JP2014015995A - Fastener, fastening structure, and automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fastener and a fastening structure that suitably fasten a plurality of fastened members and provide suitable exterior appearance, and to provide an automobile having suitable exterior appearance.SOLUTION: A fastener 10 has a first fastening part 20 and a second fastening part 40. The first fastening part 20 has a cylindrical part 22 and a first head part 26. The cylindrical part 22 is cylindrical having a hollow part 24, and inserted into a through hole 82 penetrating a second fastened part 80. The first head part 26 is joined to a second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70 in a fastening state. The second fastening part 40 has a shaft part 42 and a second head part 46. The shaft part 42 is inserted into the hollow part 24 of the cylindrical part 22. The second head part 46 has an external diameter φ4 larger than an external diameter φ5 of the shaft part 42, and the cylindrical part 22 is cut into a plurality of cylindrical pieces 28, which are deformed to the side of a second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80.

Description

  The present invention relates to a fastener for fastening a plurality of members to be fastened, a fastening structure using the fastener, and an automobile having a fastening structure.

  Conventionally, the proposal regarding the fastening of several to-be-fastened members is made (for example, refer patent document 1). Specifically, in Patent Document 1, as a joint that can be reliably joined with a good appearance, a main body in which a check claw is formed on the outer surface and a wedge press-fit portion is formed in the center, and a wedge press-fit portion of the main body are press-fitted. A connector having a wedge for expanding the main body is disclosed. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of attaching a ventilation louver to an opening of a door using this connector. In this method, first, the upper end of the main body is fixed to the ventilation louver, and the front end of the wedge is inserted into the wedge press-fit portion from below the main body. A concave portion having an inner diameter into which the main body can be fitted into the door and having a depth substantially equal to the total height of the main body is formed. Further, the main body and the wedge are pushed into the recess from a predetermined direction. As a result, the wedge is press-fitted into the wedge press-fitting portion and pushes the main body, so that the check claw is hooked on the inner peripheral surface.

  The applicant has also proposed a resin rivet for fastening a plurality of members to be fastened (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-89932 JP 2006-118672 A

  When manufacturing (producing) vehicles such as automobiles, ships, railroads, and airplanes, an adhesive may be used for the assembly. However, the adhesive has a low adhesive strength until it is completely dry. After bonding, heat may be applied to dry the adhesive. In such a case, the material may be deformed due to a temperature change or the like for drying the adhesive. At that time, the bonded structure in which the fastened members are bonded to each other needs to withstand a shear load generated due to deformation due to a temperature change or the like. Each material of the plurality of fastened members to be assembled may be different materials. In the case of dissimilar materials, the aforementioned shear load may become larger. Therefore, in the assembly using the adhesive, the members to be fastened are preferably fastened and temporarily fixed until the adhesive is completely dried. As a result, suitable assembly can be realized.

  In the case of manufacturing a vehicle such as an automobile, it is considered that the temporary fixing as described above should satisfy the following conditions. First, the appearance of a vehicle such as an automobile is emphasized. Therefore, it is preferable that the temporarily fixed portion does not appear on the appearance of an automobile or the like and is not visually recognized from the surface. A commonly used fastener is, for example, a blind rivet. The blind rivet is characterized in that a plurality of fastened members can be fastened from one side of one fastened member. However, since the rivet body protrudes from the surface of the fastened member in a fastened state in which a plurality of fastened members are fastened, the appearance of the appearance may deteriorate. Further, in the fastening with the blind rivet, there may be a problem that the airtightness cannot be maintained in the portion where the plurality of fastened members are fastened.

  Next, the load required at the time of fastening for temporary fixing may be a low load. For example, spot welding is used in an assembly line of a current automobile or the like. If an existing configuration such as a welding gun for spot welding can be used for fastening for temporary fixing, it is not necessary to add new equipment or the like. That is, it is possible to perform fastening for temporary fixing using existing equipment. Therefore, the load required for fastening for temporary fixing is preferably equal to or less than the pressure load that can be generated by an existing configuration such as a welding gun. When the load required for fastening is high, the surface is recessed during fastening and the appearance is impaired. In addition, the equipment required for fastening is increased in size, and expensive capital investment is required. In addition, the conditions regarding the appearance and the low load as described above are not limited to temporary fixing with an adhesive, but are also satisfied when a plurality of members to be fastened with various products in addition to a vehicle such as an automobile. I think it would be good.

  The present invention provides a fastener and a fastening structure that can suitably fasten a plurality of members to be fastened and realize a suitable appearance in a fastening state in which the plurality of members to be fastened are fastened. The purpose is to provide cars.

  One aspect of the present invention has a first fastening portion and a second fastening portion, and is a fastener for fastening a first fastened member and a second fastened member that overlaps the first fastened member. The first fastening portion has a cylindrical shape in which a hollow portion is formed, and penetrates the second fastened member in the overlapping direction in which the first fastened member and the second fastened member overlap. The first portion facing the first surface of the second fastened member in the fastened state in which the cylindrical portion inserted through the through hole, the first fastened member, and the second fastened member are fastened. A first head joined to the second surface of the member to be fastened, and the second fastening portion includes a shaft portion inserted into the hollow portion of the tubular portion, and an outer diameter of the shaft portion. It has a large outer diameter, is disposed in the opening of the cylindrical part, cuts the cylindrical part in the circumferential direction and divides it into a plurality of cylindrical part pieces, and In the state, each of the cylindrical part pieces is connected to the second surface of the second fastening member so that the cylindrical part piece contacts the second surface opposite to the first surface of the second fastening member. And a second head for deforming to the side.

