JP2014013951A - Terminal device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve requirements for traffic safety securing and requirements for personal information protection with good balance.SOLUTION: In a terminal device 10 held by a predetermined holding main body, an acquisition part 16 acquires position information on the holding main body. A generation part 15 generates a packet signal including the position information acquired by the acquisition part 16. A communication part transmits the packet signal generated by the generation part 15. When the communication part receives disaster information from a base station device, the generation part 15 generates a packet signal including identification information on the holding main body besides the position information.

Description

  The present invention relates to a communication technique, and more particularly to a terminal device that transmits and receives a signal including predetermined information.

  The form of wireless communication for automobiles is roughly classified into road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication (including road-to-vehicle communication). Both types of communication can be used to prevent rear-end collisions due to encounter collisions at intersections and traffic congestion at corners. For example, current position information is detected in real time by GPS (Global Positioning System) or the like in vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and the position information is exchanged between vehicle-mounted devices, thereby preventing collision at an intersection (for example, , See Patent Document 1). In road-to-vehicle communication, a roadside machine is installed at an intersection or on the roadside, and the driving support information as described above is transmitted from the roadside machine to the vehicle-mounted device.

JP 2005-202913 A

  In road-to-vehicle communication, it is possible to provide not only the above-mentioned driving support information from the roadside machine to the vehicle-mounted device, but also traffic information (for example, traffic jam information, construction information, accident information) and disaster information in the vicinity of the roadside machine. It is.

  By the way, at the time of a disaster such as an earthquake, a fire, or a landslide, a vehicle traveling near the disaster site may be involved in the disaster. The driver of the vehicle, the passenger's family, etc. have a desire to know the safety as soon as possible after knowing the disaster. When a mobile phone or smartphone is connected, you can use it to check the safety, but if you are in a mountainous area where radio waves do not reach or you do not have those devices, If the service is temporarily unavailable due to traffic congestion due to the influence, the safety cannot be confirmed immediately.

  Road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication are primarily intended to provide driving support information, and it is important to send and receive vehicle location information. From the viewpoint of personal information protection, the identification information of the vehicle and its owner is It is desirable not to be transmitted and received.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a communication technology that realizes a balance between a request for ensuring traffic safety and a request for protecting personal information.

  A terminal device according to an aspect of the present invention is a terminal device held by a predetermined holding entity, and generates an acquisition unit that acquires position information of the holding entity, and a packet signal that includes the position information acquired by the acquisition unit The generating unit, the communication unit that transmits the packet signal generated by the generating unit, and the generating unit, when the communication unit receives disaster information from the base station device, in addition to the location information, Generate a packet signal containing. The communication unit may execute relay when receiving a packet signal from another terminal device.

  It should be noted that any combination of the above-described constituent elements and a conversion of the expression of the present invention between a method, an apparatus, a system, a recording medium, a computer program, etc. are also effective as an aspect of the present invention.

  According to the present invention, a request for ensuring traffic safety and a request for protecting personal information can be realized in a balanced manner.

It is a figure which shows the structure (state 1) of the communication system which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a base station apparatus according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIGS. 3A to 3B are diagrams illustrating frame formats defined in the communication system. FIGS. 4A to 4B are diagrams illustrating a configuration of a subframe in which a road and vehicle transmission period is set. It is a figure which shows the format of the MAC frame stored in the packet signal prescribed | regulated in a communication system. It is a figure which shows the structure of the terminal device which concerns on Example 1. FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure during a disaster of the communication system according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structure (state 2) of the communication system which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure (state 3) of the communication system which concerns on Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the communication system which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the terminal device which concerns on Example 2. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure for exchanging the information in the group of the communication system which concerns on Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the communication system which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the communication system which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a terminal device according to a fourth embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure for inquiring crime prevention information of the communication system which concerns on Example 4 to a stolen vehicle registration apparatus.

  Before describing the present invention in detail, an outline will be described. Embodiments of the present invention are executed between a terminal device mounted on a vehicle and a base station device installed at an intersection or a roadside, and between a terminal device mounted on the vehicle. It relates to ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) using inter-vehicle communication.

  The use of a wireless LAN that conforms to standards such as IEEE 802.11 is being studied for ITS. In such a wireless LAN, an access control function called CSMA / CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avidance) is used. Therefore, in the wireless LAN, the same wireless channel is shared by the base station device and the plurality of terminal devices. In such CSMA / CA, after confirming that no other packet signal is transmitted by carrier sense, the packet signal is broadcasted.

  In inter-vehicle communication, the terminal device broadcasts and transmits a packet signal that stores information such as the position of the vehicle, the traveling direction, and the moving speed (hereinafter referred to as “position information”). When receiving the packet signal, the other terminal device recognizes the approach of the vehicle based on the position information and the like.

  The base station apparatus repeatedly defines a frame including a plurality of subframes. The base station apparatus selects any of a plurality of subframes for road-to-vehicle communication, and broadcasts a packet signal in which control information and the like are stored during the period of the head portion of the selected subframe.

  The control information includes information related to a period (hereinafter referred to as “road vehicle transmission period”) for the base station apparatus to transmit a packet signal by broadcast. The terminal device specifies a road and vehicle transmission period based on the control information, and transmits a packet signal in a period other than the road and vehicle transmission period. Thus, when road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication are time-division multiplexed, the collision probability of packet signals between them is reduced. That is, when the terminal device recognizes the content of the control information, interference between road-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication is reduced. The terminal device transmits a packet signal by the CSMA method during a period for vehicle-to-vehicle communication (hereinafter referred to as “vehicle transmission period”). Note that a terminal device that cannot receive the control information from the base station device, that is, a terminal device that exists outside the area formed by the base station device transmits a packet signal by the CSMA method regardless of the frame configuration.

