The first mounting surface 115 is formed with an insert nut 116 which is a fixing member engaging portion extending to the second mounting surface 117, and a through hole is formed at a corresponding position of the second mounting surface 117. 118 is engaged and fixed to the same insert nut 116 regardless of whether the first mounting surface 115 contacts the mounting plate 581 or the second mounting surface 117 contacts the mounting plate 581. Therefore, the board storage unit 100 can be installed even in a narrow area between the vehicle rearview mirror 600 and the ceiling. Therefore, in the head-up display 10 of the present embodiment, the position and angle can be adjusted in a space-saving manner.

  FIG. 25 shows a mounting plate 571 that is a modification of the mounting plate 581. The mounting plate 571 has a pair of linear straight hole portions 572 that extend in the same direction and is used when the substrate storage unit 100 is attached. The mounting plate 571 has a first mounting surface 115 and a second mounting surface 117 of the substrate storage unit 100. Regardless of which attachment surface and the attachment surface of the attachment plate 571 are opposed to each other, the set screw 118 is passed through and fixed to both the straight hole portions 572. In the mounting plate 571, when the board storage unit 100 is mounted, the mounting positions in the longitudinal direction of both the pair of straight hole parts 572 are changed and attached, whereby the longitudinal direction of the straight hole part 572 of the substrate storage part 100 is concerned. The position can be adjusted. Here, the width of each hole of the straight hole portion 572 is formed to be sufficiently larger than the screw diameter of the set screw 118, so that the mounting position in one longitudinal direction of the pair of straight hole portions 572 can be determined. By changing the direction, the orientation with the normal of the surface of the mounting plate 581 of the substrate storage unit 100 as the rotation axis is adjusted. The length and width of the straight hole 572 are determined in a range where the combiner 400 does not contact the windshield.

As described above, in the mounting plate 581 described above, a pair of arc-shaped long holes is used. However, as in the case of the mounting plate 571 of this modification, the direction of the substrate storage portion 100 is also set as a pair of straight holes. It can be adjusted freely.
In addition, although the form demonstrated using FIGS. 20-25 showed about the example in which the board | substrate storage part 100 and the optical unit 200 were each comprised as a different body, even if these are comprised integrally. Can be applied. In the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 20 to 25, the number of the position adjustment grooves 594 is two. However, one or more grooves may be used as long as they have a position adjustment function.

[Combiner storage]
FIG. 26 and FIG. 27 are a side view and a front view showing a state where the combiner 400 is placed at the storage position by the storage hinge 472, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the combiner 400 is opposed to the housing surface of the optical unit 200, that is, the housing surface of the optical unit main body 210 by the storage hinge 472 that is a rotating portion of the combiner 400. It is rotated and stored so as to be stacked. Here, the projection unit 300 is on the opposite side of the housing surface from the side on which the combiner 400 is attached, and the length to the lower end 404 that is the end of the combiner 400 farthest from the rotation center of the storage hinge 472 is: The lower end 404 is shorter than the length of the optical unit main body 210 and is closer to the storage hinge 472 than the projection unit 300. Further, the height of the optical unit main body 210 from the housing surface is lower than the height of the projection unit 300 from the housing surface. Therefore, when the head-up display 10 is not used, the combiner 400 is stored by the storage hinge 472 so that the driver does not feel pressure more than when the combiner 400 is used (from when the combiner 400 is used). Can also be placed at a position where it is difficult to enter the driver's field of view. Moreover, since the sunlight can be blocked by the vehicle ceiling and the optical unit main body 210 by being rotated and stored by the storage hinge 472, the combiner 400 can be prevented from being deteriorated. Further, since the storage hinge 472 stops at the angle at which the combiner 400 is used, the driver repositions even when the combiner 400 is rotated by the storage hinge 472 and then used again. Use can be started without adjusting. Here, a transparent rubber 406 may be attached to the corner of the combiner 400 on the lower end 404 side. Even when the combiner 400 is stored by the storage hinge 472 by pinching the rubber 406, it is possible to prevent dirt or the like from adhering to the combiner 400. Since the rubber 406 is transparent, it hardly obstructs the driver's view.

  In addition, although it decided to attach from the back surface side of the room mirror 600, it is good also as attaching to the support | pillar of the room mirror 600, and attaching from the front side which is the mirror surface 602. In this case, an alternative mirror may be arranged on the surface of the vehicle display device at a position corresponding to the mirror surface 602.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, the room mirror 600 may be a mirror used for confirming the rear side of the vehicle, and the position of the mirror in the vehicle is not limited. The head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600, but may be used on the dashboard. Further, a display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device may be disposed at the position of the combiner 400 to form a vehicle display device.

  Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment, although demonstrated as a vehicle display apparatus arrange | positioned at a vehicle, the image display apparatus used for another use may be sufficient. For example, a virtual surface may be presented to the user by using a lens surface such as glasses worn by the user as a combiner and projecting image display light onto the combiner.

  10 head-up display, 301 projection port, 320 projection axis, 322 projection position, 340 gaze direction, 400 combiner, 410 reflecting surface, 422 vertex position, 431 first curve, 432 second curve, 450 virtual image.

Claims (5)

A projection port for projecting image display light generated based on the image signal;
A combiner that reflects the image display light projected from the projection port and presents a virtual image;
With
The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the combiner has a smaller curvature in the specific direction as the distance from the projection port becomes longer in a specific direction along the reflecting surface of the combiner.   The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the combiner has a biconic surface as the reflection surface. The line-of-sight direction in which a virtual image is visually recognized through the combiner is the z-axis direction, the direction orthogonal to the z-axis direction is the x-axis direction, and the z-axis direction and the direction orthogonal to the x-axis direction are the y-axis direction. In case,
The combiner is
A projection position where a projection axis of the image display light projected from the projection port and the reflection surface intersect;
An apex position where the curvature in the x-axis direction and the curvature in the y-axis direction of the biconic surface constituting the reflecting surface are both maximized;
The image display device according to claim 2, wherein are provided at different positions.   4. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein the combiner has a different projection position on the reflection surface and a vertex position on the reflection surface in the y-axis direction. The combiner is
The intersection line between the biconic surface and the xz plane constituting the reflection surface is an elliptical line,
5. The image display device according to claim 3, wherein an intersection line between the biconic surface and the yz plane constituting the reflecting surface is a hyperbola.

Images