  According to this, a cylindrical part is cut | disconnected and divided | segmented into a cylindrical part piece, the several cylindrical part piece divided | segmented is deformed to the 2nd surface side of a 2nd to-be-fastened member, and a cylindrical part piece However, it can come into contact with the second surface of the second member to be fastened. Therefore, in the fastening state by this fastener, the second fastened member can be pressed toward the first fastened member, and a suitable fastened state can be obtained. In the fastened state, the fastener is covered with the first fastened member, so that it is not visually recognized and can have a suitable appearance. The configuration of cutting, dividing, and deforming the tubular portion can be realized by inserting the shaft portion into the hollow portion of the tubular portion and relatively moving the second fastening portion toward the first fastening portion. it can. For example, by pressing the first member to be fastened from the side opposite to the second surface of the first member to be fastened to which the first fastening portion is joined (the first surface of the first member to be fastened). Can be realized. Moreover, the cutting / dividing of the cylindrical part and the deformation of the cylindrical part can be suitably performed with a low load.

  This fastener may be as follows. The outer diameter of the first head may be larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion. According to this, it is possible to increase the joining area of the first head joined to the second surface of the first fastened member, and the first fastening part and the first fastened performed through the first head. The strength of joining with the fastening member can be increased.

  The outer diameter of the first head is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the first head is in contact with the first surface of the second fastened member in the fastened state. Also good. According to this, in the fastening state, the through hole of the second fastened member is covered with the first head, and the through hole can be sealed. As a result, it is possible to ensure airtightness in the through hole portion.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, a first fastened member and a second fastened member that overlaps the first fastened member have a cylindrical shape with a hollow portion, and the first fastened member A first fastening portion having a cylindrical portion inserted through a through-hole penetrating the second fastened member in the overlapping direction in which the second fastened member and the second fastened member overlap, and the tubular shape A shaft portion that is inserted into the hollow portion of the portion, and has an outer diameter larger than an outer diameter of the shaft portion, and is disposed in an opening portion of the tubular portion, and the tubular portion is cut in a circumferential direction to form a plurality of A second fastening portion that is divided into tubular pieces and has a second head for deforming each of the tubular pieces to the second surface side of the second fastened member. A fastening structure fastened by a fastener, wherein the first head is opposed to a first surface opposite to a second surface of the second fastened member. Joined to the second surface of the first member to be fastened, the cylindrical pieces are respectively deformed to the second surface side of the second member to be fastened, and are in contact with the second surface of the second member to be fastened. It is a fastening structure.

  This fastening structure may be as follows. The outer diameter of the first head may be larger than the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion.

  The outer diameter of the first head may be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, and the first head may be in contact with the first surface of the second fastened member. In such a fastening structure, the portion of the second fastened member, which is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole, is in the state where the first head is in contact with the first surface of the second fastened member. You may make it deform | transform into the head side.

  Each fastening structure as described above is realized by any of the fasteners described above. Therefore, it can be set as the fastening structure which has the advantageous effect obtained by each fastener mentioned above. The cylindrical piece deformed to the second surface side of the second fastened member is pushed to the second head side by the second fastened member deformed to the second head side, and this pushed state By the reaction force from the cylindrical part piece (elastic force of the cylindrical part piece), a fastening structure in a fastening state in which the first fastened member and the second fastened member are brought into close contact with each other can be obtained. The portion of the second fastened member, which is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole, is pressed against the first head by the reaction force of the cylindrical piece, so that the airtightness in the through hole portion can be further improved. .

  Still another aspect of the present invention is an automobile having any one of the fastening structures described above. According to this, the fastening structure does not appear in the appearance of the automobile, and the automobile can have a suitable appearance.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a fastener and a fastening structure that can suitably fasten a plurality of members to be fastened and realize a suitable appearance in a fastening state in which the plurality of members to be fastened are fastened. Thus, an automobile having a suitable appearance can be obtained.

It is sectional drawing explaining an example of a fastener. It is a figure explaining a 1st head. It is sectional drawing explaining an example of the state by which the 2nd fastening part was fixed to the 1st fastening part. (A) is sectional drawing explaining the 1st process of a fastening method. (B) is sectional drawing explaining the 2nd process of the fastening method. (A) is sectional drawing explaining the 3rd process of a fastening method. (B) is sectional drawing explaining the 4th process of a fastening method, and the fastening structure by a fastener. (A) is sectional drawing explaining another fastener. (B) is sectional drawing explaining the fastening state and fastening structure by the other fastener shown to FIG. 6 (A). (A) is a figure explaining the 2nd fastening part in which the bottom part of the 2nd head contains a 2nd convex surface. (B) is a figure explaining the 2nd fastening part in which the bottom part of the 2nd head contains a plane. (A) is a half cross-sectional view illustrating another first fastening portion. (B) is a half cross-sectional view illustrating still another first fastening portion. It is a figure explaining the fastening method using a load receiving jig. (A) is a figure explaining the 2nd fastening part which has the axial part in which the groove part was formed. (B) is a figure explaining the 2nd fastening part which has a shaft part in which the standing part was formed.

  Embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, a common arrow indicating a direction or the like is described so that the correspondence of the orientations of the components illustrated in the drawings becomes clear. The present invention is not limited to the configurations described below, and various configurations can be employed in the same technical idea. For example, some of the configurations shown below may be omitted or replaced with other configurations. Other configurations may be included.