  In Example 1 of the present invention, in road-to-vehicle communication using such a communication method, when the base station apparatus acquires disaster information, the base station device broadcasts a packet signal storing the disaster information. When the terminal device receives the packet signal, it generates a packet signal storing additional information that is not normally transmitted in addition to the position information and the like, using the packet signal as a trigger, and transmits the packet signal. For example, the additional information includes vehicle identification information, vehicle owner personal information, vehicle driver and passenger safety information, and the like.

  In Example 2 of the present invention, in vehicle-to-vehicle communication using the above-described communication method, when traveling in a group formed with a plurality of vehicles, in addition to the position information or the like, between the vehicles belonging to the group Instead of position information and the like, information that should be shared only within the group is communicated.

  In the third embodiment of the present invention, in the inter-vehicle communication using the communication method described above, instead of the position information and the like between the terminal device mounted on the failed vehicle and the terminal device mounted on the road service car, Communicate fault information.

  In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, in road-to-vehicle communication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication using the above-described communication method, the terminal device mounted on the stolen vehicle transmits vehicle identification information that is not normally transmitted in addition to the position information and the like. Send.

Example 1
FIG. 1 shows a configuration (state 1) of a communication system 500 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This corresponds to a case where one intersection is viewed from above. The communication system 500 includes a base station device 20, a terminal device 10a mounted on the first vehicle 100a, and a terminal device 10b mounted on the second vehicle 100b. The communication system 500 includes an external network (for example, the Internet) 200. Via the disaster center apparatus 300. Area 202 indicates the radio wave range of the base station device 20, and outside area 204 indicates the radio wave range of the base station device 20. The upper side of the drawing corresponds to “north”, the first vehicle 100a proceeds from “south” to “north”, and the second vehicle 100b proceeds from “east” to “west”.

  The base station device 20 controls communication between the terminal devices 10. Base station apparatus 20 repeatedly generates a frame including a plurality of subframes based on a signal received from a GPS satellite (not shown) or a frame formed by another base station apparatus (not shown). A road and vehicle transmission period can be set at the beginning of each subframe. The base station apparatus 20 selects a subframe in which the road and vehicle transmission period is not set by another base station apparatus from among the plurality of subframes. The base station apparatus 20 sets a road and vehicle transmission period at the beginning of the selected subframe. The base station apparatus 20 notifies the packet signal in the set road and vehicle transmission period. Various data are assumed as data to be included in the packet signal. In this embodiment, disaster information data is assumed.

  The disaster center device 300 is a server device installed in a public organization that handles disaster countermeasures such as the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Fire Department. When the server device confirms or predicts the occurrence of a disaster such as an earthquake, flood, tsunami, fire, landslide, etc., the server device transmits disaster information indicating the content to a predetermined distance (for example, from the disaster area via the external network 200). (Several kilometers to several tens of kilometers) to all base station apparatuses 20 installed in the range. In that case, when the occurrence of an earthquake or tsunami is predicted, the server device calculates the estimated arrival time for each position of the installed base station device 20 and calculates the estimated time to each base station device 20. The estimated arrival time may be included in the disaster information.

  In addition, when the server device transmits the disaster information to the base station device 20 in the area, message information for prompting the driver to stop the vehicle 100 is added to the terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100. May be.

  Further, when the vehicle 100 is safer to move away from the disaster area (for example, in the case of flood, tsunami, fire, landslide, etc.), the server device is based on the positional relationship between the disaster area and each base station device 20, It may be calculated in which direction each vehicle 100 is separated from the position of each base station device 20, and the calculated moving direction instruction information may be added to each base station device 20.

  When receiving the packet signal from the base station apparatus 20, the terminal apparatus 10 generates a frame based on information included in the packet signal. As a result, the frame generated in each of the plurality of terminal devices 10 is synchronized with the frame generated in the base station device 20. When the terminal device 10 can receive the packet signal from the base station device 20, the terminal device 10 exists in the area 202. When present in the area 202, the terminal device 10 broadcasts a packet signal by carrier sense.

  The terminal device 10 selects subframes having the same relative timing in the next frame. The terminal device 10 acquires the position information and the like and other information as necessary, and stores the information in a packet signal. The terminal device 10 also stores the control information in the packet signal. That is, the control information transmitted from the base station device 20 is transferred by the terminal device 10. On the other hand, when it is estimated that it exists outside the area 204, the terminal device 10 broadcasts a packet signal by executing CSMA / CA regardless of the frame configuration.

  FIG. 2 illustrates a configuration of the base station apparatus 20 according to the first embodiment. The base station apparatus 20 includes an antenna 21, an RF unit 22, a modem unit 23, a processing unit 24, a control unit 29, and a network communication unit 25. This configuration can be realized by an arbitrary processor, memory, or other LSI in terms of hardware, and is realized by a program loaded into the memory in terms of software. Draw functional blocks. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by hardware only, software only, or a combination thereof.

  The RF unit 22 receives a packet signal from the terminal device 10 or another base station device 20 by the antenna 21 as a reception process. The RF unit 22 performs frequency conversion on the received radio frequency packet signal to generate a baseband packet signal. Further, the RF unit 22 outputs a baseband packet signal to the modem unit 23. In general, baseband packet signals are formed by in-phase and quadrature components, so two signal lines should be shown, but here only one signal line is shown for clarity. Shall be shown. The RF unit 22 includes an LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), a mixer, an AGC, and an A / D conversion unit.