<Fastener>
The fastener 10 will be described with reference to FIG. The hatching shown in FIG. 1 shows a cross section (the same applies to other drawings). For example, the fastener 10 fastens a first fastened member 70 and a second fastened member 80 as shown in FIG. The fastener 10 is made of, for example, a non-ferrous metal such as an aluminum (aluminum alloy) material or titanium (titanium alloy), or a steel material. Which material is used for the fastener 10 may be appropriately determined in consideration of the materials of the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80. The first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are, for example, a non-ferrous metal such as an aluminum (aluminum alloy) material or titanium (titanium alloy), or a metal material such as a steel material. The material of the first to-be-fastened member 70 and the second to-be-fastened member 80 may be a fiber reinforced resin such as GFRP or CFRP in addition to a metal material. The first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 may be different materials. Examples of the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 made of such a material include thin plates that form various vehicles, for example, automobiles. When assembling the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80, for example, an adhesive is used. In the assembly by the adhesive, the fastener 10 is used for temporary fixing until the adhesive is dried and cured. That is, the fastener 10 has the first to-be-fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 70 in a state where the applied adhesive is uncured and the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are not sufficiently fixed. It is used to fasten and temporarily fix the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 against the force acting on the second fastened member 80. The force acting on the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 is, for example, a shear load. The shear load is generated with deformation due to a temperature change caused by heat for drying the adhesive. In addition, after the adhesive is dried and hardened, the fastener 10 remains in the automobile or the like while the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are fastened without being removed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the fastener 10 includes a first fastening portion 20 and a second fastening portion 40. Regarding the first fastening part 20 and the second fastening part 40, the second fastening part 40 may have higher hardness than the first fastening part 20. It becomes possible to perform the cutting etc. which are mentioned later suitably. For example, the first fastening part 20 may be formed of an aluminum material, and the second fastening part 40 may be formed of a steel material. The first fastening portion 20 has a cylindrical portion 22 and a first head portion 26. The cylindrical portion 22 has a cylindrical shape in which a hollow portion 24 having an inner diameter φ1 is formed inside a peripheral wall (side wall). As will be described later, in the first fastening portion 20 in a state where the predetermined range on the second side of the cylindrical portion 22 is not plastically deformed, the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 22 is constant at the outer diameter φ2. The peripheral wall of the cylindrical part 22 is constant thickness. The cylindrical portion 22 is inserted into a through hole 82 that penetrates the second fastened member 80. The through hole 82 is formed in the overlapping direction. The overlapping direction is a direction in which the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 overlap in the fastened state in which the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are fastened.

  The first head portion 26 is formed integrally with the tubular portion 22 on the first side of the tubular portion 22. The first fastening portion 20 is closed by the first head portion 26 on the first side of the tubular portion 22 and opened on the second side of the tubular portion 22. In the portion of the first head portion 26 that closes the hollow portion 24, a hole or the like penetrating this portion is not formed. The first fastening portion 20 is joined to the first fastened member 70. This joining is performed by joining the first head portion 26 to the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70. The outer diameter φ3 of the first head portion 26 is larger than the outer diameter φ2 of the cylindrical portion 22. The outer diameter φ3 of the first head portion 26 is larger than the inner diameter φ6 of the through hole 82. As shown in FIG. 2, a protrusion 30 is formed on the first head 26. The protrusion 30 is formed at the center of the surface of the first head 26 that faces the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70. The surface of the first head portion 26 facing the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70 is, for example, a flat surface having no irregularities, except for the portion where the protrusions 30 are formed (see FIG. 2). ). The shape of the protrusion 30 is appropriately determined under various conditions. For example, the protrusion 30 is tapered with the surface of the first head portion 26 as a base end (see FIG. 2). The other description regarding the protrusion part 30 is mentioned later.

  The second fastening part 40 has a shaft part 42 and a second head part 46. The axial part 42 has an outer peripheral surface without unevenness. The shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24 from the opening of the tubular portion 22 on the second side of the tubular portion 22. With the shaft portion 42 inserted into the hollow portion 24, the predetermined range on the second side of the tubular portion 22 is plastically deformed so that the tubular portion 22 and the shaft portion 42 are in a pressed state. For example, the predetermined range on the second side of the cylindrical portion 22 is plastically deformed so that the outer diameter φ2 and the inner diameter φ1 are reduced. Such plastic deformation is performed by rolling, for example. At this time, a load on the second side of the cylindrical portion 22 in which the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24 is loaded from the outer circumference to the axis L side through a predetermined die or the like. Is granted. The predetermined range on the second side of the cylindrical portion 22 includes a range in the axial direction in which the shaft portion 42 exists in a state where the shaft portion 42 is inserted. The axial direction is the direction of the axial center L indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the axial direction coincides with the superimposing direction.

  In a predetermined range on the second side of the plastically deformed cylindrical portion 22, the outer diameter φ2 of the cylindrical portion 22 becomes an outer diameter φ2 ′ (outer diameter φ2> outer diameter φ2 ′) as shown in FIG. . Further, in the above-described range in which plastic deformation is performed, the inner diameter φ1 of the cylindrical portion 22 is the inner diameter φ1 ′ (the inner diameter φ1> the inner diameter φ1 ′). The inner diameter φ1 ′ is the same size as the outer diameter φ5 of the shaft portion. The second fastening part 40 is fixed to the first fastening part 20 by the cylindrical part 22 and the shaft part 42 being pressed. In the fastener 10 in the state shown in FIG. 1, the second fastening portion 40 can be prevented from falling off from the first fastening portion 20. You may make it perform the process for carrying out plastic deformation of the predetermined range of the 2nd side of the cylindrical part 22 by the method different from rolling as mentioned above. Alternatively, the outer diameter φ5 of the shaft portion 42 may be made larger than the inner diameter φ1 of the cylindrical portion 22 by a predetermined amount so that the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24 in a press-fit state. 1 shows a state in which the inner diameter φ1 of the cylindrical portion 22 and the outer diameter φ5 of the shaft portion 42 are the same, and the inner diameter φ1 and the outer diameter φ2 of the cylindrical portion 22 are constant (details as shown in FIG. 3). (The state in which the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24 is the same in the drawings).