  As a transmission process, the RF unit 22 performs frequency conversion on the baseband packet signal input from the modem unit 23 to generate a radio frequency packet signal. Further, the RF unit 22 transmits a radio frequency packet signal from the antenna 21 during the road-vehicle transmission period. The RF unit 22 also includes a PA (Power Amplifier), a mixer, and a D / A conversion unit.

  The modem unit 23 demodulates the baseband packet signal from the RF unit 22 as a reception process. Further, the modem unit 23 outputs the demodulated result to the processing unit 24. Further, the modem unit 23 performs modulation on the data from the processing unit 24 as transmission processing. Further, the modem unit 23 outputs the modulated result to the RF unit 22 as a baseband packet signal. When the communication system 500 employs an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation scheme, the modem unit 23 also executes FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) as reception processing and IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier) as transmission processing.

  The processing unit 24 causes the modem unit 23 and the RF unit 22 to broadcast the packet signal during the road and vehicle transmission period. The processing unit 24 receives a signal from a GPS satellite (not shown) and specifies time information based on the received signal. Since the time information can be specified by an existing general technique, the description thereof is omitted here. The processing unit 24 generates a plurality of frames based on the time information. For example, 10 frames of “100 msec” are generated by dividing the period of “1 sec” into 10 with reference to the timing indicated by the time information. By repeating such processing, frames are continuously generated.

  Each frame includes a plurality of subframes. The processing unit 24 selects a subframe in which a road and vehicle transmission period is to be set from among a plurality of subframes included in the frame. At that time, a subframe in which the road and vehicle transmission period is not set by another base station apparatus, that is, an unused subframe is selected.

  FIGS. 3A and 3B show frame formats defined in the communication system 500. FIG. FIG. 3A shows the structure of the frame. The frame is formed of N subframes indicated as the first subframe to the Nth subframe. For example, when the frame length is 100 msec and N is 8, a subframe having a length of 12.5 msec is defined. N may be other than 8.

  FIG. 3B shows a configuration of a frame generated by the base station apparatus 20. The base station apparatus 20 sets a road and vehicle transmission period at the beginning of the first subframe. In the first subframe, it is assumed that no road and vehicle transmission period is set by another base station apparatus. The base station apparatus 20 sets the vehicle transmission period following the road and vehicle transmission period in the first subframe. The vehicle transmission period is a period during which the terminal device 10 can notify the packet signal. That is, in the frame, the base station device 20 can notify the packet signal during the road and vehicle transmission period of the first subframe, and the terminal device 10 can transmit the packet signal during the vehicle and vehicle transmission period other than the road and vehicle transmission period of the first subframe. A packet signal can be broadcast. The base station apparatus 20 sets only the vehicle transmission period from the second subframe to the Nth subframe. In addition, when another base station apparatus sets the said road and vehicle transmission period, it sets to sub-frames other than a 1st sub-frame.

  FIGS. 4A to 4B show the configuration of a subframe in which a road and vehicle transmission period is set. As described above, the subframe in which the road and vehicle transmission period is set is configured in the order of the road and vehicle transmission period and the vehicle and vehicle transmission period. In the road and vehicle transmission period, the base station device 20 can notify the packet signal, and in the vehicle and vehicle transmission period, the terminal device 10 can notify the packet signal. FIG. 4B shows the arrangement of packet signals during the road and vehicle transmission period. As illustrated, a plurality of RSU packet signals are arranged in the road and vehicle transmission period. The RSU packet signals are separated by SIFS (Short Interframe Space).

  FIG. 5 shows a format of a MAC frame stored in a packet signal defined in the communication system 500. In the MAC frame, “MAC header”, “LLC header”, “message header”, “data payload”, and “FCS” are arranged in order from the top.

  Returning to FIG. The network communication unit 25 performs two-way communication with an external server device or PC (not shown) via the external network 200. In this embodiment, the disaster information, the message information, and the like are received from the disaster center device 300 and transferred to the processing unit 24. In addition, the network communication unit 25 receives from the processing unit 24 location information of the vehicle 100, identification information of the vehicle 100, safety information to be described later, and the like, and transmits them to the disaster center apparatus 300 via the external network 200. The control unit 29 controls processing of the entire base station apparatus 20.

  FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration of the terminal device 10 according to the first embodiment. The terminal device 10 includes an antenna 11, an RF unit 12, a modem unit 13, a processing unit 14, a user interface 17, an identification information holding unit 18, and a control unit 19. The processing unit 14 includes a generation unit 15 and an acquisition unit 16. The antenna 11, the RF unit 12, and the modem unit 13 perform basically the same processing as the antenna 21, the RF unit 22, and the modem unit 23 in FIG. Hereinafter, description of the same processing will be omitted as appropriate, and differences between the two will be mainly described.

  The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 receive packet signals from other terminal apparatuses 10 and the base station apparatus 20 and output them to the processing unit 14. As described above, the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 receive a packet signal from the base station apparatus 20 during the road-vehicle transmission period, and receive a packet signal from another terminal apparatus 10 during the road-vehicle transmission period.

  When the demodulation result from the modem unit 13 is a packet signal from the base station device 20, the generation unit 15 specifies the timing of the subframe in which the road and vehicle transmission period is arranged. Further, the generation unit 15 generates a frame based on the timing of the subframe and the content of the basic part in the message header of the packet signal, specifically, the content of the RSU transmission period length. Note that the frame generation method is the same as the generation method in the processing unit 24 of the base station apparatus 20, and thus the description thereof is omitted. As a result, the generation unit 15 generates a frame synchronized with the frame formed in the base station device 20.