  The second head portion 46 is formed integrally with the shaft portion 42 on the second side of the shaft portion 42. The second head portion 46 has a tapered shape whose diameter increases from the shaft portion 42 side toward the bottom portion 52 side. The bottom 52 forms the second side of the second head 46. Therefore, the outer diameter (maximum diameter) φ4 of the second head portion 46 is larger than the outer diameter φ5 of the shaft portion 42. Further, the outer diameter φ4 of the second head portion 46 is set to be equal to or larger than the outer diameter φ2 of the cylindrical portion 22. As shown in FIG. 1, the second head portion 46 has a plurality of blade portions 48 and a plurality of curl forming portions 50. The blade portions 48 and the curl forming portions 50 are the same number, and in the second head 46, the blade portions 48 and the curl forming portions 50 are alternately repeated at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction in a tapered inclined region. Provided. Specifically, the plurality of blade portions 48 are equally arranged in the tapered inclined region at regular intervals in the circumferential direction, and the inclined region between the adjacent blade portions 48, 48 is connected to the curl forming portion 50. Become.

  The blade part 48 cut | disconnects the cylindrical part 22 which opposes. That is, the cylindrical portion 22 is cut in the circumferential direction by the plurality of blade portions 48, and the same number of cylindrical portion pieces 28 as the number of the blade portions 48 (FIGS. 4B, 5A, and 5B). Reference). The curl forming part 50 is a forming part for deforming each of the divided cylindrical part pieces 28 to the second surface 802 side of the second fastened member 80. The cutting / dividing by the blade part 48 and the deformation by the curl forming part 50 will be described later. The bottom 52 includes a first convex surface 522 and an annular surface 524. The first convex surface 522 and the annular surface 524 form the bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40. Based on FIG. 1, the bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40 is a second-side surface of the second fastening portion 40. The first convex surface 522 is a surface that forms the central portion of the bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40. The first convex surface 522 is a spherical or aspheric curved surface. The annular surface 524 is an annular flat surface formed on the outer periphery of the first convex surface 522 on the bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40. In the fastening method to be described later, the first convex surface 522 of the bottom portion 52 is in contact with the flat bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90 (for example, FIGS. 4A and 4B and FIGS. 5A and 5B). reference).

<Fastening method and fastening structure>
The fastening method for fastening the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 using the fastener 10 and the fastening structure after fastened by this fastening method are shown in FIGS. Will be described with reference to FIG. The fastening method is performed using a predetermined device. In the fastening method, the following preparation process is performed prior to the first process shown in FIG. That is, the first fastening portion 20 and the first fastened member 70 are joined by a predetermined method in a state where the first head 26 is in contact with the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70. For example, when the first fastening portion 20 and the first fastened member 70 are both an aluminum material, both a titanium material, and both a steel material, they are joined by a welding method such as arc welding. In the case of joining by welding such as arc welding, the protrusion 30 is melted and solidified. The 1st fastening part 20 and the 1st to-be-fastened member 70 are good to form with the same kind of metal material. Thereby, the 1st to-be-fastened member 70 and the 1st fastening part 20 can be joined suitably. Arc welding is performed on the fastener 10 (see FIG. 1) in which the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24 and the second fastening portion 40 is fixed to the first fastening portion 20 in advance as described above. . Note that arc welding may be performed on the first fastening portion 20 before the second fastening portion 40 is fixed. In this case, after joining the 1st fastening part 20 to the 1st to-be-fastened member 70, the axial part 42 is inserted in the hollow part 24, the predetermined range of the 2nd side of the cylindrical part 22 is plastically deformed, etc. The state is as shown in FIG. The order in which the second fastening portion 40 is fixed to the first fastening portion 20 and the first fastening portion 20 is joined to the first fastened member 70 may be appropriately determined in consideration of various conditions. For example, the shape of the first fastened member 70 is considered.

  Sputtering may occur when arc welding is performed. When the generated spatter enters the hollow portion 24, smooth insertion of the shaft portion 42 may be hindered. In this regard, the first fastening portion 20 is closed on the first side of the tubular portion 22. Therefore, even if spatter occurs, it is possible to prevent the spatter that has been scattered from entering the hollow portion 24. Therefore, the shaft part 42 can be inserted smoothly. When the shaft part 42 is the fastener 10 in which the first fastening part 20 and the second fastening part 40 are fixed in advance, the shaft part 42 is inserted into the hollow part 24, and the spattering into the hollow part 24 is more preferably prevented. Can do. You may make it join the 1st fastening part 20 and the 1st to-be-fastened member 70 by methods other than the welding method different from arc welding, or welding. The protrusion 30 may be appropriately omitted or the shape thereof may be changed according to the joining method employed. The position where the protrusion 30 is formed in the first head 26 may also be changed as appropriate.

  In the preparation step, a concave load receiving member 90 having a flat bottom surface 904 is joined to the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80. The load receiving member 90 is joined to the second surface 802 of the second member to be fastened 80 in a positional relationship such that the through hole 82 and the bottom surface 904 are overlapped. For example, the load receiving member 90 is joined to the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80 in a positional relationship in which the central portion of the bottom surface 904 is disposed below the through hole 82. The second fastened member 80 and the load receiving member 90 can be joined by various methods. For example, you may join by an adhesive agent or you may join by welding. The load receiving member 90 is made of the same material as the first fastened member 70 and / or the second fastened member 80, for example. When joining is by welding, if the second fastened member 80 and the load receiving member 90 are of the same type of material, welding can be suitably performed.

  When the preparation process is completed, the fastening method is specifically started, and the first process is performed. In the first step, as shown in FIG. 4A, the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70 and the first surface 801 of the second fastened member 80 are made to face each other. Then, the cylindrical portion 22 is inserted into the through hole 82, and the first convex surface 522 of the bottom portion 52 of the second head 46 is brought into contact with the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90. The load receiving member 90 is supported on a second side in the overlapping direction by a predetermined configuration (not shown) included in a predetermined device for a fastening method.

  Following the first step, the second step is performed. In the second step, as shown in FIG. 4B, the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are approached by a predetermined device for the fastening method. The first fastened member 70 and / or the load receiving member 90 are pressed with a predetermined load so that the second surface 702 of the fastening member 70 and the first surface 801 of the second fastened member 80 approach each other. . For example, the first fastened member 70 is pressed with a predetermined load from the first surface 701 side of the first fastened member 70 toward the second fastened member 80 side. In the present embodiment, the first fastened member 70 is pressed with a predetermined load from the first surface 701 side of the first fastened member 70 toward the second fastened member 80 side. However, the load receiving member 90 may be pressed toward the first fastened member 70 with a predetermined load.

  The first fastening part 20 joined to the first fastened member 70 is moved in the load direction together with the first fastened member 70 by the pressing. In other words, the second fastening portion 40 that is in contact with the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90 and whose movement in the load direction is restricted by the bottom surface 904 moves relative to the first fastening portion 20 in the anti-load direction. . The first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 approach each other. The load direction is a direction from the first side to the second side (a direction from the first fastened member 70 to the second fastened member 80 side) in the overlapping direction (axial direction). The counter load direction is a direction from the second side toward the first side (direction from the second fastened member 80 to the first fastened member 70 side) in the overlapping direction (axial direction). Along with the relative movement of the second fastening portion 40, the plurality of blade portions 48 cut and divide the second side of the opposing cylindrical portion 22 in the overlapping direction. As a result, the same number of cylindrical pieces 28 as the number of strip-shaped blade portions 48 are formed on the second side of the cylindrical portion 22. Each of the cylindrical pieces 28 is deformed along each of the plurality of curl forming portions 50 with the continued relative movement of the second fastening portion 40.

  When the second process is started and the pressing in the load direction is continued as it is, the second process shifts to the third process. 5A and 5B, the block-shaped arrow indicating “press” in FIG. 4B is not shown. In the third step, as shown in FIG. 5A, the relative movement of the second fastening portion 40 is further continued, and the tubular portion 22 is further cut. Along with this, each of the cylindrical part pieces 28 exceeds the curl forming part 50 and comes into contact with the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90. And each cylindrical part 28 spreads in the direction perpendicular | vertical to the axial direction which corresponds to a superimposition direction, and deform | transforms into an arch shape gradually. Further, each of the tubular pieces 28 is deformed to the second surface 802 side of the second fastened member 80. That is, in the third step, each of the plurality of cylindrical pieces 28 has a shape curled on the second surface 802 side of the second fastened member 80 as shown in FIG. In such a state, each of the predetermined portions on the distal end side of the cylindrical piece 28 is in contact with the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80 as shown in FIG. The first head 26 having an outer diameter φ3 (see FIG. 1) larger than the inner diameter φ6 (see FIG. 1) of the through-hole 82 is on the first surface 801 side of the second fastened member 80, and the through-hole 82. Is in contact with a portion of the second fastened member 80 which is the outer peripheral portion.

  After the fastener 10 is in the state shown in FIG. 5 (A), when the pressing in the load direction is continuously continued as it is, the third step shifts to the fourth step. The fourth step is the final step of the fastening method. In the fourth step, as shown in FIG. 5 (B), the second fastening portion 40 is further moved relative to the load by pressing in the load direction, and accordingly, the tubular portion 22 is further cut and divided, and Deform. The cutting, splitting, deformation, and the like of the cylindrical portion 22 in the fourth step are performed in the same manner as in the third step. Therefore, the description regarding this is abbreviate | omitted. In the fourth step, on the first surface 801 side of the second fastened member 80, the first head 26 that is in contact with the portion of the second fastened member 80 that is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole 82 is loaded in the load direction. It moves in the load direction by pressing. Then, the first head portion 26 deforms the portion of the second fastened member 80 that is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole 82 toward the load direction, in other words, the second head portion 46 side. At this time, the cylindrical pieces 28 deformed into a curl shape and in contact with the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80 are respectively connected to the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80 and the load receiving member. Between the bottom surface 904 of 90, it is crushed in the overlapping direction. The squeezed curled cylindrical piece 28 urges the second fastened member 80 toward the first fastened member 70 by its elastic force.

<Effect of this embodiment>
According to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

  (1) According to the fastener 10, the tubular portion 22 is cut and divided, and the tubular portion piece 28 formed thereby is deformed into a curled shape, whereby the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member are fastened. The member 80 can be suitably fastened. For example, when the fastener 10 is used as temporary fixing when the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are bonded, the fastener 10 is fastened at least until the adhesive dries. The member 70 and the second fastened member 80 are preferably temporarily fixed. In addition, although the magnitude | size of the fastener 10 changes with the board thickness etc. of the 1st to-be-fastened member 70 and the 2nd to-be-fastened member 80 used as fastening object, the 1st to-be-fastened member 70 and the 2nd to-be-fastened member 80 are used. However, when it is a thin plate of about several millimeters, the size of the fastener 10 is about several millimeters to several tens of millimeters in the axial direction, and the outer diameter φ3 of the first head 26 is about several millimeters. . When the fastener 10 has such a size, the cylindrical portion 22 can be easily cut, divided, and deformed with a low load.

  (2) According to the fastening method performed as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70 and the first surface 801 of the second fastened member 80 are brought into close contact with each other. A fastening structure in the fastening state is realized. In this fastening structure, the through hole 82 is covered by the first head portion 26 and the through hole 82 is sealed. At that time, the portion of the second fastened member 80 which is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole 82 is caused by the elastic force by each of the cylindrical pieces 28 acting in the anti-load direction (see FIG. 5B). It will be in the state pressed by the part 26. FIG. Therefore, the airtightness in the portion of the through hole 82 can be brought into a suitable state.