  The generation unit 15 outputs information included in the data payload of the received packet signal to the acquisition unit 16 and the user interface 17. The acquisition unit 16 is connected to a GPS receiver, a gyroscope, a vehicle speed sensor, and the like (not shown). The acquisition unit 16 acquires data supplied from the GPS receiver, the position information of the vehicle 100 on which the terminal device 10 is mounted (existing position), and the like. , Traveling direction, moving speed). The existence position is defined by latitude and longitude. Since the existing position and the progress method can be specified by an existing general technique, the description thereof is omitted here. The acquisition unit 16 outputs position information and the like to the generation unit 15. The generation unit 15 generates a packet signal including the position information acquired by the acquisition unit 16 in the data payload. The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the packet signal by the CSMA method.

  The acquisition unit 16 may be connected to an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) (not shown). The acquisition unit 16 acquires from the ECU the presence / absence of a failure of the vehicle 100 and the failure location when there is a failure (hereinafter referred to as failure information collectively).

  The user interface 17 includes an operation unit, an audio output unit, a display unit, and the like. When a packet signal including position information of the vehicle 100 on which it is mounted is received from another terminal device 10, the display unit displays the current position of the vehicle 100. When the vehicle 100 is present at a position closer than a predetermined distance, the voice output unit outputs a message indicating the approach.

  In addition, when the disaster information and the message information are received from the base station device 20, the voice output unit outputs a voice notification of a disaster occurrence and a message that prompts the vehicle 100 to stop. In addition to or instead of the audio output, the display unit may display the message. In addition, when the disaster information and the moving direction instruction information are received from the base station apparatus 20, the display unit displays a notification of the occurrence of the disaster and the direction in which the vehicle 100 should move. In addition to or instead of the display, the voice output unit may output a message to that effect.

  When the disaster information is received, the operation unit registers the identification information of the vehicle 100 to be transmitted to the base station device 20 in the identification information holding unit 18 due to the user operation. The range of identification information to be transmitted can be arbitrarily set by the user. For example, only the automobile registration number of the vehicle 100 may be set, or a chassis number may be set in addition thereto. Further, personal information of the owner, driver, or passenger of the vehicle 100 may be set. As the personal information, a name, sex, age, address, telephone number, blood type, medical history, and the like can be set. The user can arbitrarily set the transmission range of the personal information. A driver or a passenger who is not the owner may set personal information before departure on the day of driving.

  The operation unit may be provided with a rescue request button. Moreover, it may be set to display a touch panel screen for requesting rescue. The driver or passenger can instruct the transmission of the presence or absence of casualties (hereinafter referred to as safety information) by pressing the rescue request button or operating the touch panel screen. If there is an injured person, the safety information may include the degree of the injury.

  When the disaster information is received from the base station device 20, the acquisition unit 16 acquires the identification information from the identification information holding unit 18 and outputs it to the generation unit 15. When the failure information can be acquired from the ECU, the failure information may be acquired and output to the generation unit 15. Further, when the safety information can be acquired from the user interface 17, the safety information may be acquired and output to the generation unit 15.

  The generation unit 15 generates a packet signal including the identification information such as the position information and other acquired information (hereinafter referred to as “response information to disaster information”) in the data payload. Here, other acquired information is not essential information. The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the packet signal by the CSMA method.

  When the base station device 20 is installed in an area where the packet signal can be received, the RF unit 22 and the modem unit 23 of the base station device 20 receive the packet signal, and the processing unit 24 Response information for the disaster information included in the data payload is extracted. The network communication unit 25 transmits the information to the disaster center device 300 via the external network 200. When the external network 200 can transfer the packet signal, only the header information is updated and the packet signal is transferred. In the disaster center device 300, at the time of a disaster, response information for the disaster information of the vehicle 100 located in the area is collected from the base station apparatus 20 installed within a predetermined distance from the disaster area. The collected data will be used for rescue operations, recovery activities, and safety confirmation by family members.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure during a disaster of the communication system 500 according to the first embodiment. When the disaster center recognizes the disaster information from a seismometer or a fire report installed at each point, the disaster center device 300 sends the disaster information to the base station device 20 installed in the area where the disaster information should be notified. Is transmitted via the external network 200 (S10).

  Each base station apparatus 20 that has received the disaster information broadcasts the received disaster information (S11). The terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100 located within the radio wave range of the base station device 20 that is transmitting the disaster information receives the disaster information (S12). When receiving the disaster information, the terminal device 10 broadcasts response information for the disaster information (S13). When receiving the response information, the base station apparatus 20 transmits the response information to the disaster center apparatus 300 via the external network 200 (S14).

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the vehicle position information and the like are normally exchanged between roads and vehicles, and information for directly specifying the vehicle or person is not exchanged. Traffic safety can be improved while protecting the traffic. On the other hand, in the event of a disaster, by transmitting vehicle identification information and the like in addition to the vehicle position information and the like, the identification information and the like can be used for safety confirmation during a disaster. As described above, according to the first embodiment, a request for ensuring traffic safety and a request for protecting personal information can be realized in a balanced manner.

(Modification of Example 1)
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the configuration (state 2) of the communication system 500 according to the first embodiment. 8, compared with FIG. 1, both the first vehicle 100a and the second vehicle 100b are moving from “south” to “north”, and the terminal device 10 mounted on any of the vehicles 100a and 100b is also a base station device. It belongs to an area 202 within 20 radio wave ranges.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a configuration (state 3) of the communication system 500 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 shows a state after a predetermined time has elapsed from FIG. The terminal device 10 mounted on the second vehicle 100b belongs to the area 202, but the terminal device 10 mounted on the first vehicle 100a is located outside the area 204.

  In the second state, when disaster information is broadcast from the base station device 20, the terminal device 10 mounted on the first vehicle 100a and the second vehicle 100b can receive the disaster information. Also, the base station device 20 receives response information for disaster information broadcast from the terminal device 10 mounted on the first vehicle 100a and the second vehicle 100b.

  In the third state, when disaster information is broadcast from the base station device 20, the terminal device 10 mounted on the second vehicle 100b can receive the disaster information, but the terminal device 10 mounted on the first vehicle 100a. Cannot receive the disaster information (Case 1).

  In the third state, the response information to the disaster information broadcast from the terminal device 10 mounted on the second vehicle 100b is received by the base station device 20, but the terminal device mounted on the first vehicle 100a. The response information for the disaster information broadcast from 10 is not received by the base station apparatus 20 (Case 2).

  Therefore, in the modification, road-to-vehicle communication is realized by hopping disaster information and response information to the disaster information using vehicle-to-vehicle communication. That is, when the RF unit 12, the modem unit 13, and the processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 receive the disaster signal or the packet signal including the response information with respect to the disaster information from the other terminal device 10, the relay unit executes the relay.

  The processing unit 24 of the base station apparatus 20 describes information indicating that disaster information should be transferred and the upper limit value of the transfer count in the message header of the MAC frame shown in FIG. The processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 that has received the MAC frame adds 1 to the number of transfers included in the message header. When the updated transfer count is less than the upper limit, the processing unit 14 describes the updated transfer count in the message header, and the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the updated packet signal. When the number of transfers after the update reaches the upper limit, the transfer is not executed. Note that the expiration date of transfer may be used instead of the upper limit value of the number of transfers. The above processing corresponds to Case 1 above.

  In the same manner, the processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 describes information indicating that response information to the disaster information should be transferred and the upper limit value of the transfer count in the message header of the MAC frame shown in FIG. The processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 that has received the MAC frame adds 1 to the number of transfers included in the message header. When the updated transfer count is less than the upper limit, the processing unit 14 describes the updated transfer count in the message header, and the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the updated packet signal. When the number of transfers after the update reaches the upper limit, the transfer is not executed. Note that the expiration date of transfer may be used instead of the upper limit value of the number of transfers. The above processing corresponds to Case 2 above.

  As described above, according to the modification of the first embodiment, even when the vehicle 100 is located outside the area 204 within the radio wave range of the base station device 20, the base station device is used by using inter-vehicle communication. The possibility that disaster information reaches the terminal device 10 from 20 can be increased. Further, it is possible to increase the possibility that the response information for the disaster information reaches the base station device 20 from the terminal device 10.

(Example 2)
FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a communication system 500 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Since the second embodiment basically uses only inter-vehicle communication, the base station device 20 is not drawn. The first vehicle 100a, the second vehicle 100b, and the third vehicle 100c form one group. For example, it corresponds to a case where a plurality of members drive for the same destination. The first vehicle 100a and the second vehicle 100b are traveling from “east” to “west”, and the third vehicle 100c is traveling from “south” to “north”. The fourth vehicle 100d does not belong to the above group and proceeds from “north” to “south”. The fourth vehicle 100d is simply an oncoming vehicle for the third vehicle 100c.

  FIG. 11 illustrates a configuration of the terminal device 10 according to the second embodiment. The terminal device 10 according to the second embodiment has a configuration in which a key generation unit 31, a key holding unit 32, and an encryption / decryption unit 33 are added as compared with the terminal device 10 according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. . In addition, since the identification information holding | maintenance part 18 is not an essential structure in Example 2, it is not drawn in FIG.

  As described above, in the communication system 500 according to the second embodiment, information is exchanged between a plurality of vehicles belonging to one group using inter-vehicle communication. For example, broadcast transmission is performed to transmit position information of the leading vehicle (first vehicle 100a in FIG. 10) and navigation information to the leading vehicle to the following vehicles (second vehicle 100b and third vehicle 100c in FIG. 10). To do. This is particularly effective when the first vehicle 100a, which is the leading vehicle, does not exist in the field of view like the third vehicle 100c in FIG. The navigation information is defined by, for example, a set of information indicating an intersection name and a turning direction. The user interface 17 of the terminal device 10 mounted on the succeeding vehicle may display a route superimposed on a map displayed on the screen based on such information, or a destination before each intersection by voice output. The direction may be notified to the driver. Both of them may be executed. The information communicated between a plurality of vehicles belonging to one group is not limited to information related to vehicle operation, but is communication matters not related to vehicle operation (for example, notification of change of eating place). May be.

  In the communication system 500 according to the second embodiment, information exchanged by inter-vehicle communication is encrypted. Encryption is roughly classified into a common key encryption method and a public key encryption method. The common key encryption method is an encryption method using a common key for encryption and decryption, and DES, AES, and the like are known. The public key cryptosystem is a cryptosystem that uses different keys for encryption and decryption, and RSA, DSA, ECDSA, and the like are known. In the public key cryptosystem, a key used for encryption is called a public key, and a key used for decryption is called a secret key.

  In the communication system 500 according to the second embodiment, a common key or a public key is shared between the plurality of vehicles 100 before the departure of the plurality of vehicles 100 belonging to one group. The sharing of these keys may be executed by unicast communication using infrared communication or the like, or may be executed by user input. In the former case, the encryption key may be exchanged via a mobile phone or a smartphone having an infrared communication function. In addition, when there is no vehicle or base station that does not belong to the above group, an encryption key may be exchanged by inter-vehicle communication.