  In the second fastening portion 40, the bottom portion 52 of the second head portion 46 includes a first convex surface 522, and the center portion of the bottom surface is a curved surface. The fastening method is performed in a state where the first convex surface 522 of the bottom portion 52 is in contact with the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90. Therefore, in each step of the fastening method, pressing in the load direction is performed, and accordingly, when the second fastening portion 40 moves relative to the first fastening portion 20 in the anti-load direction, the inclination of the shaft portion 42 is increased. (The inclination of “axis L” shown in FIG. 4A) can be changed along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 22 (based on “axis L” shown in FIG. 4A). Arc-shaped double-headed arrow). Therefore, the relative movement of the second fastening portion 40 can be performed smoothly in a state where the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24.

  (3) According to the fastening structure by the fastener 10, in the fastening state, the fastener 10 is covered with a product having the fastening structure, for example, a first fastened member 70 that forms the appearance of an automobile. Therefore, the fastener 10 is not visually recognized, for example by the user of a motor vehicle. Therefore, the fastening structure by the fastener 10 can realize a car having a suitable appearance in this respect. In addition, when using the fastener 10 as temporary fixation at the time of adhere | attaching the 1st to-be-fastened member 70 and the 2nd to-be-fastened member 80, it is a predetermined timing, for example, a preparatory process of the fastening method mentioned above WHEREIN: An adhesive is applied to the second surface 702 of the fastening member 70 and / or the first surface 801 of the second fastened member 80.

<Modification>
This embodiment can also be performed as follows. Effects similar to those described above can also be obtained as appropriate by the following modifications. The following modifications may be adopted in combination as appropriate, and may be a fastener 10, a fastening structure, and / or a fastening method each having the adopted parts. In the following, description will be made using the same reference numerals as those assigned to the above-described parts (some of which are different from each other).

  (1) In the above description, the case where the outer diameter φ3 of the first head portion 26 is larger than the outer diameter φ2 of the cylindrical portion 22 has been described as an example. The outer diameter φ3 of the first head portion 26 is set to a predetermined dimension in consideration of, for example, the strength required for joining the first fastening portion 20 and the first fastened member 70. For example, it is good also as the fastener 10 which has the 1st fastening part 20 used as the 1st head part 26 'as shown to FIG. 6 (A). In the fastener 10 shown in FIG. 6A, the outer diameter φ <b> 7 of the first head portion 26 ′ is set to the same size as the outer diameter φ <b> 2 of the cylindrical portion 22. As for the first head portion 26 ′, the protrusion 30 as shown in FIG. 2 (not shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B) is the first facing the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70. It is formed at the center of the surface of the head 26 '. In addition, also about 1st head part 26 ', the protrusion part 30 is abbreviate | omitted suitably according to the joining method of the 1st fastening part 20 and the 1st to-be-fastened member 70, or it is made to change the shape. Also good. The position where the protrusion 30 is formed in the first head portion 26 ′ may be changed as appropriate.

  In the fastening structure with the fastener 10 shown in FIG. 6A, the portion of the second fastened member 80, which is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole 82, is not deformed by the first head portion 26 '. The first head portion 26 ′ is in a state of being inserted into the through hole 82 as shown in FIG. In the fastening structure shown in FIG. 6 (B), unlike the fastening structure shown in FIG. 5 (B), the outer peripheral portion of the first head portion 26 ′ is connected to the second surface 702 of the first fastened member 70 and the second surface 702. It is not sandwiched between the first surface 801 of the fastened member 80. Therefore, the second surface 702 of the first to-be-fastened member 70 and the first surface 801 of the second to-be-fastened member 80 can also contact at the portion of the second to-be-fastened member 80 that is the outer peripheral portion of the through hole 82. It becomes. Therefore, in the fastening structure shown in FIG. 6B, the depth of the concave load receiving member 90 can be made smaller than the fastening structure shown in FIG. 5B (depth D1 ( 1)> depth D2 (see FIG. 6A)), and the fastening structure can be made thinner (thickness T1 (see FIG. 5B))> thickness T2 (see FIG. 6). B)))).

  The fastening method using the fastener 10 having the first fastening portion 20 or the like that is the first head portion 26 ′ is performed in the same manner as the fastening method described above with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. Therefore, the description regarding this is abbreviate | omitted. Even in the fastener 10 having the first fastening portion 20 or the like that is the first head portion 26 ′, the tubular piece 28 is the second fastened member 80 of the second fastened member 80 as shown in FIG. The second surface 802 is deformed to contact the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80, and the second fastened member 80 is biased toward the first fastened member 70. For this reason, the second fastened member 80 is pressed by the first fastened member 70 by the elastic force of each of the cylindrical pieces 28 acting in the anti-load direction (see FIG. 6B). Therefore, the second surface 702 of the first to-be-fastened member 70 and the first surface 801 of the second to-be-fastened member 80 are brought into close contact with each other, and the airtightness at the through hole 82 portion can be brought into a suitable state. 6A corresponds to FIG. 1, and FIG. 6B corresponds to FIG. 5B.

  (2) In the above description, the bottom portion 52 includes the first convex surface 522 and the annular surface 524, and the second fastening portion 40 having the second head portion 46 and the like that is the bottom portion 52 has been described as an example. As shown in FIG. 7A, the second fastening portion 40 may be configured such that the bottom portion 52 of the second head portion 46 includes a second convex surface 526. The second convex surface 526 forms the entire bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40. Similar to the first convex surface 522, the second convex surface 526 is a spherical or aspherical curved surface. The second convex surface 526 is in contact with the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90. Also in the second fastening portion 40 as shown in FIG. 7A, as in the case of the first convex surface 522, the pressing in the load direction is performed in each step of the fastening method. When the fastening portion 40 moves relative to the first fastening portion 20 in the anti-load direction, the second convex surface 526 causes the inclination of the shaft portion 42 (inclination of “axial center L” shown in FIG. 7A). Can be changed along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 22 (see the arrow of the arc-shaped double-headed arrow based on the “axis L” shown in FIG. 7A). Therefore, the relative movement of the second fastening portion 40 can be performed smoothly in a state where the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24.

  In addition, the second fastening portion 40 may be configured such that the bottom 52 of the second head portion 46 includes a flat surface 528 as shown in FIG. The flat surface 528 forms the entire bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40. When the bottom surface of the second fastening portion 40 is the flat surface 528, in the fastening method, the contact between the flat surface 528 of the bottom portion 52 and the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90 is a surface contact. The fastening method using the fastener 10 having the second fastening portion 40 as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is performed in the same manner as the fastening method described above with reference to FIGS. Therefore, the description regarding this is abbreviate | omitted.

  (3) In the above description, the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion 22 is constant at the inner diameter φ1, the outer diameter of the cylindrical portion 22 is constant at the outer diameter φ2, and the thickness of the peripheral wall of the cylindrical portion 22 is constant. That is, the first fastening part 20 having the cylindrical cylindrical part 22 formed by the peripheral wall having a constant thickness has been described as an example. For example, the first fastening portion 20 may have a cylindrical portion 22 ′ as shown in FIGS. Each of the first fastening portions 20 shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B is closed by the first head portion 26 on the first side of the cylindrical portion 22 ′ and on the second side of the cylindrical portion 22 ′. Open.

  In the first fastening portion 20 shown in FIG. 8A, the cylindrical portion 22 'has an outer peripheral surface shape such that the second side of the cylindrical portion 22' has a small diameter (outer diameter φ2> outer diameter φ8). In the first fastening portion 20 shown in FIG. 8B, the cylindrical portion 22 'has an inner peripheral surface shape such that the second side of the cylindrical portion 22' has a large diameter (inner diameter φ1 <inner diameter φ9). That is, the cylindrical portion 22 ′ may be a cylindrical shape formed by a peripheral wall whose second side is thin. The range to be thin is appropriately determined according to the dimensions required to function as the cylindrical piece 28. The change in the diameter of the peripheral wall may be gradually performed by a taper or the like (see FIGS. 8A and 8B), or may be stepped. According to the 1st fastening part 20 which has cylindrical part 22 'by the surrounding wall by which the 2nd side was made thin, the direction (axis) of the axial center L (refer FIG. 8 (A), (B)) of the 1st fastening part 20 Since the area of the cross section perpendicular to the (center direction) is reduced, the cylindrical portion 22 'can be cut and divided and the cylindrical portion piece 28 can be deformed with a lower load. Therefore, the predetermined portion on the distal end side of the tubular piece 28 is surely in contact with the second surface 802 of the second fastened member 80, and the second fastened member 80 is moved by the elastic force of the tubular piece 28. It can be urged toward the first fastened member 70. As a result, the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 can be fastened stably.

  Even in the case of the first fastening portion 20 that is the cylindrical portion 22 ′ as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the cylindrical portion with the shaft portion 42 inserted into the hollow portion 24 as described above. The predetermined range on the second side of the portion 22 ′ is plastically deformed so that the cylindrical portion 22 ′ and the shaft portion 42 are in a pressed state. Plastic deformation is performed in the same manner as described above. Therefore, the description regarding this is abbreviate | omitted. In the same manner as described above, the outer diameter φ5 of the shaft portion 42 is increased by a predetermined amount from the inner diameter φ1 (see FIG. 8A) or the inner diameter φ9 (see FIG. 8B) of the cylindrical portion 22 ′. The portion 42 may be inserted into the hollow portion 24 in a press-fitted state. Also in the first fastening portion 20 that is the cylindrical portion 22 ′ as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the first head portion 26 is the first head portion 26 ′ as shown in FIG. It is good.

  (4) In the above, as shown in FIG. 1, FIG.4 and FIG.5 or FIG.6, the load receiving member 90 is joined to the 2nd to-be-fastened member 80, and the fastening method via the load receiving member 90 is used. Explained in the example. The load receiving member 90 may be omitted. In this case, in the fastening method, as shown in FIG. 9, a predetermined load receiving jig 100 is used. When the load receiving jig 100 is used, the fastener 10 in which the first fastening portion 20 is joined to the first fastened member 70 has the second fastening portion 40 on the load receiving surface 103 of the load receiving jig 100. Set to be placed. At this time, the first convex surface 522 of the bottom portion 52 contacts the load receiving surface 103 as in the case of the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90. The load receiving surface 103 corresponds to the bottom surface 904 of the load receiving member 90.

  When the load receiving member 90 is omitted, in the fastening structure, the second fastening portion 40 is not supported on the second side in the overlapping direction. Therefore, as compared with the fastening structure as shown in FIG. 5B, the second fastening portion 40 may be easily detached from the first fastening portion 20. In this case, a measure against dropping of the second fastening portion 40 may be required. For example, as described above, when the outer diameter φ5 of the shaft portion 42 is made larger than the inner diameter φ1 of the cylindrical portion 22 by a predetermined amount so that the shaft portion 42 is press-fitted into the hollow portion 24, the drop-off is preferably performed. Can be prevented. The plastic deformation range may be a range corresponding to the hollow portion 24 in which the shaft portion 42 is present in the fastening structure, and the pressing state may be realized in this range. Regarding the fastening method using the load receiving jig 100, other points are performed in the same manner as the fastening method described above with reference to FIGS. Therefore, the description regarding this is abbreviate | omitted. Also in the case of using the load receiving jig 100, the load receiving jig 100 may be pressed to the first fastened member 70 side (anti-loading direction) with a predetermined load. In addition, for example, the second fastened member 80 may have a shape including a structure similar to the structure of the load receiving member 90 described above, and thereby the load receiving member 90 may be omitted. In this case, the second fastened member 80 is formed by being processed or the like so as to have a shape including the same structure as the load receiving member 90 described above.