  When the common key encryption method is adopted, the key generation unit 31 in the terminal device 10 of any of the plurality of vehicles 100 belonging to one group executes a key generation algorithm of the common key encryption method to generate a common key. The key generation unit 31 stores the generated common key in its own key holding unit 32, and also holds the generated common key in the key holding unit 32 of the terminal device 10 mounted on another vehicle 100 belonging to the group described above. A message to that effect is displayed on the user interface 17 so as to execute one of the sharing methods. Hereinafter, description will be made on the assumption that the same common key is held in the key holding unit 32 of the terminal device 10 mounted on all the vehicles 100 belonging to the group.

  In the terminal device 10 mounted on any of the vehicles 100 belonging to the group, the generation unit 15 generates information to be transmitted to the other vehicles 100 belonging to the group (hereinafter referred to as in-group information). For example, navigation information is generated based on position information acquired by the acquisition unit 16. The generation unit 15 encrypts the generated in-group information using a common key held in the key holding unit 32, and generates a packet signal including the encrypted in-group information in the data payload. The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the packet signal by the CSMA method.

  In the terminal device 10 mounted on another vehicle 100 belonging to the group, when the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 receive the packet signal, the encryption / decryption unit 33 extracts the common key from the key holding unit 32, Using the common key, the encrypted in-group information included in the data payload of the packet signal is decrypted. The decoded in-group information is supplied to the user interface 17 and provided to the driver and the passenger. In addition, since the terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100 that does not belong to the group does not have the common key, the intra-group information cannot be decrypted.

  When the public key cryptosystem is adopted, the key generation unit 31 in each terminal device 10 of the plurality of vehicles 100 belonging to one group generates a secret key and a public key by executing a key generation algorithm of the public key cryptosystem. To do. The key generation unit 31 stores the generated secret key and public key in its own key holding unit 32, and the generated public key includes the key holding unit 32 of the terminal device 10 mounted on another vehicle 100 belonging to the group. A message to that effect is displayed on the user interface 17 so as to execute any of the sharing methods described above.

  The public key can be received by the terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100 that does not belong to the group. Therefore, even when a vehicle that does not belong to the group exists nearby (for example, near a public road), There is no problem even if the public key is exchanged by inter-vehicle communication. Hereinafter, all the public keys of the terminal devices 10 mounted on the vehicles 100 belonging to the group are held in the key holding units 32 of the terminal devices 10 mounted on the vehicles 100 belonging to the group. I will explain it on the premise.

  In the terminal device 10 mounted on any of the vehicles 100 belonging to the group, the generation unit 15 generates in-group information to be transmitted to the other vehicles 100 belonging to the group. The generation unit 15 encrypts the generated in-group information using a public key held in the key holding unit 32, and generates a packet signal including the encrypted in-group information in the data payload. The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the packet signal by the CSMA method. A series of processes from encryption to transmission is executed using all public keys. That is, the process is repeatedly executed for the number of vehicles other than the self belonging to the group.

  In the terminal device 10 mounted on another vehicle 100 belonging to the group, when the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 receive the packet signal, the encryption / decryption unit 33 extracts the secret key from the key holding unit 32, Using the secret key, the encrypted in-group information included in the data payload of the packet signal is decrypted. At this time, the in-group information encrypted by the key generation unit 31 of its own terminal device 10 can be decrypted, but the information encrypted by the key generation unit 31 of the terminal device 10 other than itself cannot be decrypted. However, when the transmitting side is transmitting a packet signal by the above-described processing, there is one packet signal including information that can be decrypted with its own secret key, and therefore decryption is possible.

  The in-group information decrypted by the encryption / decryption unit 33 is supplied to the user interface 17 and provided to the driver and passengers. In addition, since the terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100 that does not belong to the group does not have the secret key, it cannot decrypt the encrypted in-group information included in the data payload of the packet signal.

  Comparing the common key encryption method and the public key encryption method, the latter has higher security but a larger processing load. Therefore, when the number of vehicles belonging to the group is small, it is desirable to employ the latter. However, when the number of vehicles belonging to the group is large, it is difficult to employ the latter. When the public key cryptosystem is adopted, the terminal device 10 that transmits information can generate an electronic signature using its own private key, and can include the electronic signature in the data payload. This electronic signature is more reliable than an electronic signature generated using a common key.

  In the second embodiment, the intra-group information may be hopped using inter-vehicle communication as in the first embodiment. That is, the processing unit 24 of the terminal device 10 describes information indicating that the intra-group information should be transferred and the upper limit value of the transfer count in the message header of the MAC frame shown in FIG. The processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 that has received the MAC frame adds 1 to the number of transfers included in the message header. When the updated transfer count is less than the upper limit, the processing unit 14 describes the updated transfer count in the message header, and the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the updated packet signal. When the number of transfers after the update reaches the upper limit, the transfer is not executed. Note that the expiration date of transfer may be used instead of the upper limit value of the number of transfers.

  As described above, the RF unit 12, the modem unit 13, and the processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 also relay the packet signal including the in-group information received from the other terminal device 10 according to the description of the message header. In addition, the terminal device 10 which performs relay is not restricted to the terminal device 10 which belongs to the said group, The terminal device 10 which does not belong to the said group is also contained. For example, the terminal device 10 mounted on the fourth vehicle 100d illustrated in FIG. 10 may execute the relay. In addition, the discussion on the hopping of the disaster information and the response information to the disaster information also applies to the discussion on the hopping of the intra-group information.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for exchanging intra-group information of the communication system 500 according to the second embodiment. The key generation unit 31 of at least one terminal device 10 mounted on the plurality of vehicles 100 belonging to one group generates an encryption key (S20). The encryption key is shared by the terminal devices 10 mounted on all the vehicles 100 belonging to the group (S21).

  Prior to transmission of the intra-group information, the terminal device 10 mounted on one vehicle 100 belonging to the group encrypts the intra-group information with the shared encryption key (S22). The terminal device 10 broadcasts a packet signal including the encrypted in-group information (S23). The terminal device 10 mounted on the other vehicle 100 belonging to the group receives the packet signal including the encrypted in-group information (S24). Each terminal apparatus 10 decrypts the encrypted in-group information included in the received packet signal with the shared encryption key (S25). The decoded in-group information is notified to the driver and passengers (S26).

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, by encrypting private information not related to traffic safety or crisis management other than the disaster information and the response information to the disaster information, such as the location information, The information can be exchanged by inter-vehicle communication. Since it is encrypted, the terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100 that does not belong to the group cannot decrypt the information, and hopping is also possible. Therefore, private information can be communicated even between vehicles that are relatively far apart.

(Example 3)
FIG. 13 shows a configuration of a communication system 500 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. This shows a state in which the vehicle 100e has failed, and the driver or passenger of the vehicle 100e (hereinafter referred to as the failed vehicle 100e) has requested a rescue from the road service center, and a road service car (hereinafter referred to as LSC) 100f has arrived. In the third embodiment, it is assumed that the terminal device 10 mounted on the failed vehicle 100e and the ECU in the failed vehicle 100e cooperate and the terminal device 10 mounted on the failed vehicle 100e can acquire failure information from the ECU. . That is, it is assumed that the terminal device 10 is operating normally. When the vehicle has not been significantly damaged due to a major accident or the like, the ECU can often identify the failure location.

  In the third embodiment, inter-vehicle communication is performed between the terminal device 10 mounted on the failed vehicle 100e and the terminal device 10 mounted on the LSC 100f. The acquisition unit 16 of the terminal device 10 mounted on the failed vehicle 100e acquires failure information from the ECU. Further, the identification information of the failed vehicle 100e is acquired from the identification information holding unit 18. The generation unit 15 generates a packet signal including the failure information and the identification information of the failed vehicle 100e in the data payload. The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the packet signal.

  The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 of the terminal device 10 installed in the LSC 100f receive the packet signal. The processing unit 14 extracts information included in the data payload of the packet signal and outputs it to the user interface 17. When the service person of the LSC 100f determines that repair is difficult at the site, the faulty vehicle 100e is transported to a repair facility (for example, a car dealer who sold the vehicle 100e or a repair shop where the vehicle 100e is located).

  Prior to or in the middle of this transportation, the service person uses a communication means (for example, a mobile phone or a third party wireless (MAC wireless)) common to the repair facility to arrange for repair or replacement of parts. Request for an estimate can be made. This arrangement and request may be made by accessing the PC or server device of the correction facility via the base station device 20 and the external network 200 using road-to-vehicle communication instead of the general communication means. .

  As described above, according to the third embodiment, the failure information is transmitted from the terminal device 10 mounted on the failed vehicle 100e to the terminal device 10 mounted on the LSC 100f by the inter-vehicle communication, so that the service person of the LSC 100f has failed. Even if the user does not get on the vehicle 100e, the failure location of the failed vehicle 100e can be specified, and the subsequent processing can be quickly determined. Thus, the inter-vehicle communication can be used for exchanging business information other than the location information and the disaster information and the response information to the disaster information.

Example 4
FIG. 14 shows a configuration of a communication system 500 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle 100g is a stolen vehicle 100g that has been stolen. The owner of the vehicle 100g who was stolen submits a theft report to the police station. At that time, the encryption key generated by the key generation unit 31 of the terminal device 10g mounted on the stolen vehicle 100g (a common key when the common key encryption is adopted, and a secret key when the public key encryption method is adopted) is also submitted. To do. The police station that has received the theft report registers the identification information and the encryption key of the stolen vehicle 100g in the stolen vehicle registration device 400.

  In the fourth embodiment, it is assumed that the terminal device 10 installed in the vehicle 100 is fixed with a special screw or the like and can be removed only by a special tool possessed by a car dealer who sells the terminal device 10 or the like.

  FIG. 15 illustrates a configuration of the terminal device 10 according to the fourth embodiment. The terminal device 10 according to the fourth embodiment has a configuration in which a key generation unit 31, a key holding unit 32, and an encryption / decryption unit 33 are added as compared with the terminal device 10 according to the first embodiment illustrated in FIG. . The identification information holding unit 18 according to the fourth embodiment only needs to hold the identification information of the vehicle 100, and does not need to hold the identification information of the driver or the passenger.

  In the fourth embodiment, the position information of the vehicle 100 and the identification information of the vehicle 100 are broadcasted periodically (for example, once a day, once every several hours) for crime prevention. The frequency of this information transmission can be arbitrarily set by the owner of the vehicle 100 from the user interface 17. When this information is transmitted, it is encrypted using an encryption key and transmitted.

  More specific description will be given below. At the set time, the acquisition unit 16 acquires position information and the like from a GPS receiver and the like, acquires the identification information of the vehicle 100 from the identification information holding unit 18, and outputs it to the generation unit 15. The encryption / decryption unit 33 uses the encryption key held in the key holding unit 32 (a common key when the common key cryptography is adopted, or a public key when the public key cryptosystem is adopted) to the generation unit 15. The input position information of the vehicle 100 and the identification information of the vehicle 100 (hereinafter referred to as crime prevention information) are encrypted.