  (5) In the above, the shaft part 42 which is an outer peripheral surface without unevenness has been described as an example. A configuration that engages with the inner peripheral surface of the tubular portion 22 may be formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 42. For example, as shown in FIG. 10A, a shaft portion 42 having a groove 44 formed on the outer peripheral surface may be used. The groove portion 44 is in a state in which a plurality of annular irregularities along the circumferential direction of the shaft portion 42 are arranged. The direction in which the unevenness forming the groove 44 is arranged is the axial direction. For example, the groove 44 has a triangular cross section in the direction along the axis L. The number of convex portions in the groove 44 may be one in addition to a plurality (in the example shown in FIG. 10A, the number of convex portions is two). The groove portion formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 42 may have a single or a plurality of spiral shapes.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 10 (B), it may be a shaft portion 42 in which a straight portion 45 is formed on the outer peripheral surface. The straight portion 45 has a convex shape protruding from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 42 and having a streak shape extending in the axial direction. A plurality of the raised portions 45 are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion 42 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction, for example. The outer diameter φ4 of the second head portion 46 is set to be larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion 42 in consideration of the raised portion 45. According to the groove 44, the spiral groove or the raised portion 45, the second fastening portion 40 is suitably fixed to the first fastening portion 20 in the state where the shaft portion 42 is inserted into the hollow portion 24, and the second fastening is performed. The part 40 can be suitably prevented from falling off from the first fastening part 20. Also in the second fastening portion 40 shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the bottom portion 52 of the second head portion 46 has a second convex surface 526 (see FIG. 7A) or a flat surface 528 (see FIG. 7B). ))).

  (6) In the above description, an automobile, which is an example of a vehicle, has been described as an example of a product having a fastening structure. The fastener 10 can be used for various products. For example, it can also be used for fastening a decorative panel that forms an outer surface of an outer wall and / or inner wall of a building such as a house, or home appliances. In this case, the decorative panel corresponds to the first fastened member 70 in the present embodiment. The fastener 10 (first heads 26, 26 ') is joined to the back surface opposite to the decorative surface (front surface) of the decorative panel. The fastener 10 is used for fastening the first fastened member 70 and the second fastened member 80 in the manufacture of an automobile or the like, regardless of whether or not the adhesive is used, in addition to the use of temporary fixing for bonding. May be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fastening tool 20 1st fastening part 22,22 'Cylindrical part, 24 Hollow part, 26,26' First head 28 Cylindrical piece, 30 Protrusion part 40 Second fastening part 42 Shaft part, 44 Groove part, 45 Straight portion 46 Second head portion, 48 blade portion, 50 curl forming portion, 52 bottom portion 522 first convex surface, 524 annular surface, 526 second convex surface, 528 plane 70 first fastened member, 701 first Surface, 702 second surface 80 second fastened member, 801 first surface, 802 second surface, 82 through hole 90 load receiving member, 904 bottom surface 100 load receiving jig, 103 load receiving surface φ1, φ1 ′, φ6 φ9 Inner diameter φ2, φ2 ', φ3, φ4, φ5, φ7, φ8 Outer diameter D1, D2 depth, L axis, T1, T2 thickness

Claims (8)

A fastener for fastening a first fastened member and a second fastened member that overlaps the first fastened member, the first fastened part and the second fastened part,
The first fastening portion is
A cylindrical portion formed with a hollow portion, the cylindrical portion inserted through a through-hole penetrating the second fastened member in the overlapping direction in which the first fastened member and the second fastened member overlap; ,
In the fastened state in which the first fastened member and the second fastened member are fastened, the first fastened member is joined to the second surface of the first fastened member facing the first surface of the second fastened member. One head, and
The second fastening portion is
A shaft portion inserted into the hollow portion of the tubular portion;
The outer diameter of the shaft portion is larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion, disposed in the opening of the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion is cut in the circumferential direction and divided into a plurality of cylindrical pieces, Each of the tubular pieces is placed on the second surface side of the second fastened member so that the tubular piece comes into contact with the second face opposite to the first face of the second fastened member. And a second head for deforming into a fastener.   The fastener according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the first head is larger than an outer diameter of the cylindrical portion. The outer diameter of the first head is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole,
The fastener according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first head is in contact with a first surface of the second fastened member in the fastened state. A first fastened member and a second fastened member that overlaps the first fastened member have a cylindrical shape with a hollow portion, and the first fastened member and the second fastened member Inserted in a hollow portion of the cylindrical portion, a first fastening portion having a cylindrical portion inserted through a through-hole penetrating the second fastened member in the overlapping direction, and a first head. A shaft portion, having an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the shaft portion, disposed in the opening portion of the tubular portion, cutting the tubular portion in the circumferential direction and dividing it into a plurality of tubular pieces; A fastening structure in which each of the cylindrical pieces is fastened by a fastener having a second fastening portion having a second head for deforming the second fastened member to the second surface side of the second fastened member. Because
The first head is joined to the second surface of the first fastened member facing the first surface opposite to the second surface of the second fastened member;
The said cylindrical part piece is a fastening structure which each deform | transforms into the 2nd surface side of said 2nd to-be-fastened member, and is in contact with the 2nd surface of said 2nd to-be-fastened member.   The fastening structure according to claim 4, wherein an outer diameter of the first head is larger than an outer diameter of the cylindrical portion. The outer diameter of the first head is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole,
The fastening structure according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the first head is in contact with a first surface of the second fastened member.   The portion of the second fastened member that is the outer periphery of the through hole is deformed to the second head side in a state where the first head is in contact with the first surface of the second fastened member. The fastening structure according to claim 6.   An automobile having the fastening structure according to any one of claims 4 to 7.

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