  The production | generation part 15 produces | generates the packet signal which contains the encrypted crime prevention information in a data payload. The RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the packet signal by the CSMA method.

  When the base station device 20 is installed in an area where the packet signal can be received, the RF unit 22 and the modem unit 23 of the base station device 20 receive the packet signal, and the processing unit 24 The encrypted crime prevention information included in the data payload is extracted. The network communication unit 25 transmits the encrypted crime prevention information to the stolen vehicle registration device 400 via the external network 200. When the external network 200 can transfer the packet signal, only the header information is updated and the packet signal is transferred.

  The theft vehicle registration device 400 decrypts the encrypted crime prevention information when the encrypted crime prevention information can be decrypted with any of the encryption keys submitted together with the theft notification. The area specified by the crime prevention information is patroled by the police vehicle 100h, and the identification information of the vehicle 100 (for example, the automobile registration number described on the license plate) is visually recognized to try to find the stolen vehicle 100g. In addition, as a countermeasure against the replacement of the license plate, reception of a packet signal including encrypted crime prevention information transmitted from the stolen vehicle 100g from the terminal device 10 mounted on the police vehicle 100h by inter-vehicle communication. You may try.

  In the fourth embodiment, the crime prevention information may be hopped using inter-vehicle communication as in the first embodiment. That is, the processing unit 24 of the terminal device 10 describes information indicating that the crime prevention information should be transferred and the upper limit value of the transfer count in the message header of the MAC frame shown in FIG. The processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 that has received the MAC frame adds 1 to the number of transfers included in the message header. When the updated transfer count is less than the upper limit, the processing unit 14 describes the updated transfer count in the message header, and the RF unit 12 and the modem unit 13 broadcast the updated packet signal. When the number of transfers after the update reaches the upper limit, the transfer is not executed. Note that the expiration date of transfer may be used instead of the upper limit value of the number of transfers.

  That is, the RF unit 12, the modem unit 13, and the processing unit 14 of the terminal device 10 also relay the packet signal including the crime prevention information received from the other terminal device 10 according to the description of the message header. In addition, the discussion about the hopping of the disaster information and the response information to the disaster information also applies to the discussion about the hopping of the crime prevention information.

  FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for referring to the stolen vehicle registration device 400 for crime prevention information of the communication system 500 according to the fourth embodiment. The owner who has stolen the vehicle 100 submits a damage report to the police station, whereby the identification information of the stolen vehicle 100g and the encryption transmitted from the terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100g are sent to the stolen vehicle registration device 400. An encryption key for decrypting the crime prevention information is registered (S40).

  The terminal device 10 mounted on the vehicle 100 periodically generates crime prevention information (S41), and encrypts the crime prevention information with an encryption key prior to transmission of the crime prevention information (S42). The terminal device 10 broadcasts and transmits a packet signal including the encrypted crime prevention information (S43). The base station apparatus 20 receives the packet signal including the encrypted crime prevention information (S44). The base station device 20 transfers the encrypted crime prevention information to the stolen vehicle registration device 400 (S45). The theft vehicle registration device 400 decrypts the encrypted crime prevention information included in the received packet signal with the registered encryption key (S46). The position information of the stolen vehicle 100g is specified by the decrypted crime prevention information (S47).

  As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, a stolen vehicle can be searched or tracked using road-to-vehicle communication. Further, by encrypting the crime prevention information, the crime prevention information is not deciphered by a vehicle unrelated to the theft even if the inter-vehicle communication is used. Therefore, the stolen vehicle g can be searched for in a wider range and at a higher density by using the inter-vehicle communication.

  In the above, this invention was demonstrated based on the Example. This embodiment is an exemplification, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to the combination of each component and each processing process, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. .

  For example, you may comprise the base station apparatus which combined the terminal device 10 which concerns on Example 1- Example 4 mentioned above arbitrarily. Moreover, although the terminal device 10 according to the first to fourth embodiments has been described as being mounted on a four-wheeled vehicle, the terminal device 10 may be mounted on a two-wheeled vehicle. Moreover, the terminal (a mobile phone or a smart phone) which a pedestrian holds may be sufficient.

  In the first to fourth embodiments described above, the example in which inter-vehicle communication is performed by CSMA / CA during the vehicle transmission period has been described. In this regard, at least a part of the vehicle transmission period may be divided into a plurality of slots, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication may be performed by TDMA.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Terminal device, 11 Antenna, 12 RF part, 13 Modulation / demodulation part, 14 Processing part, 15 Generation part, 16 Acquisition part, 17 User interface, 18 Identification information holding part, 19 Control part, 20 Base station apparatus, 21 Antenna, 22 RF unit, 23 modem unit, 24 processing unit, 25 network communication unit, 29 control unit, 100 vehicle, 200 external network, 202 area, 204 area outside, 500 communication system, 300 disaster center device, 31 key generation unit, 32 keys A holding unit, 33 an encryption / decryption unit, 400 a stolen vehicle registration device.

Claims (2)

A terminal device held by a predetermined holding body,
An acquisition unit for acquiring position information of the holding entity;
A generating unit that generates a packet signal including position information acquired by the acquiring unit;
A communication unit that transmits a packet signal generated by the generation unit;
The generation unit, when the communication unit receives disaster information from a base station device, generates a packet signal including identification information of the holding entity in addition to the location information.   The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit executes relay when receiving a packet signal from another terminal device.

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